PART 2: EXERCISES

A. PHONETICS
I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. government B. borrowing C. program D. promotion
2. A. polar B. land C. impact D. animal
3. A. possession B. access C. property D. American
4. A. release B. easy C. threat D. increase
5. A. preserve B. conserve C. fossil D. discuss
2. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
1. A. protect B. charity C. chemical D. neighbourhood
2. A. submarine B. assignment C. disposal D. depletion
3. A. chemical B. solution C. disposal D. erosion
4. A. scientist B. chemical C. injury D. announcement
5. A. evidence B. principle C. allergy D. awareness

II. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

I. Change into the reported speech.
1. He said “I have already read this book”.
 .......................................................................................................................
2. Tom said to his sister “I want to buy a gift for our mother”.
 .......................................................................................................................
3. Mrs Brown said “Where are they living?”
 .......................................................................................................................
4. “Do you know the girl over there?” Tom said
 .......................................................................................................................
5. Mother said “Nam, why don’t you go to bed?”
 .......................................................................................................................
6. “May I use your telephone?” said my neighbor.
 .......................................................................................................................
7. The manager said “Come into my office, please.”
  .......................................................................................................................
8. “Do not get off the bus while it’s going.” Said the driver.
 .......................................................................................................................
9. She asked to the little boy “Take a look at yourself in the mirror!”
 .......................................................................................................................
10. “Don’t put your elbow on the table!” he said.
 .......................................................................................................................
II. Put the correct word for the sentences below.

deforestation preserve Greenhouse effect Fossil fuels

damage depletion pollute Global warming

1. The ___________ occurs when the earth’s atmosphere traps certain gases such as
carbon dioxide as well as water vapour. This makes the earth’s surface warmer.
2. _________ is harm or injury that makes something less valuable or able to
function.
3. To  _________ is to keep and protect something from damage, change or waste.
4. _________ are non-renewable energy sources such as coal, fuel oil and natural gas
formed from dead plants and animals underground.
5. __________ is the gradual increase of temperature on the earth’s surface due to
greenhouse effect.
6. _________ is the using up or reducing something like energy or resources.
7. To __________ is to make air, water, or soil dirty or unclean.
8. _________ is the removal or cutting down of all trees in an area for urban use and
farm lands.
III. Choose the correct words in the bracket to complete the sentences.

preserved forestation confused erosion

global environment attraction environmental

 1. Scientists have tried to assess the impact of human activities on the _________.
2. We should have _________ plans to replace the trees cut down for farmland use in
the region.
3. Oceanic oil spills become a major __________ problem, chiefly a result of
intensified petroleum exploitation.
4. The rhino habitat has been perfectly __________ in the region.
5. The students are somewhat _________ by the usage of the words “preservation”
and “conservation”.
6. Many climatologists believe that the decline in mountain glaciers is one of the first
observation signs of _________ warming.
7. Rising sea levels can add to the _________ of our coastlines.
8. Waste water has polluted seas and lakes surrounding tourist _________, damaging
the flora and fauna.
IV. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in
the gap in the same line.

1. In banana plantations, flooding occurs partly because of  CONSTRUCT

deforestation and partly because of poorly _________
drainage systems.
2. African and Asian elephant numbers feel dramatically in LARGE
the 19th and 20th centuries, _________ due to the ivory trade
and habitat loss.
PHYSICS
3. The environmental consequences of large dams are
numerous, including direct impacts to the biological,
chemical and __________ properties of rivers.
DISPOSE
4. In areas with high concentrations of tourist activities and
attractive natural attractions, waste ___________ is a serious
problem.
 5. Unlike pesticides, _________ are not directly toxic but FERTILIZE
their presence in fresh water changes the nutrient system.
ERODE
6. _________ caused by deforestation can also lead to
increased flooding.
SUSTAIN
7. The Earth’s natural resources should be consumed at a
________ level.
DEPLETE
8. Dealing with resource __________ requires a broad range
of strategies.
DEFOREST
9. Experts predict that the world’s rain forests could
completely disappear in 100 years at the current rate of
___________. ENVIRONMENT
10. Mining is an extractive industry, often with huge
_________ and social impacts.

V. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.

1. Jack asked me _________.
A. where do you come from? B. where I came from
C. where I come from D. where did I come from?
2. She asked me ____ I liked pop music.
A. when B. what C. if D. x
3. The doctor ____ him to take more exercise.
A. told B. tell C. have told D. are telling
4. I wanted to know ____ return home.
A. when would she B. when will she
C. when she will D. when she would
5. Claire told me that her father ____ a race horse.
A. owns B. owned
 C. owning D. A and B
6. What did that man say ____?
A. at you B. for you C. to you                    D. you
7. I rang my friend in Australia yesterday, and she said it ____ raining there.
A. is B. were C. has been D. was
8. The builders have ____ that everything will be ready on time.
A. promised B. promise C. promises D. promising
9. The doctor ____ him to take more exercise.
A. told B. tell C. have told D. are telling
10. The last time I saw Linda, she looked very relaxed. She explained she’d been on
holiday the ____ week.
A. ago B. following C. next D. previous
11. Fossil fuels which are non-renewable pollute the air and cause air ____.
A. pollution B. solution C. contaminate D. consumption
12. Recycling provides a method of reducing the amount of waste materials that gets to
the landfills – thus ____ it less probable for environmental pollution to take place.
A. making B. doing C. causing D. trying
13. If wastes are thrown ____, they can cause pollution in water, land and air.
A. inappropriately B. disappointingly C. eco-friendly D. favourably
14. Trees not only bring nature to urban areas, but they also help clean the air by
absorbing pollutants, ____ oxygen, ____ water, and grow food.
A. to provide – to save B. to provide – save
C. providing – saving D. provide – save
15. Air pollution is such a serious ____ that it has been a direct factor in the ____ of
millions of people each year.
A. threat – death B. threat – deaths
 C. threaten – death D. threaten – deaths
16. Sometimes it’s better not to buy something new, and buy it ____ instead.
A. used B. usable C. use D. useful
17. He asked the children ____ the river.
A. don’t pollute B. if they don’t pollute
C. not to pollute          D. not polluting
18. They asked me how many students ____ in the school.
A. there were B. were there
C . there are D. are there
19. He told me that ____.
A. he would participate in the conservation campaign yesterday
B. he had participated in the conservation campaign the previous day
C. he participated in the conservation campaign the previous day
D. he has participated in the conservation campaign the previous day
20. He asked, “Why did she write the article on conservation?”
He asked why  ____.
A. she had written the article on conservation
B. she has written the article on conservation
C. she wrote the article on conservation
D. did she write the article on conservation
VI. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed to make the
sentence correct.
1. The (A) deplete of the ozone layer (B) is not (C) a good thing (D) for the Earth.
2. We (A) need (B) to protect the (C) environmental for the (D) next generation.
3. Deforestation will lead (A) to the extinction of rare (B) animal due to the loss of
(C) their habitats, and (D) extreme floods and land erosion.
 4. (A) Worldwide rainforest (B) preserve has (C) been the aim (D) of many
environmentalists.
5. (A) Person should (B) make efforts to preserve the environment (C) for the sake of
(D) themselves and their children.
6. Environmental (A) pollute is (B) one of the greatest and most urgent
(C) problems in modern (D) times.
7. Many countries (A) have signed up to international agreements (B) which aim
(C) to reduce the negative (D) impaction of climate change.
8. (A) Any amateur (B) gardener knows (C) plantation need two things (D) to
survive: sunlight and water.

C. READING
I. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use only one word in
each space.

home balance way warming forests

ecosystems value of amount life

PROTECTING BIODIVERSITY
Protecting biodiversity is now very essential since biodiversity is crucial for
reducing climate pollution. If we don’t protect biodiversity, the effects could be as
harmful as the effects of global (1) __________ itself. This is especially true with tropical
(2) _________ – they are critical to fighting climate change and (3) __________ to more
species than any other ecosystem type. In other words, protecting biodiversity is essential
for our well-being, and biodiversity helps to (4) __________ the nature.
Biodiversity is an important part of sustainable development. As we know,
sustainable development is considered as a major target for industry as well as planning
system. However, the only (5) __________ to achieve this target is to protect
biodiversity. Tiny plants that grow also absorb large (6) __________ of carbon dioxide.
That is why protecting diversity is essential.
In fact, biodiversity protection is very much important since biodiversity is a
fundamental component of (7) __________ on Earth. It creates complex (8) _________
that could never be reproduced by humans. The (9) _________ of that biodiversity is
immeasurable, and thus must be protected. Finally, we both want and need biodiversity.
We continue harming the natural environment without realizing the impact. We should be
aware (10) __________ protecting biodiversity.
II. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in
the following passage.
World Environment Day which is (1) ________ on 5th June every year in an
important day in the calendar of the United Nations. It is one of the ways the United
Nations uses to advocate for environmental (2) _________ and call for political action.
Every year, UNEP (the Environment Program of the United Nations) develops a
theme which is used globally to raise (3) _________ and call for support from
governments, organizations, and individuals from all over the world.
The theme for 2015 was “Seven Billion Dreams. One Planet. Consume with Care”.
This would also serve as the slogan for the World Environmental Day 2015. The meeting
of this theme and slogan is that we have five (4) __________ with more than seven
billion people combined. Although we have about 7 billion people, we just have one
planet that we live and survive. The surface area is limited, shelter and food also limited.
If we continue using the available natural (5) _________ as we do today, our future
generations may be (6) __________ to go hungry and without homes. This is why it is of
vital importance to consume (7) _________ food that is available with care. Stop the
wastage and use whatever resource that is available according to need, not greed.
“Join the race to make the world a better place” is the theme and (8) _________ for
2016 UN World Environment Day. This slogan (9) _________ a clear message and asks
everyone to get involved (10) __________ making the world a better place to live in.
1. A. found B. acted C. held D. celebrated
2. A. experience B. protection C. decrease D. pollution
 3. A. feature B. activity C. ability D. awareness
4. A. areas B. continents C. plants D. stars
5. A. sources B. resources C. balances D. increase
6. A. had B. made C. forced D. accused
7. A. which B. whatever C. who D. what
8. A. slogan B. flag C. poster D. brand
9. A. requests B. asks C. carries D. depends
10. A. from B. to C. within D. in

D. WRITING
I. Change into the reported speech.
1. Mr Jones gave the people gloves and said to them: “Protect yourselves from germs.”
 ............................................................................................................................
2. Nam said, “The environment is severely affected by pollution.”
 ............................................................................................................................
3. Mai said, “The burning of fossil fuels leads to air pollution.”
 ............................................................................................................................
4. Peter said, “Intensive insecticide and pesticide sprays in agriculture make the soil
contaminated.”
 ............................................................................................................................
5. “It’s confusing because there are too many web pages about the environment” Nam
said.
 ............................................................................................................................
6. “Air pollution is one of the causes of the greenhouse effect” scientists said.
 ............................................................................................................................
7. “Pollution is one of the problems in my neighbourhood” Nam said.
  ............................................................................................................................
8. “More people are aware of the preservation of natural resources” the editor said.
 ............................................................................................................................
9. “We are discussing the protection of the natural environment” the students told
their teacher.
 ............................................................................................................................
10. “Use the web search engine to find the information that you need” Nam’s father
told him.
 ............................................................................................................................
II. Change into the reported speech.
1. Mr Jones was very sad and said “All this rubbish is killing fish and other sea
creatures.”
 ............................................................................................................................
2. “We can clean the beach together.” said Nick.
 ............................................................................................................................
3. “I’ll ask our friends and neighbours to come and help us” Mary said to them.
 ............................................................................................................................
4. “I’m so happy to hear that, children” Mr Jones said to his children.
 ............................................................................................................................
5. Tony said “The disposal of untreated sewage in rivers and oceans leads to water
pollution.”
 ............................................................................................................................
6. Mary said “Loud and annoying sounds from innumerable vehicles in the highway
nearby cause noise pollution.”
 ............................................................................................................................
7. Mai said “The rising sea level is product of global warming, a natural phenomenon.
The only unnatural thing about global warming is the accelerated rate at which it is
happening.”
 ............................................................................................................................
8. Linda said “Environmental pollution is an impact of human activities on the
environment.”
 ............................................................................................................................