UNIT 3: PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT

A. GRAMMAR:
1. First Conditional: We use First conditional to talk about future situations we think are
real or will happen and their results.
Form:
If clause Main clause
If + Present Simple will + bare infinitive
 We can make negative conditionals using unless instead of if.
2. Compound sentences with AND
We can use AND to add and join ideas together.

3. Complex sentences with SO THAT

We can you SO THAT to show purposes. In informal English, we can omit THAT.

B. PRACTICE:

I. PRONUNCIATION
1. A. heart B. catch C. watch D. question
2. A. affect B. effect C. nature D. climate
3. A. natural B. pollutant C. lecture D. feature
4. A. visitor B. forest C. dirty D. Dutch
5. A. environment B. temperature C. picture D. match

II. STRESSED SYLLABLE

1. A. answer B. be’come C. enter D. carry
2. A. remove B. wonder C. bother D. happen
3. A. arrive B. replace C. enjoy D. damage
4. A. avoid B. select C. listen D. attract
5. A. review B. suffer C. gather D. copy
III. MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A lot of sea animals are in danger of extinction because of ______ pollution.
A. water B. air C. land D. noise
2. Collecting rubbish is one of the ______ ways to protect our environment.
A. effectively B. effective C. effect D. effectiveness
3. To become a volunteer at Dolphins Plus, you must be a ______ person. The dolphins
here love care.
A. creative B. friendly C. brave D. caring

4. Mike: “What should we do to reduce air pollution?”

Sarah: “ ______”
A. Well, I will collect the rubbish at the beach with my friends
B. The city should make it easy to reduce plastic.
C. We should ride our bikes to school.
D. We should go to work by car.
5. I lost my keys, ______ I can’t get into my house.
A. so B. and C. but D. or

6. Alex: “What will you do ______ you come back from the school trip?”
Tony: “I will write a report on wildlife animals.”
A. after B. although C. while D. because
7. He fixed the faucet ______ that it stopped dropping ______ he could save some
water.
A. and / so B. and / and C. so / and D. so / so

8. Tom: “How are you going to get to the national park?” Lucy: “______”
A. We are sure about that. B. We’re going to fly there.
C. Maybe we can volunteer in Mexico. D. We’re going to feed the turtles.
9. Does your school have an ______ club?
A. environmental B. environmentally
C. environment D. environmentalist
10. ______ pollution affects our breath and causes lung diseases.
A. Air B. Water C. Land D. Noise
11. The main cause of pollution and global warming is the______ gases from cars and
other vehicles.
 A. peaceful B. quiet C. harmful D. fresh
12. An illness in a person, animal or plant is called ______.
A. issue B. disease C.pollution D. poison
13. We will turn off all the lights ______ we leave the classroom. This will help save
electricity.
A. before B. after C. as soon as D. while
14. Bengal tigers continue to suffer from serious ______. Humans are destroying their
natural homes.
A. habitat loss B. pollution C. climate change D. illegal hunting
15. The natural world where plants, animals and people live is called ______.
A. wildlife B. environment C. area D. land
16. Forest firefighters must be______ because they face danger to put out fires and save
people.
A. caring and careful B. brave and careful
C. creative and caring D. creative and kind
17. Kate: "What are you going to do this summer?"
Andy: "______ "
A. I'm going to volunteer in a national park.
B. If I can't come, there will no one to help in the national park.
C. That's a good idea. I will volunteer in a national park.
D. It's great. The national park is calling for volunteers.
18. Hemp can be used to make paper, ______ it could reduce the need for logging.
A. consequently B. due to
C. so D. since
19. Air pollution is severe in______.
A. cities B. densely populated areas
C. industrialised areas D. all of these
20. The water temperature in streams, rivers, oceans change is the effect of ______.
A. radioactive pollution B. thermal pollution
 C. light pollution D. visual pollution

IV. SIGNS / NOTICES

1. This road sign means: A. you must not use a mobile phone here.
B. you must not use a camera here.

C. dogs can’t be entered.

D. you can’t come into.

2. CREATIVE WRITING A. A candidate has to write about a country in English.

CONTEST B. A candidate has to write about trip to the country.
Language: English C. A candidate has to write about a country friend.
Topic: A country trip D. A candidate has to talk about a country picnic.
A. Recycle bottles and cans only.
B. Recycle paper only.
C. Reduce bottles only.
D. Reduce paper only.
3.
A. You must cut down the trees.
B. You can cut down the trees.

C. You mustn’t cut down the trees.

4. D. You should cut down the trees.

A. You should not make this place tidy.
B. Putting unused things into the garbage dump is necessary.
C. Recycling is very important to protect the environment.
5.
D. You shouldn’t throw your garbage here.

V. READING COMPREHENSION
Our oceans are becoming extremely polluted. Most of this pollution comes from the land
which means comes from people. First there is raw sewage, which is pumped directly into
the sea. Many countries both developed and developing are guilty of doing this. Secondly,
 ships drop about 6 million ton of garbage into the sea each year. Thirdly, there are oil spills
from ships. A ship has an accident and oil leaks from the vessel. This not only pollutes the
water but it also kills the marine life. Next, there are waste materials from factories.
Without proper regulations, factory owners let the waste run directly into the rivers, which
then leads to the sea. And finally, oil is washed from land. This can be the result of
carelessness or a deliberate dumpling of waste.
Read the passage, then decide if the statements that follow it are True or False
1. Sea pollution is mainly caused by people in many countries.
2. Oil from ship accidents and oil washed from land are not harmful to living things.
3. Factories throw untreated waste into the rivers.
4. Dropping garbage into the rivers is a careless or deliberate action.
Read the passage again and choose the best answer.
5. What is the closet meaning of the word “deliberate”?
A. intentional B. occasional C. traditional D. functional
6. How many factors constitute the oceanic pollution according to the passage?
A. two B. three C. four D. five
VI. CLOZE TESTS
Many rivers and lakes around the world are polluted. The (1) ______ of waste materials
by factories and households cause pollution to rivers and lakes. The Rhine Rivers in
Europe and the Great Lakes in North America are good (2) ______ of rivers and lakes that
are polluted. Their water (3) ______ be drunk.
The same thing is happening to the sea. In one instance, certain factories in Japan dumped
industrial waste (4) ______ the sea. Many people (5) ______ from lead or mercury poisoning after
eating fish caught in (6) ______ polluted waters.
1. A. use B. discharge C. recycle D. supply
2. A. examples B. models C. samples D. reflection
3. A. will B. have not C. cannot D. are not
4. A. in B. to C. into D. at
5. A. prevented B. attacked C. affected D. suffered
6. A. such B. so C. very D. too
 VII. VERB FORM
1. If people (pollute) ________________ the environment, a lot of animals (die)
________________.
2. If water (consist) ________________ germs, people (get) ________________ ill.
3. If the poles (melt) ________________, huge landmasses (be) ________________
under water.
4. Many precious animals (disappear) ________________ if people (cut down)
________________ trees.
5. It (not affect) ________________ the wildlife if we (keep) ________________ the
riversand seas clean.
6. If the emission of CO2 (continue) ________________ at high rate, the climate
(become) ________________ polluted.
7. We (save) ________________ the trees If we (save) ________________ paper.
8. If schools (teach) ________________ about environmental problems, all students
(know) ________________ how to protect the environment.
9. If more people (travel) ________________ by bike or bus, we (not have)
________________ traffic jam.
10. If the government (fine) ________________ heavily to the factories, they (not dump)
________________ sewage into the ocean.
VIII. WORD FORM
1. Scientists found a lot of toxic element in the areas in the (pollute) ________________
Atlantic Ocean.
2. We must learn about keeping the environment (pollute) ________________.
3. Burning coal to produce electricity (pollution) ________________ the air.
4. If we continue littering, our environment will become seriously (pollute)
________________.
5. Plastic bags will cause (pollute) ________________.
6. People are worried about the effects of (healthy) ________________ on the island.
7. Polluted air can cause (healthy) ________________ problems in people and animals.
 8. We’ll live a happier and (health) ________________ life if we keep the environment
clean.

9. People believe that organic farming is better for the (environmentally)

________________.
10. Some (environment) ________________ are trying to clean up our beach.
11. Some (environment) ________________ groups have declared a boycott of tourism
on the island.
12. These laws may not provide enough (protect) ________________ for some
endangered species.
13. This group of chemicals is known to be (harm) ________________ to people with
asthma.
14. Both children escaped (harm) ________________ from the burning building.
15. Safety glass will break into relatively (harm) ________________ pieces when it is hit
hard.
16. He is talking to some volunteer (conserve) ________________.
17. Older people tend to be more (conserve) ________________ and a bit suspicious of
anything new.
18. To (conserve) ________________ electricity, we are cutting down on our heating.
19. Please! Listen to the lecture (care) ________________.
20. An accident happened because of driving (care) ________________.

IX. SENTENCE REARRANGEMENT

1. The water / clean / local people / it. / use / can / so that / should be /
____________________________________________

2. should / We / public transportation, / and / shouldn’t / waste energy. / use / we/

____________________________________________
3. should save / We / paper / so that / have to / cut down / more trees. / we / don't/
____________________________________________
4. should / We / reuse / shopping bags, / recycle / and / plastic bottles./
 ____________________________________________
5. electricity /save / We / so that / the environment./ should / can / help protect / we /
____________________________________________
X. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
1. We recycle more. We will be able to protect environment.
If _________________________________________________________________
2. Overfishing will damage marine life. We need to control it.
If _________________________________________________________________

3. Don’t throw garbage into rivers and lakes. You’ll make them dirty.
If _________________________________________________________________
4. We keep polluting the land. Trees and plants will die.
If _________________________________________________________________

5. We don’t stop polluting the environment. We get more health problems.

Unless _____________________________________________________________
6. We don’t have enough food and water. We don’t stop water pollution.
Unless _____________________________________________________________
7. 7. People eat dirty food. They can be cancer.
If _________________________________________________________________
8. People live in radioactive pollution area. They can be skin cancer.
If ________________________________________________________________
9. Noise pollution happens regularly. It causes stress or nuisance.
If _________________________________________________________________
10. Water pollution gets more serious in the future. It affects the development of economy
and society.
If _________________________________________________________________

11. We have more space. We plant more trees.

If _________________________________________________________________
12. People should take quick showers. They won’t waste water. (using SO THAT)
___________________________________________________________________
13. People should learn how to recycle things. They can reduce land pollution.
(using SO THAT)
___________________________________________________________________
14. We should turn off air conditioners when we leave a room. We can save electricity.
(using SO THAT)
___________________________________________________________________
15. I put out the central heating because I did not want to waste fuel. (using SO
THAT)
___________________________________________________________________
16. He opened the window. He wanted to let fresh air in. (using SO THAT)
___________________________________________________________________
17. I like collecting plastic bottles because I want to send them to the recycling center.
(using SO THAT)
___________________________________________________________________

18. She wants him to go with her on holiday, so she’s helping him with his project. (using
SO THAT)
___________________________________________________________________
19. People should recycle plastic bottles. People can reuse glass bottles. (using AND)
___________________________________________________________________
20. We should use paper bags instead of plastic bags. We should help clean up the
environment. (using AND)
___________________________________________________________________