PLASTIC MONEY
Introduction to the topic
Plastic cards, or what is described as plastic money, happen to be the best-known method
of payment in this day and age. Most of us did not grasp how quickly that little piece of plastic
took its place in our lives. Credit cards online will continue to be used for the multiple
advantages they offer us.
We realize all too well that online credit cards work as an expedient payment option to
pay for our many purchases. Imagine stashing money in all your pockets as against merely a
little plastic rectangle.
Additionally, at present going around with a large quantity of cash on you is not a wise choice
in terms of safety. The safety issue assumes even greater significance when you are visiting
someplace far. Money is easy to spot and pick-pockets and thieves are able to use nicked money
equally easily because these funds are not traceable. Online credit card dealings however, are
detectable and carry an audit trial as well.
There has been a growth on electronic payment due to the shift in technology, growing
access to internet among the customers and convenient modes of delivery and payment. Plastic
money also known as Plastic cards acts as a vital tool for every day transaction of people today.
The various Plastic cards include ATM cards,Debit Card,ATM cum Debit Card,Credit
Cards, Smart Card, Charge Cards, Co-branded cards, add on cards and so on.
ATM Cards
Automated Teller machine (ATM) cards is capable of doing variety of functions.It can perform
both cash and non-cash transactions in secured environment.
-ATM Cash Transactions includes deposits and withdrawals
-Non cash transactions incude
* Providing Mini Statement of last five transactions.In some banks upto last
ten transactions
* Balance enquiry
* Stop Payment instructions
* Transfer of funds between acounts
* Requisition of Cheque books,drafts etc.
* Bill payments ( electricity bills,Telephone bills etc)
Debit Card:
The bank issues debit card only if the person has an account in the bank.This card is useful to
make payment from Member Establishments (ME) who have arrangements with the card issuing
bank or agency.They check the balance and deduct the amount from the bank balance online.
When a debit card is issued to make the payment,the total amount charged is instantly reduced
from the bank balance of the account holder.
All credit and debit cards are affiliated to two major issuers-VISA and Master Card.Master Card
and VISA are global non-profit organizations who promote the growth of the card business
throughout the world.They have built vast network of Member Establishments so that customers
can use the cards worldwide for their debit and credit purchases.
Debit Cum ATM Card:
This is most common nowadays.The same debit card can be used to draw cash from the ATM
and also make payment to the shops for purchases.This is two in one card.
Credit Cards:
This card enables the client to obtain goods or services from the various shops having
arrangement with the issuing agency even if there is no balance in his/her savings or current
account.The bank assumes that the loan will be repaid by the customers at later date.The credit
card holder has to make payment for the dues before the due date. Otherwise late payment fee is
levied in the next billing statement. Normally,a limit of the credit will be fixed by the bank for
the amount of purchases to be made by the customer based on the net worth of the customer.
Charge Cards:
A Charge card has all features of credit card.But, after using the charge card the entire payments
of the bills has to be made by the due date.If it is failed to be done,then the client is likely to be
considered as a defaulter and he has to pay a steep late payment charges. But in case of Credit
cards, the client is not declared as a defaulter if he misses to pay by due date..In such case,a late
fee is levied in the next billing statements of the credit card holder.
AMEX (American Express) and Diners Club card are well known branded charge cards.They
have their own merchant establishments and tie ups and does not depend on the network of
Master card or VISA. These care are typically meant for the high income group categories and
companies. These cards are not acceptable at many outlets. But wide variety of special privileges
are enjoyed by the AMEX card holders and Diners Club Cardholders.
Smart Cards:
A smart Card contains an electronic chip which is used to store Cash. This is most useful to pay
for small purchases for example in Fairs,coffee shops etc. No identification,signature or payment
authorization is required for using this card. The exact amount of purchase is deducted from
smart card during payment.Currently, this product is available in very developed countries like
US.
Affinity Card:
The card issuer has a tie up with popular organizations and institutions which are often non-
profit organizations like Stanchart Cricket Cards or City WWF card.When a card is used, a
certain percentage is contributed to the organization or institution by the card issuer.
Photo Card:
When a Photo is imprinted on the card,it helps to identify the user of the credit card and is
considered to be safer. In many cases,Photo card can also be used as identity card.
Global Card:
Global cards can be used as credit cards instead of cash and traveler cheques while traveling
abroad to foreign countries for business or personal reasons.
Add On Cards:
It is a privilege offered to the spouse, parents, Children or other family members of the original
card holder. Normally, an issuing bank permits two add on cards per credit card. All expenses
incurred on add on card are billed to the primary card holder.
Petro Card:
Some Petroleum companies allow customers to pay for the fuel through electronic medium. It
offers a scheme of gifting the points to the customers, when they pay for the fuel using petro
card. It is convenient, secured and speedy mode of transaction. Co-branded credit cards like
IOC-Citi bank and HPCL-ICICI bank are the co-branded petro cards available in the market.
Today, the Indian mode of payment has shifted from currency to electronic mode. This is due to
the high money valued transactions and more risk involvement. The new electronic payment and
settlement act should follow the strict norms for banks and merchants to make secure payments
and prevent money laundering as the transactions through plastic money will be increasing and
increasing in the near future..
LITE RATURE REVIEW
• Price regulation of plastic money: A critical assessment of Spanish rules
Benito Arruñada ( benito.arrunada@upf.edu)
Abstract
Recent decisions by the Spanish national competition authority (TDC) mandate
payment systems to include only two costs when setting their domestic multilateral
interchange fees (MIF): a fixed processing cost and a variable cost for the risk of
fraud. This artificial lowering of MIFs will not lower consumer prices, because of
uncompetitive retailing; but it will however lead to higher cardholders’ fees and,
likely, new prices for point of sale terminals, delaying the development of the
immature Spanish card market. Also, to the extent that increased cardholders’ fees
do not offset the fall in MIFs revenue, the task of issuing new cards will be
underpaid relatively to the task of acquiring new merchants, causing an imbalance
between the two sides of the networks. Moreover, the pricing scheme arising from
the decisions will cause unbundling and under provision of those services whose
costs are excluded. Indeed, the payment guarantee and the free funding period will
tend to be removed from the package of services currently provided, to be either
provided by third parties, by issuers for a separate fee, or not provided at all,
especially to smaller and medium-sized merchants. Transaction services will also
suffer the consequences that the TDC precludes pricing them in variable terms.
• DEBIT AND CREDIT CARDS
By Richard Willsher
The great thing about paying with plastic is that it's convenient and secure but which sort of card
to use?
Both debit and credit cards are issued by banks and building societies. Although they are the
issuers what it means is that they join one of the big card systems such as Visa or Mastercard.
Although both debit cards and credit cards can be used to pay for goods in shops there are some
important differences between the two.
The two debit cards used in this country are Switch and Visa Delta. They are accepted at
thousands of shops, garages, theatres, airlines, car hire companies, hotels and many other places.
That is why they are so convenient. You have to be 16 to have one issued to you. You present
your card at the till and the people you are paying either swipe it through a special telephone
terminal or issue you with a paper voucher. Once you have signed the money is them paid on
your behalf within a day or two.
Not only is a debit card a convenient way to pay but it makes sure you can't spend more than
you've got in your bank account. You remain in control. Credit cards however work in a very
similar way but while they give you more spending power they can be a lot more difficult to
keep under control.
When you buy things the process is the same. You sign the credit card receipt at the retail outlet
or fill out the on-screen form with the card details if you are making an Internet purchase. But
instead of debiting your bank account the money you've spent is noted by the credit card issuer
who have put a credit limit in place for you. You can spend up to this limit which could be as
little as a few hundred pounds or as much as many thousands. How much of a limit they grant
you depends on how much they think you are likely to be able to repay. They then send you a
statement once a month which shows how much you have spent. You then pay against this
statement by the due date given on the statement.
The answer then is to use a credit card if you are disciplined enough to pay off your monthly
bills and avoid wasting money on interest. Otherwise stick to a debit card where it is easier to
stay in control. That way the plastic will always be your convenient and flexible friend.
Plastic Money - The Indian Experience
Abstract:
The case examines the reasons for the increasing popularity of debit cards in the Indian plastic
money market. It explores in detail the security of card transactions and the technologies being
adopted by companies to ensure the same. The case also discusses the basic steps involved in
plastic money transactions.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
• To study the awareness of the plastic money.
• To study reasons for opting plastic money.
• To study the purpose of using plastic money.
• To study the perception of the consumers regarding plastic money.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research refers to a search for knowledge. It can also be defined as scientific
and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic. In fact,
research is an art of scientific investigation. The search for knowledge through
objective and systematic method of finding solution to a problem is a research.
Redmen and Mory defines “Research as a systematized effort to gain new knowledge”.
Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem.
In it, step-by-step methods are followed to solve a particular problem.
RESEARCH DESIGN
The research is design is the conceptual structure within which research is conducted; it
constitutes the blue print of the collection, measurement and analysis of the data. A research
design is the arrangement of the conditions for the collections and analysis of the data in a
manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedure. A
research design includes an outline of what the researcher will do from writing the hypothesis
and its operational implication to the final analysis of data.
Research Design can be further categorized into three categories as follows:
TYPES OF
RESEARCH
DESIGN
EXPLORAT EXPERIMEN
DESCRIPTIVE
ORY TAL
RESEARCH
RESEARCH RESEARCH
DESIGN
DESIGN DESIGN
SAMPLING AND DATA COLLECTION
DATA COLLECTION
After formulating the research design comes the need to collect data. Data is very essential to
reach at any conclusion. There are various sources of data collection which are as follows:
• PRIMARY DATA
• SECONDARY DATA
Primary sources are those sources of information which are explored for the first time by the
researcher. It is the first hand information which has not been used in the past. It includes:
• Personal Investigation
• Observation Method
• Information from correspondents.
Secondary data includes the information which has been already used by the researcher. As the
name implies, it is the second hand information. It includes:
• Published Sources such as Journals, Government Reports, Newspapers and Magazines
etc.
• Unpublished Sources such as Company Internal reports prepared for analysis and
investigation purposes.
• Company’s official websites or other websites on the internet like yahoo or Google etc.
SAMPLING
It is not possible for any researcher to include each and every member of the universe in his
research process so he has to select small portions of the universe which is its true representative.
This group is known as sample.
The process of selecting the desired sample from the universe to solve the research problem is
called sampling.
Sampling technique can be categorized into two broad categories namely: -
• PROBABILITY SAMPLING
• NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING
DATA PROCESSING
Once the data has been collected then comes the stage of data processing. Raw data is of no use
if it is not processed properly using any statistical tool. It includes calculations, tabulations and
coding & editing of data collected through different sources.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY USED IN THE PRESENT STUDY
COVERAGE OF THE STUDY
The universe of the present study is Bank customers in the area of Chandigarh & Mohali.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research type Exploratory Research
Source of Data Collection Primary & Secondary
Research Instrument Questionnaire
SAMPLE PLAN
Sampling Technique Probabilistic using convenient sampling
COLLECTION OF DATA
The study is based on primary and secondary data
Primary data: - Survey, Interview
Secondary data: - Company record files, sites and articles.
ANALYSIS PATTERN
Bar-diagrams, Pie charts and Tables.
Content Analysis, Questionnaire Analysis.
NEED OF THE STUDY
• The importance of the study and analysis of the training practices in India is emphasized
by the fact that the training system is going to decide the employee performance and job
satisfaction up to large extent.
• This training practice shows the impact of the employee’s performance on the
organization success in today’s competitive era.
• Therefore the present study aims at finding out the impact of training practices on the
employee performance, job satisfaction and on overall impact of training programmes on
company’s performance.
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
There are certain limitations in the present study which are follows:
1. The study can’t cover whole of the region due to shortage of resources and human
limitation.
2. The information is collected through primary and secondary data. Hence, the
limitation of the reliability and shortcoming of secondary data may affect the
result.
3. The information provided by the Bank Customers is not definitely true.
4. The samples of Bank Customers are not representative of the total workforce.
5. The Bank Customers hesitate disclosing the true facts of plastic money in order to
secure their income.
6. There is no measure to check out whether the information provided by the Bank
Customers is correct or not
BIBLIOGRAPHY
WEBSITE
● www.onprepaidcard.com/24775/
● http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money
● http://www.financialexpress.com/fe_full_story.php?content_id=80188
● http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Money_Matters/Credit_Cards/News/Pl
astic_money_use_gains_pace_in_India/articleshow/msid-1268620,curpg-
2.cms
● http://www.cinechance.com/a/how-to-get-best-out-of-your-plastic-
money.html
● http://www.icmr.icfai.org/casestudies/catalogue/IT%20and
%20Systems/Money.htm
● http://sify.com/finance/loans/fullstory.php?id=13001073&vsv=432
● http://www.sitagita.com/view.asp?id=7267
● http://www.financialexpress.com/fe_full_story.php?content_id=159577
● http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/canvas/2002/01/19/stories/200201190
0080400.htm
A PROJECT SYNOPSIS
ON
AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON
PLASTIC MONEY
Submitted by:
PRIYANKA GOEL
REG. NO. 420820370
PGDM (FINANCE)
Study centre:
VISION INSTITUTE OF
MANAGEMENT STUDIES
PERSONAL DETAILS
Name : JITENDER KUMAR
Registration No. : 420820699
Name of programme : (42) Post Graduate Diploma in
Management
Specialization : Finance
Contact No. :
Email : vermajeetu1@gmail.com
Correspondence Address : A-1/1, SECTOR-16, ROHINI, DELHI-110089
Title of the Project : The title of the Project is an analytical study on
“FACTORS AFFECTING INVESTORS PREFERENCE FOR MUTUAL
FUNDS IN INDIA”
AT
MAHINDRA FINANCE
PROJECT GUIDE
Name : Ch. SAMARESH CHHOTRAY
Designation : Faculty
Contact no. : 9717219922
E mail : cssrc1974@gmail.com
CURRICULUM VITAE OF PROJECT GUIDE
NAME : Ch. Samaresh Chhotray
QUALIFICATION : B.COM (HONOURS)-DU
M.COM (DU)
CA
MBA (finance- IGNOU)
EXPERIENCES : AIMA faculty for MBA/PGDM since 2002
Visiting faculty with VIAS for MKU-MBA
Visiting faculty for IIPM (Accounts & fin.)
Visiting faculty with HIMS (Gauhati Univ -
regular industry integrated)
Visiting faculty with UEI Global
WORK EXPERIENCE : Worked with MSIL as Assistant Manager
(Finance) for 2 years.
Worked with Titan industries as Assistant Manager
between 2004 to 2006.
SUBJECTS TAUGHT : FINANCIAL /CORPORATE ACCOUNTS
COST /MGMT ACCOUNTING
FINANCE MGMT
OPERATION RESEARCH
Quantitative tech/ STATS
International finance Mgmt
SECURITY ANALYSIS & PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT
BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS.
FOREX EXCHANGE MGMT.
HOBBIES : READING & WRITING
TRAVELLING
MOTIVATING YOUNG PEOPLE
LISTENING MUSIC
WATCHING ALL KIND OF SPORTS.
Contact no:- 9717219922
Email:cssrc1974@gmail.com
ABOUT ME
Sex Male
Nationality Indian
Religion Hinduism
Language known English, Hindi, Oriya and Bengali
Marital status Married
MOTTO : EXTREME HARD WORK &
DETERMINATION
ADDRESS
First Floor, Rawat villa
Ward no 2,Mehrauli
New Delhi- 110030
Materials
My teaching methods are primarily power point Slides and subject notes in Ms Word in subjects like
Accounting/ finance/IFM/SAPM/stats/QT/Research and Strategy.
Apart from that I am in process to write a book tentatively called (Accounting for Non- Commerce
Students) which will help students pursuing BBA/MBA and M.COM.
Strengths
My ability to understand each student separately and address their problems separately. I will bring at
least twelve years of street smart teaching experience.
I was into coaching students of CA/CS/CWA/B.COM/M.COM/MBA/MFC/ACCA & CPA Very early
right from 1996-97 and thus has greater understanding of the needs of students and their problems.
I never turn away student queries.
Promise
I believe in finishing projects in time and ethically come what may. The great philosopher Karl Marx
once said “Labour changes APE to MAN” and this inspires me.
I believe in HARD WORK and working with Professional efficiency and Dignity”.
Given an opportunity, I will work to the best of my ability and help you and your institution find and
accomplish better standards in education.
I believe in the notion “nothing precedes hard work, success only comes by…..
With Regards
Samaresh Chhotray
