Consumable Booklet
of
Narendra Nath Wig (Chandigarh)
Dwarka Pershad (Chandigarh)
C (Hindi
MIHQ Version)
Santosh Kumar Verma (Chandigarh) (Female Form)
**************************************************************************** *** ******** ***************************************
IN T *********************************************************************** Ar ***********************************************************|
4GL ****************** ********ee**************** ... .
Estd. 1971
: (0562) 2364926
NATIONAL PSYCHOLOGICAL CORPORATION
4/230, KACHERI GHAT, AGRA-282 004
(INDIA)
21 ConsumableBooklet of CMIHQ (Female Form)
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Consumable Bookiei of CMI Health Oueetlonnalre (C MIHO) (Female Form) HIndi Verslon
MANUAAL
For
C.M.I. HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRE
N, N, Wig
MD, DPM, FA.M.S., FRC.. Psy.
Retired Professor of Psychiatry
All India lInstitute of Medical Sciences (AlIMS),
New Delhi
Dwarka Pershad
MA, O M.S.P, Ph.D.
Relired Professor in Clinical PsychologyY
P. G. 1. M. E. R.,
Chandigarh
S. K, Verma
MA.. DM.S.P. D.G.P, Ph.D.
Professor in Clinical Psychology
P.G. I. M. E. R.
Chandigarh
AcHOLOGc
AGRA
E s t d . 1971 (0562) 364926
NATIONAL PSYCHOLOGICAL CORPORATION
KACHERI GHAT, AGRA
-
282 004
4/230,
C. M. I. Health Questionnaire
The Cornell Medical Index, known as C. M. 1.,
IS a
tour-page sheet. The term 'Health
Questionnaire' explains the nafure and
pur
pose of the form to the patient. It contains
195 questions
in informal language, so worded as to be underslood easily
by persons with a reading
knowledge.
Technical terms are avoided. After each question aYes" and a "No"appear; the patient answers
the questions by circling only one. In every tance a "Yes" answer indicates that
the patient
claims to have the symptom. Questions are grouped in sections as shown below. A to lh section is
called physical distress section (pages first to second of the test) and M to R section is called
emotional or psychological distress section (page fourth of the test).
Questions referring to
Section Mode & Feeling Pattern Number of questions
Eyes and ears
Respiratory systemn T8
Cardio-vascular system
Digestive tract 73
Musculo-skeletal system B
Skin
Nervous system 18
Genitourinary system
Fatiguability
Frequency of illness
K Miscellaneous diseases 15
Habits 6
M Inadequacy 12
N
Depression
Anxietety
Sensitivity
Anger
Tensionn
Total 195
There are two forms ofthe CMI,unefor men and the other for women.They are identicalexcept
for six questions in the genitourinary section. The CMI is self administering questionnaire and can
be given to people singly or in groups. The entire form is examined to determine the number of
is to be suspected when more than 25 items are so marked. The
"yes" answers.A serious disorder
distribulion of"yes" answer is noted. If the "yeses"are chieny in one or two sectios. the palien!'s
medical problemprobablyis localize d.liscattered throughout the four pages, Ihe medicalproblem
is likely to be diffused, usually invoiving an emotional disturbance. More than two orthree 'yes"
answers on the last page suggest a psychological disturbance (Broadman et al, 1949).
Need for Hindi Translation of CMI: The CMI has been used extensively by the authorsin
many research proJects sponsored by the ICMR (Wig and Nagpal, 1970; Wahi and Wig. 1970;
Wig and Singh, 1970) and other agencies. During the use of CMI we came across following
difficulties :
. Because of non-availability of standard Hindi version of the test, different research assistants
had been translating the items into differently, when administering on ilierate subjects.
2. Some of the questions of the CMI were not suited to Indian conditions and needed modification
(Table 1).
Manual for C. M. . Heilth
Questionnaire
re \S
TABLE 1
CMI-Cross-cultural comparisions (Physical Section only)
In Psychiatric
Patients
Total No. of Atleast 10% endorsements Common
Section Area
items
In Gibson In Wig&
items
Study Verma Study
Eye and Ear
B Respiration 8
Cardio-Vascular 13 5
D Digestive tract 23
Musculo Skeletal 8
Skin
Neivous systom 8
Genito-Utinary 6
Fatiguability b
Prequency of illness 9
Miscellaneous 15
Habit 6
A-L Total
144 64 (5 16
Source:Wig and Verma (1973)
3 I t was observed that many subjects in our culture endorsed fewer symptoms on CMI than
*ere expected on the basis of clinical interview. It was probably due to the fact that the
language of the test differed from patients own language in which they expressed the same
symptom.
In another
study, Verma and Wig (1974) compared the adult male Indian Psychiatric patients
N=150) with those in U. K. (Shephered et al 1966) on some of the parameters of CMI, like anxiety,
phobia, depression, irritabiity, previous history of psychiatric illness and found that ndian
ychiatric patients
endorse more often items referring to exhausation, fatigue,. general ill health
anxiety, phobia, depression and irritability as compared to those in the West who admit moree
requently of previous psychiatric episodes in the family.
lindi Trauslalivn
The test was, thus, translated into Hindi. It was kept in mind that as far as possible, it should
be in keeping with the patient's own phraseology as used in the clinics. Wherever difficulty was
ezperienced, the head of other medical specialities were consulted to suggest an approximate
Hindi equivalentwhich in their experience the patients use for any
particular symptom (e.g.
iten 38, 72. 77, 101 etc.). Culturally bound items were adapted in a fashion to match with our
culture (items 124 and 144). Item number 20 was omitted as 'hay fever' does not exist in India.
Final draft vwas shown to various experts and was administered on patierts. They were also allowed
to report vihether they had any difficulty to follow the items read to them.
Translated version was correlated against original English form. The two forms were
administered (self administration) on 24 nursing students in ABBA order of presentation.
Correlations between the scores on English and Hindi ranged between 077 to 0-87.Mean number
of items'yeses' on Englísh and Hindi form, however, cdiffered significantly (Table 2).
4 Manual for C. M. 1. Health Qustionnaire
TABLE 2
Distresses Mean
English form Hindi form
Physical Section (A-L) 5:37
Emotional Section (M-R) 7-83 0-77
262 4-71 85
Total distress Score (A-R) 8-00 1254 0 87
Percentage distribution of the subjects in different scoring categories are shown in 'Table 3.
TABLE 33
A-L M-R A-R
Scores
English Hindi English Hindi English Hindi
25+ 9:3 16-2 1:7 22:2 37 2
20-24 6-2 12-4 45 3:8 7-2 114
15-19 7-2 Tl4 6-2 86 145 7-6
10-14 152 162 12 20-0 17-9 133
5-9 26 2 21-9 30-0 295 19-6 20'2
0-4 35-9 9 455 381 186 10-5
l1-4 5-2 6-7 12-6 18-6
Median 7-3
in Hindi (No standard Hindi available at that
English:-£nglish form
administered individually
time) o n 290 females opling tor tubectomy.
adininistered o n the subjecis irom the same population but
Hindi:-Hindi translated v e r s i o n
N= 105.
not the s a m e subjects
TABLE 4
Mean scores on CMI-dilterent samples*
A-L Section M-R Section
N
Samples (1l adult) SD Mean SD
Mean
6-70 6-25 4 25
40 13-00
TB.patients 13-25 11-47 9-02
180 23-8
Cardiac patienis 7:72 8:30
Chest disease patients B8 16 63 30
4-28 5-75
121 8-35 9-86
Vasectomy cases
be considered normal)
(rnay
reproduced from Moudgil and Pershad, 1972.
TABLE S
CMI scores on student population
Research group
Control group
(passed) (failed)
CMI Scores
(N=41) (N=41)
2-20 0-05
10-5 (S.D. 7-4) 14-6 (S.D. 10-5)
Physical Distress (A-L) 1:31 n . S:
Psychological Distress (M-R) 8-5 (S.D. 6-6) 107 (S.D. 8-4) -70 .
18-6 (S.D. 12-1) 25:3 (S.D. 17-9) .
Total Distress (A-R)
*Source:Wig and Nagpal (1970)
Manual for C. M. 1. Health Queslionnaire | 5
Adminístration and Scoring : CMI-Hindi form can be used as a test or as an objective
interview technique. Since the language is simple, unambiguous and self explanatory, it can be
used in any form
of administration. Each'yes' ansvwered item is counted and may be considered
as score.
A to L Section (i.e. first three pages or items I to 144) is considered as 'Physical Distress
Section.
M to R Section : (1 c. last pagc or items 145 to 195) is considered as 'Tmotinnal Distress
Section.
Ato R
Section : (1.e. all the 4 pages, may be considered as Total Distress' and score on it as
Total Distress Score'.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Broadnian. K., Exdmann, A. J. and Wolif, M. G. (1949). Manual CMI-Health Ouestionnaire, Corneil
Unversity. Medical Colilege. New York.
Moudg1l. A. C. and Pershad, D. (1972). Psycho-social survey of tuberculosis patients of a
sanatorium, indian Journal of Tuberculosis, 14:34-38.
Fershad. D. Verma. S. K.: Wig. N. N. and Wahi, P. L. (1972). Measures of neuroticism and
prediction of psychiatric disturbances in patients awaiting cardiac surgery. Indian J. of
Psychiauy 14: 131-135.
Pershad. D.: Isaat, R. P. and Wig, N. N. (1975). Some experiences with Hindi translation of CMI
Health Ouestionnaire. Indian Psychological Review, 12:37-40.
Verma. S. K. (1974). The difficulty levels of some personality tests in Hindi. Indian J. of Clhnical
Psychoiogy 1: 15-18.
ema, S. K.. Wig. N. N. and Pershad, D. (1974). A comparative sludy of medical and psychiatric
patients in india on Cornell medical Index. Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology. 1:
04-108. and 109-118.
Verma. S. K. and Wig. N. N. (1974). A cross-cultural comparison of psychiatric patients on some
of the parameters of Cornell Medical Index, Manas 21 (2), 17-25.
Wahu. P. L. and Wig. N. N. (1970). A study of neuro-psychiatrie symptoms associated with cardic
Ssurgery. I.c.M.R. Research Report.
Wg. NN. and Hagpal. R. N. (1970). A Study of Mental Health in Failing University Students.
I CM.R
Research Report.
Wig.N. N arnd Singh, 5. (1970). A Personality Study of Loop and Vasectomy Cases; I.C.M.R.
Researcn Keport.
Wig.N. N. and Verma, S. K. (1973). A croSs culural study of Psychiatric patients on C.M.I., Indian
. of Psychiatry; 15 :363-366.
Wig, N. N., Pershad, D., Verma, S. K. and Menon, D. K. (1977). Usefulness of certain
personality
tests for
19 (3) :
prediction
55-59.
of Psychiatric disturbance, following tuballigation; IndianJ. of Psychiatry:
2002. All rights reserved. Reproduction in any lorm is a violation of Copyright Act.
Manual for C. M. 1. Health Questionnaire (C.M.I.H.O).
