CLEAN WATER & SANITATION
BY :
IRGI MUHAMMAD SAPUTRA
IZZA KHALISA MADANIYAH
SARAH AZIZAH WIRATAMA
MUHAMMAD IRFAN KURNIAWAN
Clean water and sanitation
Safe and readily available water is important for public health, whether it is used for drinking,
domestic use, food production or recreational purposes. Improved water supply and sanitation,
and better management of water resources, can boost countries’ economic growth and can
contribute greatly to poverty reduction.
In 2010, the UN General Assembly explicitly recognized the human right to water and sanitation.
Everyone has the right to sufficient, continuous, safe, acceptable, physically accessible, and
affordable water for personal and domestic use.
Water scarcity affects more than 40 percent of people, an alarming figure that is projected to rise
as temperatures do. Although 2.1 billion people have improved water sanitation since 1990,
dwindling drinking water supplies are affecting every continent.
More and more countries are experiencing water stress, and increasing drought and
desertification is already worsening these trends. By 2050, it is projected that at least one in four
people will suffer recurring water shortages.
Safe and affordable drinking water for all by 2030 requires we invest in adequate infrastructure,
provide sanitation facilities, and encourage hygiene. Protecting and restoring water-related
ecosystems is essential.
Ensuring universal safe and affordable drinking water involves reaching over 800 million people
who lack basic services and improving accessibility and safety of services for over two billion.
In 2015, 4.5 billion people lacked safely managed sanitation services (with adequately disposed
or treated excreta) and 2.3 billion lacked even basic sanitation.
Contaminated water and poor sanitation are linked to transmission of diseases such as cholera,
diarrhoea, dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid, and polio. Absent, inadequate, or inappropriately
managed water and sanitation services expose individuals to preventable health risks.
Some 829 000 people are estimated to die each year from diarrhoea as a result of unsafe
drinking-water, sanitation, and hand hygiene. Yet diarrhoea is largely preventable, and the deaths
of 297 000 children aged under 5 years could be avoided each year if these risk factors were
addressed. Where water is not readily available, people may decide handwashing is not a
priority, thereby adding to the likelihood of diarrhoea and other diseases.
Diarrhoea is the most widely known disease linked to contaminated food and water but there are
other hazards. In 2017, over 220 million people required preventative treatment for
schistosomiasis – an acute and chronic disease caused by parasitic worms contracted through
exposure to infested water.
In many parts of the world, insects that live or breed in water carry and transmit diseases such as
dengue fever. Some of these insects, known as vectors, breed in clean, rather than dirty water,
and household drinking water containers can serve as breeding grounds. The simple intervention
of covering water storage containers can reduce vector breeding and may also reduce faecal
contamination of water at the household level.
So, what should we do to stop this problem. Here are some possible things that we can do :
[17:29, 4/3/2021] sarah: 1. Stop Littering
From now on, stop littering and dispose of domestic waste such as detergent at water sources.
Remember you have to look after each other and remind fellow humans to conserve clean water
resources,
2. Creating a water catchment area
One of the ways to maintain and conserve clean water is to provide a special place or area for
water catchment.The areas that you can use are gardens planted with trees.This is because trees
are one of the best natural filters to preserve clean water.
3. Making Biopori
Making biopores requires the help of soil biota.The benefit that you will feel is that biopores can
help the area become greener as well as solutions to overcome floods. In addition, by making
biopore holes, you will have at least made room to "dispose" of organic waste in the house.
4. Make Rainwater Harvesting
Rainwater harvesting is a water conservation method that can be used by communities in
households. Ecologically, according to Worm, Janette & Hattum, the van team. One of the
benefits of rain harvesting is that people will get clear water of higher quality.
5. Promoting the Tree Planting Movement
We can easily socialize at this time through social media such as Instagram, Twitter, Facebook,
blogs, or other websites.With this media, we can participate actively in supporting programs for
the preservation of clean water resources by providing education to the community.
6. Promote a Water Saving Movement
As explained above, wasteful use of water is one of the factors causing the clean water crisis.
Therefore, do it with your friends to promote a water-saving movement so that people outside are
more aware about saving clean water.
7. Land conservation
Land conservation is a series of strategies to prevent soil erosion from the earth's surface.Usually
there are chemical or biological changes that result from overuse, acidification or contamination.
8. Forest and Watershed Conservation
Currently, many watersheds (DAS) are used as settlements and landfills.
Facts and figures
5.2 billion
71 percent of the global population, 5.2 billion people, had safely-managed drinking water in
2015, but 844 million people still lacked even basic drinking water.
2.9 billion
39 percent of the global population, 2.9 billion people, had safe sanitation in 2015, but 2.3 billion
people still lacked basic sanitation. 892 million people practiced open defecation.
80%
80 percent of wastewater goes into waterways without adequate treatment.
2 billion
Water stress affects more than 2 billion people, with this figure projected to increase.
80%
80 percent of countries have laid the foundations for integrated water resources management.
70%
The world has lost 70 percent of its natural wetlands over the last century.
