—_ 4 Our changing world = Future forms * Prepositions — adjective + prepositions * Modal auxiliary verbs ~ may, might, could Future forms IS IT THE END FOR MANY o: Recognizing tenses CALIFORNIAN FARMERS? Read the text. Use the future verb forms in italics to complete the chart. be ‘many other farmers in California, rice farmer Mike DeWit is facing huge prediction with will (x3) prediction with wont (x1) wl farm problems caused by the severe droughts of the past few years. prediction with going to (x2) This year, because of water intention/plan with (not) going to (x2) restrictions, DeWit wil farm less than 40% ofthe fields he farmed two years ago. This means he's ot going torent another tractor, he’s not hiring a driver, and he's no going to | buy as much fertilize. In short, DeWit won't produce as much rice to be possibilty with may (x2) ‘Processed and sold and he i going to les money, and his reduced crop és _g0ing io havea disastrous effect on other people in the industry. Overall, the University of California, Davis estimates tha the (California farming industry will se $2.7 billion and over 18,000 jobs al this year alone. Next year might prove to be worse. possibility with could (x3) Climate scientists predict more trouble in the ature: rising ‘temperatures will sult in drier land and longer, more severe droughts. ‘This may lead to crop shortages, which could ease food prices to tise. If greenhouse gas emissions are not controlled, California could ‘experience a “megadrought” ~ a drought far worse than any the US. has ever seen. It’s hare to be optimistic in the face of such predictions, but many California farmers, and scientist, remain hopeful. New technology ‘could help farmers conserve and use water more effcientiy in the future. Some believe that hydroponics ~ growing plants in water in greenhouses, which uses ten times ess water than growing them in a field — might offera solution to the problem. ‘Whatever the solution might be, if farmers dont find it soon, the US. ‘may fase food crisis of epic proportions in just afew years, arrangement with someone — Present Continuous (x1) possibility with might (x3) 30. Unit S + Our changing worldwill 2. Predictions Write the sentences with will and the prompts, 1 You've been studying so hard. T/sure/ you! pass/ exam, fos sure you'l pase your exam. 2. I think/ go/bed soon. Ihave to be up early tomorrow. 3. You don't need your umbrella. 1/ not/ think/it/ rain today. 4. Tim going to an elegant restaurant tonight. [ wonder if / meet anyone famous, 5 You could ask Jack for some money, but 1/not/ think/he/lend you any. 6 Are you seeing that new movie tonight? I/sure/ you, not like it. Its very violent. 7 T'lhave some soup ready for you. I expect you/be/ hungry after your trip. 10 Brazil will win the game. @: Questions and negatives Write the questions with will and the prompts in parentheses. 1 So you're going on vacation! (When /back?) Whe ll you be back? 2 So you finished your exams. (When /results?) 3. So you ran out of money! (How pay bills?) 4 So you're going to live on an island! (What /eat?) 5. So Peters giving youa ride tothe party! (How /home?) Complete the negatives with wor't to express the same idea. 6 Tilpass. won't ail 7 They'll arrive on time. belate. 8. Hell remember your birthday. 9. You'll hate the movie. enjoy the movie. Offering to help Make offers with I'l 1 It’s so hot in here! Uh epen the window, 2 Pmso thirsty. 3 ‘Theres someone at the door. 4 Idont have any money, 8 Ita good idea, but I/ not think/it/ work. 5 Tcan't do the homework. Unit § + Ourchanging world 31going to 5. What's going to happen? Look at the pictures. Write what is going to happen. He going to get a haircut B oars Palviators 2a will or going to? 6 Planned or spontaneous? ‘Complete the conversations with will or going to and the verb in parentheses. Use the most natural form. 1 A B A B a> > A Why are you wearing your old clothes? Because I _"masing to wash_ (wash) the cat. Thave a headache. Do you have any aspirin? Yes, they're in the bathroom. 1 (get) some for you. Dont forget to tell me if can help you. ‘Thank you. I (give) you a call if think of anything, Why are you making sandwiches? Because we (have) a picnic on the beach. What a great idea! 1 towels and the swimsuits. T'm going now! Bye! Bye! What time (be) back tonight? I don't know. 1 (get) the you (call) you later. 32. Unit S + Our changing world 6A B > You still have my book. Did you forget? Pm sorry. Yes, I forgot. 1 (give) it back to you tomorrow. Dad, can you lend me $10, please? I (give) it back tomorrow. I don't know. What you (do)? 1___ (see) a movie with Tina and N Your exams start in two weeks. When you (start) studying? You havent started studying yet. Tknow. 1 (study) tonight You're going out tonight. 1 (start) tomorrow night, then.Qe Present Continuous Complete the conversation with the Present Continuous form of the verbs in the box. invite come have make stay get bring give travel deliver ‘A. Can you keep a secret? B Yes of couse. What is it? ‘A (I) tm having a surprise party for Rosa next Saturday. It’sher thirtieth birthday BA suprise party! That be dificult to arange without her knowing, Who(2)_____you_? ‘A. Everybody. All our friends, he friends from work, ll her family, even two aunts from Mexico. They (3)______upon rida evening and they (4) ____ with cousins, B_ What about the food and drinks? Where (5). you __ that from? A Itsall arranged. Marcello restaurant (6) all kinds of food on Saturday afternoon, and their chef a. even, a special birthday cake With pink icing and sugar flowers B Excelent! And what (8) you Rosa for her birthday? Did you get her a good present? ‘A. Ohyes!| booked a very special vacation, A week for two in Ball We (9) first class, and we (10)__ina five-star hotel. B That's great idea Very nicl | can see that yout going to.enjoy her birthday, too! Am invited to this party? ‘A. Of couse. But keep ita secret! © ® Listen and check. Expressing the future o: will, going to, or the Present Continuous? Choose the correct form of the verb. 1A Do you have a toothache again? B_Oooh! Its agony! But I see/‘m seeing the dentist this afternoon. Have you booked your vacation? Yes, we have. We're going/ ll go to Thailand. What a beautiful day! Not a cloud in the sky! But the weather forecast says its raining/ '5 going to rain. Please don't tell anyone. Its a secret. Dont worry. We wont tell re not telling anybody. I don't have enough money to pay for my ticket, Its OK. I'm going to lend/ il lend you some. ‘You two look really shocked. What's the matter? ‘We just found out that we'l have re having twins! I thought youd just bought a new dishwasher. We did. It being/ will be delivered tomorrow. Can you meet me after work? Td love to, but John’ taking/ 1 take me out for dinner tonight. a> w> wp wp a> ab D> may/might/ could for possibility 9. We may go to Thailand Complete the sentences using the prompts. 1 We haver't decided what we're doing (may ~ go to ‘Thailand / Hawaii) We may go to Thailand, oF we may goto Hawai, 2 Let's go and see that new movie. (could ~ be good /be terrible) 3. Kate doesn't know what she wants to do when she grows up. (might — be a doctor /vet) 4 Tcantt decide which car I want (may ~ buy a Ford/Toyota) 5 There are two things Id like to see on TV tonight. (could ~ watch a movie? the game) Unit S + Ourchanging world 33All future forms 10 The lottery winners Q: Complete the text about the lottery winners using the future verb forms a-m, a isbuying 4 might also upgrade gis donating | are puting 1 ‘egoingtogive are goingtospend —& won't change h willhelp ke ist leaving im will contioue © ‘lve f mayuse i may movein What would you do if you won the lottery? Would it change your life? Joc and Rhonda Meath, winners of $11.7 milion in the [Minnesota Lottery insist that it (1) — theirs. "They're just ordinary people, they say, and they (2) their lives as they always have. Rhonda, 51, is a waitress, and she (3) — her job. She loves working at the Lake Elmo Inn, and her customers and coworkers love her, t00. Joe, 53, has been retired for a few years since he injured his back, but he still helps his community by plowing snow in the winter: Instead of changing their own lives, it seems like the ‘Meaths (4) the people around them. They (5) — money aside for their children and grandchildren, and Joe (6) —a house for his mother, Rhonda (7) _ money to the St. Paul Police Canine Foundation, a local organization that trains police dogs, where she (8) — to volunteer. In addition, they (9) — $15,000 to the girl who sold them the winning ticket, ‘when she graduates high school to help her with college expenses, Of course, the Meaths (10) some of the money on themselves. They (11) __ some of it ro support their hobbies (Joe enjoys hunting, and Rhonda raises and shows German ottery Winners just “Ordinary People ee 7s shepherds at dog shows). They (12) — their cars: Rhonda ‘would like a new van to transport her dogs, and Joe is thinking about getting an RV.* However, instead of buying a hhuge new mansion to live in, the Meaths (13) to a smaller home. In the meantime, the new millionaires are just trying to get ‘on with their usual routines. They're just ordinary people, after alll “a large vehicle with kitchen, bathroom, and beds inside for traveling snd camping Here are the answers to some questions about the Meaths. Write the questions. How will winning the lottery change thelr ves z z z z 34 Unit + Our changing world "They say it wor't change their lives. Because she loves her job. For their children and grandchildren, Anew house ‘When she graduates high school An RV,Prepositions TI Adjective + preposition o Li n Complete these sentences using of or with. 1 You must be fed up _ listening to me complaining about my work ~ how has your o: day been? @ 2 Tve always been jealous people who can sing well. Even my cat leaves the room when I start singing. 3. I've puta lot of work into this essay, and I'm really proud it. 1 thought I was getting a toothache, but the dentist said there’ nothing wrong my teeth at all. Complete these sentences using about or for. 1 feel really sorry Lucy. First day of her vacation and she has the flu, 2 Are youseri starting your own business? Its a very risky thing to do, you know. 3. Were very excited going to Egypt. We've always wanted to see the pyramids. 4 I think it was Van Gogh who was famous painting sunflowers, wasnt it? Complete these sentences using in oF to. 1 Are you and Jim interested tennis? I think T can get some tickets for the US. Open next week. 2. You dont look at all similar _ Mark. It’s difficult to believe he's your brother. 3. Who's that woman over there dressed I want someone to introduce me to her. black? @: Complete these sentences with the correct preposition. ‘Thank you so much. I'll never forget how kind you've been____me, 1 A Did you try that new Italian restaurant? B Yeah. The food was OK, but I wasn't satisfied the service. 2 Ws typical do the dishes! 3A. Excuse me, could you tell me where the post office is? B I'm sorry, Pm not familiar 4A Good morning. Grantech Solutions B Hello. 1d like to speak to the person responsible recruitment, please, Bob to disappear when its time to his area myself. w istening Friends of the earth @ Listen to three students, Debbie, Jake, and Steve, discussing whether to go toa protest at the local airport. Are these sentences true (/) or false (X)? Correct the false ones. 1. The airport already has two runways. Air travel accounts for 15% of carbon dioxide emissions. ‘There is twice as much air travel as there was 15 years ago. ‘The protest will produce its own energy needs. ‘They decide to go to the protest on Tuesday. 2 3 Complete the lines from the conversation with the correct future form, 1 He (meet) his counselor this afternoon to talk about changing majors. ‘Well, o be honest, I'm not so sure a protest (make) a difference on (ban) air travel one. + you think they. some day soon, do you? ar illegal oF violent Tdon't know (not get) involved in anything s legal or illegal, but P'm sure it (be) completely non-violent. 61 (pick) you both up at 10:00, (B Listen again and check SPOTLIGHT ON FESS oto ichecker Online Self-Assessment for test preparation lessons.as What matters to me Information questions + Adjectives and adverbs + Antonyms ‘+ Phrasal verbs in context + Word stress Question forms Tee ee en 1 Matching questions and answers al in the correct place. 2 How log have you bee painting and sculpting? bb Whatareyouinspired by? © Which ais hasinfluenced you the most? 4. Whose genes dd youinhert? ve with? nan Cit © Whodo you bre wil? ‘We chat with up-and-coming artist Simén Gutiérrez Loza Whats your partment ike? about bis life and his werk What ke ving in Mar? fh How much time do you spendin your 1 My cousin and his best friend stud every dy? : PO vo outa eit 2 ———_ Hmm. Thars a tough question. Probably Plauso. |, How many pieces have yousol? 3 —_imalways showing my work somewhere ~in coffee b Wewndii ie shops, galleries, or outdoors on the walls 0 ern as youn inWynwood, the art district. | Wht plans do you have forthe future? 4 Alltypes of people. 1 try not to price my work too @: Find a question in exercise 1 wit high. I want it to be accesible 5 t's amazing! 1's very international, and there’ banasae Thige at seenc here Alo, Clove the weather. O what + noun 6 I want to travel around the world find new which than inspiration and maybe learn some new techniques whoie + nom 7 __|_ Tm defintely ore he voy mother She's very Md Gkesee ceestine Mj tie waesuctnrcee exict how much and organized. how many 8 since 1 was two years old I've always loved creating g Q ——_rrmnoe sure, but more than 300. 10 Anywhere from 15 minutes to 16 hours! Ic depends ‘on my mood and what I'm working on, 11 t's modem, and very cool. OF course, there are paintings and sculptures in every root, 12 —____ Nature... but also the human condition. Some of my work is political 36 Unit 6 + What matters tomeQuestions o Questions with what / which / whose Write a question with what/which/ whose + noun, 1 Do you want to get up at 6:00? 7.007 8:00? What time do you want to get up? 2 Are you looking for a small shirt? Medium? Large? 3. Isthis Jane’ coat? Annie's? Henry’? 4 Is your wife Brazilian? Spanish? Lebanese? 5 Do you read The Times? The Post? USA Today? 6 Do you like classical music? Rock'n’ roll? Jazz? 7 Did you go to Oxford University? The Sorbonne? Harvard? 8 Is your phone an LG? A Samsung? A Motorola? 9 Isit the 39 bus that goes to the station? The 1 Questions with how: ‘Write a question with how + adjective / adverb. How long is the Panama Canal?” “About fifty miles from the Atlantic to the Pacific.” 5 from your house to school?” “About three miles” does it take you to get to school?” “Forty-five minutes ifthe traffic is OK” a can your car go?” “The top speed is 150 mph” *__ time do you spend watching TV?" “T guess about four hours a day” ' times have you been on a plane?” “Three” do you go to the dentist?” “Three or four times a year” «__ have you known your girlfriend?” “We were in school together, so all my life” are your” “Tm 6 feet tall” i did your baby weigh when she was born?” “7 pounds 5 ounces” ore Gp Wwe esto Match a question in A with an answer in B. 10 Is this my dictionary or your dictionary? 11 Is your house number 32 Number 33? 12. Do you want this one or that one? A 1 [B] What does this button do? 2 [7] Whats this remote control for? 3. [C] What are your parents lite? 4 EL) How are your parents? 5. [L] What are tenis rackets made of these days? 6 (1 You shouted at him? What did you do that for? 7 (_) How many of you are there? 8 [1] What id you do to you leg? Graphite and titanium, It sets the timer. If you count the kids, there are ten of us. ‘Theyie fine, thanks Itwisted my ankle playing basketball Because he was realy annoying mel It controls the stereo system. 1 Theyre alot of fun. Not too embarrassing eee A HS Unit 6 + What matters tome 37@: Questions with a preposition o: Questions in context Complete the questions with a preposition at the end. Look at Kathy's profile on her website 10 A > per ee Por pee Poh Poh heh Pe he Write the questions. I think Jamie's in love. Who _Ishe_in love with 7 | Beth, of course. He’ crazy about her: } Dad, can I have the car tonight? | What ___wantit Tm going out with a couple of friends. Is that OK? “Theres someone's phone on the table. Who belon 2 * belons: profile 1's mine. Thanks. Jack’ granddad died last week scantoa Aae Oh, no! What —___ die _ OccuraTiON student sTuowmo — Paychology svbesctstiacls ‘wien Emory Univerty Tam REALLY angry. anrinay ocho 156 RELATIONS ingle ‘What —_— so angry; 2 lives wir 3 friends My bank has charged me $20 for being 50 cents aie town overdrawn, ons irown weiewt st" Pierre's the CEO of a European company. ont ae Really? Who work? PEARANCE glamorous Allgemeine Union. nee de pa nn ow il ‘We carit go yet! Not everyone's here, mo Who —_____ waiting __? Anna. She’ getting ready. Doyoulifay new dent Ay i Wikere gasses ‘ Where fF ———_ i 2 What does she do 2 Beebo’ at the mal 5 : Mary got married last weekend. 4 Which ai Really! Who ____get married __? 5 A guy she metiin Japan. 6 Thad great conversation with Joe the other day. 7 Oh, yes? What talk ___? 8 2 His relationship with his boss. Very interesting, 9 2 10 How 11 What sort 2 look like? B like as a person? u like doing? 15 What kind 38 Unit 6 + What matters tomeTenses and questions 7 Aplace of my own @ Read about Sicily’ tiny house. Put the verb forms from the box in the correct place in the text. cruel 3 | bad-tempered gram attention sociable preparation 4) second-hand d fusy 5) smart @ modest 1 iam On apartment international customer 7 [1 bigheaded i 4 personal intelligent surprising @ ‘Complete the sentences with a word from the boxes in, exercise | 1 A “Heisrit very polite, is he?” B “No. In fact, he’s incredibly rude.” “They need to modernize the way they work” B “True. Some of their business practices are very amping is not a relaxing vacation, is it?” B “That’ true. Itsa very ‘way of spending a vacation.” “Jane’s such alazy person” B “Strange. Her brother is very 5 You cant wear jeans to an interview! You have to look 6 My girlfriend gets angry about everything, Shes so 7 Georges kids are such eaters, They dont eat bread, or cheese, or anything green. They only eat pasta. 8A “Tmso stupid. Iran out of gus on the highway” B “Yeah, that wasrit very 9 Pete's always talking about how much money he has, the fabulous vacations he takes, and how intelligent he is He's so. 1 know Pete has money, but really he isnt that He owes the bank a lot. @ Listen again and repeat Complete the sentences with another form of the word in bold, Mark the /a/ sound in both words. 1 Tlove his photdgraphs. He's definitely my Yol_/al jal favorite photographer. 2 Dave studied politics in college, but he never wanted to become a 3. Technology advances so quickly these days It’s impossible to imagine what changes there will be in the next 20 years. 4. Bill doesn’t seem to like vegetables. I canit understand why he's a. 5. ‘Ihe role of employment agencies is to help find suitable workers. 6 [know anything's possible in soccer, but do you think the US. ever winning the World Cup isa real z @ Listen and check. Repeat the sentences, paying attention to the /a/ sounds in both words. Unit 6 + What matterstome 41Phrasal verbs @ Phrasal verbs in context (I) ‘Complete the conversations with a phrasal verb from the box in the correct form, The definitions in parentheses will help you. Tips Relationships getgoing pickup holon —_getin putup: splitup get over go out (with someone) ‘Yue arving in New York next Monday, right? ‘A. Did you hear that Sam and Dee have (9) Yes, that right. (erd arelationship, separate)? 111q) you ___ come and gt) if youl. B Realy? They've been (0) (be boyftiend and That would be great sgiftiend) for years! What went wong? ‘What time does your tran (2) ferivey? ‘A. Sam sid al they did was argue, and he couldn't (0) 6) (Wait ljst check onthe ticket: Um. 545. (tlrate)it anymore. Dee apparels very upset (OK. The trafic’ bad at that time, but (4) B_ Imsure she's, but shel (2) {begin to feel better it (leave the house) at about 500? ll be there in plenty of time. He wasn’ that grat. Moving. ‘Hurry up! ‘getdownto bringup workout). settlein ] [holdup goon about clmdown come on ‘A. |hear you ust moved. How (5) you (adapt toyour =A (8). (hry upy Were ate! ‘new surroundings)? B Allright! Theresno need to panic (I), become less B Not bad saat chat, ot hard (6) agtatedl (nally start doing) work. A And the kids? Well, we moved tothe country because we dirt want to (7) them _ {educate and care fot) in the city. Theyre finding it tough right now. They let ther friends behind Fim sure it wil all) (get better) Give it time > ‘A. Get moving! How long does it take you to get ready? B There’ no need to (5). {talk endlessly in an annoying vay) it, Im moving a ast. as can ‘A. But we might get (16) Then wei be really late (rake late) in trafic. Listening 13 My favorite room 1 @ Listen to Dan and Laura talking about their favorite room in their homes. Complete the chart o Choose the correct answer, 1 It feels so good/ well to have more space. 2... especially when the kids are being notsy/ noisily. 3 That sounds wonderful wonderfully old-fashioned! 4... when I want to read, or even to just sit quiet | quietly on my own for a while. 5... blues can be quite cold if you don't choose carefal/ carefully. 6... ifyou cant find anything you like in the stores, you have to get creative/ creatively, don't you? 7... even in winter, especially in the morning when the sun shines straight /straightly into it. Dan laura Room “attic room f Size pretty big Flooring wooden, floorboards Wall color a warm shade of blue tee ers Windows hhuge bay window 8 [like to wake up slow/ slowly as I watch the first people setting off for work. @ Listen again and check. ) SPOTLIGHT ON ESQ Goto ichecker Online Self-Assessment for test preparation lessons.a= Fashions and passions Present Perfect Simple and Continuous ~ active and passive + Prepositions -noun + preposition * beand have + sentence stress Present Perfect or Simple Past? 1 Who's who? Match the sentences with the people J. K. ROWLING 1965- @ How many Harry Potter books/write? A. 1 [B] Hestved inNNew York since 2010. His blog Huns of New Yorkhas bbeen very successful @ How long/live in New York? 2.) Shemaried thee times. She ded when she was 36 3, C1) shehas won several awards for both SELENA GOMEZ 1992- her acting and singing careers 41) She been withthe American Ballet Theater since 2000, but she's danced tallet since she was 3 BRANDON STANTON 1984~ Q What awards / win? 5. (1) She's written seven Harry Potter books. pAmienmonnoS toast? | ‘She’ been writing stories since 197 Q How many times / married? 6 1 She wrote Pride and Prejudice when she wasn he twenties 7 71 He was one of the mest infiuental BOB MARLEY 1945-1981 filmmakers of is time. He directed 30 Fis during his career. BH QWhose band called The Wailers? | 8 [1] Hisband was called The Wailers. He did of a brain tumor at the age of 6 AKIRA KUROSAWA 1910-1998 @ Complete the questions about the A Howimeny movies/ male people using the Present Perfect or the Simple Past. MISTY COPELAND 1982- Write the answers to the questions in the boxes a-h. Q How long/ dance ballet? JANE AUSTEN 1775-1817 Q When/ write Pride and Prejudice? Unit7 + Fashions and passions 43,@ Choosing the correct tense Read more about the life of Misty Copeland. Puta check (¥) next to the correct form of the verb, An Unlikely Ballerina © misty copetand Kansas City, Missouri. in 1982 in @ daring her career, she in many major productions, @ inaddition to dancing, Copeland a memoir entitled Life In sn including The Nuteracker Motion: An Unlikely Ballerina. pon Firebird, Coppelia, and Cece ene was born are > has recently been published starred crecenigealaae © ste nama nian an all her li has starred © currently, New Line cinema z film based on oo Obert aes teal 0 cea dancer for the ABT, the first ©) is producin hasbeen noe fo ater eget © sho__her firs ballet class Pee has produced at age 12, which slate fora » has named eee hasbeen named Yeu teas named as taken ‘was taken When she was 15, she first place in the prestigious Los Angeles Spotlight Awards, has won wins won : © sro__ the American Ballet ‘Theater in 2000, 2 joined 5 has joined 7 was joined © carly in hor career, she ‘ criticism beeause of her 5 tnconventionally curvy body. 6 ) faced has faced > thas been faced 44 Unit7 + Fashions and passions &: have been or went? Complete the sentences with have been or went ‘A Wheres Mom? B She Where to the post office. you 7 You're home so late! A Are you going to the library today? B No, already yesterday. If anyone calls, tell them We to Japan, but wed like to go. ‘A When are you going on vacation? B Wealready We A What happened to your neighbors? B Didnt I tell you? They to lunch, I'll be back at two. to Florida, to live in the south of France,4 @ @ Time expressions ut the word in parentheses in the correct place in the sentences. Theard about your accident. (just) Have you had breakfast? (yet) I finished my exams. (already) Have you been to Thailand? (ever) Thaver't seen that movie. (yet) Rewrite the sentences using for, since, and age 1 Last saw him in 2010, a (for) b (since) © (ago) 2 She went to Korea in April a (for) (since) © (ago) Read the situations below. What would you say? Use a time expression from exercises I and 2. 1 You're having lunch in a cafe. You stop eating for a minute and the waiter tries to take your plate away. Excuse me! - (not finish) 2 You had a cup of coffee. Your sister comes in and offers you another cup. No, thanks, ____________thave) one. 3 Tom went out two minutes ago. The phone rings. It’s someone for Tom, — __ Ye «(go out) 4 You rush home to see the World Cup final on TV. ‘You want to know if you've missed the beginning. 2 (start) 5 Its 9M, You're watching TV. You finished your homework at 8. Your mom asks why youre not doing your homework. But - (finish) 6 You meet an old friend. You can't remember when you last met. How long ——? (meet) Present Perfect passive 5. Active or passive? Choose the correct verb form. 1 Angela's just promoted! & just been promoted to area manager of Latin America. 2. Ive applied/ ve been applied for a job. 3. How many times have you injured / have you been injured playing football? 4 Bob's wife has just lost /has just been lost her job. 5. Myssister has passed! has been passed her final exams 6 My brother has given / has been given tickets to the concert. 7 How much money have you saved/ have you been saved for your around-the-world trip? 8 A strike has called / has been called by the air traffic controllers. 9 “They haven't offered haven't been offered more ‘money by the management. 10. ‘The population of our city has risen/ has been risen to nearly a million. Unit7 + Fashions and passions 45Present Perfect Con 9: Simple or Continuous? Choose the correct form of the verb. 1. I don't believe it! Somebody has eaten / been eating ‘my chocolates! They‘ nearly all gone! 2. How many cookies have you eaten’ been eating today? 3 Thave never met/ been meeting a nicer person in my life 4 How long have you known / been knowing Charles and Lisa? 5. He's written! been writing a book for nearly a year. It'll be finished soon. 6 He's written! been writing a book. [saw it in the bookstore. 7 The children are very quiet. They've watched! been watching videos all morning. 8 They've watched /been watching five already. Producing Simple or Continuous Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in parentheses, Present Perfect Simple or Continuous. 1 Someone (move) my car keys. I (look) for them for hours, but I (not find) them yet. oa (shop) all morning, but! (not buy) anything. 3. That's one of the best jokes 1 ever hear) 4 (listen) to you for the past half an hour, but I'm afraid 1 (not understand) a single word. 5 A Are youall right? You look terrible! B No,I (work) on the computer for hours, and Thave a headache. 6 (try) to lose weight for months. I (ose) five pounds so far. 46 Unit7 + Fashions and passions @ @: Replying with questions ‘Complete the questions with either the Present Perfect Simple or Continuous. 1A. Esteban is a singer in a band, 1B How long} m singing inthe How many records has he made? 2. A I'm taking driving lessons. B How long How many ff Wr 3A Jiriisateac B Howlong 2 How many schools ? 4 A. Atlast! You said you'd be here hours ago. B I'm sorry. How long. ? 5. A Annais getting married to lan next week. B How many tothe wedding? How long Ian? 6 A. What a surprise! I haven't seen you for years. What all this time? B ve been abroad, actually. A. Where been? Correcting mistakes ‘Correct the mistakes in these sentences, 1 How long do you know the teacher? 2 his is the first time I eat Thai food. Hearn English for four years now. What have you done last night at around 8 px? How long you been working here? 6 ‘The World Cup has won by Brazil five times.Tense review 10 Americas next extreme sport 1 Complete the article with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses. Use Present Perfect Simple or Continuous, and the Simple Past, active or passive. Back to the Middle Ages Jousting, a fighting sport that (1) (become) popular in Europe during the Middle Ages, (2) (make) somewhat of a comeback in the last couple of decades. A joust involves two knights in heavy armor who lc on horseback towards each other holding long lances. Each knight tries to knock the other off the horse. Jousts first (3) Europe and at American Renaissance fairs. fairs (4) (reappear) in the 1970s, both Renaissance (begin) in California in the 1960s and (5) ____ (become) very popular throughout the United States since then. At these events, actors dress in clothing styles from 500 y Renaissance fair jousts (6) 1rs ago and give performances (start) as theatrical productions with staged fights. The hits weren’t real, and the moves and the winner (7) the show. However, since the 1970s and 80s, many groups 6) (do) real full-contact joust One such group is the Free Lancers, led by and his wife Kate, who (9) since 1989. They live like real knights used to medieval times. They travel around the count (plan) before Roy Cox (Perform) jousts live during ry, sleep in temts, rake care of the horses, and fight in shows and competitions. Jousting is hard work ~and it ean be dangerous. Kate Cox (10) often (injure). She a) (break) her hand several times, and she (12) (dislocate) her shoulder, too, The knights often get bumps and bruises when they fall from their horses. However, there (13) (be) ‘even more serious injuries, For example, one jouster i) (kill) in England in 2011 when a lance ‘went through his helmet and into his eye — the same injury that (15) France during a jousting tournament in 1559! (kill) King Henry 11 of eo Here are some answers to questions about competitive jousting, Write the questions. | How tong have performers been fghti full-contact jousts? Since the 1970s and 80s. Inreal 2 in Europe during the Middle Ages. 3 In California, 4 Since 1989. 5 2 ‘They first were theatrical productions with staged fights. 6 Yes, she has. Shes broken her hand several times and dislocated her shoulder. 7 —— ‘A lance went through his helmet and into his eye. 8 In 1559, Unit 7 + Fashions and passions 4aVocabulary Tl beand have There are many expressions formed with the verbs be and have, Match be and have with their expressions Prepositions 12 Noun + preposition ‘Complete the sentences with a preposition from the box. emiyabout about alotincommon fun aproblem(with) sureof time off work into off work) word with interested in intouch(with) away onbusiness a great time v. > @: Read conversations 1-3 and complete them with the correct form of the expressions from exercise 1. 1 A Doyou like Jen? B Like her! 'm her. A. I didn‘t think she was your type. B What do you mean? We a great time together. We have a lot Really? Well, yes. She likes opera and so do I What? Since when have you been opera? Well, lam now. Can have with you? What about? Well, you've had a lot of time work lately. Tm sorry, You off four times last month. Tknow, Ive alot of family problems. What kind of problems? Um—Id rather not say. Tl miss you. ll miss you too. Youre ‘on business so much, Don't worry. Pl be in as soon as I get there. Look, you have to go. Your flight’s to board Bye. Don too much fun while I'm away. You can be of that! Bye, a good time! POP a> Peper a> whee >> 48 Unit7 + Fashions and passions fon(x3)to(x3)—in(x3) with by between 1 What’ the difference lend and borrow? 2. There's been a big change the weather recently. 3. We need to find a solution this problem. 4 How much do you spend on food every week average? 5 The trouble to anybody. 6 Teanit get access account at the moment. 7 Tim didrit break your camera twas an accident! 8 Congratulations When’ the wedding? you is that you dor't listen my Internet bank purpose. your engagement! 9 Be careful what you say to Adam, he’s a bad mood today. 10. There's been a huge increase gun crime recently. 11 I don't think there’ really an alternative traveling by air sometimes. 12 There are no rules for prepositions, you just have to learn them heartPronunciation Sentence stress 1. The main stress in a sentence is on the words that give key (important) information, @ Listen to the beginning ofa conversation in a menswear department. A Cant helo you? Yes please. 'm looking fora sweater A. What site ae you? @® We understand the message with just the key words. A Help? © Yes Sweater A Sine? 2. Read the conversation and underline the words that give key information, (The number in parentheses shows how many words to underline in each line.) Can help you? 0 A Yes please. Im looking fora sweater @ ‘A. What size are you? 0 usually wear a large 0 ‘A. And what color are you looking for? 0 © Some kind of green. 0 ‘A. What about this one? Do you ike this? Q © No, think the style is nice, butts too bright. o ‘A. Well what about tis one then? I's a much darker green c ‘A Yes, and its machine-washable ® Thats great. Can try it on? ° ‘A. Of course. The dressing rooms are over there. o @ Listen to the conversation. Notice the stress on the key words. Listen and repeat. @ 1 Film Studies program. Oh, yes. like that one much better. [sit made of cotton? (4) 8 2. ‘The counselor thinks qualifications are not the only Listening 14 Applying fora film degree 1 @ Listen to Jenny talking to one of the teachers at the Empire Film School about courses in film-making, Complete the advertisement. EMPIRE Film School Are you interested in a Degree in Pilm-making? ‘The Empice Film School has places available for students who > havea real (I) for fim. > @ their own fens for some time > @ of directing Our graduates have found work in > feature films >@ > commercials > 6 ‘The degree includes a class on the use of (6) In fl, ‘There are also places available on our Foundation Program, which provides (7) experience of scripewriting, (@) camera work, and direction. Incerviews held in (9) and (10) Apply in writing fo the Admissions OMicer 2 @ Listen again. Are the sentences true (/) or false (X)? Correct the false ones. Jenny has been crazy about film since she did her important things for getting jobs in the film industry. 3. Some recent graduates made a feature film that’s won a prize. 4 Jenny used a lot of music in the films she made. 5. She isn't sure which area of film she wants to specialize in in the future. 6 The Foundation Program lasts two months, from May until June.Verb patterns * Phrasal verb without anoun * Weak sounds/sentence stress 2. =a No fear! Verb patterns 1 Going to work in Africa Read the conversation between Alan and Betty. Underline the correct verb pattern. < GOING TO WORK IN AFRICA ‘Alan _I'm thinking of (1) apply/applying for a job in East Afica, in Tanzania, Betty Really? | used (2) living/t0 live there AL know, [remember you (3) saying/to say. Wa lke (4) asking? fo ask you about it, iF that’s OK. B. Go ahead. I'l do my best (5) remembering/ to remember. Lwas there for two years, but that was ten years ago. So, what was it like? It was a great experience. liked everything except the climate. 1 didn’t enjoy (6) working/ to work in the heat. A. Ah, [can’t help (?) worrving/to worry about the heat, Was it really ‘fficut (8) keep/ to keep cool? B Not if you are lucky enough (9) having/to have air-conditioning, ‘but we just had fans. And! we were on the coast, near Dar es Salaam, and it’s really hot and humid there. Where is your job based? ‘A Atown called Arusha. B_O, very nice. That's much cooler, inland, near Mt Kilimanjaro, Vl never forget (10) climbing to climb Kilimanjaro. A. Ob, I'd love (11) doing/to do that and go on safari. Did you manage (12) travel/to travel around much? BO yes, we went to most of the big game parks — you know, like the Serengeti Plain and the Ngorongoro Crater ~ that was so huge it made me (13) feel/to feel very small, and the wildlife was amazing, ‘Once, on the Serengeti, a whole family of monkeys decided (14) playing to play on the root of our car. We didn't dare (15) imowving/move. ‘A Which animals did you like best? B Actually think it was the giraffes. [loved (16) watehing/ watch the ‘way they raise their long necks to eat. Oh, and the lions, of course, Do you know that in Lake Manyara National Park the lions actually ‘limb trees? A. Really? It all sounds so exciting. I'm definitely going to apply forthe job. It’s been great (17) talk/ talking to you. B Give me a call, and let me (18) know/to kriow if you go. ee 50 Unit 8 + No fear!2 @ Listen and check. 3. Complete this summary of the conversation with the verb in parentheses in the correct form. 8 Alan is thinking of (1) _applying (apply) for a job in Tanzania, He asks Betty (2) (tell) him, > veien Complete the sentences with the -ing form of the verbs in the box. wak give up help wakeup find wonder fix work watch live about it because she used (3) (live) there. She tries (4) (remember) what it was like. She says she found it difficult (5) _ (work) in the heat, and the problem with (6) ____ (live) ‘on the coast was that it was very hot and humid, However, she really enjoyed (7) (go) on safari and loved (8) (visit) the game parks. ‘She saw lions (9) (sleep) in trees, and once Jots of monkeys started (10) (play) on the roof of her car, Betty helped Alan (11) (make) up his mind about the job, and he’s decided (12) (apply) for it, He's promised (3) (call) Betty and let her (14) (know) ifhe gets it. PP Verb Patterns p. 90 can't help wondering yhat life in Africa willbe like. too much TV is bad for your eyes. 3. Tl repair your watch for you. 'm good at 7 Thank you for 10 things. a really good job these days is really difficult My children are aftaid of, wwe keep a light on at night. Did you know that of exercise? in the dark, so is one of the best forms me. I really appreciate it in a big city can be very stressful. sweets is easy. 've done it hundreds of times! Learned a lot of money by overtime, Féa) 3 \nfinitives with or without to Complete the sentences with the infinitive form of the verbs in the box. buy pay follow join stay be camry eam = hurt show 1 We cant afford 10 pay_all our monthly bills, 2 simpossible these instructions. 3 Letme you how to do it. 4 Timo sorry, I didnit mean your feelings. 5 ‘The teacher made the children after school. 6 Twant my children to playa musical instrument, 7 Myson persuaded me the latest cell phone. 8 Can you help me this box upstairs? I've invited Mr. Smith usafter the meeting. My parents have always encouraged me independent, Unit + Nofear! 51@: Which two are possible? Read the sentences. Which two verbs or phrases can fill the gap? 1 The teacher work in the future. @told Dwouldike « hopes 21 ‘eating fast food when I was in college. a gaveup b couldntafford ¢ started ‘me to be more careful with my 3. She ___to help me paint the kitchen. a enjoyed b promised € offered 4 1___going to Mexico next year. ‘a amlooking forward to & wouldlove © amthinking of 5 My father ‘was seventeen. a let b wanted € allowed 6 Tm___ to havea big party for my next birthday. 4 lookingforward b planning € hoping ‘me to take driving lessons when I 7 We to find a parking space in the city center. tried b didn't manage € succeeded 81 driving in the rush hour. a doritwant b cantstand ¢ loathe Reporting verbs + infinitive ‘Complete the lines and rewrite the sentences to mean the same. 1 “Please can you translate this sentence for me?” Maria said to Mark. Maria asked Mark to translate the sentence for her. 2 “Please, please marry me. I cant live without you,” ‘Tom said to Mia. ‘Tom begged 3. “Donit run around the edge of the swimming pool, or you'll fll in” Mary said to her children, Mary warned 4 “Lwonlt go to bed!” Bobby said. Bobby refused 5 “You should talk to your lawyer” Ben said to Bill Ben advised _ 6 “Take that chewing gum out of your mouth immediately!” the teacher said to Harry. ‘The teacher ordered 52 Unit 8 + No fear! Using a dictionary Look at the extract from the Oxford Wordpower Dictionary. It shows all the possible verb patterns for the verb agree, agree fori! verb SHARE OPINION 1 i] agree (with sbisth) ‘agree (that) to have the same opinion 3s Bish: “1th we should talk to the manager about tis *Yes, ance» ogree with Paul» Do Your agree that we should wavel by tran? * Im ‘hod | don' agree. GH disagree SAY VES 2 [I] agree (to sthito do sth) to say yes to sth: | eshed my bess if could go home early ‘and she agreed.» Alkis has agreed to lend me his (ar Jor the weekend. [0B reluse ARRANGE 3 [11] agree (to do sth): agree (on Sth) to make an arrangement or decide sth with sb: They agreed 10 meet the following day.» Gan wwe agree ona price?» We agreed a price of $500. APPROVE OF 4 i] agree with sth to think that Sth is right: don’t agree with experiments on ‘animals >BE THE SAME 5 |i] to be the same as sth: The ‘vo accounts of the accident do not aeree. A not agree with sb (used about foe) © sn om Od pono el eno xd ey Ps D4 Read the sentences and check with the extract. Is the verb pattern correct (¥) or incorrect (X)? Rewrite the incorrect ones. 1 Alan thinks its too expensive, and P'm agree. 2. She thinks she’s right, but 'm not agree. 3. Idor't agree with you. 4 All doctors agree that not exercising is bad for your health, 5. She thought we should go, and I agreed it 6 ‘They agreed talking about it again tomorrow.7 A dangerous moment Read about Dennis Gibney’s dangerous moment. Complete the text with the correct words in the boxes. SAVED BY AN ELEPHANT toaccompany training to go not veryeasy let tosee ‘After (1)_training_ for five years to be a doctor, Dennis Gibney wanted (2) more of the world, so he took a job in a hospital in Kathmandu, the capita city of Nepal. It was hard work, and after a couple of months the hospital (3) him have a few days’ vacation. He decided that he'd like (4) into the jungle. This bo _ to do on your own, so he asked a Nepalese guide, Adesh, (6) him, was hoping made carrying to protect was about to meeting They set off at 6 o'clock one moming, with two elephants a ‘especially as Adesh had (8) Dennis buy special thick shoes and trousers (9) him from snakes. their equipment. It was hot and humid, Dennis (10) to see lots of wildlife, particularly tigers, because ase child he had always dreamed of ay tiger. His childhood dream (12) come true! twas afternoon, and Adesh told Dennis not to expect to see any tigers because they usually lke to sleep in the heat of the day. However, suddenly, n the distance they saw one. Adesh a “Dont expect ordered Dennis to keep very quiet. They crept nearer and found a dying cee, lying in the bushes ~ the tiger’ lunch. b Teen ually, ‘They could no longer see the tiger, but somehow they could € “Ssshht E told you ____ feel his presence. Dennis didn't dare move or breathe. He dd “What that__in the bushes?” Jooked up and found himself staring into a pair of large e “Vmafraidto eer “Help! "The tigers trying > ‘managed to pull him away no real hope: Sean iAehl ied Bs g “We have no hope of ‘escaping. Then, incredibly, one of the elephants appeared, Itran at the tiger, which turned and fled. They say elephants never forget, but Dennis and Adesh will certainly never forget that it was an elephant that saved, “The elephant’s managed to, their livesPhrasal verbs 8 Phrasal verb without anoun © out can mean end ‘Complete the groups of sentences with the correct form of a phrasal verb from the box. a up canmean more 1 We're going on a long drive. ' up with gas. 1 Talltying to how much you owe me, 2 Ifwe want to have a vacation this year, welll have to OP Mschioot beciuiss he found itt00. —— difficult 3. Were late! Ifyou donit__, we'll miss the 3 The fire because we didn't put enough plane wood on. 4 Ican't hear you! Can you? 4. ‘Tigers are killed for their skins. ‘They're. in the wild. b | dewn can mean less & ‘Complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrasal verbs in the box. holden geen look out show off showup —gooff_ ——shoparound check in 1 Don't stop talking! 6008 | Pm listening, 2 [thought they weren't coming, then they at 10:00P. 3. I'mlooking for a cheap fight, so I'll have to 4. Hes always talking about how wonderful he is. He’ always 1 Twant to lose weight, so I've the 5 Myalarm too early this amount [eat morning. 2. You're driving too fast! Please __ 6 ! The glass is going to fall! Oops! 3. My temperature was 42°, now it's 39°, so it's Too late. —<—$—— 7 You want his phone number? 4 Stop getting so upset about things that don't matter. a second. I'll get it for you. ! 8 ‘Ihe first thing to do when you arrive at an airport is 54 Unit 8 + No fear!Pronunciation Weak sounds Listening To get a natural rhythm in Ei “grammatical” words are often unstressed, Look at the examples in the chart the mo part of a stuntwoman's job? ‘uiliary | is are was were do. did has . ate Rentueadon v ii emt buidings A she