Injector
Injector
General Information
with Mechanically Actuated Injector
The Standard K (non-top-stop) injector was the first injector fitted to the KV Series engine.
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CAUTION
Reduced drain flow injectors must be used in complete sets due to the differences in total
flow between the previous standard and reduced drain flow injectors. Failure to do so can
result in engine damage.
Reduced drain flow injector assemblies were released for STC and non-STC injector
configurations.
A full top-stop injector was released for K series engines in July, 1987 (Engine Serial Number first
33112560). This injector replaced the K hydraulic variable timing/STC injector. The full top-stop
injector performs the same function as the previous K hydraulic variable timing/STC injectors,
advancing the injection timing by trapping engine oil in the injector's hydraulic tappet. However,
the revised injector has an additional top-stop feature to help reduce overhead wear. A top cap is
used to stop the upward movement of the STC tappet. This unloads the injector train briefly,
allowing oil to lubricate the link and socket joints.
Several of the components of the previous K hydraulic variable timing/STC injector were
redesigned in order to convert to the full top-stop design, and some additional components were
added.
The revised K full top-stop STC injector required a different oil transfer tube. The older tube was
7.93 mm [0.3125 in] longer, and will not fit into the oil feed locknut of the revised injector.
The K family STC injector was released for service and production on single stage uprate
engines in February, 1988 (Engine Serial Number first 33113700).
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These injectors are a similar style to the full top-stop STC injector. However, there are several
differences.
Injector Adapter - The adapter has two major features which make it different from the K STC
injector adapter. First, the adapter was modified so that the same o-ring can be used at all
three o-ring locations. Second, the adapter has locations for two orifice plugs, one on either
side of the adapter.
Injector Cup - It has a revised style cup, with a larger diameter tip that improves strength and
reliability.
Injector Cup Retainer - This was designed to accommodate the revised style cup and to
improve ease of assembly.
Injector Plunger - The plunger blank is longer than the previous K STC plunger blank. The
length was added to the minor diameter areas to allow more fuel capacity.
Injector Plunger Coupling - The injector plunger coupling is shorter than the previous K STC
plunger coupling to compensate for the longer plunger blank. The overall length of the two
different plunger and coupling assemblies after crimping is approximately the same. Previous
injector plungers are not interchangeable with the new style.
Internal Plunger Link - A revised internal link was fitted. It is shorter than the internal K STC
plunger link in order to compensate for the longer injector plunger. The overall length of the
revised link is 59.31 mm [2.335 in].
Injector Plunger Return Spring - The injector utilizes a revised plunger return spring due to
the higher travel requirements.
Press-Fit plungers and ceramic inner links were released for the standard K STC injector
assemblies. The combination of these two features improves injector reliability and durability.
Press-Fit plunger assemblies have a stronger joint between the coupling and plunger.
A revised oil feed locknut and top-stop screw were released for K STC injectors. The revised oil
feed locknut has the appropriate total travel settings stamped on it. The revised top-stop screw is
1.78 mm [0.070 in] longer than the previous top-stop screw.
In the STC injector, injection timing is controlled by the STC hydraulic tappet. The tappet has an
inner piston (plunger) and an outer piston (sleeve).
Note : The plunger and sleeve are machined to very precise tolerances. The
assembly is matched by a selection process at the factory (match-fit). Never exchange
or combine the plungers and the sleeves.
These tappet components work together with the injector plunger to control injection timing. The
tappet assembly can be used with any STC top-stop nut because they are not matched.
The tappet assembly and injector are not matched sets. The tappet assembly can be used in any
STC injector. Cummins Inc. recommends STC tappet disassembly only if there is evidence that
debris caused by an engine failure has moved beyond the full-flow filters. Any debris in the tappet
will lower the performance of the tappet.
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The method of adjusting the injection timing and injector rocker lever travel on engines with STC
is the same as the method on engines without STC. The specification for injector travel and
injection timing on engines with STC is different than engines without STC.
The Premium K STC injector assembly supersedes and obsoletes all Standard and Family K
STC injector assemblies.
This injector includes the following features:
Press-fit barrel and plunger assembly
Longer barrel
Revised oil feed locknut
Revised top-stop screw
Ceramic inner link
Stronger cup.
The revised injector is more reliable and durable than the Standard and Family K STC injectors
without the press-fit barrel and plunger assembly and ceramic link.
Standard K STC injectors can not be converted to a Premium K STC injector. Very few parts are
interchangeable. The full injector assembly must be replaced.
Family K STC injectors can be converted to Premium K STC. However, no reliability or durability
improvement will be gained if the Family K STC injectors have press-fit barrel and plunger
assemblies and ceramic links. Press-fit barrel and plunger assemblies and ceramic links are
available for Family K STC injectors.
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Initial Check
with Electronically Actuated Injector
Misfire Using Heat Indicator Marker
Note : This procedure will possibly not be effective
when the symptoms occur only at low idle or when the
engine is cold.
If the engine exhibits symptoms of a possible injector not firing,
perform the following check:
Operate the engine to normal operating coolant
temperature of 80°C [180°F].
Stop the engine and allow the exhaust manifold to cool for
10 minutes.
Use a 204°C [400°F] temperature indicator marker, Part
Number 3165163, to apply a mark (1) on the surface of all
exhaust manifold ports. The mark must be as close to the
cylinder head as possible, but not directly on the exhaust
manifold mounting flange.
Start the engine and operate under light load for a short
time. Do not operate the engine under heavy load or for
an extended period of time, as this can cause inaccurate
results.
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CAUTION
Do not overheat the starters. Damage to the starters can
result.
Remove the cap from the male union and install the fuel drain
hose at the fuel drain block.
Tighten the hose.
Torque Value: 45 n•m [ 33 ft-lb ]
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CAUTION
Do not overheat the starters. Damage to the starters can
result.
Swap the fuel drain hose and banjo bolt between cylinders 1
LB and 2 LB.
Place the end of the fuel injector drain line fuel return flow hose
in a small graduated cylinder to collect return flow.
Crank the engine at least 150 rpm for 30 seconds in 10 second
intervals.
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CAUTION
Do not overheat the starters. Damage to the starters can
result.
Repeat the previous step until drain flow has been recorded for
all cylinders on both banks.
Measurements
ml fl-oz
Isolated Injector
Return Flow
with Engine
15 0.5
Cranking at 150
rpm for 30
Seconds
CAUTION
Do not overheat the starters. Damage to the starters can
result.
Remove the fuel drain hose and assemble the fuel drain lines.
Refer to Procedure 006-013 in Section 6
(/qs3/pubsys2/xml/en/procedures/28/28-006-013.html).
Install the intake manifolds. Refer to Procedure 010-002 in
Section 10. (/qs3/pubsys2/xml/en/procedures/28/28-010-002-
tr.html)
Fill the cooling system. Refer to Procedure 008-018 in Section
8. (/qs3/pubsys2/xml/en/procedures/28/28-008-018-tr.html)
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Preparatory Steps
with Mechanically Actuated Injector
Remove the rocker lever cover and all related parts. Refer
to Procedure 003-011 in Section 3.
(/qs3/pubsys2/xml/en/procedures/28/28-003-011-tr.html)
Remove the rocker lever assembly. Refer to Procedure
003-009 in Section 3.
(/qs3/pubsys2/xml/en/procedures/28/28-003-009-tr.html)
Remove
with Mechanically Actuated Injector
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CAUTION
Do not allow the STC tappet to fall out of the injector.
Engine damage can result.
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WARNING
To reduce the possibility of personal injury, place a clean
rag around the injector as well as wear goggles or a face
shield to prevent injury from fuel spray from residual fuel
pressure while removing the injector.
WARNING
The pressure of the fuel in the line is sufficient to
penetrate the skin and cause serious personal injury.
Wear gloves and protective clothing.
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WARNING
Wear appropriate eye and face protection when using
compressed air. Flying debris and dirt can cause personal
injury.
CAUTION
Injector plungers and barrels have a precise fit and are
damaged easily. Only trained technicians are authorized
to remove the plungers. Do not allow the plunger to fall
out of the injector.
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Calibrate
with Mechanically Actuated Injector
Install
with Mechanically Actuated Injector
Identify the o-rings so they can be installed in the correct
groove.
O-ring (1) has a red dot or stripe and is dull gray in
appearance.
O-ring (2) has no markings.
O-ring (3) has a green dot or stripe. The o-ring has a shiny
black appearance.
Lubricate the o-rings with vegetable oil and install them in the
appropriate location.
Install the proper size seal ring (4).
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Do not allow the STC tappet to fall out of the STC (top-stop)
injector. Damage can result.
The STC tappet must be near the rocker lever assembly.
CAUTION
Do not use a wooden tool to push the injector onto the
seat. Failure can result because of splinters falling into
the tappet.
Apply a quick hard push with a blunt object that touches the
top-stop screw to seat the injector.
A single snapping sound will be heard when the injector is
seated properly.
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Install the o-ring (1) on the jumper tube. Lubricate the o-ring
with clean engine oil. Install the jumper tube and the copper
sealing washers (2).
Install the connector screw and tighten.
Torque Value: 25 n•m [ 221 in-lb ]
Note : The oil jumper tubes for full stop STC injectors
are 8 mm [5/16] shorter.
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WARNING
Some solvents are flammable and toxic. Read the
manufacturer's instructions before using.
WARNING
When using solvents, acids, or alkaline materials for
cleaning, follow the manufacturer's recommendations for
use. Wear goggles and protective clothing to reduce the
possibility of personal injury.
WARNING
Wear appropriate eye and face protection when using
compressed air. Flying debris and dirt can cause personal
injury.
CAUTION
Do not reuse the injector hold-down capscrew or injector
combustion seal. The reuse of these components can
result in engine damage.
CAUTION
Keep the injector bore and combustion chamber
protected when using compressed air to prevent
contamination. Failure to do so can cause engine
damage.
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Clean the threaded hole in the cylinder head where the injector
hold-down capscrew will be installed with electrical contact
cleaner, Part Number 3824510, or equivalent, and compressed
air.
CAUTION
Do not reuse the injector hold-down capscrew or injector
combustion seal. The reuse of those components can
result in engine damage.
CAUTION
Only use a soft face mallet. Otherwise damage to the
injector can occur.
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Place the injector installer on the injector such that the ball
spring plunger on the installer is on the tapered side of the
injector (1). If necessary, adjust the ball spring plunger so that
it presses against the injector. Make sure the flat side of the
injector (2) sits flush with the injector installer.
Finishing Steps
with Mechanically Actuated Injector
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