ESSENTIAL OILS
A project by Shrikanth Pillai XII B
12th GRADE CHEMISTRY
Acknowledgement
Primarily I would like to thank God for being able to complete this
project with success. Then I would like to thank my physics
teacher Ms. Rajshree whose valuable guidance has been the
ones that helped me to patch this project and make it full proof
success. Her suggestions and instructions have served as the
major contributor towards the competition of this project.
Then I would like to thank my parents and classmates who have
helped me with their valuable suggestions and feedback which
was very valuable during various phases of the project
completion.
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INDEX
Basic Principles
Introduction
Experiment
Bibliography
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INTRODUCTION
Essential oils are compounds extracted from plants. These oils can be
identified from the aromas that they produce in plants. So most of the
plants that we say have a good aroma, is due to the corresponding essential
oil present in it. Some plants that have essential oils are Cinnamon, clove,
cumin, eucalyptus, garlic, jasmine, peppermint, rose, sandalwood,
spearmint, thyme, and wintergreen.
The term "essential oils" means oils derived from the essence of plants.
The distinctive aromatic composition gives every essential oil its unique
and individual aroma.These oils are mostly used in medicines, foods and
perfume. It is even used in insect repellants. The oils are mostly
concentrated in the seeds and are extracted through distillation.
Distillation is separation of 2 or more compounds with different boiling
points. In this way the volatile compounds are separated from the
non-volatile ones.
Essential oils are composed of various hydrocarbons such as esters,
alcohols, ketones etc. These oils are complex mixtures that may contain
over 300 different compounds
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EXPERIMENT
AIM: EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL
PRESENT IN ELAICHI(CARDAMOM)
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CARDAMOM (ELAICHI) OIL
Botanical Name: Elettaria cardamonum
Common Method Of Extraction: Steam Distillation
Aroma: Very complex and smooth spice aroma
Color: Pale Green
Extraction:
Cardamom oil is extracted using steam distillation method. For this,seeds of
the fruit are used just before they ripe. The yield through this process is
normally 1 to 5 per cent.
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Chemical Composition:
Cardamom oil contains sabinene, myrcene, a-pinene, b-pinene, a
phellandrene, limonene, p-cymene, terpinolene, 1,8-cineole, y-terpinene,
linalool, linalyl acetate, a-terpineol acetate, citronellol, nerol, terpinen-4-oil,
a terpineol, geraniol, methyl eugenol and trans-nerolidol.
Uses:
Cardamom oil has a vast range of usage for treatment of sciatica,coughs,
abdominal pains, spasm and nervous disorders. Traditionally, it has been
used for pulmonary disease, fever, digestive and urinary problems in India
and China for over 3000 years. It is also used to flavor pharmaceutical
products. Apart from pharmaceutical usage, cardamom oil is also used as a
fragrance in soaps, perfumes and cosmetic products. It is also one of the
important spices in Indian households, it is used in preparation of various
foods.
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Materials Required
● Steam generator (Copper Vessel)
● Round bottom flask (500 ml)
● Conical flask
● Condenser
● Glass tubes
● Iron stand
● Sand bath
● Separatory funnel
● Tripod stands
● Burners
● Cardamom(Elaichi)
● Petroleum ether(60-80°C)
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Procedure
● Set the apparatus as shown in the picture of Experimental Setup. The
apparatus consists of a steam generator connected to the round
bottom flask through a glass inlet tube. The flask is connected to a
water condenser through a glass outlet tube. Condenser is further
attached to a receiver through an adapter.
● Take about 750 ml of water in the steam generator and start heating
to produce steam.
● In the round bottom flask take about 75 gm of crushed saunf.
● A vigorous current of steam from the steam generator is passed
through the round bottom flask.
● A part of the steam condenses in the round bottom flask. As more
and more steam is passed, the steam volatile components of saunf
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pass through the condenser along with steam. These contents of
condensation are collected in the receiver.
● The contents in the round bottom flask may be heated by a bunsen
burner to prevent excessive condensation of steam.
● The process of steam distillation is continued for about half an hour.
● Transfer the distillate to a separating funnel and extract with 20 ml
portions of petroleum ether 3 times.
● Combine the petroleum ether extracts in a 250 ml conical flask and
dry it with the help of anhydrous sodium sulfate.
● Remove the solvent from the dried filtrate by careful distillation in a
water bath. The essential oil is left behind in the distillation flask.
● Find the weight of the extracted essential oil.
Observations
Weight of Elaichi taken =
Initial Weight of the bottle = (x)=
Weight of bottle + essential oil = (y)=
Weight of essential oil extracted =(y-x) =
Percentage of essential oil = (y/100)*100=
Color of the oil =
Odor of the oil =
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Conclusion
Precautions
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Bibliography
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardamom
https://byjus.com/
https://images.google.com/
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