BS EN ISO 10675-2:2013

BSI Standards Publication

Non-destructive testing of
welds — Acceptance levels for
radiographic testing
Part 2: Aluminium and its alloys
BS EN ISO 10675-2:2013 BRITISH STANDARD

National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO
10675-2:2013. It is identical to ISO 10675-2:2010. It supersedes BS EN
12517-2:2008 which is withdrawn.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical
Committee WEE/46, Non-destructive testing.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be
obtained on request to its secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary
provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct
application.
© The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards
Limited 2013
ISBN 978 0 580 81137 1
ICS 25.160.40
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.
This British Standard was published under the authority of the
Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2013.
Amendments issued since publication
Date Text affected
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN ISO 10675-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM August 2013

ICS 25.160.40 Supersedes EN 12517-2:2008

English Version

Non-destructive testing of welds - Acceptance levels for

radiographic testing - Part 2: Aluminium and its alloys (ISO
10675-2:2010)

Essais non destructifs des assemblages soudés - Niveaux Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von Schweißverbindungen -
d'acceptation pour évaluation par radiographie - Partie 2: Zulässigkeitsgrenzen für die Durchstrahlungsprüfung - Teil
Aluminium et ses alliages (ISO 10675-2:2010) 2: Aluminium und seine Legierungen (ISO 10675-2:2010)

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 August 2013.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

© 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 10675-2:2013: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
BS EN ISO 10675-2:2013
EN ISO 10675-2:2013 (E)

Foreword
The text of ISO 10675-2:2010 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44 “Welding and allied
processes” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO
10675-2:2013 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding” the secretariat of which is held by DIN.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by February 2014.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This document supersedes EN 12517-2:2008.

According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

Endorsement notice

The text of ISO 10675-2:2010 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 10675-2:2013 without any modification.

3
 BS EN ISO 10675-2:2013
ISO 10675-2:2010(E)

Contents Page

Foreword.............................................................................................................................................................iv
1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................1
2 Normative references ............................................................................................................................1
3 Radiographic technique ........................................................................................................................1
4 General....................................................................................................................................................2
5 Acceptance levels..................................................................................................................................2
)
Annex A (informative) Guide to the limitations of radiographic testing .......................................................5
A.1 Volumetric imperfections in butt welds...............................................................................................5
A.2 Cracks in butt welds ..............................................................................................................................5
A.3 Planar imperfections in butt welds ......................................................................................................5
Annex B (informative) Examples for determination of percentage (%) of imperfections ............................6
Annex C (informative) Sum of acceptable areas..............................................................................................8
Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................................10

© ISO 2010 – All rights reserved iii

BS EN ISO 10675-2:2013
ISO 10675-2:2010(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 10675-2 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (as EN 12517-2:2008) and was
adopted, under a special “fast-track procedure”, by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied
processes, Subcommittee SC 5, Testing and inspection of welds, in parallel with its approval by the ISO
member bodies.

Request for official interpretations of any aspect of this part of ISO 10675 should be directed to the Secretariat
of ISO/TC 44/SC 5 via your national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at
www.iso.org.

iv © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

 BS EN ISO 10675-2:2013
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10675-2:2010(E)

Non-destructive testing of welds — Acceptance levels for

radiographic testing —
Part 2:
Aluminium and its alloys

1 Scope
This part of ISO 10675 specifies acceptance levels for indications from imperfections in aluminium butt
welds detected by radiographic testing. If agreed, the acceptance levels may be applied to other types of
welds or materials.

The acceptance levels may be related to welding standards, application standards, specifications or codes.

This part of ISO 10675 assumes that the radiographic testing has been carried out in accordance with
ISO 17636.

When assessing whether a weld meets the requirements specified for a weld quality level, the sizes of
imperfections permitted by standards are compared with the dimensions of indications revealed by a
radiograph made of the weld.

2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 6520-1, Welding and allied processes — Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic
materials — Part 1: Fusion welding

ISO 10042, Welding — Arc-welded joints in aluminium and its alloys — Quality levels for imperfections

ISO 17636, Non-destructive examination of welds — Radiographic examination of welded joints

3 Radiographic technique
Depending on the weld quality level, radiographic technique A or B in accordance with ISO 17636 shall be used
as shown in Table 1.

Table 1 — Radiographic testing

Quality levels in Testing techniques and Acceptance levels in

accordance with classes in accordance with accordance with
ISO 10042 ISO 17636 this part of ISO 10675
B B 1
C Ba 2
D A 3
a However, the minimum number of exposure for circumferential weld testing may correspond to the
requirements of class A of ISO 17636.

© ISO 2010 – All rights reserved 1

BS EN ISO 10675-2:2013
ISO 10675-2:2010(E)

4 General
Welded joints should be visually tested in accordance with ISO 17637 and evaluated before radiographic testing.

The acceptance levels in this part of ISO 10675 are basically valid for evaluation of imperfections which
cannot be detected and evaluated by visual testing (Table 2). Surface imperfections (Table 3; such as
undercut and excessive penetration, surface damage, weld spatter, etc.) which due to object geometry cannot
be evaluated, but where the interpreter suspects the ISO 10042 quality levels are not fulfilled, shall be
subject to more specific testing.

When quantification of undercut and/or excessive penetration by radiographic testing is required, specific
procedures using test exposures may be applied in order to establish a basis for approximate quantification in
accordance with the requirements of ISO 10042. This shall be specified.

5 Acceptance levels
The acceptance levels for indications are shown in Tables 2 and 3. The types of imperfections are selected
from ISO 10042 and defined in ISO 6520-1.

The symbols used in Tables 2 and 3 are the following:

A sum of projected areas of indications related to L × wp in %;

b width of excess penetration of weld, in millimetres;

d diameter of pore, in millimetres;

dA diameter of area surrounding a cluster, in millimetres;

h width of indication, the width or height of surface or cross surface imperfection, in millimetres;

l length of indication, in millimetres;

L any 100 mm testing length, in millimetres;

s nominal butt weld thickness, in millimetres;

t material thickness, in millimetres;

wp width of the weld in millimetres;

Σl summary length of imperfections within L.

Any two adjacent imperfections separated by a distance smaller than the major dimension of the smaller
imperfection shall be considered as a single imperfection.

Indications shall not be divided into different ranges L.

2 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

 BS EN ISO 10675-2:2013
ISO 10675-2:2010(E)

Table 2 — Acceptance levels for indications in butt welds

No Type of internal Acceptance level 3 a Acceptance level 2 a Acceptance level 1

imperfections in
accordance with
ISO 6520-1
1 Cracks (100) Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted
2a Gas pores (2011) d ≤ 0,4s, max. 6 mm d ≤ 0,3s, max. 5 mm d ≤ 0,2s, max. 4 mm
2b Porosity (2012) A≤6% A≤2% A≤1%
material thickness L = 100 mm L = 100 mm L = 100 mm
0,5 mm to 3 mm
2c Porosity (2012) A ≤ 10 % A≤4% A≤2%
material thickness L = 100 mm L = 100 mm L = 100 mm
> 3 mm to 12 mm
2d Porosity (2012) A ≤ 15 % A≤6% A≤3%
material thickness L = 100 mm L = 100 mm L = 100 mm
> 12 mm to 30 mm
2e Porosity (2012) A ≤ 20 % A≤8% A≤4%
material thickness L = 100 mm L = 100 mm L = 100 mm
> 30 mm
3b Clustered (localized) dA ≤ 25 mm or dA ≤ 20 mm or dA ≤ 15 mm or
porosity (2013) dA,max ≤ wp dA,max ≤ wp dA,max ≤ wp/2

4c Linear porosity (2014) l ≤ 25 mm Not permitted Not permitted

L = 100 mm
5d Elongated cavities (2015) l ≤ 0,4s, max. 6 mm l < 0,3s, max. 4 mm l < 0,2s, max. 3 mm
and wormholes (2016)
6 Oxide inclusion (303) l < s, max. 10 mm l < 0,5s, max. 5 mm l < 0,2s, max. 3 mm
7 Tungsten inclusions (3041) l < 0,4s, max. 6 mm l < 0,3s, max. 4 mm l < 0,2s, max. 3 mm
8e Lack of fusion (401) Permitted, but only Not permitted Not permitted
intermittently and not
breaking the surface
l ≤ 25 mm,
L = 100 mm
9e Lack of penetration (402) l < 25 mm, Permitted provided Not permitted
L = 100 mm welded from both
sides and not
breaking the surface
l ≤ 25 mm,
L = 100 mm
a Acceptance levels 3 and 2 may be specified with suffix X which denotes that all indications over 25 mm are unacceptable.
b See Annex C, Figure C.1 and Figure C.2 (normative).
c See Annex C, Figure C.3 and Figure C.4 (normative).
d See Annex C, Figure C.5 and Figure C.6 (normative).
e If the length of the weld is below 100 mm, the maximum length of indications shall not exceed 25 % of that weld.

© ISO 2010 – All rights reserved 3

BS EN ISO 10675-2:2013
ISO 10675-2:2010(E)

Table 3 — Surface imperfections: The acceptance levels are those defined for visual testing. These
imperfections are normally evaluated by visual testing

No Type of surface Acceptance level 3 a Acceptance level 2 a Acceptance level 1

imperfections in
accordance with
ISO 6520-1
10 Crater cracks (104) l ≤ 0,4s Not permitted Not permitted
11a Continuous undercut Smooth transition is Smooth transition is Not permitted
(5011) required required
h ≤ 0,2t, max. 1 mm h ≤ 0,1t, max. 0,5 mm
11b Intermittent undercut Smooth transition is Smooth transition is Smooth transition is
(5012) required required required
h ≤ 0,2t, max. 1,5 mm h ≤ 0,1t, max. 1 mm h ≤ 0,1t, max. 0,5 mm
l ≤ 25 mm l ≤ 25 mm l ≤ 25 mm
12 Excess penetration (504) h ≤ 5 mm h ≤ 4 mm h ≤ 3 mm
13 Root concavity (515) l ≤ 25 mm l ≤ 25 mm l ≤ 25 mm
h ≤ 0,2t, max. 1,5 mm h ≤ 0,1t, max. 1 mm h ≤ 0,05t, max.
0,5 mm
14 Shrinkage groove l ≤ 25 mm l ≤ 25 mm l ≤ 25 mm
(5013) h ≤ 0,2t, max. 1,5 mm h ≤ 0,1t, max. 1 mm h ≤ 0,05t, max.
0,5 mm
a Acceptance levels 3 and 2 may be specified with suffix X which denotes that all indications over 25 mm are unacceptable.

4 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

 BS EN ISO 10675-2:2013
ISO 10675-2:2010(E)

Annex A
(informative)

Guide to the limitations of radiographic testing1)

A.1 Volumetric imperfections in butt welds

Porosities and gas pores (2011, 2013, 2015 and 2017)

Wormholes and elongated cavities (2016 and 2015)

Oxide inclusions (303)

Tungsten inclusions (3041)

The above imperfections listed in Table 2 will be readily detected using radiographic technique A or B of
ISO 17636 as shown in Table 1 of this part of ISO 10675.

A.2 Cracks in butt welds

Crater cracks (104)

Cracks (100)

The detectability of cracks by radiographic testing depends on the crack height, the ramification (presence of
branching parts), opening width, direction of the X-ray beam to crack orientation and radiographic technique
parameters.

Reliable detection of all cracks is therefore limited. The use of radiographic technique B or better, as specified
in ISO 17636, will provide better crack detectability than radiographic technique A.

A.3 Planar imperfections in butt welds

Lack of fusion (401)

Lack of penetration (402)

The detection of lack of fusion and lack of penetration depends on characteristics of imperfections and
radiographic technique parameters.

Lack of side wall fusion will probably not be detected (except it is associated with other imperfections such as
slag inclusions) unless it is radiographed in direction of the side wall.

1) The numbers between brackets conform to those used in ISO 6520-1.

© ISO 2010 – All rights reserved 5

BS EN ISO 10675-2:2013
ISO 10675-2:2010(E)

Annex B
(informative)

Examples for determination of percentage (%) of imperfections

The following figures give a presentation of different area percentage (%) of imperfections. This should assist
the assessment of imperfections on radiographs and fracture surfaces.

Figure B.1 — 1 %

Figure B.2 — 2 %

Figure B.3 — 3 %

Figure B.4 — 4 %

Figure B.5 — 6 %

6 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

 BS EN ISO 10675-2:2013
ISO 10675-2:2010(E)

Figure B.6 — 8 %

Figure B.7 — 10 %

Figure B.8 — 15 %

Figure B.9 — 20 %

© ISO 2010 – All rights reserved 7

BS EN ISO 10675-2:2013
ISO 10675-2:2010(E)

Annex C
(informative)

Sum of acceptable areas

Figure C.1 — Clustered porosity, D > d A2

Figure C.2 — Clustered porosity, D = dA2

The sum of the different pore areas (A1+A2….) related to the evaluation area L × wp (Figure C.1).

If D is less than dA1 or dA2, whatever is smaller, an envelope surrounding the porosity area A1+A2 shall be
considered as one area of imperfection (Figure C.2).

Figure C.3 — Linear porosity, D > d2

8 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

 BS EN ISO 10675-2:2013
ISO 10675-2:2010(E)

Figure C.4 — Linear porosity, D = d2

d 2⋅ π d 2⋅ π 
The sum of the different pore areas  1 + 2 + ...  related to the evaluation area L × wp (Figure C.3).
 4 4 
 

If D is smaller than the smaller diameter of one of the neighbouring pores, the full connected area of the two
pores is to be taken into the sum of imperfections (Figure C.4).

Figure C.5 — Elongated cavities and wormholes, D > l3

Figure C.6 — Elongated cavities and wormholes, D = l3

The sum of the length of indications Σl shall be determined for each testing length L (Figure C.5).

If D is smaller than the shorter length of one of the neighbouring imperfections, the full connection of the two
imperfections is to be taken into the sum of imperfections (Figure C.6).

© ISO 2010 – All rights reserved 9

BS EN ISO 10675-2:2013
ISO 10675-2:2010(E)

Bibliography

[1] ISO 17635, Non-destructive testing of welds — General rules for metallic materials

[2] ISO 17637, Non-destructive testing of welds — Visual testing of fusion-welded joints

10 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

BS EN ISO 10675-2:2013
This page deliberately left blank
This page deliberately left blank
NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW

British Standards Institution (BSI)

BSI is the national body responsible for preparing British Standards and other
standards-related publications, information and services.
BSI is incorporated by Royal Charter. British Standards and other standardization
products are published by BSI Standards Limited.

About us Revisions
We bring together business, industry, government, consumers, innovators Our British Standards and other publications are updated by amendment or revision.
and others to shape their combined experience and expertise into standards We continually improve the quality of our products and services to benefit your
-based solutions. business. If you find an inaccuracy or ambiguity within a British Standard or other
The knowledge embodied in our standards has been carefully assembled in BSI publication please inform the Knowledge Centre.
a dependable format and refined through our open consultation process.
Organizations of all sizes and across all sectors choose standards to help Copyright
them achieve their goals. All the data, software and documentation set out in all British Standards and
other BSI publications are the property of and copyrighted by BSI, or some person
Information on standards or entity that owns copyright in the information used (such as the international
We can provide you with the knowledge that your organization needs standardization bodies) and has formally licensed such information to BSI for
to succeed. Find out more about British Standards by visiting our website at commercial publication and use. Except as permitted under the Copyright, Designs
bsigroup.com/standards or contacting our Customer Services team or and Patents Act 1988 no extract may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system
Knowledge Centre. or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, photocopying, recording
or otherwise – without prior written permission from BSI. Details and advice can
Buying standards be obtained from the Copyright & Licensing Department.
You can buy and download PDF versions of BSI publications, including British
and adopted European and international standards, through our website at Useful Contacts:
bsigroup.com/shop, where hard copies can also be purchased. Customer Services
If you need international and foreign standards from other Standards Development Tel: +44 845 086 9001
Organizations, hard copies can be ordered from our Customer Services team. Email (orders): orders@bsigroup.com
Email (enquiries): cservices@bsigroup.com
Subscriptions
Subscriptions
Our range of subscription services are designed to make using standards
Tel: +44 845 086 9001
easier for you. For further information on our subscription products go to
Email: subscriptions@bsigroup.com
bsigroup.com/subscriptions.
With British Standards Online (BSOL) you’ll have instant access to over 55,000 Knowledge Centre
British and adopted European and international standards from your desktop. Tel: +44 20 8996 7004
It’s available 24/7 and is refreshed daily so you’ll always be up to date. Email: knowledgecentre@bsigroup.com
You can keep in touch with standards developments and receive substantial
Copyright & Licensing
discounts on the purchase price of standards, both in single copy and subscription
format, by becoming a BSI Subscribing Member. Tel: +44 20 8996 7070
Email: copyright@bsigroup.com
PLUS is an updating service exclusive to BSI Subscribing Members. You will
automatically receive the latest hard copy of your standards when they’re
revised or replaced.
To find out more about becoming a BSI Subscribing Member and the benefits
of membership, please visit bsigroup.com/shop.
With a Multi-User Network Licence (MUNL) you are able to host standards
publications on your intranet. Licences can cover as few or as many users as you
wish. With updates supplied as soon as they’re available, you can be sure your
documentation is current. For further information, email bsmusales@bsigroup.com.

BSI Group Headquarters

389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL UK