PATHOMORPHOLOGY Krok-1

№ Tasks Answer choices Key words Right answer

A. Hemorrhagic
peritonitis
During autopsy approximately 2,0 liters of pus
B. Serous
have been found in the abdominal cavity of the
peritonitis C. pus in the abdominal cavity; peritoneum E.
body. Peritoneum is dull and of grayish shade,
1. Tuberculous with grayish-colored coating that is easily Fibrinopurule
serous tunic of intestines has grayish-colored
peritonitis removable nt peritonitis
coating that is easily removable. Specify the most
D. Necrosis
likely type of peritonitis in the patient:
E. Fibrinopurulent
peritonitis
A. Hematogenous
progression of
primary tuberculosis
Autopsy of a 17 year old girl who died from B. Hematogenous
pulmonary failure revealed a small area of tuberculosis with
caseous necrosis in the inferior lobe of the right predominant lung
E. Primary
2. lung, and occurences of caseous necrosis in the affection C.
tuberculosis
bronchopulmonary, bronchial and bifurcational Tuberculoma D. caseous necrosis in lung and in regional
lymph nodes. What is the most probable Caseous pneumonia lymph nodes
postmortem diagnosis? under secondary
tuberculosis E.
Primary tuberculosis
 Autopsy of a 1,5-year-old child revealed
haemorrhagic skin rash, moderate hyperaemia and
A. Scarlet fever
edema of nasopharyngeal mucous membrane, hemorrhagic skin rash, hyperaemia and
B. Diphtheria
small haemorrhages in the mucous membranes edema of nasopharyngeum; hemorrhages E.
C. Measles
3. and internal organs; dramatic dystrophic in mucous, internal organs, adrenal Meningococca
D. Epidemic typhus
alterations in liver and myocardium; acute glands; dystrophy in liver and l infection
E. Meningococcal
necrotic nephrosis; massive haemorrhages in the myocardium; acute necrotic nephrosis
infection
adrenal glands. What disease are these alterations
the most typical for?

An autopsy of a 45-year-old female, who died

from cardiac failure, revealed on the lateral
surfaces of her both cheeks some reddishbrownish
spots which fused on the bridge of the nose. The
heart was enlarged, the myocardium was flaccid in A. Rheumatic
consistency, the cusps of the aortic valve were defect of heart
thickened and had thrombotic superpositions. The B. cardiac failure; "butterfly" on nose; aortic
Atherosclerotic
kidneys were motley and had focal haemorrhages. defect of heart valve thickened with thrombotic
The pyramids of the medullary layer were dark superpositions; haematoxylin bodies in E. Systemic
C. Septic
4. red, the cortical layer was greyish and had red tubular epithelial nuclei; basal membranes lupus
endocarditis D.
specks. A microscopic examination of the kidneys Subacute of glomeruli thickened with wire loops; erythematosus
revealed haematoxylin bodies in the tubular hyaline thrombi and foci of fibrinoid
glomerulonephritis E.
epithelial nuclei, the basal membranes of necrosi
Systemic lupus
capillaries of the glomeruli were thickened and erythematosus
gave an appearance of wire loops, somewhere the
walls of the capillaries contained hyaline thrombi
and foci of fibrinoid necrosis.
Which diagnosis was the most probable?
 A 36-year-old female suffers from an expressed
deformity of joints of her fingers and legs. A. -
expressed deformity of joints of her joints
Histologically, the periarticular connective tissue B. Rheumatism
of her fingers and legs; periarticular
reveals some mucoid swelling, foci of fibrinoid C. Bekhterev's E.
connective tissue and synovial membrane
5. necrosis, clusters of macrophages and areas of disease D. Infectious Rheumatoid
with mucoid swelling, foci of fibrinoid
sclerosis, the synovial membrane has an oedema polyarthritis arthritis
necrosis; clusters of macrophages and
of villi, as well as their mucoid and fibrinoid E. Rheumatoid
areas of sclerosis; "rice bodies"
swelling, the synovial cavity contains "rice arthritis
bodies". Make a diagnosis of the disease.

A room for dissections received the body of a

56year-old male who was ill with rheumatism
A. Diffuse
during
isolated
8 years and died from cardiovascular
myocarditis
insufficiency. An autopsy revealed the rheumatic
B. Focal
defect of the heart -mitral incompetence. A rheumatism in anamnesis; rheumatic
isolated
histological examination revealed oedema of the defect, mitral incompetence; interstitial
myocarditis C. E. Productive
interstice, its diffuse infiltration by lymphocytes, oedema; lympho-histiocytic infiltration;
6. Acute serous granulomatou
histiocytes, neutrophilic and eosinophilic parenchymatous degeneration; foci of
myocarditis s myocarditis
leukocytes, as well as parenchymatous protein and fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by large
D. Acute purulent
fatty degeneration of the cardiomyocytes. The left macrophages located in form of a veil
myocarditis E.
atrial auricle had foci of fibrinoid necrosis
Productive
surrounded by large macrophages which were
granulomatous
located in the form of a veil (Aschoff’s
myocarditis
granulomA.. Which of the diagnoses listed below
was the most probable?
 Two weeks after angina, a 14-year-old child
A. Ischaemic
developed pains in the heart, cyanosis, dyspnoea,
dystrophy of
oedemata of his lower extremities. The death was
myocardium
caused by cardiac arrest. On autopsy, the heart angina in anamnesis; pains in heart,
B. Nodular
was enlarged, its cavities were dilated, the cyanosis, dyspnoea, oedemata of his E. Diffuse
productive
myocardium was flaccid. A microscopic lower extremities; heart enlarged; cavities interstitial
7. myocarditis C.
examination revealed an acute oedema and dilated; myocardium flaccid; acute exudative
Idiopathic myocarditis
plethora of the interstice, an expressed infiltration oedema and plethora of the interstice; myocarditis
D. Focal interstitial
by lymphocytes, histiocytes, neutrophils and lympho-histiocytic infiltration
exudative myocarditis
eosinophils, foci of dystrophy of cardiomyocytes.
E. Diffuse interstitial
Which of the diagnoses listed below was the most
exudative myocarditis
probable?

A histological examination of the cusps of the

mitral valve in the heart of a female, who died
A. Polypous-
from cardiac decompensation, revealed a focal mitral valve; focal desquamation of
ulcerous
desquamation of endotheliocytes with endotheliocytes; superimposed
B. Diffuse E. Recurrent
8. superimposed thrombotic masses in these areas. thrombotic masses in these areas;
C. Acute vegetative vegetative
The connective tissue of the valve cusp had signs connective tissue disorganization, areas of
D. Loffler's E.
of disorganization, areas of sclerosis and sclerosis and angiomatosis on valve
Recurrent vegetative
angiomatosis. Diagnose the kind of valvular
endocarditis.
An autopsy of a female revealed morphological
manifestations of chronic heart failure in the right
ventricle, stenosis of the left atrioventricular A. Scleroderma heart failure; stenosis of left
aperture, insufficiency of the mitral valve. B. Dermatomyositis atrioventricular aperture, insufficiency of
Histologically, a connective-tissue disorganization C. Polyarteritis the mitral valve; connective-tissue E.
9.
in the form of some mucoid and fibrinoid swelling nodosaD. Systemic disorganization; mucoid and fibrinoid Rheumatism
was found with presence of blooming Aschoff s lupus erythematosus E. swelling; blooming Aschoff's bodies;
bodies against a background of focal Rheumatism cardiosclerosis
cardiosclerosis in the myocardium. Which of the
diagnoses listed below was the most probable?
 A. Alterative
myocarditis
An autopsy of a 9-year-old child, who suffered B. Focal interstitial
from rheumatism and died of heart failure, exudative myocarditis
revealed dilatation of cavities in the ventricles of C. Granulomatous rheumatism; heart failure; dilatation of E. Diffuse
his heart. Microscopically, the myocardial stroma productive ventricles; plethora, oedema, diffuse interstitial
10. myocarditis D.
was characterized by a plethora, oedema, diffuse infiltration of histiocytes, lymphocytes, exudative
infiltrations of histiocytes, lymphocytes, Interstitial productive neutrophils and eosinophils myocarditis
neutrophils and eosinophils. What diagnosis was myocarditis
the most probable one? E. Diffuse interstitial
exudative myocarditis

A clinical examination of a 41-year-old male A. Polyarthritic form

patient revealed some deformity in small joints of of rheumatism B.
his extremities. A microscopic examination of a Arthritis in systemic
biopsy of the synovial coat revealed foci of lupus erythematosus deformity in small joints; foci of mucoid
C. Rheumatoid E.
mucoid and fibrinoid swelling and fibrinoid and fibrinoid swelling and fibrinoid
arthritis (stage II) Rheumatoid
11. necrosis in the stroma of villi and vascular walls, necrosis; proliferation of synoviocytes;
D. Rheumatoid arthritis (stage
proliferation of synoviocytes, a perivascular infiltration by lymphocytes, plasmacytes
arthritis (stage III) I)
infiltration by lymphocytes, plasmacytes and and neutrophils; IgG in the plasmacytes
neutrophils; there was IgG in the plasmacytes. E. Rheumatoid
Which of the diagnoses listed below was the most arthritis (stage I)
probable?
 A 45-year-old female, who complained of
progressing muscular weakness, underwent a A. Polyarteritis
biopsy of soft tissues on her shin. A histological nodosa
microfocal petrification of derma and
examination of the biopsy revealed some B. Systemic
skeletal muscles; reduced transversal E.
microfocal petrification of the derma and skeletal scleroderma
12. striation and necrosis in muscular fibres; Dermatomyos
muscles, a reduced amount of glycogen and C. Systemic lupus
transversal striation in the muscular fibres, some lympho-hystiocytic, macrophagal and itis
erythematosus D.
fibres were necrotized, the stroma was infiltrated plasmacytic infiltration in stroma
Rheumatism
by lymphocytes, macrophages and plasma cells. E. Dermatomyositis
Make a diagnosis of the disease.
A. Acute
tubularinterstitial
Autopsy of a man who died from ethylenglycol
nephritis
poisoning revealed that his kidneys are a little bit
B. Lipoid ethylene glycol poisoning; kidneys
enlarged, edematic; their capsule can be easily E. Necrotic
13. nephrosis C. Acute enlarged, capsule easily removed; cortex
remove. Cortical substance is broad and light- nephrosis
glomerulonephritis pale grey and wide, the medulla dark red
grey. Medullary substance is dark-red. What
D. Acute
pathology had this man?
pyelonephritis E.
Necrotic nephrosis

A. Suppurative
inflammation
A 7-year-old child has acute onset of disease:
B. Fibrinous
temperature rise up to 38oC, rhinitis, cough,
inflammation
lacrimation, and large-spot rash on the skin.
C. Hemorrhagic mucosa is edematous, hyperemic, with E. Catarrhal
14. Pharyngeal mucosa is edematous, hyperemic, with
inflammation whitish spots inflammation
whitish spots in the buccal area. What kind of
D. Serous
inflammation caused the changes in the buccal
inflammation E.
mucosa?
Catarrhal
inflammation
 A. Tuberculoma B.
A patient with tuberculosis died from progressing
Caseous
cardiopulmonary decompensation. Autopsy in the
pneumonia tuberculosis and progressing
region of the right lung apex revealed a cavity 5
C. Infiltrative cardiopulmonary decompensation; cavity E. Acute
cm in diameter communicating with lumen of a tuberculosis D.
15. communicating with lumen of bronchus; cavernous
segmental bronchus. On the inside cavity walls Acute focal caseous masses with epithelioid and tuberculosis
are covered with caseous masses with epithelioid tuberculosis Langhans cells
and Langhan's cells beneath them. What E. Acute cavernous
morphological form of tuberculosis is it? tuberculosis

A 50-year-old male died from vascular collapse.

An autopsy was performed in the pathoanatomical
bureau and detected an increased pigmentation of
the skin, the adrenal glands were reduced in size, A. Steatosis B.
the brown-yellow liver was enlarged. On Primary
histological examination, foci of necrosis with a aldosteronism increased pigmentation of skin; adrenal
tuberculous granulation tissue were found in the C. Cushing's glands reduced; liver enlarged
adrenal glands. The liver was characterized by syndrome brownyellow with fatty degeneration;
phenomena of fatty degeneration. Which of the D. Lipofuscinosis adrenal glands with foci of necrosis with E. Addison's
16. diagnoses was the most probable? E. Addison's disease tuberculous granulation tissue disease

A histological examination of the cusps of the

mitral valve in the heart of a female, who died
A. Polypous-
from cardiac decompensation, revealed a focal mitral valve; focal desquamation of
ulcerous
desquamation of endotheliocytes with endotheliocytes; superimposed
B. Diffuse E. Recurrent
17. superimposed thrombotic masses in these areas. thrombotic masses in these areas;
C. Acute vegetative vegetative
The connective tissue of the valve cusp had signs connective tissue disorganization, areas
D. Loffler's E.
of disorganization, areas of sclerosis and of sclerosis and angiomatosis on valve
Recurrent vegetative
angiomatosis. Diagnose the kind of valvular
endocarditis.
 A. Hemorrhagic
During autopsy approximately 2,0 liters of pus peritonitis
have been found in the abdominal cavity of the B. Serous peritonitis pus in abdominal cavity; peritoneum is
E.
body. Peritoneum is dull and of grayish shade, C. Tuberculous dull and of grayish shade, serous tunic of
18. peritonitis Fibrinopurule
serous tunic of intestines has grayish-colored intestines has grayish-colored coating that
nt peritonitis
coating that is easily removable. Specify the most D. Necrosis is easily removable
likely type of peritonitis in the patient: E. Fibrinopurulent
peritonitis
An autopsy of a 60-year-old male, who was ill
with hypertensive disease for a long period of
A. Chronic
time and died from chronic renal insufficiency,
glomerulonephritis
revealed that both the kidneys were significantly
B. Atherosclerotic
reduced in size, their surface was fine-grained; hypertension in anamnesis; chronic renal E.
nephrosclerosis C.
histologically, most of the glomeruli were failure; kidneys are greatly reduced; Arterioloscler
Chronic
19. characterized by hyalinization and sclerosis, some surface is fine-grained; glomerulus is otic
pyelonephritis
ones by hyperplasia; the stroma contained areas hialinised and sclerosed; areas of sclerosis nephrosclerosi
D. Secondary
of in stroma s
shrunk kidney
sclerosis, arteriolo- and arteriosclerosis,
E. Arteriolosclerotic
elastofibriosis of large branches of the renal
nephrosclerosis
arteries. Define the changes revealed in the
kidneys.
 A. Connective
tissue in the lumen of
blood vessels
In the pathomorphological laboratory sent a B. Thrombembolus
connective tissue with a large arterial vessel, in the in the lumen of the
lumen of which a grayish-colored dry brittle mass, vessel
C. Hyaline dry brittle mass, densely connected with E. Cladding
densely connected with the vessel wall. At the
the vessel wall; mass … contains fibrin, white blood
histological examination, an arterial vessel has a thrombus in the lumen
20. of the vessel platelets, and a small number of red blood clot in the
mass of obliterating nature that contains fibrin,
platelets, and a small number of red blood cells D. A blood vessel cells with numerous leukocytes; ... initial lumen of the
organization arterial vessel
with an overwhelming number of leukocytes with in the lumen of blood
the phenomenon of initial organization. What kind vessels
of process is there in this case? E. Cladding white
blood clot in the
lumen of the arterial
vessel
A man 56 years old, for 20 years has not suffered
from chronic ischemic illness. Suddenly there
A. local arterial
were pains in the heart area, sharply increased
hyperemia
cynosiness of the face, there was a "feeling of fear
B. general acute
of death". Despite the onset of treatment, death
arterial hypertension
has occurred. At the autopsy, a large left chronic ischemic illness; pinkish-reddish E. general
C. Local acute venous
21. ventricular heart attack has been detected. A large foamy fluid in lung; in liver are figure acute venous
hyperemia
amount of pinkish-reddish foamy fluid flows from resembling muscat; dark cherry blood hyperemia
D. local chronic
the surface of the lung. In the liver a peculiar
venous hyperemia E.
figure resembling muscat has been found, blood
general acute venous
from dark cherry drains from the surface of the
hyperemia
cut. Morphological changes in the lungs and liver
are manifestations:
 A 68-year-old woman developed acute
myocardial infarction as a result of stenotic
atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries. During
the section it was revealed: in the lumen of the A. Tissue embolism
anterior interventricular branch of the left B. Embolus by
coronary artery there are brittle gray-yellow extraneous bodies brittle gray-yellow masses ... of the
22. masses reminiscent of the atheromatous detritus C. Fatty embolism atheromatous detritus and completely E. Thrombosis
and completely lining the lumen of the vessel, in D. Retrograde lining the lumen of the vessel
the thickness of the anterior and lateral walls of embolism E.
the left ventricle - transmural portion of irregular Thrombosis
shape, gray-yellow color, periphery surrounded by
a hemorrhagic crown. Diagnose the cause of a
heart attack.
A. Fatty
pulmonary artery
embolism.
B. Tissue
embolism of the
The section revealed: multiple hemorrhagic vessels of the E.
multiple hemorrhagic pulmonary heart
pulmonary heart attacks, some pulmonary vessels pulmonary artery. C. Trombemboli
attacks; pulmonary vessels of a
of a lilac-colored dense mass, varicose veins of Congestive a of the
23. lilaccolored dense mass; varicose veins
the lower extremities, in which the presence of thrombosis of the vessels of the
with presence of fragile dark-brown
fragile dark-brown colored masses. What kind of vessels of the pulmonary
colored masses
pathological process is being discussed? pulmonary artery. D. artery
Hemorrhagic
bronchopneumonia.
E. Trombembolia of
the vessels of the
pulmonary artery
 A. General venous
At the autopsy, an enlarged liver of a colorful plethora
species, with a pattern of nutmeg in the section, B. Anemia enlarged liver with a pattern of nutmeg in E. Local
24. was discovered. In the lumen of the liver veins, C. Hemorrhage the section; lumen of liver veins with wall venous
the wall clots are found. What kind of disruption D. Bleeding E. clots hyperemia
of blood circulation in the liver? Local venous
hyperemia

A. Anginetrophic
B. Vakatna local
Paracentesis is rapidly released from the
C. Collateral
abdominal cavity of 12 liters of ascitic fluid. The many ascitic fluid are removed rapidly
D. Hyperemia due E. Hyperemia
25. patient developed a collapse and hyperemia of the from the abdominal cavity; hyperemia of
to arteriovenous shunt after anemia
peritoneum. Determine the type of hyperemia of the peritoneum and collapse
functioning
the peritoneum.
E. Hyperemia after
anemia
In a pilot who died as a result of depressurizing
the cockpit, a large number of vesicles were
A. Fatty embolism
detected in the histological examination of the pilot died as a result of depressurizing the
B. Air embolism
internal organs in the blood vessels, and in the cockpit; a large number of vesicles in E. Gas
26. C. Thromboembolism
liver it was focal dystrophy. In the brain and blood vessels; multiple small ischemic embolism
D. Tissue embolism
spinal cord - multiple small ischemic centers of centers of gray softening (necroses)
E. Gas embolism
gray softening. Indicate the most likely cause of
such changes.
A. Hyperaemia
after anaemia
A patient with hepatic cirrhosis developed a
B. Inflammatory
collapse and hyperaemia of the peritoneum after collapse and hyperaemia of the A.
C. Vicarious
27. removal of 10 litres of ascitic fluid from his peritoneum after removal of many ascitic Hyperaemia
D. Collateral
abdominal cavity. Determine the kind of arterial fluid from his abdominal cavity after anaemia
E. On the ground
hyperaemia of the peritoneum.
of an arteriovenous
shunt
 A female patient, who suffered from A. Thrombembolia
thrombophlebitis of her deep crural veins, B. Thrombosis
suddenly died. An autopsy revealed red free C. Tissue thrombophlebitis of leg veins; red free A.
28. friable masses with a dim goffered surface in the embolism D. friable masses with a dim goffered surface Thrombembol
common trunk and bifurcation of the pulmonary Embolism with in pulmonary vessels ia
artery. What pathological process in the pulmonary foreign bodies E. Fat
artery did a pathologist reveal? embolism

A male patient with multiple fractures of his long

tubular bones suddenly died under the phenomena A. Fat
of acute pulmonary insufficiency. An autopsy did B. Thrombembolia fractures of long tubular bones; acute
not reveal any pathological changes in the internal C. Air pulmonary insufficiency; diffuse
29. A. Fat
organs. Microscopically, there were some diffuse D. Tissue sudanophilic inclusions in the lumens of
sudanophilous inclusions in the lumens of small E. With foreign pulmonary arteries and capillaries
branches of the pulmonary artery and capillaries. bodies
What kind of embolism was the most probable?
An autopsy of a 70-year-old male, who suffered
from hypertensive disease and died of a A. Rupture
disturbance in the cerebral circulation, revealed in B. Spasm hypertensive disease; disturbance in the
30. his brain stem some cavity which was 2 cm in C. Erosion cerebral circulation; cavity which was A. Rupture
diameter and filled with blood clots. Name the D. Oedema filled with blood clots
mechanism of the impairment of the vascular wall E. Diapedesis
which most likely could result in a haemorrhage.
 Following an injury of his cervical veins, a male
suddenly died under the phenomena of an acute A. Air
respiratory insufficiency. An autopsy revealed that B. Tissue injury of cervical veins; acute respiratory
his right heart cavities were distended and C. Gaseous insufficiency; right heart cavities are
contained some foamy liquid blood, the major D. Thrombembolia distended; foamy liquid blood and in
31. A. Air
veins contained the blood of the same kind. E. Fat heart and major veins; numerous embolic
Microscopically, the lumens of small branches of masses in lumens of small pulmonary
the pulmonary arteries and capillaries revealed arteries and capillaries
numerous embolic masses. Which of the kinds of
embolism listed below was the most probable?
A 66-year-old male died on the 8 th day after
A. Thrombembolia
prostatectomy. On autopsy, the veins in the fat of
B. – Tissue prostatectomy; veins of small pelvis
his small pelvis revealed some motley vermiform
embolism C. contain motley vermiform masses with a
masses with a dim rough surface that were A.
Microbial embolism dim rough surface that were fastened to
32. fastened to the walls of the vessels. The left Thrombembol
D. Embolism the walls of the vessels; pulmonary
branch of the pulmonary artery contained some ia
with foreign arteries contain masses of same kind
masses of the same kind which freely lied in its
bodies E. Fat which freely lied in its lumen
lumen. Indicate the most probable kind of
embolism
embolism of the pulmonary artery.

A. Hyperaemia after
anemia
Patients with liver cirrhosis after extraction from
B. Inflammatory
the abdominal cavity of 10 liters of ascitic fluid collapse and congestion peritoneum after A.
C. Vakatnaya
33. development collapse and congestion peritoneum extraction from abdominal cavity many Hyperaemia
D. Collateral
. ascitic fluid after anemia
E. Hyperaemia on
Which kind arterial hyperemia of the peritoneum.
the basis of arterio-
venous fistula
 The patient, who has revealed deep vein
A. thromboembolism
thrombophlebitis leg, sudden death occurred. In
B. thrombosis
the pulmonary trunk and the bifurcation of the thrombophlebitis of leg veins; red friable A.
C. tissue embolism
34. pulmonary artery revealed unconfined red friable mass with a rough dull surface in thromboembol
D. embolism alien
mass with a rough dull surface. What is the pulmonary vessels ism
bodies
pathological process in the pulmonary artery
E. fat embolism
revealed a pathologist?
For a histological examination, a vermiform
process (appendix) was sent. Its size is increased,
the serous membrane is dim, plethoric and A. Phlegmonous
covered with greyish films, the wall is thickened B. Catarrhal serous membrane is dim, plethoric with
A.
35. and some pus is discharged from the lumen. C. Putrid greyish films; wall is thickened; pus in
Phlegmonous
Microscopically, a plethora of the vessels, an D. Mixed lumen; diffuse infiltration by leukocytes
oedema of all the layers and their diffuse E. Fibrinous
infiltration by leukocytes are observed. Name the
kind of inflammation in the vermiform process.

An examination of a 7-year-old child, who was

referred to infectious department with complaints
about a sharp pain in his throat, difficult
swallowing, an elevated body temperature up to A. Diphtheritic
mucosa are covered with yellow-whitish
39oC, an oedema of his neck, revealed that the B. Suppurative
films which were closely adjacent to A.
36. tonsils were enlarged, their mucosa was plethoric C. Serous
mucosa; remove a film results in a deep Diphtheritic
and covered with a large number of D. Croupous
bleeding defect
yellowwhitish films which were closely adjacent E. Haemorrhagic
to the mucosa. An attempt to remove a film
results in a deep bleeding defect. What kind of
inflammation takes place?
 A. Cellular cytotoxicity
B. Anaphylaxis C.
In a child, 48 hours after a tuberculin (Mantoux)
Antibodydependent
test, a papule up to 10 cm in diameter formed at
cytotoxicity D. great papule formed at the place of A. Cellular
37. the place of an injection of tuberculin. What
Immunocomplex tuberculin injection cytotoxicity
mechanism of hypersensitivity lay in the basis of
cytotoxicity E.
the above changes?
Granulomatosis

A. Immunocomplex
A 23-year-old male patient developed the urinary mechanism
syndrome (haematuria, proteinuria, leukocyturia) B. Anaphylactic
after having angina. A puncture biopsy of the reaction C. urinary syndrome after angina;
Antibodydependent A.
kidneys revealed a picture of intracapillary intracapillary proliferative
38. cytotoxic reaction Immunocompl
proliferative glomerulonephritis, while on glomerulonephritis; large subepithelial
D. Cell-dependent ex mechanism
electron microscopy some large subepithelial deposits in nephron
deposits were found out. What was the cytolysis
pathogenesis of this disease? E. Granulomatosis

A microscopic examination of the thymus

revealed a reduced volume of the lobules, A. Atrophy
reduced volume of the lobules,
petrification of the thymus corpuscles, a B. Aplasia
petrification of the thymus corpuscles, a
39. substitutive vegetation of the connective and fat C. Agenesia A. Atrophy
substitutive vegetation of the connective
tissues. The production of thymic hormones was D. Dysplasia
and fat tissues
significantly decreased. What kind of pathology E. Thymomegaly
of the gland was it?
 At the autopsy of a corpse of a young man who
died after a bite of a snake from multiple organ multiple organ failure; sludge
A. thrombosis B.
failure, a sludge phenomenon and numerous phenomenon; numerous thrombi in
general venous
thrombi in the microvessels of the lungs, kidneys, microvessels of lungs, kidneys, liver,
plethora
liver, adrenal glands, pituitary gland, brain, adrenal glands, pituitary gland, brain, E.
40. C. Blood congestion
gastrointestinal tract, skin were revealed. Along gastrointestinal tract, skin; multiple DICsyndrome
D. general acute
with this there were multiple hemorrhages in the hemorrhages in lungs, brain
anemia
lungs, the brain, in combination with dystrophy (hypercoagulation turns into
E. DIC-syndrome
and necrosis of organs and tissues. What kind of hypocoagulation)
blood circulation disorder is in this case?
A. general venous
A man 45 years old died of liver failure. At the hypertension
intersection revealed thrombosis of the liver veins B. a stasis of
(Budd-Chiari Syndrome), muscat cirrhosis of the blood C. compressive thrombosis of the liver veins E. obstructive
41. liver, ascites. At the anterior abdominal wall, the venous hyperemia (BuddChiari Syndrome); muscat venous
vessels are sharply enlarged, filled with dark D. collateral cirrhosis of the liver hyperemia
cherry blossoms, with a characteristic pattern of venous congestion
"jellyfish heads". The above changes are due to: E. obstructive
venous hyperemia

A. haemorrhagia
A woman 23 years old was taken to a surgical
over rhexin
department diagnosed with "ectopic pregnancy"
B. hemorrhagia
and a picture of general acute anemia. During through diapedesin C. E.
surgery, the surgeon found elastic clots in the petechiae autchichems ectopic pregnancy; acute anemia; elastic haemorrhagia
42.
cavity of the small pelvis and about 1000 ml of D. suggilatio E. clots and blood in small pelvis through
liquid blood. What type of disorder of blood haemorrhagia diabrosin
circulation on the mechanism of its formation through diabrosin
revealed a surgeon?
 A 57-year-old man suffering from a trophic ulcer
of the left shin has pain, redness, a feeling of A. phlebothrombosis
warmth, swelling in the affected shin. During a B. DIC-syndrome C. trophic ulcer of shin; in the lumen of vein E.
43. surgery in the lumen of the veins, a dry clot of sludge phenomenon is a dry clot of blood, which is easily thrombophlebi
blood, which is easily crumbly, layered, with a D. Blood stasis crumbled, layered, with a rough surface tis
rough surface, is detected. The described changes E. thrombophlebitis
are a manifestation:
A 32-year-old woman suffering from subacute
septic endocarditis suddenly lost her vision in the A. Phlebothrombosis
right eye. During examination, an B. DIC-syndrome C. E.
septic endocarditis; lost vision; sharp
44. ophthalmologist showed a sharp increase in the Sladge phenomenon Thromboemb
increase artery lumen; blood clot in it
lumen of the central artery of the eye and the D. Blood stasis. olism
presence of a blood clot in it. The detected E. Thromboembolism
changes are a manifestation:
An experimental animal received a subcutaneous
A. Delayed
dose of an antigen preceded by sensitization. At
hypersensitivity B. second dose of an antigen after
the place of the injection, some fibrinous
Transplantation sensitization; fibrinous inflammation;
inflammation developed with an alteration of the E. Immediate
immunoreaction C. mucoid and fibrinoid swelling, a
45. vascular walls, the main substance and fibrous hypersensitivit
Normergy fibrinoid necrosis of the vascular walls,
structures of the connective tissue in the form of y
D. Granulomatosis E. the main substance and fibrous structures
a mucoid and fibrinoid swelling, a fibrinoid
Immediate of the connective tissue
necrosis. Which of the diagnoses listed below
hypersensitivity
was the most probable?
 A histological examination of the lungs if a male,
who suffered for many years from atopic A. Cytotoxic reaction
bronchial asthma and died of asphyxia, revealed B. Immunocomplex
much mucus with an admixture of eosinophils in reaction atopic bronchial asthma; much mucus
E. Reaginic
46. the lumens of the bronchioles and small bronchi, C. Cytolysis owing with eosinophils; dilation of alveolar
reaction
sclerosis of interalveolar septa, dilation of alveolar to lymphocytes D. lumens
lumens. Which of the mechanisms in the Granulomatosis
development of a hypersensitivity reaction took E. Reaginic reaction
place when a fit of asphyxia developed?
A study of the thymus of a 5-year-old child, who A. Thymomegaly
died from acute destructive staphylococcal B. Hypoplasia of
pneumonia, revealed a decrease in the weight of the thymus
thymus of a 5-year-old child; great
the gland down to 3.0 g. On histological C. Dysplasia of the
decrease of gland weight; smaller size of E. Accidental
47. examination, a smaller size of the lobules of the thymus
lobules with a collapse of the stroma; reaction
gland with a collapse of the stroma, an inversion D. Agenesia of the
inversion of layers
of the layers, and cyst-like Hassal’s bodies were thymus
found out. Which of the diagnoses listed below E. Accidental
was the most probable? reaction
An examination of a pregnant woman with a
A. Immediate
rhesus-negative group of blood revealed a high
hypersensitivity B.
level of antierythrocyte antibodies; in order to
Delayed
decrease it, a skin flap of her rhesus-positive skin flap of husband was graft; rejection
hypersensitivity C.
husband was grafted to her. Two weeks later the through 2 weeks; inflammation with E.
Granulomatous
48. flap was rejected; its microscopic examination cellular infiltration mostly by Transplantatio
inflammation
revealed disturbances of circulation, an oedema, a lymphocytes, neutrophils and n immunity
D. Interstitial
cellular infiltration mostly by lymphocytes, macrophages
inflammation
neutrophils and macrophages. Which of the
E. Transplantation
pathological processes listed below was the most
immunity
probable?
 An autopsy of a 43-year-old female, who suffered
from attacks of expiratory dyspnoea during her
life-time and died from asphyxia, revealed some
dense glass-like mucus in the lumens of the A. Cytotoxic reaction
bronchi, their walls were thick, the lungs had foci B. Immunocomplex some dense glass-like mucus in the
of an emphysema and atelectases. A histological reaction lumens of the bronchi; foci of an
E. Reaginic
49. examination of the pulmonary tissue revealed C. Cytolysis owing emphysema and atelectasis; eosinophils,
reaction
some mucus with an admixture of eosinophils in to lymphocytes D. sclerosis of peribronchial tissue; dilation
the lumens of small bronchi, sclerosis of the Granulomatosis of lumens in alveoli (asthma)
peribronchial connective tissue and interalveolar E. Reaginic reaction
septa, dilation of the lumens in the alveoli. What
mechanism of hypersensitivity formed the basis
for the development of asphyxia?
A. Anaphylaxis B.
An 8-year-old child was done an intracutaneous
Antibodydependent tuberculin (Mantoux) test; dense
tuberculin (Mantoux) test with a diagnostic
cytotoxicity C. hyperaemic papule with necrosis in its
purpose. Forty-eight hours following the injection
Immunocomplex centre E. Cellular
50. of tuberculin, a dense hyperaemic papule, 20 mm cytotoxicity cytotoxicity
in diameter, with necrosis in its centre formed. D. Granulomatosis
Name the mechanism of hypersensitivity which E. Cellular
lay in the basis of the above changes. cytotoxicity
A 16-year-old youth developed oedemata of his
face, oliguria and an increased blood pressure 20 A. Anaphylactic
days after he recovered from scarlet fever. A reaction B.
urinalysis revealed an increase of relative density, Antibodydependent
scarlet fever in anamneses; haematuria,
haematuria, proteinuria. On microscopic cytotoxic reaction E.
proteinuria, intracapillary proliferative
51. examination of a renal biopsy, a picture of C. Cell-dependent Immunocompl
glomerulonephritis with deposits on the
intracapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis was cytolysis ex mechanism
basal membranes
found out, while an electron microscopy revealed D. Granulomatosis
deposits on the basal membranes. Which of the E. Immunocomplex
mechanisms listed below lay in the basis of this mechanism
disease?
 Three years ago in the open skin areas of a female
worker of a shop which manufactures synthetic
detergents appeared eruptions in the form of
papules, vesicles and small weeping erosions,
A. Anaphylactic
some of them were covered with crusts. The
reaction B.
patient notices that in case of a direct contact with
Antibodydependent
detergents her skin manifestations intensify. Skin eruptions in the form of papules, vesicles
cytotoxic reaction
tests with several chemical substances and small weeping erosions which E. Cellular
52. C. Granulomatosis D.
manufactured at the shop are positive. A intensify at direct contact with detergents; cytotoxicity
Immunocomplex
histological examination of an area of the affected eczema was diagnosed
mechanism
skin revealed acanthosis and hyperkeratosis, an
E. Cellular
oedema of the derma, a vascular plethora, as well
cytotoxicity
as a perivascular lymphocytic infiltration.
Clinically, occupational eczema was diagnosed.
Which of the immunological mechanisms lies in
the basis of this disease?
In a 10-year-old child, eating of strawberries was A. Granulomatosis
followed by appearance of some disseminated B.
monomorphous and severely itching urticaria (red Antibodydependent eating of strawberries leds to
blisters of the round and oval form), elevation of cytotoxic reaction disseminated monomorphous and
body temperature up to 37.8°C and a C. Cellular severely itching urticaria (red blisters of E.
53. gastrointestinal disturbance. A blood analysis cytotoxicity the round and oval form); temperature up Anaphylactic
revealed eosinophilia. After taking of D. Immunocomplex to 37.8°C; gastrointestinal disturbance; reaction
antihistamine agents the above manifestations mechanism eosinophilia in analisis and effective
were rapidly controlled. Which of the E. Anaphylactic antihistamine agents
immunological mechanisms lay in the basis of this
disease? reaction
 A. Hereditary
insufficiency of the
peripheral
An autopsy of a 23-year-old female, who died lymphoid tissue
from puerperal sepsis, revealed an enlarged B. Immediate
plethoric spleen whose section gave an abundant hypersensitivity
scrape. Microscopically, hyperplasia and a reaction C. puerperal sepsis; hyperplasia and a E. Antigenic
54. plasmacytic infiltration of both the red pulp and Delayed plasmacytic infiltration of both red pulp stimulation of
splenic follicles were found out; the red pulp was hypersensitivity and splenic follicles the organism
rich in macrophages. Which of the reaction
immunopathological mechanisms most probably D. Autoimmunization
lay in the basis of the changes in the spleen? E. Antigenic
stimulation of the
organism
A. Reaginic
anaphylactic reaction
B. Pathogenic effect
Nine days after receiving large doses of the
of sensitized
antitetanic serum a female patient developed E.
lymphocytes C. urticaria, temperature, skin itch, oedema
55. urticaria with an elevated body temperature, skin Granulomatosis D. Immunocompl
of mucosa after antitetanic serum
itch, an oedema of mucosae. Indicate the Cytotoxic effect of ex mechanism
immunological mechanism of the disease. antibodies
E. Immunocomplex
mechanism
 A. Autoimmune
This disease develops in newborns and manifests disease
itself in the form of persistent diarrhoeae, general B. Syndrome of
cachexia and a clinical picture of sepsis. The insufficiency of
children die at the age of 2-3 years. On cellular immunity C.
Antibody deficiency thymus reticular stroma without epithelial E. Combined
postmortem examination, the thymus is
immunodefici
56. represented with a reticular stroma, no epithelial syndrome reticulum, thymus corpuscles and
ency
reticulum, thymus corpuscles and lymphocytes are lymphocytes (severe stage of hypoplasia
syndrome
present. The lymphoid organs are characterized by D. AIDS-related
a severe stage of hypoplasia. What type of syndrome E.
immunopathological processes does the above Combined
disease belong to? immunodeficiency
syndrome
A. Lymphoma
A histological examination of an increased B. Acute
cervical lymph node in a male patient, who lymphadenitis C.
worked at an enterprise with occupational Lymphogranulomatosi lymph node are characterized plethora
hazards, revealed a plethora and swelling of the s and swelling of the cortical layer, light E. Antigenic
cortical layer, the light centre of follicles and the D. Insufficiency of centre of follicles and medullary stimulation of
57.
medullary substance contained a large amount of peripheral lymphoid substance with a large amount of plasma lymphoid
plasma cells, the number of lymphocytes was tissue cells; active proliferation of sinus cells; tissue
reduced, there was an active proliferation of sinus E. Antigenic significant macrophage response
cells and a significant macrophage response. stimulation of
Name the character of changes in the lymph node. lymphoid tissue
 A. Focal interstitial
exudative
An autopsy of a 9-year-old child, who suffered myocarditis B.
from rheumatism and died of heart failure, Granulomatous
revealed dilatation of cavities in the ventricles of productive rheumatism; heart failure; dilatation of E. Diffuse
his heart. Microscopically, the myocardial stroma myocarditis C. ventricles; plethora, oedema, diffuse interstitial
58. Interstitial productive
was characterized by a plethora, oedema, diffuse infiltration of histiocytes, lymphocytes, exudative
infiltrations of histiocytes, lymphocytes, myocarditis D. neutrophils and eosinophils myocarditis
neutrophils and eosinophils. What diagnosis was Alterative
the most probable one? myocarditis
E. Diffuse interstitial
exudative myocarditis
A. Delayed
hypersensitivity
reaction
A histological examination of a skin graft in a B. Immediate
male patient, who underwent dermatoplasty hypersensitivity
revealed a diffuse lymphohistiocytic infiltration reaction skin graft; diffuse lymphohistiocytic E. Graft
59. with an admixture of macrophages and C. Interstitial infiltration with macrophages and rejection
neutrophils, an oedema and haemorrhages. Which inflammation D. neutrophils: oedema and haemorrhages reaction
of the diagnoses listed below was the most Arthus
probable? phenomenon
E. Graft rejection
reaction
A. Hypersensitivity
of a delayed type B.
At histological research of a biopsy specimen
Reaction of the E.
from an auricle of a heart of a patient with transplantative Hypersensitivi
rheumatic disease the foci of a mucoid swelling, immunity rheumatic disease; mucoid swelling;
60. ty of an
fibrinoid necrosis of a connective tissue has been C. Normergic fibrinoid necrosis
immediate
found out. What immune response has developed reaction
type
in tissues of the auricle of the heart? D. Exudative
reaction E.
 Hypersensitivity of an
immediate type

The 30-year-old man has had for two months A. The type II
lacrination, pruritic palpebras, and rhinitis with B. The type III
lacrination, pruritic palpebras, and
61. mucus. All symptoms disappeared after treatment C. The type IV E. The type I
rhinitis;
by desensebilizators. What type of D. The type V
hypersensitivity occurred in patient? E. The type I
A. autoimmune
nonspecific B.
Histologic investigation of thyroid gland has bacterial
destruction and atrophy of follicles,
showed destruction and atrophy of follicles, C. infectious- E.
diffuse lymphoid infiltration with
62. diffuse lymphoid infiltration with formation of allergic autoimmune
formation of lymphoid follicles in thyroid
lymphoid follicles in the stroma. call the group of D. viruses specific
gland with inflammationitis
diseases with respect to this thyroiditis. infectious E.
autoimmune
specific
In biopsy of stomach in patient with autoimmune A. The type II B.
gastritis it was found out: infiltration by The type V
autoimmune gastritis; infiltration by
63. lymphocytes and macrophages in mucous layer. C. The type I E. The type IV
lymphocytes and macrophages
Which type of hypersensitivity is connected with D. The type III
these morphologic changes? E. The type IV
 A. Atrophy of
lymphoid tissue
B. Lymphosarcoma
In biopsy of lymph node it was found out a lot of E. Antigenic
C. Hodgkin’s a lot of lymphoid follicles with large
lymphoid follicles with large centers of stimulation
64. disease D. Metastases centers of duplication, increasing of
duplication, increasing of mitoses. Which process with follicular
of cancer mitoses
is characterized by these morphologic changes? hyperplasia
E. Antigenic
stimulation with
follicular hyperplasia
A. Acute
In biopsy of transplantanted kidney it was found glomerulonephritis
out: diffuse infiltration of stroma by lymphocytes, B. Ischemic transplantanted kidney; infiltration by
E. Immune
65. plasma cells, lymphoblasts, plasmablasts and infarction lymphocytes, plasma cells, lymphoblasts,
mutilation
necrotic arteriitis. Which pathologic process was C. Tuberculosis D. plasmablasts and necrotic arteriitis
appeared in organ? Acute pyelonephritis
E. Immune mutilation

A. Autoantibodies
to mitochondrias of
the lungs and kidneys
B. Autoantibodies
to
In the 30-year-old woman it was found: cough,
DNA E.
sputum with blood, fever, increased blood
C. Cytotoxic Autoantibodie
pressure, decreased urine output, edema of low reaction against (Lung and kidney are injured) s to basement
66. extremities. All symptoms have developed for 6 epithelium of renal Goodpasture’s syndrome membrane of
weeks. Diagnostic renal biopsy showed tubules the lungs and
Goodpasture’s syndrome. Which pathologic D. Appearance of kidneys
process is characteristic for this syndrome? immune complexes in
glomeruli of kidneys
and lungs
E. Autoantibodies
to basement
 membrane of the lungs
and
kidneys

The 30-year-old patient with transplanted kidney A. Tuberculosis

has received prolonged immunosupressive therapy
and he has died because of intoxication. immunosupressive therapy; giant cells
B. Syphilis E.
Microscopic examination showed giant cells with C. with large nuclei encircled by rings-like
67. Leprosy Cytomegalovi
large nuclei encircled by rings-like brightening, D. Bubonic plaque brightening, which looked as “owl-eye”
rus infection
which looked as “owl-eye”, located in the in the kidneys, liver, pancreas, lungs
E. Cytomegalovirus
kidneys, liver, pancreas, lungs. Call this disease. infection
A. Tumour
transformation enlarged lymph nodules near infected
Local lymph nodules enlarged near the infected
B. Innate wound; increased amount of
wound. Increased amount of macrophages,
insufficiencyof the macrophages, lymphocytes, lymphatic
lymphocytes, lymphatic follicles in the cortical
lymphoid tissue C. follicles in the cortical layer and large E. Antigen
68. layer and large amount of plasma cells were
Hypersensibility amount of plasma cells stimulation
revealed on histological examination. What
reaction D. Acquired
process in the lymphatic nodules represents these
insufficiency of the
histological changes?
lymphoid tissue E.
Antigen stimulation
 A. Hereditary
immundeficiency of
the complement
system often virus and bacterial infections,
A 12-year-old boy often suffers from virus and
eczema; enlargement of T-lymphocytes
bacterial infections and eczematous skin lesions. B. Composite
immunedefficiency and IgM; normal IgA and IgG (a variant E. Bruton's
Enlargement of T-lymphocytes and IgM with
69. of primary humoral immunodeficiency; hypogammagl
normal IgA and IgG was revealed on examination. C. Hypoplasia of
thymus impaired maturation of B-lymphocytes obulinemia
What type of immune system pathology is
D. Turner's and an almost complete absence of
presented in the patient?
syndrome E. Bruton's plasma cells and immunoglobulins)
hypogammaglobuline
mia
A. Anaphylaxis B.
Antibodydependent great papule formed at the place of
In a child, 48 hours after a tuberculin (Mantoux)
cytotoxicity C. tuberculin injection
test, a papule up to 10 cm in diameter formed at Immunocomplex
E. Cellular
70. the place of an injection of tuberculin. What cytotoxicity cytotoxicity
mechanism of hypersensitivity lay in the basis of D. Granulomatosis
the above changes? E. Cellular
cytotoxicity
The specimens present sections of haemopoetic
A. Lymphatic nodes
and immunogenetic organs. Organ has lymph
B. Hemolymph nodes organ with lymph nodes, lobules, bars;
tissue forming different structures (lymph nodes,
71. C. Tonsil antigen- independent proliferation and E. Thymus
lobules, bars). In what organ does antigen-
D. Spleen differentiation
independent proliferation and differentiation take
E. Thymus
place?
 A.
Neurohumoral
hypertrophy B.
Ten years ago a male patient’s right lung was Vicarious
organ with lymph nodes, lobules, bars;
removed because of a tumour, since then the hypertrophy E. Vicarious
72. antigen- independent proliferation and
capacity of his left lung has increased by 50 %. C. Work hypertrophy hypertrophy
differentiation
What process has developed in the left lung? D. Hypertrophic
vegetations E.
Vicarious
hypertrophy
A. Concentric
hypertrophy B.
An autopsy of a male patient, who died from
Vicarious
hypertensive disease, revealed an enlarged heart
hypertrophy hypertensive disease; enlarged heart with ??????
weighing 600 g, with a thickened left ventricular
73. C. Eccentric atrophy a thickened left ventricular wall and a E. Eccentric
wall up to 2 cm and a dilated cavity of the left
D. Vicarious dilated cavity of left ventricle hypertrophy
ventricle. Name the kind of an adaptive
hypertrophy E.
reconstruction in the heart.
Eccentric
hypertrophy
A. Anaphylactic
A 23-year-old male patient developed the urinary reaction B.
syndrome (haematuria, proteinuria, leukocyturia) Antibodydependent
after having angina. A puncture biopsy of the cytotoxic reaction urinary syndrome after angina;
C. Cell-dependent E.
kidneys revealed a picture of intracapillary intracapillary proliferative
74. Immunocompl
proliferative glomerulonephritis, while on electron cytolysis glomerulonephritis; large subepithelial
ex mechanism
microscopy some large subepithelial deposits were D. Granulomatosis deposits in nephron
found out. What was the pathogenesis of this E. Immunocomplex
disease? mechanism
 As a result of falling down, a small abrasion A. Substitution
formed of the knee of a child and some time later B. Physiological
75. it epithelialized completely without formation of C. Pathological completely epithelialized without any scar E. Restitution
any scar. What form of regeneration took place in D. Intracellular
this case? E. Restitution

A 74-year-old male died from chronic heart

A. Physiological
failure. On autopsy, an old postinfarction scar was
B. Pathological
found in the heart. A histological examination postinfarction scar - fibrosis and E.
76. C. Restitution
revealed a focus of fibrosis and hypertrophy of hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes Substitution
D. Intracellular
cardiomyocytes. What regeneration do the
E. Substitution
described changes manifest?
A. Substitution
Following a traumatic injury of the liver, there
B. Pathological postinfarction scar - fibrosis (where were
was a complete restoration of its structure and
77. C. Physiological cardiomiocells) and hypertrophy of E. Restitution
functions with time. What is the name for such a
D. Intracellular cardiomyocytes
kind of regeneration?
E. Restitution
A 20-year-old male patient with a posttraumatic
variceal dilation and thrombosis of the
subcutaneous vein in the middle third part of the A. Reconstruction
shin underwent its surgical removal. B. Canalization
78. Histologically, an obstructive thrombus was found C. Revascularization growing of a connective tissue into E.
in the lumen of the vein with growing of a thrombus Organization
D. Repair
connective tissue into the thrombus from the side E. Organization
of the vascular wall. What process did the changes
in the thrombus result from?
A male patient with chronic cystitis revealed, A. Leukoplakia
along with the transitional epithelium, foci of the B. Hyperplasia along with the transitional epithelium,
79. stratified squamous one without keratinization in a C. Dysplasia foci of the stratified squamous one E. Metaplasia
biopsy of the mucosa of his bladder. What D. Hyperkeratosis without keratinization
pathological process does it indicate? E. Metaplasia
 A 30-year-old male patient, who 10 years before A. Work
had undergone removal of his traumatized left hypertrophy
kidney, against a background of good health B. Hyperplasia
revealed a twice-fold enlargement of the right C. Neurohumoral enlargement of right kidney after E. Vicarious
80.
kidney in comparison with the norm on hypertrophy removaled left kidney hypertrophy
prophylactic medical examination. Which of the D. Pseudohypertrophy
listed processes was the most probable one in the E. Vicarious
kidney? hypertrophy

A. Complete
reparative
A microscopic examination of a myocardium regeneration B.
revealed postinfarction transmural cardiosclerosis Physiological
postinfarction cardiosclerosis surrounded E.
surrounded by enlarged cardiomyocytes with regeneration C.
81. by enlarged cardiomyocytes with large Regenerative
large hyperchromatic nuclei rich in DNA. Which Pathological
regeneration hyperchromic nuclei riched in DNA hypertrophy
of the listed morphological processes in the
cardiomyocytes was the most probable? D. Work hypertrophy
E. Regenerative
hypertrophy
A. Dysfunctional
An autopsy of a 75-year-old male patient, who
B. Caused by
suffered from a prostatic adenoma and died of
physical factors C.
renal insufficiency, revealed enlarged kidneys; on prostatic adenoma; atrophy of kidneys
Neurotic D. Caused E. Caused by
82. section, there was an atrophy of the parenchyma parenchyma; a lot of thin-walled cavities
by insufficiency of pressure
and a lot of thin-walled cavities filled with urine. filled with urine
blood circulation
Which of the listed kinds of an atrophy in the
E. Caused by pressure
kidney was the most probable?
 A. Under a
In a postoperative wound of a 10-year-old child, crust
who was operated for acute appendicitis; 2-3 days B. Simple C. was operated for acute appendicitis (in
E. By first
83. later appeared some granulation tissue and on the By second aseptic condition); granulation tissue;
intention
10th day a small thin scar was formed. Name the intention small thin scar
kind of healing. D. By epithelization
E. By first intention
A. Hypertrophic
A histological examination of a scrape from the vegetation B.
mucous membrane of the uterus was made in a 50- Vicarious
year-old female patient who complained of a hypertrophy C. 50-year-old female; disorder in the
E.
disorder in the ovariomenstrual cycle manifested Regenerative ovariomenstrual cycle (pre-,
84. hypertrophy D. Neurohumoral
by irregular significant haemorrhages. A postmenopausal period); cystoglandular
Vicarious hyperplasia
cystoglandular hyperplasia of the endometrium hyperplasia
was diagnosed. Name the kind of the pathological hypertrophy
process in the endometrium. E. Neurohumoral
hyperplasia

A biopsy of a bronchus of a 50-year-old male

A. Hyperplasia
patient, who suffered from chronic bronchitis for
B. Heterotopia chronic bronchitis for 20 years; foci of
20 years, revealed foci of substitution of the
85. C. Heteroplasia substitution of the stratified squamous E. Metaplasia
stratified squamous epithelium for the columnar
D. Dysplasia epithelium for the columnar one
one. Which of the pathological processes listed
E. Metaplasia
below took place?
For examination, a scrape from the mucous coat
of the uterus of a 45-year-old woman suffering
A. Hypertrophy
from dysfunctional uterine bleedings was sent.
B. Metaplasia dysfunctional uterine bleedings; increased
Histologically, an increased number of E.
86. C. Dysplasia number of endometrial glands and their
endometrial glands and their intensified branching Hyperplasia
D. Aplasia intensified branching
with a cyst-like dilation of the lumens were found.
E. Hyperplasia
Which of the pathological processes listed below
was the most probable?
 An autopsy of a 57-year-old male patient, who A. Hypertrophic
suffered from hypertensive disease and died of vegetations
cardiac decompensation, revealed an enlarged B. Brown
heart with dilated cavities. Microscopically, the atrophy C.
died of cardiac decompensation; enlarged
cardiomyocytes were significantly enlarged and Concentric E. Eccentric
87. heart with dilated cavities; fatty
had fatty degeneration with hyperchromatic hypertrophy D. hypertrophy
degeneration of cardiomyocytes
barrel-like nuclei. Which of the listed Vicarious
morphological processes in the heart was the most hypertrophy E.
probable? Eccentric
hypertrophy
A 4-years-old girl was operated because of an
A. Pathologic
acute appendicitis. During the operation in the
atrophy B.
retroperitoneal space it was found that the right
Physiologic atrophy right kidney and its renal artery is less
88. kidney is less by 1/3 in comparison with the left E. Hypoplasia
C. Aplasia than right one
one. The diameter of the right renal artery was 0,3
D. Agenesia
cm, the left one was 0,4 cm. What pathologic
E. Hypoplasia
process did occur in that case?

A. Pathologic
regeneration B.
A 23-years-old patient got a lesion of the liver
Physiologic
because of trauma. In time a structure and regeneration C. structure and functions of organ was
89. E. Restitution
functions of that organ was restored completely. restored completely
Metaplasia
What kind of regeneration did occur in that case? D. Substitution
E. Restitution
 A. Physiological
regeneration,
osteoclasts
B. Pathological
regeneration,
osteoclasts
C. Intracellular E. Reparative
A child fell down the tree and got a simple regeneration, regeneration,
fracture of the one of hand’s bones. In a time osteocytes D. Cellular fracture of bone; complete healing
90. osteoclasts
healing occurred. Call the kind of regeneration regeneration, and
and cells, which taking part in restoration. osteoclasts and osteoblasts
osteoclasts E.
Reparative
regeneration,
osteoclasts and
osteoblasts

A. Neurohumoral
hypertrophy
A patient has died as a result of cardiac B. Dyscirculatory
insufficiency. In anamnesis he had got a atrophy
C. Dysfunctional pulmonectomy (of right lung) in E.
pulmonectomy in account of cyst of the right
91. atrophy Replacement
lung. During the autopsy enlarged left one was anamnesis; enlarged left one
D. Physiologic hypertrophy
found out. Call the pathologic process in the left
lung. hypertrophy E.
Replacement
hypertrophy
 A patient has undergone to amputation of lower
A. Dystrophy
extremity. In a time a painful nodules appeared in
B. Inflammation
a stump. Amputatious neuromas were found out E.
92. C. Hyperemia D. amputatious neuromas
during the microscopical examination. What kind Regeneration
Metaplasia
of pathological processes do those formation
E. Regeneration
relate to?
A. Complete
regeneration
(restitution)
After deep burns of the skin a patient has got a B. Atrophy E. Incomplete
93. keloid scarring. What kind of pathologic C. Hypertrophy keloid scarring regeneration
processes do those formations relate to? D. Metaplasia E. (substitution)
Incomplete
regeneration
(substitution)
A. Tamponage of
the heart
Dystrophic changes of the heart muscle are B. Tonogenic
accompanied with cardiac cavity enlargement, dilatation
decrease of the strength of heart contraction, C. Cardiosclerosis Dystrophic changes of heart muscle; E. Myogenic
94.
increased amount of blood, which remains in the D. Emergency stage cardiac cavity enlargement dilatation
heart during systolic phase, overfilled veins. For of hyperfunction and
what state of heart is it characteristic? hypertrophy
E. Myogenic
dilatation
A. Lymphatic vessels
B. Parenchymatous
Decreased blood supply to the organs causes elements of the organ
Decreased blood supply; hypoxia; E.
hypoxia that activates fibroblasts function. C. Vessels of
95. fibroblasts activation (IDIOTIC Intercellular
Volume of what elements is increased in this microcircular stream
QUESTION) substance
case? D. Nerve elements
E. Intercellular
substance
 A. Hyperplasia B.
At autopsy of a patient died because of a cerebral
hemorrhage, strongly enlarged???? dense and Complete
strongly enlarged dense and anemic
anemic kidneys (size: 6x3x2 sm, weight 60.0 g) regeneration
(restitution) kidneys; small-granulated surface and
96. with a uniformly small-granulated surface and E. Atrophy
C. Hypertrophy with uniformly thinned cortex on a
with uniformly thinned cortex on a cut-surface
D. Metaplasia cutsurface
have been found out. Call adaptive-compensative
process in this case? E. Atrophy
A. Capillar
hemangioma
During surgery in a 17-year-old patient it was B.
revealed the tumour of 4,5–5,0 sm in size on the Hemangiopericytoma
lower surface of the liver with subserose C. dark-red color tumour; has cavities with E. Cavernous
97. Hemangioendothelio
localization, of dark-red color. On the section blood hemangioma
tumour has cavities with marked amount of blood. ma
What is preliminary diagnosis? D. Lymphangioma
E. Cavernous
hemangioma
A. Hemorrhagic
peritonitis
During autopsy approximately 2,0 liters of pus
B. Serous
have been found in the abdominal cavity of the
peritonitis C. pus in the abdominal cavity; peritoneum E.
body. Peritoneum is dull and of grayish shade,
98. Tuberculous with grayish-colored coating that is easily Fibrinopurule
serous tunic of intestines has grayish-colored
peritonitis removable nt peritonitis
coating that is easily removable. Specify the most
D. Necrosis
likely type of peritonitis in the patient:
E. Fibrinopurulent
peritonitis
 Examination of the anterior abdominal wall of a
pregnant woman revealed a tumour-like formation
that arose on the spot of a tumour that was A. Lipoma
tumour-like formation well-defined,
removed two years ago. The neoplasm was B. Fibrosarcoma
dense; composed of differentiated
99. welldefined, dense, 2,1 cm large. Histological C. Hibernoma E. Desmoid
connective tissue with prevailing collagen
examination revealed that the tumour was D. Leiomyoma
fibres
composed of differentiated connective tissue with E. Desmoid
prevailing collagen fibres. What tumour might be
suspected?

A 50-year-old man has felt vague abdominal

discomfort within past 4 months. Physical
examination revealed no lymphadenopathy, and
A. Melanoma
no abdominal masses or organomegaly at no lymphadenopathy; no abdominal
B. Hamartoma
palpation. Bowel sounds are heard. An abdominal masses or organomegaly; 20 cm
100. C. Adenocarcinoma E. Lipoma
CT scan shows a 20 cm retroperitoneal soft tissue retroperitoneal soft tissue mass; negative
D. Lymphoma
mass obscuring the left psoas muscle. A stool test for occult blood
E. Lipoma
specimen tested for occult blood is negative.
Which of the following neoplasms is this man
most likely to have?
A. Atrophy of
endometrium
A woman suffering from dysfunctional
B. Metaplasia
metrorrhagia was made a diagnostic abortion.
of endometrium C.
Histologically in the scrape there were a lot of Neoplasm of E.
dysfunctional metrorrhagia; a lot of small
small stamped glandulars covered with endometrium D. Glandularcystic
101. stamped glandulars covered with
multirowed epithelium. The lumens of some Hypertrophic hyperplasia of
multirowed epithelium and cysts
glandulars were cystically extended. Choose the growth endometrium
variant of general pathologic process in the E. Glandular-cystic
endometrium. hyperplasia of
endometrium
 A patient who has been abusing tobacco smoking
for a long time has got cough accompanied by
A. Hypoplasia
excretion of viscous mucus; weakness after minor
B. Hyperplasia
physical stress, pale skin. The patient has also lost squamous cell carcinoma in (ciliary
102. C. Necrosis E. Metaplasia
12,0 kg of body weight. Endoscopic examination epithelium was replaced)
D. Sclerosis
of biosy material his illness was diagnosed as
E. Metaplasia
squamous cell carcinoma. Name a pathological
process that preceded formation of the tumour:

Chronic inflammation and transformation of the A. Hyperplasia of the

one-layer ciliated epithelium into multiple- layers epithelium
chronic inflammation; transformation of
flat epithelium was revealed in the thickened B. Squamous cancer
103. ciliated epithelium into multiple- layers E. Metaplasia
mucous membrane of the bronchus bioptate of C. Leucoplacia
flat epithelium
the patient with smoke abuse. Which of the D. Sclerosis
processes is the most likely? E. Metaplasia
A 40-year-old woman has had a feeling of
abdominal discomfort for the past 8 months. On
pelvic examination, there is the right adnexal
mass. Abdominal CT scan demonstrates a 7 cm A. Squamous cell
cystic mass involving the right ovary with small carcinoma of ovary B. cystic mass in ovary is filled with
areas of calcification. The uterus is normal in Melanoma abundant hair and sebum; glandular
104. size. The right fallopian tube and ovary have C. Sarcoma of ovary D. spaces lined by columnar epithelium, E. Teratoma
been removed surgically. Grossly, the mass on Metastase of cervical squamous epithelium with hair follicles,
sectioning is filled with abundant hair and sebum. carcinoma cartilage, and dense connective tissue
Microscopically, the mass has glandular spaces E. Teratoma
lined by columnar epithelium, squamous
epithelium with hair follicles, cartilage, and dense
connective tissue. What type of tumour is it?
 Examination of a young woman revealed a
nodelike, soft and elastic homogenous tumour of A. Malignant
tumour along the acoustic nerve; cellular
pinkish-white colour along the acoustic nerve. neurinoma
fibrous bundles form rhythmic structures
The tumour contains cell bundles with oval B. Ganglioneurinoma
from parallel rows of regularly oriented
105. nuclei. Cellular fibrous bundles form rhythmic C. Neuroblastoma E. Neurinoma
cells arranged in form of a palisade with
structures made up by parallel rows of regularly D.
cell-free homogenous zone (Verocay
oriented cells arranged in form of a palisade with Ganglioneuroblastoma
bodies)
cell-free homogenous zone (Verocay bodies) E. Neurilemmoma
between them. What tumour is it?

6 months after delivery a woman had uterine

A. Squamous cell
bleeding. Gynecological examination revealed in
nonkeratinous 6 months after delivery; uterine bleeding;
the uterine cavity a dark-red tissue with multiple
carcinoma dark-red tissue with multiple cavities E.
cavities that resembled of "sponge". Microscopic
106. B. Adenocarcinoma (resembled of "sponge"); atypic light Chorioepitheli
examination of the tumour revealed some atypic
C. Fibromyoma epithelial Langhans cells and giant cells oma
light epithelial Langhans cells and giant cells of
D. Vesicular mole of cyncytiotrophoblast
cyncytiotrophoblast in blood lacunas. What
E. Chorioepithelioma
tumour is it?
Examination of a 55 year old woman revealed
under the skin of submandibular area a movable
slowly growing pasty formation with distinct A. Fibroma
formation with distinct borders;
borders 1,0x0,7 cm large. Histological B. Angioma
lipocytes that form segments of diffrent
107. examination revealed lipocytes that form C. Liposarcoma E. Lipoma
forms and sizes separated from each
segments of diffrent forms and sizes separated D. Fibrosarcoma
other by thin layers of connective tissue
from each other by thin layers of connective E. Lipoma
tissue with vessels. What is the most probable
diagnosis?
 A. Epidermoid
cancer without
keratinization
The microscopic analysis of bronch biopsy
B. Solid carcinoma
revealed a tumor that consisted of circumscribed E. Epidermoid
C. Mucous tumor with atypical cells of multylayer
108. accumulations of atypical cells of multylayer cancer with
carcinoma plane epithelium; "pearls"
plane epithelium, here and there with typical keratinization
D. Scirrhus
"pearls". What is the most likely diagnosis?
E. Epidermoid
cancer with
keratinization
A. Metaplasia
A female patient suffering from secondary
B. Leukoplasia
syphilis got foci of skin depigmentation in the E.
109. C. Dysplasia skin depigmentation
upper parts of her back. What pathological Leukoderma
D. Parakeratosis
process is it?
E. Leukoderma

A 53 year old patient consulted a doctor about

A. Geographic tongue
white patch on the mucous membrane of tongue.
B. Epidermoid cancer
This patch sticks out from the mucous membrane, white patch on mucous membrane with
C. Papilloma E.
110. its surface is cracked. Microscopic analysis cracked; thickening of multilayer
D. Median rhomboid Leukoplakia
reveals thickening of multilayer epithelium, epithelium, parakeratosis and acanthosis
glossitis
parakeratosis and acanthosis. What is the most
E. Leukoplakia
probable diagnosis?
A 75 year old male patient consulted a surgeon
A. Local
about a brown nonhealing ulcer of shin.
hemosiderosis
Examination of biopsy material revealed diffuse
B. Intradermal white patch on mucous membrane with
growth of polymorphic atypic cells with brown
111. nevus cracked; thickening of multilayer E. Melanoma
pigment in their cytoplasm. Pearls reaction was
C. Trophic ulcer epithelium, parakeratosis and acanthosis
negative. There were also a lot of pathological
D. Skin cancer
mitoses and foci of tissue necrosis. What is the
E. Melanoma
most probable diagnosis?
 A 69-year-old patient got a small plaque with A. Keratinizing
subsequent ulceration on the skin of the lower squamous cell
eyelid. The formation was removed. Microscopic carcinoma small plaque with ulceration on the skin
examination of dermis revealed complexes of B. Nonkeratinizing of eyelid; atypical epitelial cells arranged
atypical epitelial cells arranged perpendicularly to squamous cell perpendicularly to the basal membrane; E. Basal cell
112. carcinoma
the basal membrane on the periphery. The cells cells are dark, polygonal prismatic shape carcinoma
were dark, of polygonal prismatic shape with C. Adenocarcinoma with hyperchromic nuclei; frequent
hyperchromic nuclei with frequent mitoses. What D. Undifferentiated mitoses
is the histological form of carcinoma in this E. Basal cell
patient? carcinoma

A. Non-keratinizing
Histological study of the bronchial wall and squamous cell
adjacent lung segments revealed sheets and carcinoma
strands of squamous epithelium. The cells have B. Adenocarcinoma E.
moderately expressed symptoms of atypia: C. Scirrhus squamous epithelium with atypia; Keratinizing
113.
polymorphism, nuclear hyperchromatism, D. Undifferentiated complex with concentric pink formations squamous cell
mitoses. In the center of the complex there are carcinoma carcinoma
concentric pink formations. What is the most E. Keratinizing
likely diagnosis? squamous cell
carcinoma
Histologically, the internal wall of a cyst localized
A. Simple granuloma
on the upper jaw is lined with stratified squamous cyst is lined with stratified squamous
B. Epithelial
epithelium with underlying granulation tissue epithelium with granulation tissue
granuloma E. Cystic
114. infiltrated by lymphocytes. The external layer is infiltrated by lymphocytes; loose fibrous
C. Keratocyst granuloma
represented by loose fibrous connective tissue connective tissue with cicatrical fibrous
D. Ameloblastoma
surrounded by cicatrical fibrous tissue. What tissue externallly
E. Cystic granuloma
diagnosis can be made?
 A. Squamous cell
non-keratinizing
carcinoma
Microscopic examination of a skin tumor revealed
B. Solid carcinoma E.
that it invaded the underlying tissue, destroyed it
C. Adenocarcinoma tumor formed nests and cords of atypical Keratinizing
115. and formed nests and cords of atypical epithelium D. Medullary
epithelium with pearl-like formations squamous cell
which included some pearl-like formations.
carcinoma carcinoma
Specify the tumor:
E. Keratinizing
squamous cell
carcinoma
A. Acute
endometritis
Histologic analysis of uterus mucous membrane B. Leiomyoma
E. Glandular
revealed twisting glands, serrated and spinned, C. Cystic mole twisting glands were extended by stroma
116. hyperplasia of
they were extended by stroma growth with D. Placental polyp growth with cells proliferation
endometrium
proliferation of its cells. Formulate a diagnosis: E. Glandular
hyperplasia of
endometrium

Microscopy of colonic biopsy material revealed a A. Basal cell

tumor made up of prismatic epithelium and carcinoma
forming atypical glandular structures of various B. Solid carcinoma
tumor with atypical glandular structure; E.
shapes and sizes. The basal membrane of glands C. Mucosal
117. basal membrane was destroyed; cells Adenocarcino
was destroyed. Tumour cells were polymorphic, carcinoma D.
with pathological mitoses ma
with hyperchromatic nuclei and a large number Undifferentiated
of pathological mitoses. What is the most likely carcinoma
diagnosis? E. Adenocarcinoma
 The man of 46 years old has a dark patch on a
skin which towered and did not disturb. In course
of time a spot began to increase, pain appeared, a A. Basalioma
dark patch spot began to increase, pain
color became blackly-brown and a it was easy to B. Gemangioma
appeared, a color became blackly-brown;
118. feel the knot. Fusiform and polymorphic cells the C. Haematoma E. Melanoma
fusiform and polymorphic cells with
cytoplasm of which contained the pigment of D. Carcinoid
brown pigment in cytoplasm
brown color concerned on histological research E. Melanoma
of remote fabric. What tumour is the question
about?
Patient 46 years, delivered in a clinic with the A. Adenomatoidic
spontaneous break in the corner of lower jaw. In tumour
solid whitish color tissue with brown
the site of fracture substituted by solid whitish B. Odontogenic
insertion; isles of the rounded form,
color tissue with brown insertion. At karcinoma E.
limited by a cylindrical and cube
119. pathohistological research the isles of the C. Complex Ameloblastom
epithelium; In a center are asteroid, oval
rounded form, limited by a cylindrical and cube odontoma a
polygonal cells which form a net
epithelium, are exposed. In a center are asteroid, D.
(plexiform type)
oval polygonal cells which form a net. What is Odentomeoblastoma
the name of a tumour? E. Ameloblastoma
At a woman in 6 months, the uterine bleeding
A. Squamous cell
developed after births; at gynaecological
nonkeratinous 6 months after delivery; uterine bleeding;
examination in the cavity of uterus found out
carcinoma dark-red tissue with multiple cavities E.
tissue crimson color with plural cavities,
120. B. Adenocarcinoma (resembled of "sponge"); atypic light Chorionepithe
reminding a «sponge». At microscopic research
C. Fibromyoma epithelial Langhans cells and giant cells lioma
of tumor in tissue of blood found out the atypical
D. Vesicular mole of cyncytiotrophoblast
light ephithelial cells of Langhans and giant cells
E. Chorioepithelioma
of syncytiotrophoblast. Name a tumour.
 At the patient of 21 year the tumor of frontal part
of right hemisphere is remoted from head brain.
A. Oligodendroglioma
Tumor is a 5 sm in diametr, unclear delimited young age patient; unclear delimited from
B. Ganglioneuroma
from near-by tissue. On a cut - homogeneous nearby tissu (expansive-infiltrative grow); E.
121. C. Epsidimoma
kind, histological — consists of cells the homogeneous kindж numerous sprouts of Astrocytoma
D. Chorionpapiloma
numerous sprouts of which form thick cells form thick interlacements
E. Astrocytoma
interlacements. What tumour took place in a
cerebrum?
At a patient on the skin of person gradual a
A. Sarcoma
nameplate developed with necrosis and ulcer in a
B. Villoma pathology with necrosis and ulcer in a
center. At pathohistologic research of bioptate E. Carcinoma
122. C. Trophic ulcer center; atypical ephithelial cells with
excrescence of atypical ephithelial cells is of skin
D. Fibroma pathological mitosises
exposed with plenty of pathological mitosises.
E. Carcinoma of skin
What is the most reliable diagnosis?
A dense tumour mobile is macroscopically found A. Leiomyoma
in a skin. At a microscopy she is presented by the B. Melanoma dense mobile tumour; chaotically located
E. Hard
123. chaotically located bunches of collogens fibres C. Lipoma bunches of collogens fibres with the
fibroma
with the two-bit of fusiform cells. What tumour is D. Angioneoplasm twobit of fusiform cells
remote? E. Hard fibroma
At a patient on small curvature in pyloric A. Flatcell carcinoma
department found out formation of crateriform. B. Scirrhus of stomach
From the regional area of education a biopsy is C. Mucous formation of crateriform form; tumour
E.
taken. Information of histological research: carcinoma of stomach with the glandlike structures of different
124. Solid carcinoma form and size, ingrowing in surrounding Adenocarcino
tumour with the glandlike structures of different D.
ma
form and size, ingrowing in surrounding tissue by of stomach tissue
expressed congestion of cells. Name the E. Adenocarcinoma
histological variant of this tumour.
 At a patient 55 years the relapsive uterine A. Ferrous
bleeding appeared. The diagnostic hyperplasia of
endometrectomy is executed. In endometrium endometrium B.
ferrous elements of different size and
structure among the elements of blood evidently Chorionepithelioma E.
C. Adenomatous form, formed by atypical cells with
125. the ferrous elements of different size and form, Adenocarcino
polypus hyperchromatic nuclei and pathological
formed by atypical cells with hyperchromic ma
D. Signs of the mitosis
nuclei, with numerous mitosises (including
pathological). About what process is it possible to interrupted pregnancy
think? E. Adenocarcinoma
At the autopsy of a deceased man who died in the A. Alimentary
result of intoxication there were found following B. Pituitary C.
signs: cachexia, muscle atrophy, wrinkled skin, Cerebral D. One that stenotic tumor of antral part of stomach
126. reduced weight of internal organs, stenotic tumor accompanies chronic with metastases in the liver and regional E. Cancerous
of antral part of stomach with metastases in the infectious disease lymph nodes
liver and regional lymph nodes. What type of E. Cancerous
cachexia is the most likely?
At microscopy study of skin neoplasm of brown
colour there was found that the tumor consists of A. Hematoidin
nevus cells that are located in the dermis as B. Hemosiderin
127. conglomerations and chords. Cytoplasm of cells C. Bilirubin tumor consists of nevus cells E. Melanin
contains brown pigment, which gives a negative D. Hemomelanin
Perl’s reaction. Which pigment is the most E. Melanin
probably found in the cytoplasm of cells?
Examination of a 29-year-old patient revealed a A.
dense, immobile, ill- defined tumor-like formation Osteoblastoclastoma
in the lower jaw. The overlying mucosa was pale. B. Exacerbation of
Biopsy of the neoplasm revealed osteoid chronic osteomyelitis
tumor; osteoid structures lined with E.
128. structures lined with atypical osteoblasts; C.
atypical osteoblasts Osteosarcoma
numerous pathologic mitotic figures; a great Ameloblastoma
number of thin- walled vessels. What is the most D. Primary jaw
likely diagnosis? carcinoma E.
Osteosarcoma
 In a male patient, a visual examination of the skin
of his back revealed some spherical tumour, 2 cm
A. Leiomyoma
in diameter, which was thick in consistency and
B. Haemangioma tumor with thick in consistency and clear
had clear borders with the surrounding tissues.
129. C. Melanoma borders; consist of collagenous fibres and E. Fibroma
Microscopically, the tumour consisted of some
D. Lipoma a small numbers of connective tissue cells
chaotically interlaced bundles of collagenous
E. Fibroma
fibres and small numbers of connective tissue
cells. Name the tumour.
A histological examination of a scrape from the A. Glandular
mucous coat of the uterus made in a female hyperplasia of
patient, who complained of a disorder in the endometrium B.
ovariomenstrual cycle, revealed vegetation of the Chorionepithelioma atypical epithelial cells with
C. Mucinous E.
glandular structures consisting of atypical hyperchromatic nuclei and pathological
130. carcinoma D. Adenocarcino
epithelial cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and mitosis; an impairment in the integrity of
Dimorphic ma
pathological mitoses. The changes in the the basal membrane
glandular structures were accompanied by an carcinoma
impairment in the integrity of the basal membrane E. Adenocarcinoma
of the cells. Make a diagnosis.
A. Nonkeratinizing
On bronchoscopy, an exophytic tumour was squamous cell
found; it was localized in the bronchus and carcinoma B.
significantly narrowed its lumen. Histologically, Large-cell tumour in the bronchus; consisted of
E.
the tumour consisted of complexes of carcinoma C. complexes of polymorphous epithelial
Keratinizing
131. polymorphous epithelial cells with Small-cell cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and
carcinoma squamous cell
hyperchromatic nuclei and pathological mitoses. pathological mitosis; eosinophilic
D. Adenoacanthoma carcinoma
Among the tumour cells there were eosinophilic concentric structures ("cancer pearls")
concentric structures. Make a diagnosis of the E. Keratinizing
tumour. squamous cell
carcinoma
 A. Transitional cell
carcinoma
A microscopic examination of a biopsy from a
B. Nonkeratinizing
uterine cervix revealed some neoplasm consisting squamous cell
neoplasm with stratified squamous E.
of the stratified squamous epithelium carcinoma epithelium with nuclear atypism, Keratinizing
132. characterized by cellular and nuclear atypism, C. Adenocarcinoma pathological mitoses; keratin pearls in the squamous cell
pathological mitoses, as well as keratin pearls in D. Solid carcinoma
depth carcinoma
the depth of the epithelial layers. What is your E. Keratinizing
diagnosis? squamous cell
carcinoma
For a histological examination, an eyeball was
A. Neurilemmoma
sent; some black tumour, 1 x 0.4 cm in size, was
B. Angiosarcoma
revealed in its vascular membrane.
C. Neuroblastoma D. some black tumor ... in vascular
133. Microscopically, the tumour consisted of large membrane; large polymorphous cells ... E. Melanoma
polymorphous cells grouped in alveolar structures. contained brown pigment
The cytoplasm of the cells contained some brown Ganglioneuroblastoma
pigment. What is your diagnosis? E. Melanoma
A microscopic examination of a biopsy from a A. Basal cell
large intestine revealed some tumour made of the carcinoma tumour with columnar epithelium,
columnar epithelium which formed atypical B. Solid carcinoma atypical glandular structures of various E.
134. glandular structures of various shapes and size. C. Mucinous shapes and size; cells were Adenocarcino
The epithelial cells were polymorphous and with carcinoma polymorphous, hyperchromatic nuclei, ma
hyperchromatic nuclei, there were pathological D. Carcinoma simplex pathological mitoses
mitoses. What is your diagnosis? E. Adenocarcinoma
A 65-year-old woman underwent removal of some
tumour, 1.0 x 1.0 x 0.8 cm in size, localized under
the skin of her thigh. Macroscopically, the tumour A. Hibernoma tumour under the skin; connective-tissue
had a connective-tissue capsule and was B. Liposarcoma capsule around yellowish lobate tissue;
135. represented on section with a yellowish lobate C. Fibroma large cells with sudanophilic cytoplasm; E. Lipoma
tissue. Microscopically, there were large cells, D. Desmoid formed lobules separated with connective-
which had the sudanophilic cytoplasm and formed E. Lipoma tissue layers
lobules separated with connective-tissue layers.
Name this tumour.
 A thick encapsulated node, 2.0 cm in diameter,
was surgically removed from the mammary gland
of a female patient. On section, the tissue of the A. Adenoma
thick encapsulated node; white-pink and
node was white-pink and fibrous. B. Nonproliferative
fibrous tissue; glandular structures
mastopathy
Microscopically, the tumour consisted of without signs cellular atypism; E.
136. C. Proliferative
glandular structures, which had no signs of compressed with a connective tissue; Fibroadenoma
mastopathy
cellular atypism and were compressed with a stroma prevailed over the glandular
D. Adenocarcinoma
connective tissue vegetating around. In the parenchyma
E. Fibroadenoma
tumour, the stroma prevailed over the glandular
parenchyma. What is your diagnosis?
A male patient, who suffered from chronic A. Mucinous
bronchitis for a long period of time, revealed a carcinoma
pulmonary tumour, which was closely connected B. Solid carcinoma
with the bronchial wall and grew in the form of a C. Nonkeratinizing tumour with polymorphous epithelial E.
polyp. Microscopically, the tumour consisted of squamous cell cells with a large number of mitoses; Keratinizing
137. complexes of polymorphous epithelial cells with a carcinoma stratified concentric oxyphilic structures squamous cell
large number of mitoses. Among the tumour cells D. Adenocarcinoma E. in deep (cancer pearls) carcinoma
there were stratified concentric oxyphilic Keratinizing squamous
structures. Name the histological type of the cell carcinoma
tumour.
A tumour was found in the locus of a pathological
fracture of a rib in a male patient. The case history A. Primary
contained information about persistent proteinuria macroglobulinaemia
persistent proteinuria with abnormal
with presence of abnormal proteins of BenceJones B. Heavy-chain
proteins of Bence-Jones type; osteolytic E. Multiple
138. type, as well as presence of osteolytic foci in the disease
foci; plasmablasts and plasmacytes in myeloma
bones of the spine, skull and pelvis. C. Osteosarcoma
tumor
Histologically, the tumour cells were represented D. Fibrosarcoma
by plasmablasts and plasmacytes. What is your E. Multiple myeloma
diagnosis?
 A 40-year-old male patient underwent removal
of a tumour, 2 cm in diameter, which was
A. Medulloblastoma
localized in the region of the cerebellopontine
B. Meningioma (near to cranial nerve;) spindle cells
angle of the brain stem and tended to grow into E.
139. C. Oligodendroglioma with rod-shaped nuclei; tumour cells and
the auditory meatus. Histologically, the tumour Schwannoma
D. Astrocytoma fibres formed rhythmic structures
consisted of spindle cells with rod-shaped nuclei;
E. Schwannoma
the tumour cells and fibres formed rhythmic
structures. Name the kind of the tumour.
A 6-year-old boy underwent removal of a A. Astrocytoma
tumour localized along the median line of the B. Oligodendroglioma
cerebellum. Histologically, the tumour consisted C. Multiform children's age; cerebellum; cells with E.
140. of the cells which had a poor crown of the spongioblastoma D. hyperchromatic nuclei with mitotic Medulloblasto
cytoplasm, a hyperchromatic nucleus, Bipolar spongioblastoma activity; form "rosettes" ma
demonstrated a mitotic activity and tended to E. Medulloblastoma
form "rosettes". What is your diagnosis?
An autopsy of a male, who died from chronic A. Primary amyloid
renal insufficiency, revealed numerous nodes nephropathy B.
with soft elastic consistency in the ribs, bones of Parathyroid chronic renal insufficiency; numerous
the vault of the skull and the breastbone. The osteodystrophy C. soft elastic decalcified nodes in flat E. Multiple
141.
osseous substance was decalcified according to Osteoma bones; kidneys enlarged, light grey, myeloma
the nodes. The kidneys were enlarged, light grey, dense, with greasy lustre
dense, their section had some greasy lustre. What D. Osteosarcoma
is your diagnosis? E. Multiple myeloma
Some tumour, which was mobile and clearly
delimited from the surrounding tissues, was A. Soft fibroma
mobile and clearly delimited tumor;
revealed in the skin. On section, the tumour B. Histiocytoma
tissue white and fibrous; chaotically E. Hard
142. tissue was white and fibrous. Microscopically, C. Dermatofibroma
interlaced collagenous fibres, a small fibroma
the tumour consisted of chaotically interlaced D. Desmoid
number of connective tissue cells
collagenous fibres and a small number of E. Hard fibroma
connective tissue cells. Name the tumour.
 A male underwent surgical removal of a black
tumour, 2 cm in diamete, from the skin of his
A. Carcinoma
thigh. Microscopically, the tumour consisted of
B. Sarcoma black tumour; polymorphous cells with
polymorphous cells, the cytoplasm of most of
143. C. Carcinosarcoma brown pigment; large number of E. Melanoma
them having some brown pigment (with a positive
D. Nevus pathological mitoses
reaction to DOPA). A large number of
E. Melanoma
pathological mitoses was registered. Which of the
tumours listed below was the most probable?
An enlarged dense tuberous prostate has been sent
for a histological examination. On section, there
were tumour nodes, 1-2 cm in diameter, surrounded A. Solid carcinoma
by connective-tissue layers. B. Adenoma glandular complexes with atypical E.
144. Microscopically, against a background of fibrosis C. Fibroma epithelial cells, hyperchromatic nuclei and Adenocarcino
there were glandular complexes with atypical D. Fibrosarcoma pathological mitoses ma
epithelial cells, hyperchromatic nuclei and E. Adenocarcinoma
pathological mitoses. Which of the tumours listed
below was the most probable?
A thick node without any clear borders, about 10
cm in diameter, is contoured on the outer surface A. Malignant
of a thigh. Microscopically, the tumour consists of histiocytoma B.
node without any clear borders; immature
immature fibroblast-like cells with pathological Hard fibroma E.
145. fibroblast-like cells with pathological
mitoses and collagenous fibres. The tumour cells C. Soft fibroma Fibrosarcoma
mitoses and collagenous fibres
grow among the muscular fibres. Indicate the D. Dermatofibroma
diagnosis which was the most probable one of E. Fibrosarcoma
those listed below.
 A tumour removed from the white matter of the
right hemisphere of the brain is some soft A. Oligodendroglioma
"motley" node, 4 cm in diameter, without any B.
soft "motley" node ... without any clear
clear borders with the substance of the brain. Oligodendroglioblasto
borders; consists of polymorphous cells E.
146. Microscopically, the tumour consists of ma
with numerous pathological mitoses; foci Glioblastoma
polymorphous cells with numerous pathological C. Astrocytoma
mitoses, and it also reveals foci of necrosis and of necrosis and haemorrhage
D. Astroblastoma
haemorrhages which occurred at different time. E. Glioblastoma
Name the tumor.

A. Venous
haemangioma
A newborn baby has some red-blue flattened
B. Capillary
tumor, 5 x 4 x 0.3 cm in size, in a capsule on the haemangioma red-blue flattened tumor; consists of large
skin of its face. Microscopically, the tumour C. thin-walled vascular cavities which have E. Cavernous
147.
consists of large thin-walled vascular cavities Hemangiopericytoma an endothelial lining and are filled with haemangioma
which have an endothelial lining and are filled blood
D. Lymphangioma
with blood. Name the tumour. E. Cavernous
haemangioma
A. Undifferentiated
On bronchoscopy in the initial part of the upper large-cell carcinoma
lobe bronchus of the right lung some polyp-like B. Squamous cell
formation, 1.0 cm in diameter, with a superficial carcinoma polyp-like formation with a superficial E.
ulcer was found. A histological examination C. Adenocarcinoma ulcer; tumour consisting of Undifferentiat
148.
revealed a tumour consisting of lymphocyte-like D. Glandular lymphocytelike cells with hyperchromatic ed small-cell
cells with hyperchromatic nuclei; the cells grew in squamous cell nuclei; the cells grew in layers and bands carcinoma
layers and bands. Indicate the most probable carcinoma
tumour. E. Undifferentiated
small-cell carcinoma
 A.
Haematogenous B.
An autopsy of a female who died from cachexia,
Lymphogenous
revealed some massive exophytic carcinoma on E.
orthograde C. carcinoma of stomach with metastases to
149. the lesser curvature of the stomach with Lymphogenou
Implantation the ovaries
metastases to the ovaries. What kind of metastatic s retrograde
D. Perineural
spreading took place?
E. Lymphogenous
retrograde
A. Papillary adenoma
A histological examination of a thyroid gland small cysts with atypical epithelium and
B. Follicular
revealed small cysts, which were lined with filled with papillae growth from the walls E. Papillary
carcinoma
150. atypical epithelium and filled with papillae, the of the cysts and growing into their
C. Solid carcinoma carcinoma
latter originating from the walls of the cysts and capsules
D. Carcinoma simplex
growing into their capsules. Name the tumour.
E. Papillary carcinoma

A. Physiologic
regeneration B.
Complete reparative
Under microscopic investigation the postinfarction regeneration C.
cardiosclerosis has been found out. Around Pathologic
postinfarction cardiosclerosis surrounded E.
cardiosclerotic area myocardiocytes were enlarged regeneration D.
151. by enlarged cardiomyocytes with large Regenerative
in size and had large hyperchromic nuclei riched Hypertrophy
because of hyperchromic nuclei riched in DNA hypertrophy
in DNA. What process taking place in
myocardiocytes is more probable? increased workload
E. Regenerative
hypertrophy
 A. Intralobular
A 47-year-old woman underwent radical
carcinoma in situ
mastectomy for a neoplasm. A histological
B. Acneiform eczematous lesion of the nipple and
examination of the mammary gland revealed an carcinoma C.
areola; lesion of the ducts of the gland and E. Paget's
152. eczematous lesion of the nipple and areola, a Papillary presence of large light cells in the disease
cancerous lesion of the ducts of the gland and carcinoma epidermis
presence of large light cells in the epidermis of the D. Fibrous carcinoma
nipple and areola. Make a diagnosis. E. Paget's disease
A. Foliaceous tumour
A histological express examination of a tumour
B. Noninfiltrating
node of a mammary gland revealed some encapsulated tumor with proliferation of
intralobular carcinoma
encapsulated formation with proliferation of alveoli and intralobular ducts; interstitial E.
153. C. Infiltrating
alveoli and intralobular ducts; the interstitial connective tissue grew either around or Fibroadenoma
intralobular carcinoma
connective tissue grew either around or inside the inside the ducts
D. Paget's disease
ducts. Which of the tumours took place?
E. Fibroadenoma

A. Mucinous
cystadenoma B.
During an operation on a woman, her cyst-like Serous
changed ovary was removed; it was a thin-walled cystadenocarcinoma cyst-like changed ovary; a thin-walled
cavity filled with some yellowish transparent fluid C. Pseudomucinous cavity with yellowish transparent fluid; E. Serous
154.
and having a smooth inner surface. Histologically, cystocarcinoma D. smooth inner surface with the cubical cystadenoma
the cavity wall was lined with the cubical Granulosa cell epithelium
epithelium. Name the kind of the tumour. tumour E. Serous
cystadenoma
 A. Nonkeratinizing
squamous cell
A histological examination of a biopsy from a carcinoma
uterine cervix revealed that its tissue was covered B. Keratinizing
stratified squamous epithelium with foci
with a wide layer of the stratified squamous squamous cell
of proliferation of atypical cells with E. Carcinoma
155. epithelium having foci of proliferation of atypical carcinoma
pathological mitoses; basal membrane not in situ
cells with pathological mitoses, but the basal C. Leukoplakia
affected
membrane of the epithelium was not affected. D. Epithelial
What is your diagnosis? dysplasia
E. Carcinoma in
situ
A. Keratoacanthoma
A histological examination of some spherical B. Carcinoma in
neoplasm located under the surface of the skin, situ C. Keratinizing
revealed papilliform vegetations of the epithelium squamous cell under skin surface; papilliform
156. with phenomena of acanthosis and carcinoma vegetations of epithelium; large amount E. Papilloma
hyperkeratinization. The tumour stroma consisted D. Nonkeratinizing of the connective tissue and vessels
of a large amount of the connective tissue and squamous cell
vessels. What tumour took place? carcinoma E.
Papilloma

A 26-year-old male patient underwent surgical

removal of a tumour, 4 x 5 cm in size, which was A. Oligodendroglioma
surrounded by a capsule and located in the white B. Astroblastoma tumour with capsule in white matter of
matter of his brain. Microscopically, the tumour E.
157. C. Glioblastoma brain; stellate and glia cells with various
consisted of the stellate and glia cells having Astrocytoma
D. Ependymoma size and located among the glial fibres
various size and located among the glial fibres. E. Astrocytoma
Name the tumour.
 A. Hepatocellular
On supersonic examination of a 48-year-old male
adenoma
patient, a hepatic neoplasm was diagnosed and a
B. Metastasis of
puncture biopsy was made. Microscopically, the
adenocarcinoma C. atypical hepatocytes which formed E.
tumour consisted of atypical hepatocytes which
158. Cholangiocellular trabeculae, acini or tubules; stroma is Hepatocellular
formed trabeculae, acini or tubules. The tumour carcinoma poor and had thin-walled blood vessels carcinoma
stroma was poor and had thin-walled blood D. Solid carcinoma E.
vessels. Which of the kinds of tumours listed Hepatocellular
below was the most probable? carcinoma
A. Keratoacanthoma
A histological examination of some spherical B. Carcinoma in
neoplasm located under the surface of the skin, situ C. Keratinizing
revealed papilliform vegetations of the epithelium squamous cell under skin surface; papilliform
159. with phenomena of acanthosis and carcinoma vegetations of epithelium; large amount E. Papilloma
hyperkeratinization. The tumour stroma consisted D. Nonkeratinizing of the connective tissue and vessels
of a large amount of the connective tissue and squamous cell
vessels. What tumour took place? carcinoma E.
Papilloma
A 26-year-old male patient underwent surgical
removal of a tumour, 4 x 5 cm in size, which was A. Oligodendroglioma
surrounded by a capsule and located in the white B. Astroblastoma tumour with capsule in white matter of
E.
160. matter of his brain. Microscopically, the tumour C. Glioblastoma brain; stellate and glia cells with various
Astrocytoma
consisted of the stellate and glia cells having D. Ependymoma size and located among the glial fibres
various size and located among the glial fibres. E. Astrocytoma
Name the tumour.
 A. Hepatocellular
On supersonic examination of a 48-year-old male
adenoma
patient, a hepatic neoplasm was diagnosed and a
B. Metastasis of
puncture biopsy was made. Microscopically, the adenocarcinoma C. atypical hepatocytes which formed E.
tumour consisted of atypical hepatocytes which Cholangiocellular
161. trabeculae, acini or tubules; stroma is Hepatocellular
formed trabeculae, acini or tubules. The tumour carcinoma poor and had thin-walled blood vessels carcinoma
stroma was poor and had thin-walled blood D. Solid carcinoma E.
vessels. Which of the kinds of tumours listed Hepatocellular
below was the most probable? carcinoma
A 45-year-old male underwent surgical removal
of a tumour, 4 x 3 cm in size, from the lateral
tumour in brain ventricle; small papillae
ventricle of his brain; the tumour surface had A. Ependymoma
were connected with a vascular plexus;
small papillae, and it was connected with a B. Ependymoblastoma E.
villus-like vegetations covered with
162. vascular plexus. Microscopically, the tumour C. Choriocarcinoma Choriopapillo
epithelial cells of the cubical and
consisted of villus-like vegetations covered with D. Glioblastoma ma
columnar shape and the monomorphous
epithelial cells of the cubical and columnar shape E. Choriopapilloma
kind
and the monomorphous kind. Which of the
tumours listed below was the most probable?
An encapsulated tumour, 2 cm in diameter, A. Neurofibroma
surgically removed from an amputation stump of B. Malignant encapsulated tumour from amputation
a lower extremity, microscopically consists of neurilemmoma C. stump; spindle cells of monomorphous E. Benign
163. spindle cells of the monomorphous kind with rod- Soft fibroma kind with rod- shaped nuclei which form neurilemmom
shaped nuclei which form "fence-like" structures D. Fibrosarcoma E. "fence-like" structures together with a
together with fibres. Which of the tumours listed Benign fibres
below is the most probable? neurilemmoma
 A microscopic examination of a biopsy from a
deformed mucous membrane of a lobar bronchus A. Squamous cell
of a 45-year-old male, who smoked for many carcinoma
years, revealed a carcinoma consisting of atypical B. Adenocarcinoma
carcinoma; not spread to the basal E. Carcinoma
164. epithelial cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and C. Solid carcinoma
membrane in situ
numerous pathological mitoses. The growth of the D. Small-cell
tumour did not spread to the basal membrane of carcinoma
the epithelium. Name the histological form of E. Carcinoma in situ
carcinoma.

A. Chronic
The patient, who worked for a long period of time myeloleukaemia
with benzene, develops progressing anaemia and B. Pernicious worked with benzene; progressing
the haemorrhagic syndrome. A biopsy of his anaemia C. anaemia and haemorrhagic syndrome; at
E. Aplastic
165. breastbone reveals prevalence of a fatty tissue, Haemolytic anaemia biopsy: prevalence of a fatty tissue, small
anaemia
and there are some small islets of haemopoiesis D. Hypoplastic islets of haemopoiesis with solitary cells
with solitary cells of myelopoiesis. What is your anaemia of myelopoiesis
diagnosis? E. Aplastic
anaemia
A. Chronic myeloid
The patient who long worked with benzene, leukemia
worked with benzene; progressing anemia
progressing anemia and hemorrhagic syndrome. B. Pernicious
and hemorrhagic syndrome; biopsy - E. Aplastic
166. In the biopsy of sternum predominant adipose anemia C. Hemolytic
predominant adipose tissue, a few small anemia
tissue, revealed a few small foci with isolated anemia D. Iron
foci with isolated blood cells myelopoesis
blood cells myelopoesis. Your diagnosis. deficiency anemia
E. Aplastic anemia
 A. Nonspecific
An autopsy of a 76-year-old male, who smoked aortoarteritis
for a long period of time, lived sedentary life and B. Hypertensive smoker, hypodinamia, redundant weight;
had redundant weight, revealed in the intima of disease in the intima of aorta some grey-yellow E.
167. the aorta some grey-yellow spots and stripes, C. Systemic lupus spots and stripes, fibrous plaques, Atherosclerosi
fibrous plaques, calcified areas with haemorrhages calcified areas with haemorrhages and s
and calcinosis. What disease do these changes erythematosus D. calcinosis
indicate? Visceral syphilis
E. Atherosclerosis
A. Capillar
hemangioma
During surgery in a 17-year-old patient it was B.
revealed the tumour of 4,5–5,0 sm in size on the Hemangiopericytoma
lower surface of the liver with subserose C. dark-red color tumour; has cavities with E. Cavernous
168.
localization, of dark-red color. On the section Hemangioendothelio blood hemangioma
tumour has cavities with marked amount of blood. ma
What is preliminary diagnosis? D. Lymphangioma
E. Cavernous
hemangioma

An autopsy of a 27-year-old male, who died

suddenly, revealed in the intima of the abdominal A. Atherocalcinosis
aorta some yellow foci in the form of spots and B. Liposclerosis in intima of aorta some yellow foci in the
169. stripes, which did not rise above the surface of the C. Atheroma form of spots and stripes; after staining E. Lipoidosis
intima but after staining with sudan III became D. Prelipid with sudan III became orange
orange. What stage in the morphogenesis of E. Lipoidosis
atherosclerosis was revealed?
 A bronchoscopy of the mucous membrane of the
main bronchus revealed some tumour. A A. Squamous cell
microscopic examination of the tumour biopsy carcinoma
lymphocyte-like cells with
showed that it consisted of lymphocyte-like cells B. Adenocarcinoma
hyperchromatic nuclei; many pathological E. Small-cell
170. with hyperchromatic nuclei growing in the form C. Adenoacanthoma
mitoses; growing in the form of layers or carcinoma
of layers or bands and involving the submucous D. Scirrhous carcinoma
bands and involving the submucous layer
layer. The tumour had many pathological mitoses. E. Small-cell
Which of the histological forms of carcinoma carcinoma
listed below was the most probable?
A 75-year-old male was hospitalized complaining
of a sharp pain in the abdominal cavity, weakness, A. Coronary disease B.
filiform pulse. During an operation it was found Hypertensive disease paraaortic fat was imbibed with blood; E.
171. that the paraaortic fat was imbibed with blood. C. Cardiomyopathy aorta had a sac-like protrusion, its wall Atherosclerosi
The abdominal aorta had a sac-like protrusion, its D. Systemic vasculitis was thinned and had an area of rupture s
wall was thinned and had an area of rupture. What E. Atherosclerosis
disease caused the complication?
At autopsy of a 38-year-old male, who died in a
car accident, revealed in his aorta some yellow-
grey spots and stripes which did not rise above A. Prelipid
the surface of the intima. Microscopically, the B. Lipoidosis
lipids impregnated the intima and E.
172. intima had an abundant deposition of proteins, C. Atheromatosis
accumulated Liposclerosis
plasma, fibrin, GAG, cholesterol, low-density D. Atherocalcinosis
lipoproteins; the endothelium had foci of E. Liposclerosis
affection. Name the stage of morphogenesis of
atherosclerosis.
 An autopsy of a 70-year-old male patient, who
died from cardiac failure, revealed deformed and A. Liposclerosis
narrowed coronary arteries. On section, the inner B. Atheromatosis deformed and narrowed coronary arteries; E.
173. surface of the arteries was tuberous, the wall was C. Lipoidosis inner surface was tuberous, the wall was Atherocalcino
whitish, fragile and stony in consistency. Which of D. Ulceration whitish, fragile and stony in consistency sis
the diagnoses listed below was the most probable? E. Atherocalcinosis

An autopsy of a 70-year-old male, who died of

cardiovascular insufficiency mill during his life-
time suffered from angina pectoris,
hypercholesterolaemia and obesity, revealed a
A. Prelipid
chronic venous plethora of the organs, voluminous yellow plaques in the intima
B. Lipoidosis
hypertrophy of the left ventricle of the heart with of the aorta with fine-grained masses in E.
174. C. Liposclerosis
microfocal cardiosclerosis, voluminous yellow their centre and these masses went deep Atheromatosis
D. Atherocalcinosis
plaques in the intima of the aorta with finegrained into the thickness of the wall
E. Atheromatosis
masses in their centre and these masses went deep
into the thickness of the wall. Which of the stages
of atherosclerosis listed below was the most
probable?
A 56-year-old male patient with elevated blood
A. Cerebral
pressure (250/120 mm Hg) died from an
haematoma
impairment of his cerebral circulation. An autopsy
B. Anaemic infarct blood pressure (250/120 mm Hg); red
of the brain revealed a red focus in the thalamus, E.
of brain focus in the thalamus; fibrinoid necrosis
175. 2.5 cm in diameter, which sank on section. Haemorrhagic
C. Mixed infarct of vascular walls and impregnation of the
Microscopically, there was fibrinoid necrosis of infarct of brain
D. Atheromatosis necrotized brain tissue with blood
the vascular walls and impregnation of the
E. Haemorrhagic
necrotized brain tissue with blood. Which of the
infarct of brain
diagnoses listed below was the most probable?
 A. Nonspecific
An autopsy of a 76-year-old male, who smoked aortoarteritis
for a long period of time, lived sedentary life and B. Hypertensive smoker, hypodinamia, redundant weight;
had redundant weight, revealed in the intima of disease in the intima of aorta some grey-yellow E.
176. the aorta some grey-yellow spots and stripes, C. Systemic lupus spots and stripes, fibrous plaques, Atherosclerosi
fibrous plaques, calcified areas with haemorrhages calcified areas with haemorrhages and s
and calcinosis. What disease do these changes erythematosus D. calcinosis
indicate? Visceral syphilis
E. Atherosclerosis
A 75-year-old male was hospitalized complaining
A. Coronary disease
of a sharp pain in the abdominal cavity, weakness,
B. Hypertensive
filiform pulse. During an operation it was found paraaortic fat was imbibed with blood; E.
disease;
177. that the paraaortic fat was imbibed with blood. aorta had a sac-like protrusion, its wall Atherosclerosi
C. Cardiomyopathy
The abdominal aorta had a sac-like protrusion, its was thinned and had an area of rupture s
D. Systemic vasculitis
wall was thinned and had an area of rupture. What
E. Atherosclerosis
disease caused the complication?
An autopsy of a 70-year-old male patient, who
died from cardiac failure, revealed deformed and A. Ulceration
narrowed coronary arteries. On section, the inner B. Liposclerosis; deformed and narrowed coronary arteries; E.
178. surface of the arteries was tuberous, the wall was C. Atheromatosis inner surface was tuberous, the wall was Atherocalcino
whitish, fragile and stony in consistency. Which D. Lipoidosis whitish, fragile and stony in consistency sis
of the diagnoses listed below was the most E. Atherocalcinosis
probable?
A patient who has been abusing tobacco smoking
for a long time has got cough accompanied by
A. Hypoplasia
excretion of viscous mucus; weakness after minor
B. Hyperplasia
physical stress, pale skin. The patient has also lost squamous cell carcinoma in (ciliary
179. C. Necrosis E. Metaplasia
12,0 kg of body weight. Endoscopic examination epithelium was replaced)
D. Sclerosis
of biosy material his illness was diagnosed as
E. Metaplasia
squamous cell carcinoma. Name a pathological
process that preceded formation of the tumour:
 An autopsy of a 70-year-old male, who died of
cardiovascular insufficiency mill during his life-
time suffered from angina pectoris,
hypercholesterolaemia and obesity, revealed a
A. Prelipid
chronic venous plethora of the organs, voluminous yellow plaques in the intima
B. Lipoidosis
hypertrophy of the left ventricle of the heart with of the aorta with fine-grained masses in E.
180. C. Liposclerosis
microfocal cardiosclerosis, voluminous yellow their centre and these masses went deep Atheromatosis
D. Atherocalcinosis
plaques in the intima of the aorta with into the thickness of the wall
E. Atheromatosis
finegrained masses in their centre and these
masses went deep into the thickness of the wall.
Which of the stages of atherosclerosis listed
below was the most probable?
A microscopic examination of a gastrobiopsy A. Adenocarcinoma
from a tumour of the pyloroduodenal portion of B. Solid carcinoma
the stomach revealed layers of atypical epithelial C. Mucinous
cells with a large number of mitoses; the tumour carcinoma D. Small- layers of atypical epithelial cells; E. Medullary
181.
architectonics is characterized by prevalence of cell carcinoma E. parenchyma prevalence over the stroma carcinoma
the parenchyma over the stroma. Which of the Medullary carcinoma
histological forms of carcinoma listed below was
the most probable?
An autopsy of a 48-year-old male, who died in a
car accident, revealed in his aorta some yellow-
grey spots and stripes which did not rise above A. Prelipid some yellow- grey spots and stripes;
the surface of the intima. Microscopically, the B. Lipoidosis abundant deposition of proteins, plasma,
E.
182. intima had an abundant deposition of proteins, C. Atheromatosis fibrin, GAG, cholesterol, low-density
Liposclerosis
plasma, fibrin, GAG, cholesterol, low-density D. Atherocalcinosis lipoproteins; the endothelium had foci of
lipoproteins; the endothelium had foci of E. Liposclerosis affection.
affection. Name the stage of morphogenesis of
atherosclerosis.
 A microscopic examination of the wall of an aorta
A. Prelipid;
revealed a focal infiltration of the intima by lipids focal infiltration of the intima by lipids
B. Liposclerosis;
and proteins. The lipids impregnated the intima and proteins; lipids impregnated the
183. C. Atheromatosis; E. Lipoidosis
and accumulated in the muscle cells and intima and accumulated in the muscle
D. Atherocalcinosis;
macrophages. Determine the stage of cells and macrophages
E. Lipoidosis
atherosclerosis.
A. Nodular arteritis;
The patient, who has long suffered from B. Arteriolosclerosis; E.
intermittent claudication; dry gangrene of
184. intermittent claudication, gangrene developed dry C. Arteriosclerosis Atherosclerosi
foot
foot. Add a disease that led to such complications. D. Coronary arteritis; s
E. Atherosclerosis
A 56-year-old male patient with elevated blood
A. Cerebral
pressure (250/120 mm Hg) died from an
haematoma
impairment of his cerebral circulation. An autopsy
B. - blood pressure (250/120 mm Hg); red
of the brain revealed a red focus in the thalamus, E.
C. Anaemic infarct focus in the thalamus; fibrinoid necrosis
185. 2.5 cm in diameter, which sank on section. Haemorrhagic
of brain of vascular walls and impregnation of the
Microscopically, there was fibrinoid necrosis of infarct of brain
D. Mixed infarct E. necrotized brain tissue with blood
the vascular walls and impregnation of the
Haemorrhagic infarct
necrotized brain tissue with blood. Which of the
of brain
diagnoses listed below was the most probable?
An autopsy of a male, who suffered from arterial
A. Transitory
hypertension during his lifetime, revealed oedema
ischaemia
of the brain substance, arterial walls at the base
B. Haemorrhagic arterial hypertension; focus, 5 x 4 x 3 cm
were thickened, with white-yellowish plaques in E.
186. infarct in size, representing a cavity filled with
the intima, the left hemisphere had a focus, 5 x 4 x Haematoma
C. Anaemic infarct liquid blood and its clots
3 cm in size, representing a cavity filled with
D. Mixed infarct
liquid blood and its clots. Define the pathological
E. Haematoma
process in the brain.
 A. Diapedesis
hemorrhage
At autopsy of the dead men, who suffered from
B. Abscess
hypertension, in the brain revealed a cavity with hypertension; cavity whith rusty color
187. C. Ischemic heart E. Hematoma
rusty color walls. What preceded these attack walls
phenomena? D. Plasmorrhage
E. Hematoma
A. Hemorrhagic
infarction
complicated with dry
A 78-year-old patient suffering from gangrene B. Ischemic
E.
atherosclerosis has been delivered to a surgical stroke complicated
Hemorrhagic
ward with signs of acute abdomen. Laparoscopy with humid gangrene atherosclerosis; blackened and flaccid
C. Ischemic stroke infarction
188. revealed blackened and flaccid small intestine small intestine loops; demarcation line is
complicated
loops; demarcation line is not clear. Diagnose the complicated with dry not clear
with wet
changes that occurred in the patient’s small gangrene
D. - gangrene
intestine:
E. Hemorrhagic
infarction complicated
with wet gangrene
Autopsy of a 75-year-old patient who had been
suffering from disseminated atherosclerosis and A. Atheromatosis
died under chronic cardiac failure revealed B. Lipoidosis atherosclerosis; constriction and E.
189. constriction and deformation of coronary arteries, C. Bilipid deformation of coronary arteries, tuberous Atherocalcino
tuberous intima whose section appeared to be D. Liposclerosis intima was white and petrosal sis
white and petrosal. Specify the stage of E. Atherocalcinosis
atherosclerosis morphogenesis:
 A 26-year-old male patient underwent surgical
removal of a tumour, 4 x 5 cm in size, which was A. Oligodendroglioma
tumour located in white matter of brain
surrounded by a capsule and located in the white B. Astroblastoma
surrounded by a capsule; consisted of the E.
190. matter of his brain. Microscopically, the tumour C. Glioblastoma
stellate and glia cells having various size Astrocytoma
consisted of the stellate and glia cells having D. Ependymoma
various size and located among the glial fibres. and located among the glial fibres
E. Astrocytoma
Name the tumour.

A. Obliterating
endartheriitis
Morphological examination of an amputated B. Nodular
gangrenous extremity revealed that the lumen of periarthritis C. lumen of femoral artery was constricted E.
191. femoral artery was constricted due to stony, partly Obliterating due to stony, partly ulcerated plaques with Atherosclerosi
ulcerated plaques with obturating thrombi. What thromboangiitis obturating thrombi s
is the most likely diagnosis? D. Non-specific
aortoartheriitis E.
Atherosclerosis
A. Lymph node
B. Artery of elastic E. Artery of
Obliterating atherosclerosis causes changes in the
type muscular type
vessels of the lower extermities. A histological
C. Vein with atherosclerosis ; both internal and external
specimen of such a vessel evidently presents both strongly developed
192. elastic membranes, middle membrane
internal and external elastic membranes, middle muscles D. Artery of
contains a lot of myocytes
membrane contains a lot of myocytes. What mixed type
vessel is affected in case of this disease? E. Artery of muscular
type
 A. Vacuole
dystrophy of
cardiomyocytes B.
Fat infiltration of
cardiomyocytes
A male patient developed substernal pains at 8
C. Reduced E.
a.m., and at 9 a.m. myocardial infarction was
activity of Disappearance
diagnosed by ECG data at the admission death from myocardial infarction;
193. dehydrogenases in of glycogen in
department. Ten minutes later the patient died. duration from 8 to 9 a.m.
fibroblasts cardiomyocyt
What most reliable sign of myocardial infarction
D. Relaxation of es
will be found on histological examination?
myofibrils in
cardiomyocytes E.
Disappearance of
glycogen in
cardiomyocytes

On autopsy of a 68-year-old male, who died from A. Myocarditis

cardiac decompensation, the myocardium of the B. Microfocal
E.
anterior wall in left ventricle of his heart cardiosclerosis an irregular grey focus, 5 x 4 cm in size,
Postinfarction
194. contained an irregular grey focus, 5 x 4 cm in size,C. Infarction with a dense consistency, fibrous
D. Rheumatism cardiosclerosi
with a dense consistency, fibrous structure and structure and clear borders
E. Postinfarction s
clear borders. What pathological process in the
myocardium did the pathologist reveal? cardiosclerosis
On autopsy of a 66-year-old male, who died from A. Microfocal
acute cardiac failure, an acute venous plethora of cardiosclerosis
the internal organs was found. The cardiac B. Macrofocal
acute cardiac failure; acute venous
cavities were dilated; a myocardial section cardiosclerosis
plethora; cavities are dilated; dim
revealed some dim yellowish focus, 3.5 x 4 cm in C. Fatty E. Myocardial
195. yellowish focus, 3.5 x 4 cm in size in wall
size, in the anterior wall of the left ventricle. The degeneration of infarction
of ventricle; arteries had stenosing
coronary arteries had stenosing atheromatous myocardium D.
atheromatous plaques
plaques. Which of the diagnoses listed below was Myocarditis E.
the most probable? Myocardial
infarction
 A. Vacuole
dystrophy of
cardiomyocytes; B.
Fat infiltration of
A male patient developed substernal pains at 8 cardiomyocytes; C.
E.
a.m., and at 9 a.m. myocardial infarction was Relaxation of
Disappearance
diagnosed by ECG data at the admission myofibrils in death from myocardial infarction;
196. of glycogen in
department. Ten minutes later the patient died. cardiomyocytes duration from 8 to 9 a.m.
cardiomyocyt
What most reliable sign of myocardial infarction D. Reduced activity
es
will be found on histological examination? of dehydrogenases in
fibroblasts;
E. Disappearance
of glycogen in
cardiomyocytes;

On autopsy of a 68-year-old male, who died from A. Myocarditis;

cardiac decompensation, the myocardium of the B. Microfocal
E.
anterior wall in left ventricle of his heart cardiosclerosis; an irregular grey focus, 5 x 4 cm in size,
Postinfarction
197. contained an irregular grey focus, 5 x 4 cm in size, C. Infarction; D. with a dense consistency, fibrous
cardiosclerosi
with a dense consistency, fibrous structure and Rheumatism. E. structure and clear borders
s
clear borders. What pathological process in the Postinfarction
myocardium did the pathologist reveal? cardiosclerosis
On autopsy of a 66-year-old male, who died from A. Myocarditis
acute cardiac failure, an acute venous plethora of B. Microfocal
the internal organs was found. The cardiac cardiosclerosis
acute cardiac failure; acute venous
cavities were dilated; a myocardial section C. Macrofocal
plethora; cavities are dilated; dim
revealed some dim yellowish focus, 3.5 x 4 cm in cardiosclerosis E. Myocardial
198. yellowish focus, 3.5 x 4 cm in size in wall
size, in the anterior wall of the left ventricle. The D. Fatty infarction
of ventricle; arteries had stenosing
coronary arteries had stenosing atheromatous degeneration of
atheromatous plaques
plaques. Which of the diagnoses listed below was myocardium E.
the most probable? Myocardial
infarction
 A 45-year-old male underwent surgical removal
of a tumour, 4 x 3 cm in size, from the lateral
tumour in brain ventricle; small papillae
ventricle of his brain; the tumour surface had A. Ependymoma
were connected with a vascular plexus;
small papillae, and it was connected with a B. Ependymoblastoma E.
villus-like vegetations covered with
199. vascular plexus. Microscopically, the tumour C. Choriocarcinoma Choriopapillo
epithelial cells of the cubical and
consisted of villus-like vegetations covered with D. Glioblastoma ma
columnar shape and the monomorphous
epithelial cells of the cubical and columnar shape E. Choriopapilloma
kind
and the monomorphous kind. Which of the
tumours listed below was the most probable?

A 3-month-old girl is being evaluated for feeding

difficulty and failure to thrive. Physical
A. Dilated
examination finds pallor, peripheral cyanosis,
cardiomyopathy; B.
tachypnea, and fine expiratory wheezing. Chest x-
Hypertrophic
ray shows cardiac enlargement. She is admitted to
cardiomyopathy; C. quickly develops severe cardiac failure;
the hospital, quickly develops severe cardiac E. Restrictive
Infective endocardium is similar a “cream cheese”;
200. failure, and dies 3 days after admission. At the cardiomyopat
endocarditis; thickening of the endocardium due to a
time of autopsy the endocardium is found to have hy
D. Libman-Sachs proliferation of fibrous and elastic tissue
a “cream cheese” gross appearance. Histologic
endocarditis; E.
sections from this area reveal thickening of the
Restrictive
endocardium due to a proliferation of fibrous and
cardiomyopathy
elastic tissue. Which of the following is the most
likely diagnosis?
 A. Acute
inflammation of the
pericardium due to an
autoimmune reaction
B. Acute mitral
regurgitation due to
rupture of a papillary
A 49-year-old man 7 days after being admitted to muscle
E. Blood
the hospital for an inferior wall, transmural C. Acute suppurative accumulation
myocardial infarction suddenly becomes short of inflammation of the
in the
breath. Physical examination reveals hypotension, pericardium due to transmural myocardial infarction;
pericardial
201. elevated jugular venous pressure, and muffled bacterial infection D. hypotension with elevated jugular venous cavity due to
heart sounds. His systemic blood pressure drops Serous fluid pressure; muffled heart sounds
rupture of the
13 mmHg with inspiration. Which one of the accumulation in the ventricular
following pathologic processes produced these pericardial cavity due wall
clinical findings? to congestive heart
failure
E. Blood
accumulation in the
pericardial cavity due
to rupture of the
ventricular wall
 A. Hemorrhagic
infarction
complicated with dry
A 78-year-old patient suffering from gangrene B. Ischemic
stroke complicated E.
atherosclerosis has been delivered to a surgical
Hemorrhagic
ward with signs of acute abdomen. Laparoscopy with humid gangrene atherosclerosis; blackened and flaccid
C. Ischemic stroke infarction
202. revealed blackened and flaccid small intestine small intestine loops; demarcation line is
complicated
loops; demarcation line is not clear. Diagnose the complicated with dry not clear
with wet
changes that occurred in the patient’s small gangrene
D. - gangrene
intestine:
E. Hemorrhagic
infarction complicated
with wet gangrene
A. Ischemic
myocardial
A 65-year-old patient had been treated for 3 days
degeneration
in a resuscitation unit for a cardiac pathology.
B. Acute
Suddenly he developed ventricular fibrillation that
myocarditis C. E. Acute
became the immediate cause of death of this large focus of cardiomyocyte karyolysis
203. Diffuse myocardial
patient. Microscopy of the left ventricular demarcated by the zone of hyperaemia
cardiosclerosis D. infarction
myocard revealed a large focus of cardiomyocyte
Postinfarction
karyolysis demarcated by the zone of hyperaemia.
cardiosclerosis
What cardiac pathology was the cause of death?
E. Acute myocardial
infarction
 A. Haemorrhagic
pericarditis B.
Shortly before death a patient got an Exudative
electrocardiographically based diagnosis of acute
pericarditis C. E. Myocardial
myocardial infarction. Autopsy revealed that the acute myocardial infarction; wall of
Idiopathic rupture with
204. myocardial cavity contained 200 ml of liquid ventricle had a perforation up to 2 cm
myocarditis cardiac
blood and 400 g of clots; the posterior wall of the long
D. Stone heart tamponade
left ventricle had a perforation up to 2 cm long.
E. Myocardial
What complication of myocardial infraction is it?
rupture with cardiac
tamponade

A. Tiger heart B.
Postinfarction
Examination of coronary arteries revealed cardiosclerosis atherosclerotic plaques with calcification
atherosclerotic plaques with calcification that C. Myocarditis E. Diffuse
that close tle lumen by 1/3; multiple small
205. close tle lumen by 1/3. The muscle contains D. Myocardium cardiosclerosi
whitish layers of connective tissue in
multiple small whitish layers of connective tissue. s
infarction E. miocardium
What process was revealed in myocardium?
Diffuse
cardiosclerosis
A. Chronic right
ventricular
insufficiency B.
Examination of a patient who had been suffering Acute left
from rheumatism for a long time revealed stenosis ventricular
of mitral orifice, death was caused by cardiac and insufficiency C. E. Chronic left
Acute right rheumatism; stenosis of mitral orifice;
206. pulmonary insufficiency. Autopsy has shown ventricular
ventricular brown induration of lungs
brown induration of lungs. What type of insufficiency
circulation disturbance provokes such changes in insufficiency
lungs? D. Portal hypertension
E. Chronic left
ventricular
insufficiency
 A. Dysfunctional.
B. From pressure
In the dead woman, 86 years old, suffering from C. From the effects
atherosclerosis of the vessels of the brain, an of physical and E. From
atherosclerosis of brain vessels; atrophy
207. atrophy of the cerebral cortex was revealed at the chemical factors. insufficient
of the cerebral cortex
intersection. What is the name of this atrophy D. Neurotic. blood supply
relative to the cause? E. From
insufficient blood
supply

A. Amyloidosis B.
Carbohydrate
dystrophy
In the deceased from chronic cardiovascular
C. C
insufficiency a "tiger's heart" was discovered on "tiger's heart"; endocardium there is a E. Fatty
.Hyalinovodroplet
208. the autopsy. On the part of the endocardium there yellowish-white striation; myocardium parenchymal
dystrophy D. Fatty
is a yellowish-white striation; myocardium dull, dull, clay-yellow dystrophy
vascularstromal
clay-yellow. What process led to this pathology?
dystrophy E. Fatty
parenchymal
dystrophy
An encapsulated tumour, 2 cm in diameter, A. Neurofibroma
surgically removed from an amputation stump of B. Malignant encapsulated tumour from amputation
a lower extremity, microscopically consists of neurilemmoma C. stump; spindle cells of monomorphous E. Benign
209. spindle cells of the monomorphous kind with rod- Soft fibroma kind with rod- shaped nuclei which form neurilemmom
shaped nuclei which form "fence-like" structures D. Fibrosarcoma E. "fence-like" structures together with a
together with fibres. Which of the tumours listed Benign fibres
below is the most probable? neurilemmoma
 A. Abscess
At the autopsy of the deceased, thrombosis of the B. Wet gangrene
left middle cerebral artery and a large center of C. Coagulative
thrombosis of artery; large center of E. Ischemic
210. softening of the tissue of the left hemisphere of necrosis
softening of tissue heart attack
the brain were found. What pathological process D. Sequestration E.
has developed in the brain? Ischemic heart
attack
A. Diffuse
At the autopsy of a 60-year-old man, an irregular
myocardiosclerosis
gray, irregularly shaped, dense focus of 5x4 sm E.
B. Myocarditis
with clear boundaries of a fibrous structure was gray dense focus of 5x4 sm with clear Postinfarction
211. C. Infarction
found in the myocardium of the anterior wall of boundaries of a fibrous structure myocardioscle
D. Cardiomyopathy
the left ventricle. What is the most likely rosis
E. Postinfarction
diagnosis?
myocardiosclerosis

A. Collapse
B. -
A 60-year-old patient developed a large-focal E. Acute
C. Acute right-side
myocardial infarction, complicated by pulmonary large-focal myocardial infarction leads to leftside
212. ventricular failure D.
edema. What cardiohemodynamic disorders pulmonary edema ventricular
Cardiogenic shock E.
contributed to pulmonary edema? failure
Acute left-side
ventricular failure
A 67-year-old patient with a long history of
A. Myocardial
atherosclerosis and a previous myocardial
degeneration B.
infarction developed an attack of retrosternal pain.
Myocardial
3 days later the patient was hospitalized and then
ischemia atherosclerosis in anamnesis; white E. Focal
died of progressive cardiovascular insufficiency.
213. C. Myocardial fibrous depressed area about 3 cm with cardiosclerosi
During autopsy a white fibrous depressed area
infarction clear margins in wall of heart s
about 3 cm in diameter with clear margins was
D. Myocarditis
found within the area of posterior wall of the left
E. Focal
ventricle and interventricular septum. The
cardiosclerosis
dissector considered these changes to be:
 A. Cardiomyopathy
Autopsy of the dead patient who died from
B. Cardiosclerosis
pulmonary edema revealed a large yellow-grey pulmonary edema; large yellow-grey
C. Myocarditis E. Myocardial
214. nidus in the myocardium, and a fresh thrombus in nidus in myocardium; fresh thrombus in
D. Amyloidosis E. infarction
the coronary artery. What is the most likely artery
Myocardial infarction
diagnosis?

A. Thrombosis of
tomentum cerebri B.
Thrombosis of the
right anterior cerebral
Autopsy of a 75-year-old man with a long history artery
C. Thrombosis of the atherosclerosis in anamnesis; grey E. Thrombosis
of atherosclerosis revealed a grey irregular-
right posterior irregular shaped focus of loose of the right
215. shaped focus of loose consistency in the right
consistency in right parietotemporal medial
parietotemporal region of brain. What is the most cerebral artery D.
Thrombosis of basilar region cerebral artery
likely cause of this process?
artery
E. Thrombosis of the
right medial cerebral
artery
In man of 60 years old, who had hypertension for A. Arteriosclerotic
a long time and died of chronic renal failure at kidney
autopsy was revealed: both kidneys are greatly B. Atherosclerotic
reduced in size, the surface is fine-grained; nephrosclerosis C. hypertension in anamnesis; chronic renal E.
histologically - the majority of glomerulars is Chronic failure; kidneys are greatly reduced; Arterioloscler
216. hialinised and sclerosed, some glomerulars are - glomerulonephritis D. surface is fine-grained; glomerulus is otic
hyperplastic; areas of sclerosis are detected in Chronic pyelonephritis hialinised and sclerosed; areas of nephrosclerosi
stroma, arteriolosclerosis and atherosclerosis, E. Arteriolosclerotic sclerosis in stroma s
elastofibrosis of large branches of renal artery. nephrosclerosis
Name identified changes of kidneys.
 An autopsy of a male patient, who died from
A. Atherosclerosis
heart failure, revealed an enlarged heart weighing
B. Rheumatism heart failure; enlarged heart; contracted
550 g, fibrinous pericarditis, as well as contracted E.
C. Pericarditis dense kidneys with fine-grained surface;
217. dense kidneys weighing 50 g each and having a Hypertensive
D. Cardiomyopathy expressed hyalinosis of arterioles and
fine-grained surface. Microscopically, the kidneys disease
E. Hypertensive glomeruli
were characterized by an expressed hyalinosis of
disease
arterioles and glomeruli. Name the basic disease.

A microscopic examination of a biopsy from a

deformed mucous membrane of a lobar bronchus A. Squamous cell
of a 45-year-old male, who smoked for many carcinoma
years, revealed a carcinoma consisting of atypical B. Adenocarcinoma
carcinoma; not spread to the basal E. Carcinoma
218. epithelial cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and C. Solid carcinoma
membrane in situ
numerous pathological mitoses. The growth of the D. Small-cell
tumour did not spread to the basal membrane of carcinoma
the epithelium. Name the histological form of E. Carcinoma in situ
carcinoma.
A. Large, motley
B. Large, red
A 67-year-old male patient was suffering from E. Small,
C. Large, white,
hypertensive disease during 20 years. He died hypertensive disease; chronic renal dense, with a
219. dense D. Small, dense,
from chronic renal insufficiency. What insufficiency fine-grained
macrotuberous
appearance did his kidneys have on autopsy? surface
E. Small, dense, with a
fine-grained surface
A. Stenosing
Against a background of hypertensive crisis, a atherosclerosis
male patient with hypertensive disease developed B. Hyperelastosis
hypertensive crisis; hypertensive disease; E. Fibrinoid
220. acute renal insufficiency which caused his death. C. Hyalinosis
acute renal insufficiency necrosis
What morphological changes in the renal arteioles D. Sclerosis
were the most probable? E. Fibrinoid
necrosis
 A 56-year-old male patient with elevated blood
A. Cerebral
pressure (250/120 mm Hg) died from an
haematoma
impairment of his cerebral circulation. An autopsy
B. Anaemic infarct blood pressure (250/120 mm Hg); red
of the brain revealed a red focus in the thalamus, E.
of brain focus in the thalamus; fibrinoid necrosis
221. 2.5 cm in diameter, which sank on section. Haemorrhagic
C. Mixed infarct of vascular walls and impregnation of the
Microscopically, there was fibrinoid necrosis of infarct of brain
D. Atheromatosis necrotized brain tissue with blood
the vascular walls and impregnation of the
E. Haemorrhagic
necrotized brain tissue with blood. Which of the
infarct of brain
diagnoses listed below was the most probable?

An autopsy of a male, who suffered from arterial

A. Transitory
hypertension during his lifetime, revealed oedema
ischaemia
of the brain substance, arterial walls at the base
B. Haemorrhagic arterial hypertension; focus, 5 x 4 x 3 cm
were thickened, with white-yellowish plaques in E.
222. infarct in size, representing a cavity filled with
the intima, the left hemisphere had a focus, 5 x 4 Haematoma
C. Anaemic infarct liquid blood and its clots
x 3 cm in size, representing a cavity filled with
D. Mixed infarct
liquid blood and its clots. Define the pathological
E. Haematoma
process in the brain.
An autopsy of a male patient, who died from heart
A. Atherosclerosis
failure, revealed an enlarged heart weighing 550
B. Rheumatism heart failure; enlarged heart; contracted
g, fibrinous pericarditis, as well as contracted E.
C. Pericarditis dense kidneys with fine-grained surface;
223. dense kidneys weighing 50 g each and having a Hypertensive
D. Cardiomyopathy; expressed hyalinosis of arterioles and
fine-grained surface. Microscopically, the kidneys disease
E. Hypertensive glomeruli
were characterized by an expressed hyalinosis of
disease
arterioles and glomeruli. Name the basic disease.
A. Large, motley
B. Large, red;
A 67-year-old male patient was suffering from E. Small,
C. Large, white,
hypertensive disease during 20 years. He died hypertensive disease; chronic renal dense, with a
224. dense D. Small, dense,
from chronic renal insufficiency. What insufficiency fine-grained
macrotuberous
appearance did his kidneys have on autopsy? surface
E. Small, dense, with a
fine-grained surface
 A 56-year-old male patient with elevated blood
A. Cerebral
pressure (250/120 mm Hg) died from an
haematoma
impairment of his cerebral circulation. An autopsy
B. - blood pressure (250/120 mm Hg); red
of the brain revealed a red focus in the thalamus, E.
C. Anaemic infarct focus in the thalamus; fibrinoid necrosis
225. 2.5 cm in diameter, which sank on section. Haemorrhagic
of brain of vascular walls and impregnation of the
Microscopically, there was fibrinoid necrosis of infarct of brain
D. Mixed infarct E. necrotized brain tissue with blood
the vascular walls and impregnation of the
Haemorrhagic infarct
necrotized brain tissue with blood. Which of the
of brain
diagnoses listed below was the most probable?

An autopsy of a male, who suffered from arterial

A. Transitory
hypertension during his lifetime, revealed oedema
ischaemia
of the brain substance, arterial walls at the base
B. Haemorrhagic arterial hypertension; focus, 5 x 4 x 3 cm
were thickened, with white-yellowish plaques in E.
226. infarct in size, representing a cavity filled with
the intima, the left hemisphere had a focus, 5 x 4 Haematoma
C. Anaemic infarct liquid blood and its clots
x 3 cm in size, representing a cavity filled with
D. Mixed infarct
liquid blood and its clots. Define the pathological
E. Haematoma
process in the brain.
A. Amyloid-
wrinkled
B. Atrophic C.
In the dead from complications of hypertension,
Secondary hypertension; small, dense kidneys with
during the section detected small, dense kidneys E. Primary
227. wrinkled grainy surface, atrophied parenchyma and
with grainy surface, atrophied parenchyma and wrinkled
D. Pyelonephrotic cortical tissue
cortical tissue. Define such kidneys.
wrinkled
E. Primary
wrinkled
 An autopsy of a male patient, who died from heart
failure, revealed an enlarged heart weighing 550 A. Atherosclerosis
heart failure; enlarged heart; contracted
g, fibrinous pericarditis, as well as contracted B. Rheumatism
dense kidneys with fine-grained surface; E.
228. dense kidneys weighing 50 g each and having a C. Pericarditis
expressed hyalinosis of arterioles and Hypertension
fine-grained surface. Microscopically, the kidneys D. Cardiomyopathy
glomeruli
were characterized by an expressed hyalinosis of E. Hypertension
arterioles and glomeruli. Name the basic disease.
A bronchoscopy of the mucous membrane of the
main bronchus revealed some tumour. A A. Squamous cell
microscopic examination of the tumour biopsy carcinoma
lymphocyte-like cells with
showed that it consisted of lymphocyte-like cells B. Adenocarcinoma
hyperchromatic nuclei; many pathological E. Small-cell
229. with hyperchromatic nuclei growing in the form C. Adenoacanthoma
mitoses; growing in the form of layers or carcinoma
of layers or bands and involving the submucous D. Scirrhous carcinoma
bands and involving the submucous layer
layer. The tumour had many pathological mitoses. E. Small-cell
Which of the histological forms of carcinoma carcinoma
listed below was the most probable?

A. Diapedesis
hemorrhage
At autopsy of the dead men, who suffered from
B. Abscess
hypertension, in the brain revealed a cavity whith hypertension; cavity whith rusty color
230. C. Ischemic heart E. Hematoma
rusty color walls. What preceded these attack walls
phenomena? D. Plasmorrhage
E. Hematoma
A. Constrictive
In a patient with hypertension disease, in the atherosclerosis
context of a hypertensive crisis, acute renal B. Hyperelastosis
hypertension disease; hypertensive crisis, E. Fibrinoid
231. failure, from which he died, developed. What are C. Sclerosis
acute renal failure necrosis
the most likely morphological changes in kidney D. Hyalinosis
arterioles? E. Fibrinoid
necrosis
 A. Hematoma B.
At the autopsy of the deceased who suffered from
Hemorrhagic
hypertension, a cavity of round shape of 4 x 5 cm
leakage
with a rusty wall, filled with a yellowish cavity filled with a yellowish transparent
232. C. Ischemic heart E. Cyst
transparent liquid, was found in the left attack D. liquid
hemisphere of the brain. What is the pathology Abscess
that has developed in the brain of the patient? E. Cyst
A. Membranous
Autopsy has revealed shrunken kidneys weighing
nephropathy
50 mg, with finegrained surface and uniformly shrunken kidneys with finegrained surface
B. Pyelonephritis
thinned substance. Microscopic investigation has and uniformly thinned substance;
with kidney shrinkage
shown the thickening of arteriole walls due to C. Renal thickening of arteriole walls with E. Essential
233.
accumulation of homogeneous anhistic amyloidosis D. Acute homogeneous anhistic pink-colored hypertension
pinkcolored masses in them. Glomerules were masses; glomerules undersized, sclerotic,
glomerulonephritis E.
undersized, sclerotic, with atrophied tubules. with atrophied tubules
Essential
What disease are these changes characteristic of?
hypertension

A. A cyst on the
site of the softening of
the cerebrocortical
grey matter
At autopsy the occipital lobe of brain was found to
B. Softening of the
have a cavity 2,5x1,5 cm large filled with a E. Cyst on the
cerebrocortical grey cavity with a transparent liquid and smooth
234. transparent liquid. The cavity had smooth site of a
matter brownish walls
brownish walls. What process had developed in hemorrhage
C. Brain abscess
the brain?
D. Paracephalia
E. Cyst on the site
of a
hemorrhage
 An autopsy of a male patient, who died from heart
A. Pericarditis
failure, revealed an enlarged heart weighing 550
B. Rheumatism heart failure; enlarged heart; contracted
g, fibrinous pericarditis, as well as contracted E.
C. Atherosclerosis dense kidneys with fine-grained surface;
235. dense kidneys weighing 50 g each and having a Hypertensive
D. Cardiomyopathy expressed hyalinosis of arterioles and
fine-grained surface. Microscopically, the kidneys disease
E. Hypertensive glomeruli
were characterized by an expressed hyalinosis of
disease
arteioles and glomeruli. Name the basic disease.
A. Large, motley
B. Large, red
A 67-year-old male patient was suffering from E. Small,
C. Large, white,
hypertensive disease during 20 years. He died hypertensive disease; chronic renal dense, with a
236. dense D. Small, dense,
from chronic renal insufficiency. What appearance insufficiency fine-grained
macrotuberous
did his kidneys have on autopsy? surface
E. Small, dense, with a
fine-grained surface
A. Sclerosis
Against a background of hypertensive crisis, a
B. Hyperelastosis
male patient with hypertensive disease developed
C. Stenosing hypertensive crisis; hypertensive disease; E. Fibrinoid
237. acute renal insufficiency which caused his death.
atherosclerosis acute renal insufficiency necrosis
What morphological changes in the renal arteioles
D. Hyalinosis
were the most probable?
E. Fibrinoid necrosis

A microscopic examination of a gastrobiopsy A. Adenocarcinoma

from a tumour of the pyloroduodenal portion of B. Solid carcinoma
the stomach revealed layers of atypical epithelial C. Mucinous
cells with a large number of mitoses; the tumour carcinoma D. Small- layers of atypical epithelial cells; E. Medullary
238.
architectonics is characterized by prevalence of cell carcinoma E. parenchyma prevalence over the stroma carcinoma
the parenchyma over the stroma. Which of the Medullary carcinoma
histological forms of carcinoma listed below was
the most probable?
 A 52-year-old male patient with elevated blood
pressure (250/120 mm Hg) died from an
A. Mixed infarct B.
impairment of his cerebral circulation. An
Cerebral haematoma
autopsy of the brain revealed a red focus in the blood pressure (250/120 mm Hg); red E.
C. Anaemic infarct of
thalamus, 2.5 cm in diameter, which sank on focus in the thalamus; fibrinoid necrosis Haemorrhagic
239. brain
section. Microscopically, there was fibrinoid of vascular walls and impregnation of infarct of
D. -
necrosis of the vascular walls and impregnation the necrotized brain tissue with blood brain
E. Haemorrhagic
of the necrotized brain tissue with blood. Which
infarct of brain
of the diagnoses listed below was the most
probable?
An autopsy of a male, who suffered from arterial
hypertension during his life-time, revealed A. Mixed infarct B.
oedema of the brain substance, arterial walls at Haemorrhagic infarct
arterial hypertension; focus, 5 x 4 x 3 cm
the base were thickened, with white-yellowish C. Anaemic infarct E.
240. in size, representing a cavity filled with
plaques in the intima, the left hemisphere had a D. Transitory Haematoma
liquid blood and its clots
focus, 5 x 4 x 3 cm in size, representing a cavity ischaemia E.
filled with liquid blood and its clots. Define the Haematoma
pathological process in the brain.

At autopsy the diminished kidneys with weight

of 50.0 have been found out, the surface has A. Acute necrotic
been closed-grained, cortex has been uniformly nephrosis B. Chronic
diminished kidneys with close-grained
thinned. At microscopic examination a wall of glomerulonephritis C.
surface; thinned cortex; arterioles
arterioles has been considerably thickened Amyloidosis of E.
thickened with homogeneous
241. because of deposition of homogeneous kidney Hypertensive
unstructured pink colored masses;
unstructured pink colored masses, the lumen has D. Pyelonephritis with disease
glomeruli reduced, with sclerosis and
sharply narrowed down, the glomeruli have been shrinkage of kidneys E.
atrophy of tubules
reduced, with sclerosis and atrophy of tubules. Hypertensive
What disease the described changes are typical disease
for?
 The patient, aged 74, with the history of
hypertensive syndrome, lost consciousness
suddenly and died of increasing disturbance of A. Chronic bronchitis B.
respiration and heart activity. The autopsy has Ischemic heart disease hypertension in anamnesis; dark-red
E.
demonstrated a dark-red focus in the trunk of the C. Glomerulonephritis focus in brain; heart hypertrophy;
242. Hypertensive
brain measuring 2x1x5 cm. The weight of the D. Atherosclerosis E. vessels thickened, whitish-yellow, the
disease
heart is 550 g. the thickness of left ventricle wall Hypertensive lumen is narrowed
is 2,5 cm. The vessels of the brain base are disease
considerably thickened, whitish-yellow, the
lumen is narrowed. What is the diagnosis?
An autopsy of a female revealed morphological
manifestations of chronic heart failure in the
right ventricle, stenosis of the left
atrioventricular aperture, insufficiency of the A. Scleroderma heart failure; stenosis of left
mitral valve. B. Dermatomyositis atrioventricular aperture, insufficiency of
Histologically, a connective-tissue C. Polyarteritis the mitral valve; connective-tissue E.
243.
disorganization in the form of some mucoid and nodosaD. Systemic lupus disorganization; mucoid and fibrinoid Rheumatism
fibrinoid swelling was found with presence of erythematosus E. swelling; blooming Aschoff's bodies;
blooming Aschoff s bodies against a background Rheumatism cardiosclerosis
of focal cardiosclerosis in the myocardium.
Which of the diagnoses listed below was the
most probable?

A histological examination of the cusps of the

mitral valve in the heart of a female, who died A. Diffuse
from cardiac decompensation, revealed a focal B. Acute mitral valve; focal desquamation of
desquamation of endotheliocytes with vegetative endotheliocytes; superimposed
E. Recurrent
244. superimposed thrombotic masses in these areas. C. Loffler's thrombotic masses in these areas;
vegetative
The connective tissue of the valve cusp had signs D. Polypous- connective tissue disorganization, areas of
of disorganization, areas of sclerosis and ulcerous E. Recurrent sclerosis and angiomatosis on valve
angiomatosis. Diagnose the kind of valvular vegetative
endocarditis.
 An autopsy of a 7-year-old child, who died from A. Serous
progressing heart failure, revealed 200 ml of some B. Purulent
progressing heart failure; epicardium with
245. semitransparent fluid in the pericardial cavity, the C. Fibroplastic E. Fibrinous
greyish filamentous superpositions
surface of the epicardium had greyish filamentous D. -
superpositions. Name the kind of pericarditis. E. Fibrinous
Two weeks after angina, a 14-year-old child A. Ischaemic
developed pains in the heart, cyanosis, dyspnoea, dystrophy of
oedemata of his lower extremities. The death was myocardium
caused by cardiac arrest. On autopsy, the heart B. Nodular angina in anamnesis; pains in heart,
was enlarged, its cavities were dilated, the productive myocarditis cyanosis, dyspnoea, oedemata of his E. Diffuse
myocardium was flaccid. A microscopic C. Focal interstitial lower extremities; heart enlarged; cavities interstitial
246.
examination revealed an acute oedema and exudative myocarditis dilated; myocardium flaccid; acute exudative
plethora of the interstice, an expressed infiltration D. Idiopathic oedema and plethora of the interstice; myocarditis
by lymphocytes, histiocytes, neutrophils and myocarditis lympho-histiocytic infiltration
eosinophils, foci of dystrophy of cardiomyocytes. E. Diffuse
Which of the diagnoses listed below was the most interstitial exudative
probable? myocarditis

A. Hepatocellular
On supersonic examination of a 48-year-old male
adenoma
patient, a hepatic neoplasm was diagnosed and a
B. Metastasis of
puncture biopsy was made. Microscopically, the adenocarcinoma C. atypical hepatocytes which formed E.
tumour consisted of atypical hepatocytes which Cholangiocellular
247. trabeculae, acini or tubules; stroma is Hepatocellular
formed trabeculae, acini or tubules. The tumour carcinoma poor and had thin-walled blood vessels carcinoma
stroma was poor and had thin-walled blood D. Solid carcinoma E.
vessels. Which of the kinds of tumours listed Hepatocellular
below was the most probable? carcinoma
 A room for dissections received the body of a
56year-old male who was ill with rheumatism A. Diffuse
during isolated
8 years and died from cardiovascular myocarditis
insufficiency. An autopsy revealed the rheumatic B. Focal
rheumatism in anamnesis; rheumatic
defect of the heart -mitral incompetence. A isolated
defect, mitral incompetence; interstitial
histological examination revealed oedema of the myocarditis C. E. Productive
oedema; lympho-histiocytic infiltration;
248. interstice, its diffuse infiltration by lymphocytes, Acute serous granulomatou
parenchymatous degeneration; foci of
histiocytes, neutrophilic and eosinophilic myocarditis s myocarditis
fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by large
leukocytes, as well as parenchymatous protein and D. Acute purulent
macrophages located in form of a veil
fatty degeneration of the cardiomyocytes. The left myocarditis E.
atrial auricle had foci of fibrinoid necrosis Productive
surrounded by large macrophages which were granulomatous
located in the form of a veil. Which of the myocarditis
diagnoses listed below was the most probable?
A. Rheumatic
exudative
myocarditis
During autopsy of the body of a patient, who had B. Cardiac
died due to heart failure, the following has been infarction C.
microfocal cardi- osclerosis, Aschoff E. Rheumatic
detected: myogenic dilatation of the heart left Systemic lupus
249. bodies with disorganization of connective productive
ventricle, microfocal cardi- osclerosis, vasculitis, erythematosus D.
tissue myocarditis
Aschoff bodies with disorganization of connective Myocardial ischemic
tissue, myocardosis. Make the diagnosis: dystrophy E.
Rheumatic
productive
myocarditis
 A patient has hoarseness of voice. During
laryngoscopy a gray-white larynx tumor with A. Fibroma
papillary surface has been detected.Microscopic B. Polyp papillary tumor; connective tissue
250. investigation has shown the following: growth of C. Angioma covered with multilayer, strongly E. Papilloma
connective tissue covered with multilayer, D. Angiofibroma keratinized epithelium, no cellular atypia
strongly kerati-nized pavement epithelium, no E. Papilloma
cellular atypia. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Postmortem examination of a patient with a long
history of rheumatism revealed thickening and A. Acute verrucous
shortening of the mitral valve leaflets with endocarditis B.
mitral valve deformation with abundant
abundant thrombotic deposits. Histological Fibroplastic
thrombotic deposits; sclerosis and
examnation of the valve leaflets confirmed endocarditis E. Recurrent
multiple foci of connective tissue
251. sclerosis and revealed multiple foci of connective C. Diffuse valvulitis verrucous
disorganization in form of mucoid and
tissue disorganization in form of mucoid and D. Polypous- endocarditis
fibrinoid swelling; deendothelization foci
fibrinoid swelling, as well as deendothelization ulcerative endocarditis
with thrombotic deposits
foci. Endothelium defects were covered with E. Recurrent verrucous
thrombotic deposits of 1-2 mm. What type of endocarditis
valvular endocarditis is the case?
A. Chronic right
ventricular
insufficiency B.
Examination of a patient who had been suffering Acute left
from rheumatism for a long time revealed stenosis ventricular
rheumatism in anamnesis; stenosis of
of mitral orifice, death was caused by cardiac and insufficiency C. E. Chronic left
Acute right mitral orifice, death from cardiac and
252. pulmonary insufficiency. Autopsy has shown ventricular
ventricular pulmonary insufficiency; brown
brown induration of lungs. What type of insufficiency
insufficiency induration of lungs
circulation disturbance provokes such changes in
lungs? D. Portal hypertension
E. Chronic left
ventricular
insufficiency
 A. Chronic
At the autopsy of a 65-year-old patient who died emphysema B.
of chronic heart failure due to rheumatic defects Muscat lungs chronic heart failure due to rheumatic E. Brown
253. of the heart of a lung of brown color, enlarged in C. Cell Lungs defects; lung of brown color, enlarged in induration of
size, compacted. What are the following changes D. Chronic size, compacted lungs
in lungs? bronchitis E. Brown
induration of lungs
At the autopsy of the deceased, signs of rheumatic A. Amyloidosis
heart disease have been revealed: thickened, B. Fibrinoid
deformed valves that have cartilage-like necrosis
rheumatism; thickened, deformed valves
consistency and a brilliant surface. What kind of C. Fibrinoid
254. with cartilage-like consistency and a E. Hyalinosis
dystrophic process is observed in the valves of the swelling D.
brilliant surface
heart? Dystrophic
calcification E.
Hyalinosis
Autopsy of a 28-year-old patient, who had been
A. -
suffering from rheumatism and died of heart
B. Diffuse
failure, revealed pancarditis. Histological rheumatism; heart failure; pancarditis;
interstitial productive
investigation of myocardium of the left ventricle perivascular cellular focal infiltrates E.
C. Diffuse
255. posterior wall and interventricular septum composed of macrophages and creating Granulomatou
interstitial exudative
detected perivascular cellular focal infiltrates palisade structures surrounding areas of s
D. Focal interstitial
composed of macrophages and creating palisade fibrinoid necrosis
exudative
structures surrounding areas of fibrinoid necrosis.
E. Granulomatous
Determine the type of myocarditis:
Microscopy of the myocardium of a patient who
A. -
had died from heart failure revealed foci of
B. Myocardial
fibrinoid necrosis located diffusely in the heart failure; foci of fibrinoid necrosis
infarction
interstitial stroma, and often around the vessels. located diffusely in the interstitial stroma; E. Rheumatic
256. C. Cardiomyopathy
Such foci were surrounded by lymphocytes, lympho-histiocytic infiltration and heart disease
D. Cardiosclerosis
macrophages, histiocytes. Pericardium was found macrophages; sero-fibrinous pericarditis
E. Rheumatic heart
to have signs of sero-fibrinous pericarditis. What
disease
is the most likely diagnosis?
 An examination of the female, who died from
renal insufficiency, revealed that her skin in the
regions of the bridge of the nose and lateral
surfaces of the face was brown-reddish and
desquamative. On autopsy, the heart was A. Rheumatism
enlarged, the cusps of the aortic valve were B. Arteriolar skin on nose and lateral surfaces
thickened, dense and had thrombotic nephrosclerosis C. brownreddish and desquamative; aortic
superpositions. The aortic wall had elastolysis and Nephropathy valve thickened, dense with thrombotic E. Systemic
257. small scars in the middle coat. The kidneys were amyloidosis D. superpositions; kidneys: motley, enlarged, lupus
motley, enlarged, with foci of haemorrhages in Arterial with haemorrhages; glomeruli thickened erythematosus
their cortical layer. Microscopically, there were nephrosclerosis E. with wire loops; hyaline thrombi and foci
haematoxylin bodies in the epithelial nuclei, the Systemic lupus of fibrinoid necrosis
basal membranes of capillaries of the glomeruli erythematosus
were thickened and gave an appearance of wire
loops, somewhere the capillaries contained
hyaline thrombi and foci of fibrinoid necrosis.
Make a diagnosis.
A histological examination of a skin biopsy expressed atrophy of the epidermis,
A. Systemic lupus hyalinosis of collagenous fibres,
revealed an insignificantly expressed atrophy of
erythematosus lymphocytic infiltrates in the derma,
the epidermis, hyalinosis of collagenous fibres
B. Scleroderma expressed interstitial oedema, a loss of E.
and scanty perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates in
258. C. Polyarteritis Dermatomyos
the derma, an expressed interstitial oedema, a loss
nodosa itis
of transversal striation and microfocal necroses transversal striation and microfocal
D. Rheumatism
with petrification in the underlying skeletal
E. Dermatomyositis necroses with petrification in underlying
muscles. Make a diagnosis of the disease. skeletal muscles
 A 45-year-old female, who complained of
progressing muscular weakness, underwent a A. Systemic
biopsy of soft tissues on her shin. A histological scleroderma
examination of the biopsy revealed some microfocal petrification of derma and
B. Systemic
microfocal petrification of the derma and skeletal skeletal muscles; reduced transversal E.
lupus erythematosus
259. muscles, a reduced amount of glycogen and striation and necrosis in muscular fibres; Dermatomyos
C. Rheumatism
transversal striation in the muscular fibres, some lympho-hystiocytic, macrophagal and itis
D. Polyarteritis
fibres were necrotized, the stroma was infiltrated plasmacytic infiltration in stroma
nodosa
by lymphocytes, macrophages and plasma cells. E. Dermatomyositis
Make a diagnosis of the disease.
A tumour removed from the white matter of the
right hemisphere of the brain is some soft A. Oligodendroglioma
"motley" node, 4 cm in diameter, without any B. tumour from white matter; soft "motley"
clear borders with the substance of the brain. Oligodendroglioblasto node, without any clear borders; consist
E.
260. Microscopically, the tumour consists of ma of polymorphous cells with numerous
polymorphous cells with numerous pathological Glioblastoma
C. Astrocytoma pathological mitoses; foci of necrosis and
mitoses, and it also reveals foci of necrosis and D. Astroblastoma haemorrhages
haemorrhages which occurred at different time. E. Glioblastoma
Name the tumor.
A 42-year-old female suffers from an expressed
deformity of joints of her fingers and legs.. A. Rheumatism
expressed deformity of joints of her joints
Histologically, the periarticular connective tissue B. Bekhterev's
of her fingers and legs; periarticular
reveals some mucoid swelling, foci of fibrinoid disease C. Infectious E.
connective tissue and synovial membrane
261. necrosis, clusters of macrophages and areas of polyarthritis D. Rheumatoid
with mucoid swelling, foci of fibrinoid
sclerosis, the synovial membrane has an oedema Polyarteritis nodosa arthritis
necrosis; clusters of macrophages and
of villi, as well as their mucoid and fibrinoid E. Rheumatoid
areas of sclerosis; "rice bodies"
swelling, the synovial cavity contains "rice arthritis
bodies". Make a diagnosis of the disease.
 A clinical examination of a 41-year-old male A. Polyarthritic form
patient revealed some deformity in small joints of of rheumatism B.
his extremities. A microscopic examination of a Rheumatoid
biopsy of the synovial coat revealed foci of arthritis (stage II) C. deformity in small joints; foci of mucoid
Rheumatoid E.
mucoid and fibrinoid swelling and fibrinoid and fibrinoid swelling and fibrinoid
Rheumatoid
262. necrosis in the stroma of villi and vascular walls, arthritis (stage necrosis; proliferation of synoviocytes;
III) D. Arthritis in arthritis (stage
proliferation of synoviocytes, a perivascular infiltration by lymphocytes, plasmacytes
systemic lupus I)
infiltration by lymphocytes, plasmacytes and and neutrophils; IgG in the plasmacytes
neutrophils; there was IgG in the plasmacytes. erythematosus E.
Which of the diagnoses listed below was the most Rheumatoid
probable? arthritis (stage I)
An autopsy of a 45-year-old female, who died
from cardiac failure, revealed on the lateral
surfaces of her both cheeks some reddishbrownish
spots which fused on the bridge of the nose. The
heart was enlarged, the myocardium was flaccid in
consistency, the cusps of the aortic valve were A. Rheumatic
thickened and had thrombotic superpositions. The defect of heart cardiac failure; "butterfly" on nose; aortic
kidneys were motley and had focal haemorrhages. B. Septic valve thickened with thrombotic
The pyramids of the medullary layer were dark endocarditis C. superpositions; haematoxylin bodies in E. Systemic
263. red, the cortical layer was greyish and had red Subacute tubular epithelial nuclei; basal membranes lupus
specks. A microscopic examination of the kidneys glomerulonephritis D. of glomeruli thickened with wire loops; erythematosus
revealed haematoxylin bodies in the tubular Atherosclerotic defect hyaline thrombi and foci of fibrinoid
epithelial nuclei, the basal membranes of of heart E. Systemic necrosi
capillaries of the glomeruli were thickened and lupus erythematosus
gave an appearance of wire loops, somewhere the
walls of the capillaries contained hyaline thrombi
and foci of fibrinoid necrosis.
Which diagnosis was the most probable?
 Microscopy of the kidneys from a man died of
systemic lupus erythematosus revealed sclerosed
glomeruli, the lumens of the small arteries and A. Fat-protein detritus systemic lupus erythematosus; sclerosed
arterioles are narrow, the median membrane is B. Simple hyaline glomeruli; arterioles lumens are narrow;
thin, homogeneous, eosinophilic masses are E. Complex
264. C. Lipohyalin median membrane is thin, homogeneous,
present in the subendothelial space. hyalin
D. Amyloid eosinophilic masses in subendothelial
Immunologically these masses contain immune E. Complex hyalin space; immune complexes and fibrin
complexes and fibrin. Which substance is present
in the subendothelial space?
Histological investigation of skeletal muscle A. Wegener's
detected lymphocytic infiltration of the walls granulomatosis
arteries, sometimes circular and segmental B. Takayasu's
lymphocytic infiltration of arteries;
fibrinoid necrosis, cell proliferation segments of disease E.
circular and segmental fibrinoid necrosis;
265. the outer shell of a transition sclerosis and the C. Horton disease Polyarteritis
cell proliferation in outer shell; sclerosis
formation of small plots thickening of the walls ofD. Syphilitic nodosa
and plots thickening of walls of arteries
arteries. Define pathological process. vasculitis
E. Polyarteritis
nodosa
Autopsy of a man who died of intoxication A. Alimentary
revealed cachexia, muscular atrophy, wrinkled B. Hypophyseal
skin, decreased mass of the inner organs, C. Cerebral D. In
266. tumor of stomach with metastases E. Cancerous
stenosing tumor of the stomach with metastases to chronic infectious
the liver and regional nodes. Which type of disease
cachexia is most probable? E. Cancerous
Male 47 years died of a heart attack. A. Nonspecific
Histologically in the wall of the aortic arch and aortitis
the vessels departing from it revealed B. Rheumatism in aortic arch are granulomatous arteritis;
granulomatous arteritis with a mononuclear C. C Polyarteritis mononuclear infiltrate; giant multi-cell; E. Takayasu's
267.
infiltrate predominance in a small number of giant nodosa destruction of elastic fibers; smooth disease
multi-cell destruction of elastic fibers, smooth D. Wegener's myocyte necrosis; parietal thrombosis
myocyte necrosis and parietal thrombosis. What granulomatosis E.
disease in this case is most likely? Takayasu's disease
 A. Nodular
Histological examination of a kidney patient 26 periarthritis
years old who died from renal failure revealed B. Rheumatism
E. Systemic
capillary membranes of glomeruli in the form of C. Scleroderma D. renal failure; "wire loops" in glomeruli;
268. lupus
wire loops, hyaline thrombi in capillaries, centers Rheumatoid hyaline thrombi; fibrinoid necrosis
erythematosus
of fibrinoid necrosis. What is the most likely arthritis
diagnosis? E. Systemic lupus
erythematosus
A. Rheumatism
In a patient with systemic connective tissue B. Scleroderma
disease, the dryness of the conjunctiva and oral C. Calculous systemic connective tissue disease;
dryness of conjunctiva and oral cavity; E. Shegren's
269. cavity is noted. Puncture biopsy revealed the sialoadenitis
immune destruction of the salivary glands. Which D. Systemic lupus immune destruction of the salivary glands syndrome
disease is most probable? erythematosus E.
Shegren's syndrome
The histological examination of the deformed
mitral valve revealed a pronounced basophilic A. Amyloidosis
reaction in the connective tissue of the valve when B. Fibrinoid swelling deformed mitral valve; basophilic
E. Mucoid
270. colored with hematoxylin and eosin, and when the C. Gyalinosis reaction in the connective tissue;
swelling
toluidine blue colored, the reaction was D. Fibrinoid necrosis metachromasia at toluidine blue stain
metachromasia. What changes in connective E. Mucoid swelling
tissue reveal these reactions?
A. Deforming
In a patient after supercooling, deformity of the
arthrosis
joints, pain and limitation of movements in the deformity of the joints with pain and
B. Dermatomyositis E.
fingers of the extremities developed; small dense limitation of movements; small dense
271. C. Rheumatism Rheumatoid
nodules appeared around the joints. At the biopsy, nodules around joints; focus of fibrinous
D. Gout arthritis
nodules found focus of fibrinous necrosis necrosis surrounded by histiocytes
E. Rheumatoid
surrounded by histiocytes. Your diagnosis?
arthritis
 A patient with high-titer antinuclear antibodies
died from progressing renal impairment. Autopsy
A. Periarteritisnodosa high-titer antinuclear antibodies;
revealed deformity of the joints with pain and
B. Nephrotic syndrome deformity of the joints with pain and
limitation of movements; small dense nodules E. Systemic
C. Rheumatism limitation; small nodules around joints;
272. around joints; focus of fibrinous necrosis lupus
D. Dermatomyositis focus of fibrinous necrosis surrounded by
surrounded by histiocytes. Periarterial bulbar erythematosus
E. Systemic lupus histiocytes; periarterial bulbar sclerosis;
sclerosis was detected in spleen and productive
erythematosus productive proliferative vasculitis
proliferative vasculitis in skin. What is the most
likely diagnosis?
A 70-year-old male patient died from acute
coronary insufficiency. He had knee joint
swelling, gonycampsis and gonalgia during his A. Deforming
lifetime. Pathomorphologic examination of the arthrosis knee joint swelling, gonycampsis and
deformed joints and synovial membranes revealed B. Periarteritis gonalgia; synovial membranes
membrane hyperaemia with multiple perivascular nodosa C. Ankylosing hyperaemia; perivascular inflammatory E. Atrophic
273.
inflammatory infiltrations made by lymphocytes, spondylitis D. infiltrations by lymphocytes, plasmocytes arthritis
plasmocytes and macrophagocytes. There was an Tuberculous and macrophages; organized fibrin; rice
accumulation of organized fibrin covering some arthritis grains in articular liquid
areas of synovium membrane and looking like E. Atrophic arthritis
rice grains in the articular liquid. What is the most
likely diagnosis?
A. Hemorrhagic
During autopsy approximately 2,0 liters of pus peritonitis
have been found in the abdominal cavity of the B. Serous pus in abdominal cavity; peritoneum is
E.
body. Peritoneum is dull and of grayish shade, peritonitis C. dull and of grayish shade, serous tunic of
274. Tuberculous peritonitis intestines has grayish-colored coating that Fibrinopurule
serous tunic of intestines has grayish-colored
nt peritonitis
coating that is easily removable. Specify the most D. Necrosis is easily removable
likely type of peritonitis in the patient: E. Fibrinopurulent
peritonitis
 A patient ill with tuberculosis died from A. Tuberculoma B.
progressing cardiopulmonary decompensation. Caseous
Autopsy in the area of the right lung apex pneumonia tuberculosis and progressing
revealed a cavity 5 cm in diameter communicating C. Infiltrative cardiopulmonary decompensation; cavity E. Acute
275. with lumen of a segmental bronchus. On the tuberculosis D. communicating with lumen of bronchus; cavernous
inside cavity walls are covered with caseous Acute focal caseous masses with epithelioid and tuberculosis
masses with epithelioid and Langhans cells tuberculosis Langhans cells
beneath them. What morphological form of E. Acute cavernous
tuberculosis is it? tuberculosis
In a 37-year-old female patient, an enlarged dense
A. Adenofibroma B.
mammary gland was revealed, the nipple with the
Scirrhous
areola of the mammary gland were oedematous,
carcinoma
the skin had an appearance of an "intradermal tumour with polymorphous nuclei and
C. Paget's E. Medullary
276. bleb". On microscopic examination, the gland pathological mitoses; tumour stroma was
disease carcinoma
tissues revealed layers of tumour cells with poorly expressed
D. Adenoma E.
polymorphous nuclei and a large number of
Medullary
pathological mitoses. The tumour stroma was
carcinoma
poorly expressed. Make the diagnosis.
A male patient is 28 years old. Histological study
of a cervical lymph node revealed a change of its
A. Hodgkin’s disease proliferation of epithelioid, lymphoid
pattern due to the proliferation of epithelioid,
B. Actinomycosis cells and macrophages having nuclei in
lymphoid cells and macrophages having nuclei in E.
277. C. Tumor metastasis form of a horseshoe in lymph node;
form of a horseshoe. In the center of some cell Tuberculosis
D. Syphilis nonstructured light-pink areas with
clusters there were non-structured light-pink areas
E. Tuberculosis fragments of nuclei
with fragments of nuclei. What disease are these
changes typical for?
A 63-year-old man, who has been suffering from A. Primary systemic
chronic fibrous-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis B. Localized (focal)
for 24 years, has been delivered to a nephrology C. Hereditary chronic fibrous-cavernous pulmonary E. Secondary
278.
department with uremia. Intravital diagnostic test (genetic) tuberculosis; amyloid in the kidneys systemic
for amyloid in the kidneys was positive. What D. Senile
amyloidosis is it in this case? E. Secondary systemic
 A 3-year-old child with meningeal symptoms
died. Postmortem macroscopy of the pia matter
A. Syphilitic pia matter with miliary nodules with foci
revealed miliary nodules which were
B. Brucellar of caseous necrosis with masses of
microscopically represented by a focus of caseous E.
279. C. Grippal epithelioid and lymphoid cells;
necrosis with masses of epithelioid and lymphoid Tuberculosis
D. Meningococcal crescentshaped large cells with nuclei on
cells with some crescent-shaped large cells
E. Tuberculosis peripheral
inbetween having peripheral nuclei. Specify the
type of meningitis in the child:
A. Secondary
fibrousfocal
tuberculosis B.
A 40-year-old prisoner died of tuberculosis in the Hematogenous
corrective labor camp. Autopsy of the body macrofocal pulmonary
tuberculosis in anamnesis; deformation
revealed deformation and diminishing of both tuberculosis C.
and diminishing of both lung apices; E. Secondary
lung apices; in the both upper lobes there are Primary tuberculosis,
280. upper lobes with multiple cavities with fibro-cavitary
multiple cavities with dense walls 2-3 mm thick; primary affect
dense walls; caseous necrosis in lower tuberculosis
in the lower lung lobes there are disseminated foci development D.
lobes
of caseous necrosis varying from 5 mm to 2 cm in Secondary cirrhotic
diameter. Diagnose the type of tuberculosis: tuberculosis
E. Secondary
fibrocavitary
tuberculosis
Autopsy of a man who had tuberculosis revealed a A. Fibrous focal
3-2 cm large cavity in the superior lobe of the tuberculosis B.
tuberculosis in anamnesis; cavity in
right lung. The cavity was interconnected with a Tuberculoma C.
superior lobe of lung interconnected with
bronchus, its wall was dense and consisted of Acute focal E. Fibrous
a bronchus; wall is dense and consisted of
281. three layers: the internal layer was pyogenic, the tuberculosis cavernous
middle layer was made by tuberculous granulation D. Acute cavernous pyogenic membrane, tuberculous tuberculosis
tuberculosis granulation tissue and connective tissue
tissue and the external one was made by
E. Fibrous layer
connective tissue. What is the most likely
diagnosis? cavernous tuberculosis
 A. Infiltrative
tuberculosis B.
Autopsy of a young man revealed some lung Caseous
cavities with inner walls made up of granulation pneumonia lung cavities with granulation tissue with
E. Fibrous
tissue with varying degrees of maturity; C. Acute varying degrees of maturity; pronounced
282. cavernous
pronounced pneumosclerosis and bronchiectasis. cavernous pneumosclerosis and bronchiectasis;
tuberculosis
Some cavities had caseation areas. What is your tuberculosis caseation areas
presumptive diagnosis? D. Bronchiectasis
E. Fibrous cavernous
tuberculosis
A patient was suffering from primary tuberculosis A. Cirrhotic
5 years ago. Radiography has revealed a sharply tuberculosis
marginated nodular shadow with diameter of 4 cm B. Acute cavernous
primary tuberculosis 5 years ago; sharply
in the 2nd segment of the right lung. Focus was tuberculosis
marginated nodular shadow 4 cm; this E.
283. surgically removed. Histological study has C. Fibro-cavernous
focus of caseous necrosis surrounded by Tuberculoma
revealed the following: the focus of caseous tuberculosis D.
thick capsule of connective tissue
necrosis surrounded by the thick capsule of Caseous pneumonia E.
connective tissue. What kind of secondary Tuberculoma
tuberculosis has occurred in patient?
Microscopic analysis of tissue sampling from
patient's skin reveals granulomas that consist of
epithelioid cells surrounded mostly by A. Syphilis granulomas with epithelioid cells,
Tlymphocytes. Among epithelioid cells there are B. Leprosy lymphocytes, solitary giant multinuclear
E.
284. solitary giant multinuclear cells of C. Rhinoscleroma cells of Pirogov-Langhans; caseous
Tuberculosis
PirogovLanghans typ. In the centre of some D. Glanders necrosis in the centre without blood
granulomas there are areas of caseous necrosis. E. Tuberculosis vessels
Blood vessels are absent. What disease are the
described granulomas typical for?
 A 4-year-old child with meningeal symptoms
died. Postmortem macroscopy of the pia matter
A. Syphilitic
revealed miliary nodules which were miliary nodules with foci of caseous
B. Brucellar
microscopically represented by a focus of caseous necrosis; epithelioid and lymphoid cells; E.
285. C. Grippal
necrosis with masses of epithelioid and lymphoid large cells with crescent-shaped nuclei Tuberculosis
D. Meningococcal
cells with large cells containing crescent-shaped situated peripheral
E. Tuberculosis
peripheral nuclei situated between them. Specify
the type of meningitis in the child:
A male patient is 20 years old. Histological study
of a cervical lymph node revealed a change of its
A. Hodgkin’s disease
pattern due to the proliferation of epithelioid, lymph node; epithelioid, lymphoid cells
B. Actinomycosis
lymphoid cells and macrophages having nuclei in and macrophages having nuclei in form of E.
286. C. Tumor metastasis
form of a horseshoe. In the center of some cell a horseshoe; non-structured light-pink Tuberculosis
D. Syphilis
clusters there were non-structured light-pink areas areas with fragments of nuclei
E. Tuberculosis
with fragments of nuclei. What disease are these
changes typical for?
A. Hematogenous
progression of
primary tuberculosis
Autopsy of a 18 year old girl who died from B. Hematogenous
pulmonary failure revealed a small area of tuberculosis with
caseous necrosis in the inferior lobe of the right predominant lung
E. Primary
287. lung, and occurrences of caseous necrosis in the affection C.
tuberculosis
bronchopulmonary, bronchial and bifurcational Tuberculoma D. caseous necrosis in lung and in regional
lymph nodes. What is the most probable Caseous pneumonia lymph nodes
postmortem diagnosis? under secondary
tuberculosis E.
Primary tuberculosis
 A man is 28 years old. Histological investigation
of the cervical lymph node revealed a change of
A. Hodgkin’s disease
its pattern due to proliferation of epithelioid, proliferation of epithelioid, lymphoid cells
B. Actinomycosis
lymphoid cells and macrophages with horseshoe- and macrophages having nuclei in form of E.
288. C. Tumor metastasis
shaped nuclei. In the center of some cell clusters a horseshoe in lymph node; nonstructured Tuberculosis
D. Syphilis
there were non-structured light-pink areas with light-pink areas with fragments of nuclei
E. Tuberculosis
fragments of nuclei. What disease are these
changes typical of?
A. Anaphylaxis B.
Antibodydependent 48 hours after tuberculin test (Mantoux
48 hours after performing tuberculin test
cytotoxicity C. test); 10 mm papule appeared on the spot
(Mantoux test) to a child a 10 mm papule
Immune complex of tuberculin introduction E. Cellular
289. appeared on the spot of tuberculin introduction.
cytotoxicity cytotoxicity
What hypersensitivity mechanism underlies these
D. Granulomatosis
changes?
E. Cellular
cytotoxicity
A 46 year old patient who had been suffering from
tuberculosis for 6 years died from massive
pulmonary haemorrhage. Autopsy revealed A. Acute cavernous tuberculosis in anamnesis; foci of
different-sixed foci of sclerosis and caseous B. Infiltrative sclerosis and caseous necrosis; cavity 5 E.
290. necrosis in lungs, in the upper part of the right C. Fibrous focal cm in upper part of lung with dense grey Fibrocavernou
lung there was a cavity 5 cm in diameter with D. Acute focal walls and contained liquid blood and s
dense grey walls, the cavity contained liquid E. Fibrocavernous blood clots
blood and blood clots. What type of tuberculosis
is it?
 An autopsy of a 46-year-old male, who died from
intoxication, revealed mucus and some blood in
the lumens of the rectum and sigmoid colon, the A. Crohn’s disease intoxication; mucus and some blood in the
mucous membrane had numerous brown- green B. Salmonellosis lumens of the rectum and sigmoid colon;
291. membranous superpositions and haemorrhages. C. Cholera numerous brown- green membranous E. Dysentery
Microscopically, fibrinous colitis was found. On D. Yersiniosis superpositions and haemorrhages;
bacteriological examination of the intestinal E. Dysentery fibrinous colitis; Shigella sonnei
contents, Shigella sonnei was isolated. Make a
diagnosis of the disease.

On autopsy of a 45-year-old male, who died from

intoxication, the wall of the ileum revealed some
grouped and solitary follicles which rose above intoxication; grouped and solitary follicles
the level of the mucous coat and whose surface A. A Salmonellosis
which rose above the mucous coat with
had numerous grooves and convolutions. B. Dysentery
numerous grooves and convolutions; E. Typhoid
292. Histologically, the follicles were characterized by C. Cholera
monocytes, histiocytes and reticular cells fever
a proliferation of monocytes, histiocytes and D. Yersiniosis
and large macrophages with a light
reticular cells, as well as large macrophages with E. Typhoid fever
cytoplasm formed granulomata
a light cytoplasm, and these macrophages formed
granulomata. The above picture is typical for:
Colonoscopy in a male patient, who was ill with
A. Catarrhal
dysentery, revealed that the mucous membrane of
B. Ulcerous
the large intestine was hyperaemic and dysentery; mucous membrane ... covered
293. C. Purulent E. Fibrinous
oedematous, its surface was covered with with grey-green films
D. Necrotic
greygreen films. Name the morphological form of
E. Fibrinous
dysenteric colitis.
Colonoscopy in a male patient on the 5th day after A. Crohn’s disease
the onset of diarrhoea revealed in the inflamed B. Nonspecific diarrhoea; inflamed mucous membrane of
mucous membrane of his rectum some grey-green ulcerous colitis C. rectum; grey-green membranous
294. E. Dysentery
membranous superpositions tightly connected Typhoid fever superpositions tightly connected with the
with the underlying tissues. What is the most D. Salmonellosis underlying tissues
probable diagnosis? E. Dysentery
 An autopsy of a male patient, who died one week
after the beginning of a profuse diarrhoea, A. Food intoxication
revealed a sharply expressed exicosis, the tissues B. Dysentery profuse diarrhoea; sharply expressed
295. were dry, the blood was thick. On bacteriological C. Typhoid fever exicosis; dry tissues, thick blood; "rice E. Cholera
examination of the contents of the small intestine, D. Salmonellosis water" in small intestine and vibrios
that resembled rice water, vibrios were found. E. Cholera
What disease caused the patient’s death?

On autopsy of a 40-year-old male, who died from

intoxication, his small intestine contained groups E. Typhoid
of follicles which rose above the mucous coat. fever
Their surface had grooves and convolutions, their intoxication; groups of follicles which
A. Cholera
pattern resembling the cerebral surface. Against a rose above mucous coat with grooves and
B. Salmonellosis
background of loss of lymphocytes, a microscopic convolutions (like cerebral surface);
296. C. Amoebiasis
examination of the follicles revealed a proliferation of monocytes, histiocytes,
D. Dysentery
proliferation of monocytes, histiocytes and reticular cells, macrophages which
E. Typhoid fever
reticular cells, as well as clusters of macrophages formed granulomata
which formed granulomata. What disease are the
described changes typical for?
A 63 y.o. man fell ill with acute tracheitis and
bronchitis accompanied by bronchial pneumonia.
On the 10th day the patient died from A. Moderately
cardiopulmonary insufficiency; fibrinous
cardiopulmonary insufficiency. Autopsy revealed severe influenza B.
hemorrhagic laryngotracheobronchitis;
fibrinous hemorrhagic laryngotracheobronchitis; Parainfluenza C.
lungs enlarged; "coal- miner’s"effect: mix
lungs were enlarged, their incision revealed the Respiratory syncytial E. Influenza,
297. of bronchial pneumonia, hemorrhages,
"coal- miner’s"effect caused by interlacing of infection D. severe form
acute abscesses and atelectases;
sections of bronchial pneumonia, hemorrhages Adenoviral infection
discirculatory-dystrophic changes in
into the pulmonary parenchyma, acute abscesses E. Influenza, severe
internal organs
and atelectases. Internal organs have form
discirculatory and dystrophic changes. What is the
most probable diagnosis?
 A 30 year old man had been suffering from acute
respiratory disease and died from A. Parainfluenza
cardiopulmonary decompensation. Autopsy B. Respiratory cardiopulmonary decompensation;
revealed fibrinous-haemorrhagic inflammation in syncytial infection fibrinous-haemorrhagic inflammation in
298. the mucous membrane of larynx and trachea, C. Measles D. mucous; destructive panbronchitis; E. Influenza
destructive panbronchitis, enlarged lungs that look Adenoviral enlarged lungs with abscesses,
black due to the multiple abcesses, haemorrhages, infection E. haemorrhages, necrosis
necrosis. What is the most probable postmortem Influenza
diagnosis?

2 days after labour a woman developed shock A. Syphilis

along with DIC syndrome that caused her death. B. Tuberculosis of
genital organs 2 days after labour; shock, DIC
Autopsy revealed purulent endomyometritis,
syndrome; purulent endomyometritis,
regional purulent lymphangitis, lymphadenitis and C. Chorioadenoma
299. destruens lymphangitis, lymphadenitis and purulent E. Septicemia
purulent thrombophlebitis. There were also
thrombophlebitis; dystrophic alterations
dystrophic alterations and interstitial inflammation
and interstitial inflammation
of parenchymal organs. What is the most likely D. Hydatid mole
diagnosis? E. Septicemia
A 20 year old patient died from intoxication 8
days after artificial illegal abortion performed in A. Chroniosepsis
her 14-15th week of pregnancy. Autopsy of the B. Hemorrhagic shock jaundice; necrotic suppurative
E.
corpse revealed yellowish colour of eye sclera and C. Septicemia endometritis; multiple pulmonary
300. Septicopyemi
of skin, necrotic suppurative endometritis, D. Viral hepatitis type abscesses, spleen hyperplasia with a big
a
multiple pulmonary abscesses, spleen hyperplasia A number of neutrophils in its sinuses
with a big number of neutrophils in its sinuses. E. Septicopyemia
What complication after abortion was developed?
 A. Suppurative
inflammation B.
A 7-year-old child has acute onset of disease:
Fibrinous
temperature rise up to 38oC , rhinitis, cough,
inflammation C.
lacrimation, and large-spot rash on the skin.
Hemorrhagic mucosa is edematous, hyperemic, with E. Catarrhal
301. Pharyngeal mucosa is edematous, hyperemic, with
inflammation whitish spots inflammation
whitish spots in the buccal area. What kind of
D. Serous
inflammation causes the changes in the buccal
inflammation E.
mucosa?
Catarrhal
inflammation
A man with a wound of his limb that had been
A. Septicopyemia
suppurating for a long time died from
B. Septicemia C. suppurating wound long time; extreme
intoxication. Autopsy revealed extreme
Chernogubov’s emaciation, dehydration, brown atrophy E.
302. emaciation, dehydration, brown atrophy of liver,
syndrome of liver, myocardium, spleen and Chroniosepsis
myocardium, spleen and cross-striated muscles as
D. Brucellosis crossstriated muscles; renal amyloidosis
well as renal amyloidosis. What diagnosis
E. Chroniosepsis
corresponds with the described presentations?

A 71-year-old man had been presenting with

diarrhea for 10 days. The feces had admixtures of A. Typhoid
blood and mucus. He was delivered to a hospital fever
blood and mucus in feces; diphtheritic
in grave condition and died 2 days later. Autopsy B. Salmonellosis
colitis with multiple irregularly-shaped
303. of the body revealed the following: diphtheritic C. Nonspecific E. Dysentery
ulcers in sigmoid colon and rectum;
colitis with multiple irregularly-shaped ulcers of ulcerous colitis D.
Shigella
different depth in both sigmoid colon and rectus. Yersiniosis
Bacteriological analysis revealed Shigella.What E. Dysentery
was the main disease?
 Autopsy of a 42-year-old man revealed a
A. Dysentery
distinctly dilated lumen of small intestine filled
B. Salmonellosis small intestine expanded, contain
with rice-water-like liquid. The intestine wall was
304. C. Amebiasis "ricewater"; lots of petechial E. Cholera
edematic with lots of petechial haemorrhages on
D. Typhoid fever haemorrhages
the mucosa.What infectious disease is the
E. Cholera
described enteritis typical for?
A worker of a cattle farm consulted a surgeon
about fever up to 40oC, headache, weakness. A. Plaque
cattle farm; hyperaemia and a dark red
Objective examination of his back revealed B. Tularemia
infiltration up to 5 cm in diameter with
305. hyperaemia and a dark red infiltration up to 5 cm C. Furuncle E. Anthrax
black bottom in the centre and some
in diameter with black bottom in the centre and D. Abscess
pustules
some pustules. What disease are these E. Anthrax
presentations typical for?
A 42-year-old man died with symptoms of severe A. Parainfluenza B.
intoxication and respiratory failure. A slide of Adenovirus
lung tissue was heterogenous, with multiple infection intoxication and respiratory failure;
microfocal hemorrhages and foci of emphysema. C. Respiratory multiple microfocal hemorrhages;
306. Histological examination of lungs revealed syncytial virus hemorrhagic abscessing E. Influenza
hemorrhagic abscessing bronchopneumonia; infection bronchopneumonia; eosinophilic and
eosinophilic and basophilic granules in the D. Staphylococcal basophilic granules in epithelial cells
cytoplasm of epithelial cells of bronchi. What is bronchopneumonia
the most likely diagnosis? E. Influenza

A. Typhoid fever,
Autopsy of a man who died from intraintestinal "clean ulcer"stage B.
hemorrhage revealed necrosis of grouped and Typhoid fever,
intraintestinal hemorrhage; necrosis of E. Typhoid
solitary follicles, dead tissues imbibed with bile necrosis stage
follicles, dead tissues imbibed with bile fever,
307. and blood in the ileum; sequestration and rejection C. Abdominal
and blood; sequestration and rejection of ulcerative
of necrotic masses with defect formation in the typhoid salmonellosis
necrotic masses with defect formation stage
lower segment of the intestine. Which of the D. Crohn’s disease E.
following diagnoses is most likely? Typhoid fever,
ulcerative stage
 A patient with marked manifestations of exsicosis
died in the infectious disease hospital. A. Enteric fever
Postmortem examination results: the corpse with B. Dysentery exsicosis; contracted muscles, dry skin
contracted muscles, dry skin and mucous C. Anthrax, and mucous membranes; thick, dark
308. E. Cholera
membranes, thick and dark blood in veins, intestinal form blood; plethoric mucosa, distended bowel
edematous plethoric mucosa, distended bowel D. Yersiniosis loops with "ricewater" fluid
loops, the lumen contains about 4 liters of E. Cholera
ricewater fluid. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A 47-year-old patient with symptoms of severe
A. Adenovirus
intoxication and respiratory failure died. A section
infection
of lung tissue had a mottled pattern with multiple
B. Parainfluenza intoxication and respiratory failure; focal
small focal hemorrhages and foci of emphysema.
C. Respiratory hemorrhages; hemorrhagic
309. Histological examination revealed hemorrhagic E. Influenza
syncytial bronchopneumonia with abscess; cells
bronchopneumonia accompanied by abscess; the
D. Staphylococcal had eosinophil and basophil inclusions
cytoplasm of bronchial epithelial cells had
bronchopneumonia
eosinophil and basophil inclusions. According to
E. Influenza
the section analysis, make your diagnosis:
A. Brucellosis
A 47-year-old male patient consulted a dentist
B. Whooping
about difficult mouth opening (lockjaw). The
cough C. Anaerobic difficult mouth opening (lockjaw) (rigid
310. patient has a history of a stab wound of the lower E. Tetanus
wound infection D. muscles); stab wound in anamnesis
extremity. What infection can be manifested by
Tularemia
these symptoms?
E. Tetanus

A. Healing
Autopsy of the body of a 46-year-old man, who
B. Arain-like
had been suffering from typhoid fever and died of
swelling of the typhoid fever; sequestration areas, tissue
311. intestinal hemorrhage, has revealed sequestration E. Dirty ulcers
follicles C. Necrosis rejection in lymphoid follicle clusters
areas, tissue rejection in the areas of lymphoid
D. Clean ulcers
follicle clusters. What stage of typhoid fever is it?
E. Dirty ulcers
 A. Proliferative
A patient, having suffered a thermal burn,
B. Croupous
developed painful bubble filled with turbid liquid
312. C. Granulomatous thermal burn; bubble with turbid liquid E. Serous
in the skin. What morphological type of
D. Diphtheritic
inflammation has developed in the patient?
E. Serous
During autopsy of a man, who died of acute
A. Diphtheritic
transmural cardiac infarction, the following has
B. Serous
been detected on the pericardium surface: fibrous fibrous whitish-brown deposit on
313. C. Suppurative E. Croupous
whitish-brown deposit connecting parietal and pericardium
D. Granulomatous
visceral pericardial layers. What kind of
E. Croupous
inflammation occurred in the pericardium?
A. Serous peritonitis
B. Fibrinous serous
A 39-year-old man who had been operated for the
peritonitis C.
stomach ulcer died 7 days after the surgery.
Peritoneal
Autopsy revealed that peritoneal leaves were dull, E.
commissures D. ulcer; peritoneum dull, plethoric, with
plethoric, covered with massive yellow- greenish Fibrinoushaemorrhagi Fibrinoussupp
314. massive yellow- greenish films, thick
films, the peritoneal cavity contained about 300 c peritonitis E. urative
yellow-greenish liquid
ml of thick yellow-greenish liquid. What Fibrinoussuppurative peritonitis
pathologic process was revealed in the peritoneal peritonitis
cavity?

A patient has undergone surgical removal of a

cavitary liver lesion 2 cm in diameter. It was
A. Acute
revealed that the cavity wall was formed by dense
abscess cavity wall formed by dense fibrous
fibrous connective tissue; the cavity contained
B. Phlegmon C. connective tissue; murky thick yellowish- E. Chronic
315. murky thick yellowish-green fluid with an
Empyema green fluid with an unpleasant odor; abscess
unpleasant odor. Microscopically the fluid
D. Furuncle mainly polymorphonuclear leukocytes
consisted mainly of polymorphonuclear
E. Chronic abscess
leukocytes. What pathological process are these
morphological changes typical for?
 Granulomas containing lymphocytes and
macrophages were detected during analysis of A. Syphilis
Granulomas with lymphocytes and
skin biopsy material. Among macrophages there B. Tuberculosis
macrophages; large cells with fat
316. are large cells with fat inclusions, which contain C. Rhinoscleroma E. Leprosy
inclusions and microorganisms in
microorganisms in spherical packages (Virchow’s D. Epidemic typhus
spherical packages (Virchow’s cells)
cells). The following disease is based on the E. Leprosy
described type of hypersensitivity:
A. Traumatic
edema B.
As a result of careless handling of an iron, a
Alternative
34year-old female patient has got acute pain,
inflammation C.
redness, swelling of her right index finger. A few
Proliferative blister with a transparent liquid of E. Exudative
317. minutes later, there appeared a blister filled with a
inflammation D. strawyellow color inflammation
transparent liquid of straw-yellow color. The
Vacuolar
described changes are a manifestation of the
degeneration E.
following pathological process:
Exudative
inflammation
A 7-year-old boy got ill with diphtheria. On the
third day he died of asphyxiation. At autopsy the A. Diphtheritic
mucosa of the larynx, trachea and bronchi had B. Purulent diphtheria; asphyxiation; mucosa
318. thickened, edematous, lusterless appearance and C. Catarrhal thickened, edematous, covered with gray E. Croupous
was covered with gray films which could be easily D. Intermediate films which easily removed
removed. Specify the type of laryngeal E. Croupous
inflammation:
 There is a 7-year-old child with complains of
cough, lacrimation, rhinitis, skin rash,
A. Adenovirus
photophobia and three-day-long fever as high as
infection B.
38°C. Physical examination has revealed the skin rash, photophobia; conjunctivitis;
Scarlet fever C.
319. following: conjunctivitis; bright red bright red maculopapular rash; hyperemic E. Measles
Chicken pox
maculopapular rash covering the skin of face, pharynx
D. Rubella
neck and torso; hyperemic pharynx; serous
E. Measles
purulent secretions from the nose; dry rales in the
lungs. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Autopsy of a dead 6-year-old child revealed a
marked edema of the soft tissues of neck and
enlarged tonsils. Pharyngeal mucosa was covered
with numerous dense whitish-yellow pellicles A. Parainfluenza
tonsils and pharyngeal mucosa with dense
exposing deep ulcers after their removal. B. Scarlet fever
whitish-yellow pellicles; necrosis of upper
320. Histological examination of the pharyngeal C. Whooping cough E. Diphtheria
epithelial layers, impregnation with the
mucosa revealed necrosis of the upper epithelial D. Measles
fibrinous exudate
layers, impregnation of the mucous memrane with E. Diphtheria
the fibrinous exudate and moderate leukocyte
infiltration. What infectious disease caused the
death of the child?
A 4-year-old girl died suddenly with symptoms of
asphyxia. Autopsy revealed white spots on the A. Scarlet fever
white spots on buccal mucosa; large
buccal mucosa; large blotches of rash on the skin B. Influenza
blotches of rash; conjunctivitis, edema
321. of face, trunk and extremities; conjunctivitis, C. Meningococcal E. Measles
with foci of necrosis on larynx; giant-cell
edema with foci of necrosis on the laryngeal infection D. Typhus
pneumonia
mucosa; giant-cell pneumonia on microscopy. E. Measles
What is the most likely diagnosis?
Such presentations as catarrhal conjunctivitis, A. Spotted fever
pharyngitis, laryngotracheobronchitis, white spots B. Scarlet fever catarrhal conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, white
on the buccal mucosa in the region of lower C. Meningococcal spots on the buccal mucosa in region of
322. E. Measles
premolar teeth, maculopapular rash on face, body infection D. Influenza lower premolar teeth, maculopapular rash
and extremities are typical for the following E. Measles on face, body and extremities
disease:
 A child is 10 years old. The followi-ng
presentations have developed: sharp pain during
A. Meningococcal sharp pain during swallowing, swollen
swallowing, swollen neck, body temperature rise
nasopharyngitis B. neck, temperature; bright-red finely
up to 39oC, bright-red finely papular rash all over
Diphtheria papular rash all over the body; pharynx E. Scarlet
323. the body. Pharynx and tonsils are sharply
C. Influenza and tonsils are sharply hyperemic fever
hyperemic ("flaming pharynx"), "crimson
D. Measles ("flaming pharynx"), "crimson tongue";
tongue". On the tonsils surface there are isolated
E. Scarlet fever isolated greyish necrosis focuses
greyish necrosis focuses. What disease it might
be?
A diseased child has a high fever, sore throat,
swelling of submandibular lymph nodes. A. Catarrhal
Objectively: pharyngeal mucosa is edematous, tonsillitis
tonsils enlarged with grayish membrane
moderately hyperemic, the tonsils are enlarged, B. Scarlet fever
324. tightly adherent to tissues; removing of E. Diphtheria
covered with grayish membrane tightly adhering C. Meningococcal
membrane produce bleeding defects
to the tissues above. Attempts to remove the disease D. Measles
membrane produce the bleeding defects. What E. Diphtheria
disease are these presentations typical for?
Autopsy of a Middle-Eastern woman, who had
A. AIDS
been suffering from wasting fever for a long time, fever for a long time; enlarged blackened
B. Epidemic typhus
revealed enlarged blackened liver and spleen. liver and spleen; bone marrow
325. C. Sepsis E. Malaria
Bone marrow was hyperplastic and black- colored hyperplastic and black; cerebral cortex
D. Hepatitis
as well. Cerebral cortex was smoky grey. What was smoky grey
E. Malaria
disease is it characteristic of?
A child is 7 years old. The following presentations
have developed: sharp pain during swallowing, A. Meningococcal sharp pain during swallowing, swollen
o
swollen neck, body temperature rise up to 39 C, nasopharyngitis B. neck, temperature; bright-red finely
bright and red finely papular rash all over the Diphtheria papular rash all over the body; pharynx E. Scarlet
326.
body. Pharynx and tonsils are sharply hyperemic C. Influenza and tonsils are sharply hyperemic fever
("flaming pharynx"), "crimson tongue". On the D. Measles ("flaming pharynx"), "crimson tongue";
tonsils surface there are isolated grayish necrosis E. Scarlet fever isolated greyish necrosis focuses
focuses. What disease it might be?
 A 9-year-old boy has acute onset of disease: sore
sharp pain during swallowing, swollen
throat, body temperature rise up to 39oC; on the A. Measles
neck, temperature; bright-red finely
second day diffuse skin rash was detected all over B. Diphtheria
papular rash all over the body; pharynx E. Scarlet
327. his skin except for nasolabial triangle. On C. Influenza
and tonsils are sharply hyperemic fever
examination of oral cavity: crimson tongue, D. Meningococcemia
("flaming pharynx"), "crimson tongue";
"flaming pharynx", necrotic tonsillitis. What E. Scarlet fever
isolated greyish necrosis focuses
diagnosis is the most likely?
A. Tuberculous
meningitis
During autopsy the following has been revealed:
B. Grippal
the meninges of the upper cerebral hemispheres
meningitis meninges extremely plethoric with E.
are extremely plethoric, of yellow-green color and
328. C. Anthrax-induced yellow-green color and are soaked with Meningococca
are soaked with purulent effluent. What kind of
D. Epidemic purulent effluent l meningitis
meningitis is characterized by such clinical
typhusinduced
presentations?
E. Meningococcal
meningitis
A 10-year-old child has painful swallowing, neck
A. Meningococcal
edema, temperature rise up to 39,0oC, the whole painful swallowing, neck edema,
nasopharyngitis
body is covered with bright-red petechial rash. temperature; whole body with bright-red
B. Diphtheria E. Scarlet
329. Back of the throat and tonsils are hyperemic, the petechial rash; throat and tonsils are
C. Influenza fever
tongue is crimson colored. Tonsillar surface is hyperemic; tongue crimson; tonsils with
D. Measles
covered with isolated grayish- colored necrosis isolated grayish- colored necrosis nidi
E. Scarlet fever
nidi. What disease is it?
 On the 24th day since the onset of disease, a male
patient diagnosed with typhoid fever and
undergoing treatment in an infectious diseases
hospital has suddenly developed clinical A. Medullary swelling
B. Necrosis typhoid fever; acute abdomen; numerous
presentations of acute abdomen leading to the
ulcers on colon mucosa to deep as
death of the patient. During autopsy peritonitis has
330. muscular and serous tunic; ulcers with E. Clean ulcer
been revealed, with numerous ulcers covering the C. Dirty ulcer
smooth edges and even floor; intestines
colon mucosa and reaching as deep as muscular D. Regeneration
perforated
and, in places, serous tunic. The ulcers have E. Clean ulcer
smooth edges and even floor. The intestinal wall
is perforated. What stage of typhoid fever has the
lethal complication arisen at?

A diseased child has a high fever, sore throat,

swelling of submandibular lymph nodes. A. Catarrhal
high fever, sore throat, swelling of
Objectively: pharyngeal mucosa is edematous, tonsillitis
submandibular lymph nodes; pharynx
moderately hyperemic, the tonsils are enlarged, B. Scarlet fever
331. hyperemic, tonsils enlarged with grayish E. Diphtheria
covered with grayish membrane tightly adhering C. Meningococcal
membrane tightly adherent to tissues;
to the tissues above. Attempts to remove the disease D. Measles
removing it produce bleeding defects
membrane produce the bleeding defects. What E. Diphtheria
disease are these presentations typical for?
Autopsy of a 1,5-year-old child revealed
A. Scarlet fever
hemorrhagic skin rash, moderate hyperaemia and
B. Diphtheria hemorrhagic skin rash, hyperaemia and
edema of nasopharyngeal mucous membrane,
C. Measles edema of nasopharyngeum; hemorrhages E.
small hemorrhages in the mucous membranes and
332. D. Epidemic in mucous, internal organs, adrenal Meningococca
internal organs; dramatic dystrophic alterations in
typhus E. glands; dystrophy in liver and l infection
liver and myocardium; acute necrotic nephrosis;
Meningococcal myocardium; acute necrotic nephrosis
massive hemorrhages in the adrenal glands. What
infection
disease are these alterations the most typical for?
 A patient consulted a doctor about the intensive
A. Dermatotropic
skin itch, especially between fingers, in axillary
leishmaniosis B. skin itch, especially between fingers, in
creases, in the inferior part of belly. During the
Demodicosis axillary creases, in the inferior part of
333. skin examination there were found twisting E. Scabies
C. Pediculosis belly; twisting whitish tracts with
whitish tracts with speckles at the end of them.
D. Miasis speckles at end of them
What disease are these clinical presentations
E. Scabies
typical for?
Autopsy of an 8 year old boy who was ill with A. Septic
pharyngeal and tonsillar diphtheria and died one B. Granulomatous
week after illness begin revealed myocardial C. Focal-intermediate, diphtheria; myocardium with small-focal
334. E. Alterative
changes in form of small-focal myocardiocyte exudative myocardiocyte necrosis
necroses, stroma edema with slight lymphocytic D. Interstitional
infiltration. What type of myocarditis is it: E. Alterative

A 7 year old child was taken to the infectious

disease hospital with complaints of acute pain
during swallowing, temperature rise up to 39oC, A. Purulent
mucous membrane with whitish-
neck edem. Objective signs: tonsills are enlarged, B. Crupous
yellowish films that are closely adjacent
335. their mucous membrane is plethoric and covered C. Serous E. Diphteritic
to mucosa; removal of these films leads to
with a big number of whitish- yellowish films that D. Hemorrhagic
bleeding defect
are closely adjacent to the mucous membran. E. Diphteritic
After removal of these films the deep bleeding
defect remains. What type of inflammation is it?
 A. Tuberculous
meningitis B.
On autopsy it is revealed: soft arachnoid Influenza
membrane of the upper parts of cerebral meningitis arachnoid membrane plethoric with
E.
hemisphere is plethoric, it is of yellowish-green C. Meningitis at yellowish-green color, soaked with
336. Meningococca
color, soaked with purulent and fibrose exudate, it anthrax purulent and fibrose exudate, it lookes
D. Meningitis at l meningitis
lookes like cap. For what disease is it like cap
characteristical picture typhus
E. Meningococcal
meningitis
A 4 year old child complained of pain during
deglutition, indisposition. Objectively: palatine A. Dystrophy
arches and tonsils are moderately edematic and B. Necrosis
mucosa edematic and hyperemic with E.
337. hyperemic, there are greyish-white films up to 1 C. Metaplasia
greyish-white films Inflammation
mm thick closely adhering to the subjacent D. Organization
tissues. What pathological process are these E. Inflammation
changes typical for?

A boy is 6 y.o. Objectively: against the

background of hyperemic skin there is knobby
A. Rubella
bright- pink rash on his forehead, neck, at the hyperemic skin; knobby bright- pink rash;
B. Whooping
bottom of abdomen, in the popliteal spaces; nasolabial triangle is pale;
cough
nasolabial triangle is pale. Examination of oropharyngeal bright-red hyperemia; E. Scarlet
338. C. Diphtheria D.
oropharyngeal surface revealed localized brightred tonsils are swollen, soft, lacunas contain fever
Infectious
hyperemia; tonsils are swollen, soft, lacunas pus, tongue is crimson, lymph nodes are
mononucleosis E.
contain pus, tongue is crimson. Cervical lymph enlarged, dense and painful
Scarlet fever
nodes are enlarged, dense and painful. What is the
most probable diagnosis?
 A man died 7 days after the beginning of the
disease. He was diagnosed with dysentery. At the
A. Catarrhal
autopsy it was found out a thickened wall of the
B. Ulcerative fibrinous membrane; deep necrosis of
sigma and rectum, fibrinous membrane on the E.
339. C. Chronic mucous membrane with infiltration of
surface of mucous membrane. Histologically: Diphtheritic
D. Gangrenous necrotic masses with fibrin
there is a deep necrosis of mucous membrane with
E. Diphtheritic
infiltration of necrotic masses with fibrin. What
kind of colitis does correspond to the changes?
A 6,5-year-old girl fell ill with diphtheria and
three days later died of asphyxia resulting from
A. Serous
membranous croup. On autopsy, the mucous diphtheria; asphyxia resulting from
B. Haemorrhagic
membranes of the larynx, trachea and bronchi membranous croup; mucosa thickened,
340. C. Diphtheritic E. Catarrhal
were thickened, oedematous and covered with oedematous and covered with greyish
D. Croupous
greyish films which were easily separated. What films which were easily separated
E. Catarrhal
kind of inflammation did the morphological
changes in the larynx indicate?

A. Hereditary
insufficiency of
the peripheral
An autopsy of a 17-year-old female, who died lymphoid tissue
from puerperal sepsis, revealed an enlarged B. Immediate
plethoric spleen whose section gave an abundant hypersensitivity puerperal sepsis; enlarged plethoric
scrape. Microscopically, hyperplasia and a reaction C. spleen with abundant scrape at section; E. Antigenic
341. plasmacytic infiltration of both the red pulp and Delayed hyperplasia and a plasmacytic infiltration stimulation of
splenic follicles were found out; the red pulp was hypersensitivity of red pulp and splenic follicles; red pulp the organism
rich in macrophages. Which of the reaction is rich in macrophages
immunopathological mechanisms most probably D. Autoimmunization
lay in the basis of the changes in the spleen? E. Antigenic
stimulation of the
organism
 A. Acute
glomerulonephritis,
proliferative form B.
A male patient, who one month ago had Subacute
streptococcal tonsillitis, develops increased glomerulonephritis
E. Acute
pressure, oliguria, oedemata on his face. C. Acute streptococcal tonsillitis; enlarged and
glomerulonep
Microscopically, a renal biopsy reveals enlarged glomerulonephritis, plethoric glomeruli; capillaries and
342. exudative- hritis,
and plethoric glomeruli whose capillaries and mesangium are diffusely infiltrated by
proliferative form D. exudative
mesangium are diffusely infiltrated by neutrophils
Chronic form
neutrophils. Which of the diagnoses is the most
probable? glomerulonephritis
E. Acute
glomerulonephritis,
exudative form

An autopsy of a male, who died from renal

A. Acute
insufficiency, revealed that his kidneys were
glomerulonephritis
enlarged and flaccid, their cortical layer was
B. Lipoid kidneys enlarged and flaccid; cortical
yellow-grey and had some red specks. On
nephrosis C. Chronic layer was yellow-grey and had some red E. Subacute
microscopic examination of a biopsy it was found
343. glomerulonephritis D. specks; glomerular capsules formed glomerulonep
that the epithelium in the glomerular capsules
Amyloid shrunk “crescents”; capillary loops necrotized hritis
proliferated with formation of “crescents”, the
kidneys E. and contain fibrin thrombi
capillary loops were necrotized and contained
Subacute
fibrin thrombi in their lumens. Which of the
glomerulonephritis
diagnoses listed below was the most probable?
 An autopsy of a 45-year-old male, who died from
renal insufficiency, revealed that the kidneys were A. Chronic
reduced in size, dense, waxy and had a great glomerulonephritis B.
number of retractions on their surface. Subacute
renal insufficiency; kidneys reduced,
Microscopically, many glomeruli were substituted glomerulonephritis E. Amyloid
dense, waxy, retractions on surface;
344. for some Congo red-positive substance, while in C. Lipoid nephrosis shrunk
Congo red-positive substance in all
others this substance was present in the basal D. Acute kidneys
kidneys components
membranes of the capillaries, in the mesangium, glomerulonephritis E.
as well as in the walls of the arteries and the Amyloid shrunk
stroma. Which of the diagnoses listed below was kidneys
the most probable?
A 60-year-old male patient was suffering from A. Primary
chronic tibial osteomyelitis during 10 years. Three amyloidosis
years ago he developed the nephrotic syndrome. B. Senile
His death was caused by uraemia. On autopsy, the amyloidosis long period of chronic osteomyelitis;
E. Secondary
345. kidneys were moderately reduced in size, white, C. Periodic disease nephrotic syndrome; kidneys moderately
amyloidosis
dense and had some cicatrices in their cortical D. Acute reduced in size, white, dense
layer. Indicate the renal pathology which glomerulonephritis E.
developed. Secondary
amyloidosis

A 23-year-old male patient acutely fell ill after

supercooling. An increased blood pressure, A. Chronic
haematuria and oedemata on his face were glomerulonephritis B.
kidneys enlarged, flaccid; cortical layer
observed. The treatment was not effective. Six Acute
yellow-grey, dim, with some red specks,
months later he died from uraemia. On autopsy, glomerulonephritis
broad, oedematous and well delimited E. Subacute
the kidneys were enlarged, flaccid, their cortical C. Acute
346. from the dark red medullary substance; glomerulonep
layer was yellow-grey, dim, with some red specks, pyelonephritis
proliferation of the epithelium, glomeruli, hritis
broad, oedematous and well delimited from the D. Amyloid shrunk
podocytes and macrophages with
dark red medullary substance. Microscopically, kidneys E.
formation of “crescents”
there was proliferation of the epithelium of the Subacute
glomeruli, podocytes and macrophages with glomerulonephritis
formation of “crescents”. Make a diagnosis.
 In a 52-year-old female patient, whose case
history had arterial hypertension, phenomena of A. Chronic mesangial
uraemia and oedemata of her face began to proliferative B.
develop during the past year. A renal biopsy Subacute history had arterial hypertension; diffuse
revealed a diffuse affection of all the studied extracapillary affection of glomeruli with focal and total E. Chronic
347.
glomeruli, whose main part had signs of focal and C. Acute intracapillary fibroplastic
total sclerosis and hyalinosis, and only in solitary D. Chronic mesangial
sclerosis and hyalinosis
intact glomeruli there was dilation of the capillary
mesangium with proliferation of the mesangial E. Chronic fibroplastic
cells. Diagnose the kind of glomerulonephritis.
An autopsy of a 62-year-old male patient revealed A. Cushing’s
that his skin was grey-sallow with microfocal B. Acute renal
skin grey-sallow with microfocal
haemorrhages, his face was as if covered with failure C. Chronic
haemorrhages; some whitish powder on E. Chronic
some whitish powder, the patient had fibrinous- cardiac insufficiency
348. face; fibrinous-haemorrhagic laryngitis, renal
haemorrhagic laryngitis, tracheitis, fibrinous D. Chronic hepatic
tracheitis, fibrinous pericarditis, gastritis, insufficiency
pericarditis, gastritis, enterocolitis. What insufficiency E.
enterocolitis
syndrome is characterized by this complex of Chronic renal
morphological changes? insufficiency

An autopsy of a male patient, who suffered from

A. Secondary shrunk
hypertensive disease and died of an intracerebral
B. Pyelonephritic hypertensive disease; small dense kidneys
haemorrhage, revealed small dense kidneys with a E. Primary
349. C. Amyloid shrunk with fine-grained surface; parenchyma
fine-grained surface, the parenchyma and cortical shrunk
D. Nephritic and cortical substance were atrophic
substance were atrophic. Indicate the kind of
E. Primary shrunk
changes in the kidneys.
 A. Acute
glomerulonephritis
A 30-year-old male patient was hospitalized
B. Lupus
complaining of a headache and faints. During the
erythematosus
previous year, high indices of blood pressure were
glomerulonephritis E. Subacute
observed. A renal biopsy revealed an extracapillary proliferation of the
350. C. Membranous glomerulonep
extracapillary proliferation of the epithelium of epithelium with formation of “crescents”
nephropathy D. hritis
the glomerular capsule with formation of
Chronic
“crescents”. What disease is characterized by such
glomerulonephritis
signs?
E. Subacute
glomerulonephritis
A 63-year-old male patient, who was suffering
from infectious polyarthritis for a long period of A. Chronic
time, died under the phenomena of renal glomerulonephritis
long period infectious polyarthritis;
insufficiency. Macroscopically, his kidneys were B. Nephrosclerosis
kidneys significantly enlarged, dense and
significantly enlarged, dense and waxy. A C. Nephrotic E. Amyloid
waxy; sclerosis of the intermedial region
351. histological examination of the kidneys revealed syndrome D. shrunk
and malpighian pyramids; much
sclerosis of the intermedial region and malpighian Chronic kidneys
congophilic substance in stroma of
pyramids, a large number of lipids and much pyelonephritis
tubules
congophilic substance in the stroma of the tubules. E. Amyloid shrunk
What pathological process complicated the course kidneys
of infectious polyarthritis?

A. Subacute
Soon after she had acute pharyngitis, a 3-year-old
glomerulonephritis
girl developed diffuse oedemata (anasarca),
B. Acute
massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia and
glomerulonephritis
hyperlipidaemia which were controlled by E. Lipoid
352. C. Focal segmental absence of small processes of podocytes
corticosteroid preparations. An electron nephrosis
glomerulosclerosis
microscopy of a renal biopsy revealed absence of
D. Membranous
small processes of the podocytes. What was the
nephropathy E.
most probable diagnosis?
Lipoid nephrosis
 Fourteen days following angina, a 15-year-old A. Lipoid nephrosis B.
child developed oedemata on the face and an Acute pyelonephritis
face oedemata; increased blood pressure;
increased blood pressure, the urine resembled C. Necrotic nephrosis
urine - “broth slops”; deposition of E. Acute
“broth slops”. An immunohistological D. Subacute
353. immune complexes on the basal glomerulonep
examination of a renal biopsy revealed deposition glomerulonephritis E.
membranes of the tubules and in the hritis
of immune complexes on the basal membranes of Acute
the tubules and in the glomerular mesangium. glomerular mesangium
glomerulonephritis
What disease developed in the patient?
A. Chronic
A microscopic examination of a renal biopsy
glomerulonephritis B.
revealed proliferation of the nephrothelium of the
Chronic
Bowman’s capsule, podocytes and macrophages pyelonephritis Bowman’s capsule nephrothelium
with formation of “crescent” structures which C. Tubulointerstitial proliferation; podocytes and macrophages E. Subacute
354. squeezed the glomeruli. The glomerular nephritis with formation of “crescent” structures glomerulonep
capillaries were characterized by necrosis, some D. Acute which squeezed the glomeruli; necrosis, hritis
of them by sclerosis or hyalinization. An oedema glomerulonephritis E. sclerosis and hyalinization
and a lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the renal Subacute
stroma were observed. Name the renal pathology. glomerulonephritis

On macroscopic examination, the kidneys are A. Chronic

enlarged and motley because of alternation of glomerulonephritis
kidneys enlarged and motley; alternation
light areas with foci of petechial haemorrhages, B. Necronephrosis
C. Acute of light areas with petechial
their surface is smooth. Microscopically, some E. Lupus
haemorrhages, surface is smooth;
355. vascular loops of the glomeruli were in the state of glomerulonephritis erythematosus
D. Lipoid nephrosis glomeruli with fibrinoid necrosis, basal
fibrinoid necrosis, the basal membranes of the nephritis
membranes formed “wire loops”, hyaline
capillaries were thickened and appeared like “wire E. Lupus
thrombi
loops”, the lumens of some capillaries contained erythematosus
hyaline thrombi. Make a diagnosis. nephritis
 A 12-year-old boy, who had had streptococcal A. Chronic
tonsillitis before, developed oliguria, an increased mesangial
blood pressure and oedemata in the facial region. proliferative streptococcal tonsillitis; diffuse affection
A renal biopsy revealed diffuse affection of all the B. Chronic of glomeruli: hyperaemia, solitary fibrin
E. Acute
356. glomeruli studied: hyperaemia, solitary fibrin mesangial capillary C. microthrombi in capillaries, dilation of the
exudative
microthrombi in the lumens of the capillaries, Chronic fibroplastic mesangium and its infiltration by
dilation of the mesangium and its infiltration by D. Subacute segmented leukocytes
segmented leukocytes. Indicate the kind of extracapillary E.
glomerulonephritis. Acute exudative
A 29-year-old male was admitted to a
nephrological department complaining of
oedemata, headache, vomiting and nausea. His A. Amyloid
uraemia; kidneys significantly reduced in
death was caused by uraemia. On autopsy, his shrunk kidneys B.
size and dense, their capsule was removed
kidneys were significantly reduced in size and Chronic
with difficulty exposing a fine-grained
dense, their capsule was removed with difficulty pyelonephritis E. Chronic
surface, the cortical layer was thinned on
357. exposing a fine-grained surface, the cortical layer C. Necrotic nephrosis glomerulonep
section; most glomeruli were scleroid;
was thinned on section. A microscopic D. Fulminating hritis
some characterized by dilation of the
examination of a renal biopsy revealed that most glomerulonephritis E.
mesangium and proliferation of the
of the glomeruli were scleroid, some of them were Chronic
mesangial cells
characterized by dilation of the mesangium and glomerulonephritis
proliferation of the mesangial cells. What disease
should be suspected?
 On autopsy of a male, who suffered from
hypertensive disease during his lifetime, the
kidneys were reduced in size and dense, their
A. Amyloid shrunk
capsule was removed with difficulty, and the
kidneys kidneys were reduced in size and dense,
surface was fine-grained. On section, there was an
B. Secondary their capsule was removed with difficulty,
atrophy of the renal parenchyma, particularly that
shrunk kidneys and the surface was fine-grained; atrophy
of the cortical layer, the blood vessels were in the E. Primary
C. Fulminating of parenchyma, particularly in cortical
358. form of thick tubules which did not collapse. A shrunk
glomerulonephritis D. layer, the blood vessels were in form of
histological examination revealed hyalinosis and Chronic kidneys
thick tubules; hyalinosis and sclerosis of
sclerosis of small arteries, hyalinosis and sclerosis glomerulonephritis E.
small arteries and glomeruli; connective
of the larger part of the glomeruli, a reduced Primary shrunk tissue proliferation
number of tubules, a vegetation of the connective kidneys
tissue in the stroma. Some glomeruli were
characterized by compensatory hypertrophy and
their tubules were dilated. What is your diagnosis?
On autopsy of a 32-year-old female, who died
from renal insufficiency, it was found that the A. Acute
kidneys were enlarged and flaccid, their capsule productive kidneys enlarged and flaccid; capsule
was easily removed exposing a motley surface. glomerulonephritis easily removed exposing a motley
On section, the cortical layer was oedematous and B. Acute surface; cortical layer edematous and
definitely delimited from the medullary one. A tubulopathy C. Acute definitely delimited; expressed plethora of E. Acute
histological examination revealed an expressed tubulointerstitial vessels, enlarged and oedematous haemorrhagic
359.
plethora of vessels, enlarged and oedematous nephritis glomeruli, with clusters of erythrocytes glomerulonep
glomeruli, with clusters of erythrocytes and D. Acute fibrinous and accumulation of some serous fluid in hritis
accumulation of some serous fluid in the lumen of glomerulonephritis the lumen of the Bowman’s capsule;
the Bowman’s capsule. Some vascular loops of E. Acute expressed peritubular and periglomerular
the glomeruli were necrotized. An expressed haemorrhagic lymphoidocytic infiltration
peritubular and periglomerular lymphoidocytic glomerulonephritis
infiltration was observed. What is your diagnosis?
 An autopsy of a 70-year-old female, who died
from renal insufficiency, revealed dense kidneys
which were reduced in size (each weighing 90 g). A. Atherosclerotic
Their fibrous capsule was removed with nephrosclerosis B.
difficulty, exposing a rough-grained surface; on Chronic renal insufficiency; dense reduced
section, the cortical substance was thinned, the glomerulonephritis C. kidneys; capsule difficulty removed;
E. Subacute
tissue was dim. Histologically, some glomeruli Acute cortex thinned, tissue are dim;
360. glomerulonep
developed a proliferation of the epithelium in the glomerulonephritis proliferation of epithelium in the
hritis
Bowman’s capsule with crescent formations, D. Arterial Bowman’s capsule with crescent
while other glomeruli were characterized by nephrosclerosis E. formations; hyalinization
hyalinization. The stroma contained some Subacute
lymphoid infiltrates, the vascular walls were glomerulonephritis
thickened, their lumens were narrowed. What is
your diagnosis?
On autopsy of a female, who was suffering from A. Chronic
bronchiectatic disease during 15 years and died of glomerulonephritis B.
renal insufficiency, it was found that the kidneys Subacute
were reduced in size, dense and “sebaceous” by glomerulonephritis C. bronchiectatic disease during 15 years;
appearance, their surface was fine-grained. Chronic renal insufficiency; kidneys were reduced
E. Amyloid
Microscopically, the glomeruli were atrophied and in size, dense and “sebaceous”, surface
361. shrunk
substituted for a connective tissue. There was tubulointerstitial was fine-grained; accumulation of
kidneys
accumulation of congophilic masses under the nephritis congophilic masses in all kidney
intima and adventitia of the vessels, as well as in D. Malignant structures
the basal membranes of the tubules and in the nephrosclerosis E.
renal stroma. Which of the diagnoses listed below Amyloid shrunk
was the most probable? kidneys
 Urinalyses of a 44-year-old male patient, who
A. Mesangial
suffers from a chronic renal disease, demonstrate
capillary
persistent proteinuria. A microscopic examination
glomerulonephritis B. chronic renal disease; persistent
of a renal biopsy reveals some diffuse and even
Mesangial proteinuria; diffuse and even thickening
thickening of the basal membranes in the E.
proliferative of the basal membranes; formation of
glomerular capillaries with formation of their Membranous
362. glomerulonephritis C. their processes in the direction of the
processes in the direction of the podocytes (“small glomerulonep
Lipoid nephrosis D. podocytes (“small thorns”)
thorns”); the proliferation of the mesangiocytes hritis
Focal segmental
was absent or poorly expressed; there were small
glomerular sclerosis
foci of sclerosis in the cortical layer and a fatty
E. Membranous
degeneration of the epithelium of the proximal
glomerulonephritis
tubules. Make a diagnosis.
A. Mesangial
proliferative
A microscopic examination of a renal biopsy glomerulonephritis B.
expressed proliferation of the mesangial
revealed an expressed proliferation of the Membranous
cells with expulsion of their processes to
mesangial cells with expulsion of their processes glomerulonephritis C. E. Mesangial
the periphery of the capillary loops
to the periphery of the capillary loops (mesangial Mesangial capillary
363. (mesangial interposition); diffuse
interposition), a diffuse thickening and doubling glomerulonephritis D. glomerulonep
thickening and doubling of basal
of the basal membranes in the capillaries, and an Acute intracapillary hritis
membranes; accumulation of mesangial
accumulation of the mesangial matrix. Indicate glomerulonephritis E.
matrix
the diagnosis which was the most probable. Mesangial capillary
glomerulonephritis
 A 38-year-old male patient complained of
dyspnoea, a cough with production of a large
amount of sputum, an elevated body
temperature up to 38°C, and a reduced
A. Fibrinoushaemorrhagic
urination. An X-ray examination revealed
pneumonia increased amount of urea and uric acid
some focal shadow in the lungs, an increased
B. Influenza with in blood; proteinuria and casts;
amount of urea and uric acid in the blood. E. Chronic
pneumonic complications C. fibrinousnecrotic
364. The urine was characterized by its low renal
Chronic laryngotracheobronchitis, fibrinous-
specific weight, presence of proteinuria and insufficiency
glomerulonephritis D. Chronic haemorrhagic pneumonia, contracted
casts. The patient died two weeks later. On
destructive bronchitis kidneys
autopsy, fibrinous-necrotic
E. Chronic renal insufficiency
laryngotracheobronchitis, fibrinous-
haemorrhagic pneumonia and contracted
kidneys were found. Which of the diagnoses
listed below was the most probable?
An electron microscopy of a renal biopsy of a
10year-old boy with expressed oedemata and
proteinuria revealed absence of small
A. Subacute
processes of the podocytes in the glomeruli,
glomerulonephritis B. Acute absence of small processes of
the basal membranes of the capillaries were
glomerulonephritis C. podocytes; basal membranes thickened;
thickened, the mesangium was insignificantly
Membranous hyaline and granular casts; hyaline- E. Lipoid
365. dilated. The lumens of dilated proximal
glomerulonephritis D. drop, hydropic and fatty degeneration; nephrosis
tubules contained hyaline and granular casts,
Mesangial capillary a lot of lipids and lipophages in
the epithelium of the tubules had phenomena
glomerulonephritis E. Lipoid interstice
of hyaline-drop, hydropic and fatty
nephrosis
degeneration. The interstice contained a lot of
lipids and lipophages. Which of the diagnoses
listed below was the most probable?
 An autopsy of a 60-year-old female, who had
A. Lipoid
suffered from bronchiectatic disease for 15 years
nephrosis B.
and died of renal insufficiency, revealed that the
Chronic
kidneys were reduced in size, dense and bronchiectatic disease during 15 years;
pyelonephritis C.
“sebaceous” by appearance, their surface was renal insufficiency; kidneys were reduced
Chronic E. Amyloid
fine-grained. Microscopically, the glomeruli were in size, dense and “sebaceous”, surface
366. tubulointerstitial shrunk
atrophied and substituted for a connective tissue. was fine-grained; accumulation of
nephritis kidneys
There was accumulation of congophilic masses congophilic masses in all kidney
D. Postnecrotic
under the intima and adventitia of the vessels, as structures
nephrosclerosis E.
well in the basal membranes of the tubules and in
Amyloid shrunk
the renal stroma. Name the most probable
kidneys
diagnosis.
Three weeks following a severe supercooling, a
young male developed an elevated body A. Subacute
temperature, a pain in his lumbar region, glomerulonephritis B.
oedemata, proteinuria and haematuria. A renal Acute renal failure C. enlargement of glomeruli; plethora of
E. Acute
biopsy demonstrated enlargement of the Acute productive capillaries, some eosinophilic fluid, fibrin
exudative
367. glomeruli, a plethora of their capillaries, some glomerulonephritis and erythrocytes in the cavity of
glomerulonep
eosinophilic fluid, fibrin and erythrocytes in the D. Acute Bowman’s capsule; polymorphonuclear
hritis
cavity of the Bowman’s capsule, the mesangium pyelonephritis leukocytes in mesangium
was infiltrated by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. E. Acute exudative
What diagnosis was the most probable? glomerulonephritis

A. Acute
In a 25 year-old female patient with severe Poststreptococcal
edemas, hyperproteinuria, hyperlipidemia the glomerulonephritis B.
biopsy of kidney established: well-developed Crescentic well-developed thickening of glomerular
E.
thickening of the glomerular capillary wall with glomerulonephritis C. wall; electron-dense
Membranous
368. the presence of electron-dense Chronic immunoglobulincontaining deposits along
glomerulonep
immunoglobulincontaining deposits along the glomerulonephritis D. the epithelial surface of basement
Acute hritis
epithelial surface of the basement membrane. membrane
Epithelial cells lost their foot processes. Described pyelonephritis E.
changes are characteristic for… Membranous
glomerulonephritis
 A. Membranous
glomerulonephritis
A 12-year-old child has developed nephritic
B. Chronic
syndrome (proteinuria, hematuria, cylindruria)
glomerulonephritis after angina; diffuse proliferation of E. Acute
after angina of 2 weeks ago. In a biopsy of kidney
C. Acute necrotic endothelial and mesangial, epithelial cells poststreptococ
it was established: diffuse proliferation of
369. nephrosis D. in glomeruli, infiltration with leukocytes, cal
endothelial and mesangial, epithelial cells in
Crescentic both neutrophils and monocytes, glomerulonep
glomeruli, infiltration with leukocytes, both
glomerulonephritis interstitial edema hritis
neutrophils and monocytes, interstitial edema.
E. Acute
Described changes are characteristic for…
poststreptococcal
glomerulonephritis
A 55 year-old man has died after chronic
A. Hypolipidemia
glomerulonephritis, chronic renal insufficiency. In
B. Hyperlipidemia
the autopsy the pathologist has found out
C. Arterial chronic renal insufficiency; fibrinous
370. characteristic changes in kidneys for this disease, E. Uremia
hypertension pericarditis, pleuritis and bronchitis
also fibrinous pericarditis, pleuritis and bronchitis.
D. Arterial plethora
Call the cause of the fibrinous inflammation in
E. Uremia
serosal and mucosal layers.
For a long time a 49-year-old woman was
suffering from glomerulonephritis which caused
death.On autopsy it was revealed that kidneys size A. Thrombopenia
kidneys reduced in size, dence and
was 7x3x2.5 sm, weight is 65,0 g, they are dence B. Anemia
smallgrained; fibrinogenous
371. and small-grained. Microscopically: fibrinogenous C. Sepsis E. Uremia
inflammation; dystrophic changes of
inflammation of serous and mucous capsules, D. DIC-syndrome
parenchymatous organs, brain edema
dystrophic changes of parenchymatous organs, E. Uremia
brain edema. What complication can cause such
changes of serous capsules and inner organs?
 During autopsy of the body of patient suffered
with chronic glomerulonephritis the following A. Polycystic kidney
chronic glomerulonephritis; kidneys
changes have been found: the kidneys have been B. Infarction of the
diminished, densed with small grained E.
diminished in size, densed with small grained kidney
372. section surface; fibrinous inflammation of Nephroscleros
section surface; the fibrinous inflammation of C. Necrotic nephrosis
all serosal and mucosal membranes; brain is
serosal and mucosal membranes has taken place D. Pyelonephritis
edema
as edema of the brain as well. Call macroscopical E. Nephrosclerosis
changes in kidneys.
In 53 year-old patient, who has suffered by
bronchoectatic disease and hemoptysis, the edema
of face and waist have appeared. The protein (33
A. Fatty
mg/l) was found in urine. Pulmonary hemorrhage bronchoectatic disease and hemoptysis;
degeneration B.
was the cause of patient’s death. In autopsy: kidneys enlargement, dense with
Mucoid degeneration
enlargement of kidneys was found; the kidneys lardaceous surface; deposition of E.
373. C. Grainish
were dense with lardaceous surface of section. homogenous eosinophilic masses colored Amyloidosis
degeneration D.
Histologically: the deposition of homogenous with Congo red; metachromasia with
Hyalinosis
eosinophilic masses colored with Congo red and methyl-violet color
E. Amyloidosis
given of metachromasia with methyl-violet color
in glomeruli and canals were found. What
pathological process took place in the patient?
A male patient died under the phenomena of
A. Acute
azotemic uraemia. On autopsy, the kidneys were
glomerulonephritis
enlarged, swollen, plethoric, the capsule was
B. Amyloid kidneys enlarged, swollen, plethoric,
easily removed. The cavities of the pelves and
shrunk kidneys C. capsule easily removed; cavities dilated;
calyces were dilated and filled with dim urine and
Chronic dim urine and pus; mucosa dim; E. Acute
374. pus, their mucous membrane was dim, with foci of
pyelonephritis D. haemorrhages; tissue motley: yellowgrey pyelonephritis
haemorrhages. On section, the tissue was motley,
Chronic areas surrounded by plethora and
its yellow-grey areas were surrounded by the
glomerulonephritis haemorrhages
region of a plethora and haemorrhages. What
E. Acute
disease did this macroscopic appearance of the
pyelonephritis
kidneys correspond to?
 A 45-year-old male, who was treated for a cold
with large doses of paracetamol, developed
A. Acute
symptoms of oliguria and azotemia. Five days
glomerulonephritis
later he died under the phenomena of acute renal diffuse oedema of interstitial tissue of
B. Nephrotic
failure. A histological examination of his kidneys cortex with infiltration by lymphocytes, E.
syndrome C. Acute
375. revealed a diffuse oedema of the interstitial tissue eosinophils, solitary neutrophils; Tubulointersti
pyelonephritis D.
in the cortical layer of the kidneys, its infiltration destruction of the epithelial tubules; no tial nephritis
Necronephrosis E.
by lymphocytes, eosinophils, solitary neutrophils, pathology in glomeruli
Tubulointerstitial
a destruction of the epithelial tubules; there were
nephritis
almost no changes in the glomeruli. Indicate the
most probable disease.
A 42-year-old male, who was ill with a severe
form of typhoid fever, developed acute renal
failure which caused his death. On autopsy, the
kidneys were enlarged, oedematous, their fibrous A. Nephrotic severe form of typhoid fever; kidneys
capsule was easily removed; on section, the syndrome B. enlarged, oedematous, capsule easily
cortical substance was pale grey, the malpighian Acute removed; cortex pale grey, pyramids dark
E.
pyramids were dark red. A histological glomerulonephritis red; lumens of most tubules narrowed;
376. Necronephrosi
examination revealed that the lumens in the most C. Pyonephrosis epithelium enlarged and lost nuclei;
s
of the tubules were narrowed, the epithelial cells D. Acute glomeruli were collapsed; stroma oedema,
were enlarged and had no nuclei; the glomeruli pyelonephritis E. some leukocytic infiltration and small
were collapsed; the stroma was characterized by Necronephrosis haemorrhages
an oedema, some leukocytic infiltration and small
haemorrhages. Indicate the renal pathology which
caused the patient’s death.
 On autopsy of a 56-year-old female, who died
from renal insufficiency, the kidneys were
unevenly reduced in size and their surface had A. Acute
large tuberous; on section, the pelves were glomerulonephritis B. kidneys unevenly reduced in size with
dilated, their walls were thickened; the areas of a Tubulointerstitial had large tuberous surface; pelves
cicatricial tissue alternated with an intact nephritis C. Acute dilated with thickened walls; cicatricial E. Chronic
377.
parenchyma. Microscopically, there were pyelonephritis D. tissue; sclerosis and a pyelonephritis
phenomena of sclerosis and a Chronic lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in pelves,
lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in the walls of the glomerulonephritis E. calyces and in the interstice
pelves, calyces and in the interstice. Which of Chronic pyelonephritis
the diagnoses listed below was the most
probable?
In a 68-year-old male patient, a haemorrhage
A. Glomerulonecrosis B.
from his varicous veins resulted in a significant
Paraproteinaemic
blood loss. In spite of making up the blood loss,
necrosis
the postoperative period was characterized by a significant blood loss; persistent anuria; E. Necrotic
378. C. Glomerulosclerosis
persistent anuria and the patient died on the 5th “shock” kidneys nephrosis
D. Fibrinoid
day. On autopsy, the kidneys appeared like
arteriolonecrosis E.
“shock” ones. Name the morphological
Necrotic nephrosis
equivalent of acute renal failure.
A 49-year-old male patient was hospitalized for
pains in his lumbar region. A supersonic
examination revealed calculi in a sharply dilated
calculi in sharply dilated renal pelvis and
renal pelvis and calyces of the right kidney.
calyces; kidney was sharply enlarged,
Nephrectomy was made. On morphological A. Pyonephrosis
parenchyma atrophied, calyces and
examination, the kidney was sharply enlarged, its B. Pyelonephritis E.
pelves significantly dilated and filled
379. parenchyma was atrophied, the calyces and C. Glomerulonephritis Hydronephros
yellowish transparent fluid; diffuse
pelves were significantly dilated and filled with D. Chronic paranephritis is
sclerosis, glomeruli and tubules
some yellowish transparent fluid. E. Hydronephrosis
atrophied, cystic
Microscopically, there was diffuse sclerosis, the
dilations of intact tubules
glomeruli and tubules were atrophied, the intact
tubules had cystic dilations. What complication
of nephrolithiasis developed in the patient?
 An autopsy of a 55-year-old male patient, who
died from renal insufficiency, revealed enlarged
plethoric kidneys. The cavities of the pelves and
calyces were dilated and filled with turbid urine, renal insufficiency; enlarged plethoric
their mucous membrane was dim and had foci of A. Interstitial kidneys; cavities dilated with turbid urine;
haemorrhages. On histological examination, the nephritis B. Chronic mucous membrane dim; foci of E. Acute
380. pyelonephritis C.
interstitial tissue of all the renal layers was haemorrhages; infiltration by leukocytes; pyelonephritis
infiltrated by leukocytes, numerous miliary Pyonephrosis numerous miliary abscesses; desquamated
abscesses were revealed. The lumens of the D. Necronephrosis epithelium
tubules were obstructed with casts of desquamated E. Acute
epithelium. What disease resulted in development pyelonephritis
of renal insufficiency?
An autopsy of a male patient, who died from acute
renal failure, macroscopically revealed swelling of
the right kidney and tension of its fibrous capsule A. Restoration of acute renal failure; kidney swelling;
which was easily removed. Histologically, there diuresis capsule is tensed, easily removed;
were expressed dystrophic and necrotic changes in B. expressed dystrophic and necrotic
381. Shock E. Oligoanuric
the tubules of the main compartments, changes in tubules; tubulorrhexis of distal
tubulorrhexis of the distal tubules, congestion of C. tubules; congestion of ultrafiltrate in
Nephrotic glomerular capsule
the ultrafiltrate in the glomerular capsule. What D. Azotemic
stage of acute renal failure took place? E. Oligoanuric
 A. Chronic
On macroscopic examination of the kidneys in a
tubulointerstitial
male, who died from renal insufficiency, a
nephritis
pathologist found some asymmetrical asymmetrical corticomedullary cicatrices;
B. Amyloid
corticomedullary cicatrices and dilation of the shrunk kidneys C. dilation of pelvico-caliceal system;
pelvicocaliceal system. A microscopic Acute atrophic tubules; cyst-like dilations in E. Chronic
382.
examination revealed atrophic tubules which had tubulointerstitial some parts, were filled with eosinophilic pyelonephritis
cyst-like dilations in some parts, were filled with nephritis masses and resembled thyroid gland;
eosinophilic masses and resembled the thyroid D. Necronephrosis periglomerular sclerosis
gland, as well as there was periglomerular E. Chronic
sclerosis. Make a diagnosis. pyelonephritis

A. Acute
On autopsy of a male patient, who died from
pyelonephritis B.
ethylene glycol poisoning, the kidneys were
Acute
somewhat enlarged and oedematous, their capsule glomerulonephritis C. ethylene glycol poisoning; kidneys
was easily removed, the cortical substance was Acute oedematous, capsule easily removed;
E. Necrotic
383. pale grey and wide, the medullary one was dark tubulointerstitial cortex pale grey and wide, the medulla
nephrosis
red. Microscopically, there were diffuse necroses nephritis dark red; diffuse necroses of tubules with
of the tubules with ruptures of their basal D. Acute ruptures of basal membranes
membranes. What renal pathology developed in glomerulosclerosis E.
the patient? Necrotic nephrosis
A. Arteriolosclerotic
In a male patient, who died from chronic renal
nephrosclerosis B.
insufficiency against a background of a chronic
Atherosclerotic
renal disease, the kidneys are symmetrically chronic renal insufficiency; kidneys
nephrosclerosis C.
reduced in size and dense in consistency, their reduced, dense, capsule difficulty E. Secondary
Amyloid shrunk
384. capsule is removed with difficulty exposing a kidneys removed, grained surface; cortex and shrunk
grained surface. On section, the cortical and D. Pyelonephritic pyramides thin; tissue grey, dry and kidneys
medullary layers are thin, the renal tissue is grey, kidneys ischaemic
dry and ischaemic. Name the pathological process E. Secondary
in the kidneys. shrunk kidneys
 A histological examination of a 56-year-old male,
who died from chronic renal insufficiency,
chronic renal insufficiency; focal
revealed the following changes: focal sclerosis
sclerosis, lymphoplasmacytic infiltration
and a lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the A. Chronic
tubulointerstitial of interstice, pelves and calyces;
interstice, mucous membranes of the pelves and
nephritis transitional-stratified squamous
calyces, a metaplasia of the transitional
epithelium into the stratified squamous one, B. Necronephrosis metaplasia; numerous encapsulated E. Chronic
385. C. Acute abscesses; dystrophy and necrosis of
numerous encapsulated abscesses. The epithelium pyelonephritis
pyelonephritis D. tubules; lumens of some tubules dilated
of the tubules was in the state of dystrophy and
Chronic and filled with colloid contents,
necrosis. The lumens of solitary tubules were
glomerulonephritis epithelium was flattened (the tissue
dilated and filled with some colloid contents, the
E. Chronic resembled the thyroid gland); glomeruli
epithelium was flattened (the tissue resembled the
pyelonephritis focally scleroid
thyroid gland). The glomeruli were focally
scleroid. Name the pathological process.

A. Polycystic kidneys
An autopsy of a male revealed a prostatic
B. Glomerulonephritis prostatic adenoma; large kidneys with E.
adenoma and large kidneys with sharply enlarged
386. C. Tuberculosis sharply enlarged pelves and calyces with Hydronephros
pelves and calyces filled with some transparent
D. Pyelonephritis transparent fluid is
fluid. Name the process in the kidneys.
E. Hydronephrosis
A.
An autopsy of a male, who died from chronic
Hydroureteronephrosi
renal insufficiency, enlarged kidneys with large chronic renal insufficiency, enlarged
s
tuberous on their surface were found. On section, kidneys with large tuberous surface; E. Polycystic
387. B. Hydronephrosis
the kidneys revealed numerous smooth-walled numerous smooth-walled cysts with kidneys
C. Pyonephrosis
cysts filled with some transparent fluid. Name the transparent fluid
D. Hydrocalycosis
pathological process in the kidneys.
E. Polycystic kidneys
 On autopsy of a male, who died from burn
disease, enlarged swollen kidneys were revealed; A. Acute
their fibrous capsule was easily removed and pyelonephritis B. burn disease; enlarged swollen kidneys;
tense. On section, the cortical layer was pale grey, Acute capsule was easily removed and tense;
wide and sharply delimited from the dark red tubulointerstitial cortex pale grey, wide, sharply delimited
E. Acute
388. medullary one. Microscopically, there was nephritis C. Chronic from dark red medullary one; tubules
tubulopathy
necrosis of the renal tubules, in some places with tubulopathy D. necrosis; destruction of basal membranes;
a destruction of the basal membranes, an oedema Chronic oedema of interstice with leukocytic
of the interstice, a leukocytic infiltration and pyelonephritis E. infiltration and haemorrhages
haemorrhages. Which of the diagnoses listed Acute tubulopathy
below was the most probable?

An autopsy of a male, who died from renal

insufficiency, revealed enlarged kidneys with a
tense fibrinous capsule which was easily removed.
The cortical layer was pale grey, the malpighian A. Acute
renal insufficiency; enlarged kidneys;
pyramids were dark red; there were microfocal glomerulonephritis tense capsule easily removed; cortex pale
haemorrhages in the intermediary area of the B. grey, pyramids dark red; microfocal
kidneys and in the renal pelves. A histological Necronephrosis, haemorrhages; dystrophy and necrosis in E.
examination revealed dystrophy and necrosis in the shock stage C. epithelium of convoluted tubules, basal Necronephrosi
the epithelium of the convoluted tubules, in some Acute membranes destruction mostly in distal
389. s, the
places with a destruction of the basal membranes pyelonephritis tubules (tubulorrhexis); casts in lumens of oligoanuric
mostly in the distal tubules (tubulorrhexis), there D. Necronephrosis,
stage
were casts in the lumens of the tubules at different the stage of restoration
of diuresis tubules; leukocytic infiltration and
levels of the nephrones, an oedema of the
interstice with its leukocytic infiltration and E. Necronephrosis, haemorrhages; lumens of glomerular
haemorrhages. The lumens of the glomerular the oligoanuric stage capsules accumulated ultrafiltrate
capsules had an accumulation of the ultrafiltrate.
Which of the diagnoses listed below was the most
probable?
 An autopsy of a 55-year-old female, who died
from uraemia, revealed that her kidneys were
A. Diabetic
unevenly reduced in size, had a dense consistency,
nephrosclerosis B.
large tubera on their surface and whitish cicatrices kidneys reduced, dense consistency; large
Acute
in the cortical layer. On section, the renal pelves tubera on their surface; whitish cicatrices
glomerulonephritis
were dilated, their mucous membrane was whitish in cortex; pelves dilated, mucosa whitish, E.
C. Primary shrunk
390. and thickened. Microscopically, the renal thickened; focal inflammation; atrophy Pyelonephritic
kidneys
interstice was characterized by a focal and sclerosis; tubules dilated with hyaline kidneys
D. Amyloid shrunk
inflammation, an atrophy and sclerosis of the casts in lumens; arteries and veins were
kidneys
renal tissue; the tubules were dilated and had scleroid
E. Pyelonephritic
hyaline casts in their lumens. The arteries and
kidneys
veins were scleroid. Which of the pathological
processes in the kidneys was the most probable?

An autopsy of a male with a syndrome of

A. Acute
prolonged compression revealed enlarged swollen
pyelonephritis B. syndrome of prolonged compression;
kidneys whose fibrous capsule was easily
Acute enlarged swollen kidneys; capsule easily
removed exposing a pale grey cortical layer
glomerulonephritis removed; pale grey cortical layer sharply
sharply delimited from dark red malpighian
C. delimited from dark red pyramids;
pyramids. Histologically, there was necrosis in the E. Acute renal
391. Tubulointerstitial necrosis in epithelium of tubules with
epithelium of the tubules with phenomena of failure
nephritis tubulorrhexis; obstruction of tubules with
tubulorrhexis, an obstruction of the tubules with
D. Haemolytic detritus and crystals of myoglobin;
detritus and crystals of myoglobin, an oedema of
kidneys oedema and infiltration by heterophilic
the interstice and its infiltration by heterophilic
E. Acute renal leukocytes
leukocytes. Which of the diagnoses was the most
failure
probable?
 On autopsy of a female, who died from uraemia, it
was found that her kidneys differed in size and
their surface had large tubera; there were dense A. Chronic
adhesions between the renal surface and capsule. glomerulonephritis kidneys with large tubera surface; dense
Microscopically, the renal tissue had foci of the B. Acute adhesions between renal surface and
following changes: numerous encapsulated pyelonephritis C. capsule; numerous encapsulated
abscesses, an expressed lymphohistiocytic Acute abscesses; expressed lymphohistiocytic E. Chronic
392.
infiltration of the interstice and a vegetation of the glomerulonephritis infiltration; many connective tissue; pyelonephritis
connective tissue. The mucous membrane of the D. Tubulointerstitial metaplasia of epithelium; tubules partly
pelves had foci of metaplasia of the transitional nephritis E. atrophied, partly stretched and filled with
epithelium into the stratified one. The tubules Chronic some colloid-like contents
were partly atrophied, partly stretched and filled pyelonephritis
with some colloid-like contents. Which of the
diagnoses listed below was the most probable?
A patient suffered with urolithiasis has died as a A.
result uremia. Autopsy has showed an Replacement
enlargement of right kidney, its parenchyma has hypertrophy B. urolithiasis; enlargement of kidney;
E.
been thinned; the pelvis and calices have been Hyperplasia C. parenchyma thinned; pelvis and calices
393. Hydronephros
extended, filled with fluid. In the orifice of ureter Neoplasm of extended, filled with fluid; orifice of
is
there has been a calculus. Call the pathologic kidney ureter blocked by calculus
process in the right kidney. D. Pyelonephritis
E. Hydronephrosis

A 4 year-old child has died because of an uremia. A. Necrotic nephrosis

In autopsy the pathologist has found out: the B. Pyelonephritis kidneys increased, consisted of large
394. kidneys have been increased and consisted of C. Glomerulonephritis multiple cavities with thin walls contained E. Policystosis
large multiple cavities with thin walls contained D. Infarction fluid
fluid. Call this pathological process in kidneys. E. Policystosis
 On autopsy it is revealed that kidneys are A. Infarction
enlarged, surface is large-granular because of B. Necrotic nephrosis kidneys enlarged, surface large-granular
E. Polycystic
395. multiple cavities with smooth wall, which are C. Glomerulonephritis because of multiple cavities with smooth
kidney
filled with clear fluid. What kidney disease did the D. Pyelonephritis wall, filled with clear fluid
patient have? E. Polycystic kidney
Autopsy of a man who died from burn disease
revealed brain edema, liver enlargement as well as
enlargement of kidneys with wide light-grey A. Myeloma kidney burn disease; enlargement kidneys; wide
cortical layer and plethoric medullary B. Tubulointerstitial light-grey cortical layer and plethoric
area.Microscopic examination revealed necrosis nephritis medullary area; necrosis of tubules of E. Necrotic
396.
of tubules of main segments along with C. Pyelonephritis main segments; destruction of basal nephrosis
destruction of basal membranes, intersticium D. Gouty kidney membranes, intersticium edema with
edema with leukocytic infiltration and E. Necrotic nephrosis leukocytic infiltration and haemorrhages
haemorrhages. What is the most probable
postmortem diagnosis?
A 39-year-old female with a clinical picture of
acute abdomen underwent surgical removal of an
enlarged uterine tube. On examination, the serous
A. Placental polyp
coat of the uterine tube was dark purple, the acute abdomen; serous coat of uterine
B. Choriocarcinoma
lumen contained some blood clots. A histological tube was dark purple; lumen contained E. Tubal
397. C. Haematosalpinx
examination of the wall of the tube revealed that some blood clots; decidual cells; villi of pregnancy
D. Salpingitis
the mucous membrane had layers of the decidual chorion among the blood clots
E. Tubal pregnancy
cells, and there were villi of the chorion among
the blood clots. What is the most probable
diagnosis?
 A. Atypical
hyperplasia of
A histological examination of a scrape from the endometrium
uterine cavity of a 45-year-old woman with B. Glandular
clinical manifestations of a disordered polyp of endometrium disordered ovariomenstrual cycle; number E.
ovariomenstrual cycle revealed that the number of C. Glandular of endometrial glands increased, lumens Glandulocysti
398. the endometrial glands was increased, the lumens hyperplasia of significantly dilated and rounded; c hyperplasia
in some of them were significantly dilated and endometrium D. morphological signs of the phase of of
rounded, the epithelium of the glands had Endometrial proliferation endometrium
morphological signs of the phase of proliferation. adenocarcinoma E.
What is your diagnosis? Glandulocystic
hyperplasia of
endometrium
On gynaecological examination, a red area, 0.7 cm A. Simple
in diameter, was found in the vaginal portion of endocervicosis
the uterine cervix. A histological examination of a B. Adenosis C. red area on vaginal portion of cervix;
E.
biopsy from the uterine cervix revealed that the Papillary squamous epithelium was substituted for
Proliferative
399. squamous epithelium was substituted for the endocervicosis the columnar one; accumulation and new
endocervicosi
columnar one, as well as accumulation and new D. Healing formation of glands under integumentary
s
formation of glands under the integmentary endocervicosis epithelium
epithelium were observed. What is your E. Proliferative
diagnosis? endocervicosis
Microscopically, a scrape from the uterine cavity,
A. Endometrial
taken in a 36-year-old female against a
polyp B. Endometrial
background of uterine bleeding, revealed a uterine bleeding; neoplasm which
adenocarcinoma C.
neoplasm which consisted of a large number of consisted of a large number of light E.
Simple
400. light epithelial cells of Langhans and multinuclear epithelial cells of Langhans and Choriocarcino
hydatidiform mole
symplasts, the number of figures of mitosis was multinuclear symplasts; increased number ma
D. Invasive
increased. The stroma was absent, the vascular of figures of mitosis; stroma was absent
hydatidiform mole E.
cavities were lined with the above cells. Make a
Choriocarcinoma
diagnosis of the uterine tumour.
 A. Papillary
A histological examination of the vaginal portion endocervicosis
of the uterine cervix revealed substitution of the B. Progressing
endocervicosis substitution of stratified squamous
stratified squamous epithelium for the simple E. Simple
epithelium into simple columnar one with
401. columnar one with numerous underlying glands C. Healing endocervicosi
numerous underlying glands; no any signs
without any signs of their new formation. Which endocervicosis s
D. Adenosis of new formation
of the diagnoses listed below was the most
probable? E. Simple
endocervicosis
A. Glandular
A scrape from the uterine cavity revealed in the
hyperplasia of E.
blood some particles of a neoplasm which had an
endometrium neoplasm which had an organoid structure Endometrial
organoid structure and consisted of the columnar
B. Uterine and consisted of columnar epithelial cells; polyp
epithelial cells which formed glandular structures;
402. fibroadenoma formed glandular structures; stroma
the stroma of the neoplasm was significantly
C. Endometriosis D. significantly developed; thick-walled
developed, the area of its “pedicle” had glomi of
Uterine vessels in base of “pedicle”
thick-walled vessels. Which of the tumours was
adenocarcinoma E.
the most probable?
Endometrial polyp
A. Mixed
hyperplasia of
A 34-year-old female took medical advice of a endometrium B. E. Glandular
gynaecologist complaining of a uterine Atypical hyperplasia hyperplasia of
haemorrhage for 10 days after her menses. A of endometrium large number of endometrial glands which endometrium
scrape from the uterine cavity revealed a large C. were spirally convoluted, dichotomically
number of the endometrial glands which were Glandulocystic divided and ramified in a tree-like
403.
spirally convoluted, dichotomically divided and hyperplasia of manner; hyperplastic stroma of
ramified in a tree-like manner. The stroma of the endometrium D. endometrium with great number of
endometrium was hyperplastic and had a great Remnants of predecidual cells
number of predecidual cells. Which of the abortion E.
diagnoses was the most probable? Glandular
hyperplasia of
endometrium
 A mammary gland of a 25-year-old female
A. Fibrous
revealed a slightly tender node, 3 cm in diameter;
mastopathy whitish node with round hollows;
a sectorial resection of the mammary gland was
B. Sclerosing vegetation of connective tissue with
made. Macroscopically, the node was whitish and
adenosis C. hyalinosis, atrophy of glandular lobules
had round hollows 0.1-0.3 cm in diameter. E. Fibrocystic
404. Fibroadenoma of and dilation of lumens in some places
Microscopically, there was a vegetation of the mastopathy
mammary gland D.
connective tissue with foci of hyalinosis, an
Acute mastitis E.
atrophy of the glandular lobules and dilation of
Fibrocystic
the lumens in some places. What disease are the
mastopathy
above morphological changes typical for?
Within the first stage of labour, the blood pressure
in a female elevated (220/110 mm Hg), she
developed convulsions and a loss of
A. Viral hepatitis B. within labour; sharp rise blood pressure;
consciousness. Her death resulted from a sharp
Haemorrhagic convulsions and loss of consciousness;
impairment of cerebral circulation. An autopsy
insult intracerebral haemorrhage, a pulmonary
revealed jaundice, an intracerebral haemorrhage, a
C. Necrotic oedema with microfocal haemorrhages;
405. pulmonary oedema with microfocal haemorrhages E. Eclampsia
nephrosis D. enlarged yellow liver with numerous
into the pulmonary parenchyma, an enlarged
Haemorrhagic haemorrhages; enlarged flaccid kidneys
yellow liver with numerous haemorrhages,
pneumonia E. with a swollen cortical layer; symmetrical
enlarged flaccid kidneys with a swollen cortical
Eclampsia necroses
layer, where on microscopic examination
symmetrical necroses were found. Which of the
diagnoses listed below was the most probable?
 On gynaecological examination of a 36-year-old
female, a red focus, which was 0.8 x 0.5 cm in A. Adenomatosis of
size and had uneven contours, was found in the uterine cervix B.
mucous coat of the vaginal portion of the uterine Healing
substitution of stratified squamous
cervix on its border with the mouth of the womb. endocervicosis C.
epithelium for the columnar one; E.
A microscopical examination revealed Simple
accumulation and new formation of Proliferative
406. substitution of the stratified squamous epithelium endocervicosis D.
glands from the cambial elements of the endocervicosi
for the columnar one, as well as accumulation and Dysplasia of
columnar epithelium under the s
new formation of glands from the cambial epithelium of
integumentary epithelium
elements of the columnar epithelium in the uterine cervix
cervical channel were observed under the E. Proliferative
integumentary epithelium. Which of the endocervicosis
diagnoses listed below was the most probable?
A. Atrophy of
endometrium
A woman suffered with dysfunctional B. Metaplasia
metrorrhagia was made a diagnostic abortion. of endometrium C.
Neoplasm of dysfunctional metrorrhagia; a lot of small E.
Histologically in the scrape there were a lot of
stamped glandulas with multirowed Glandularcystic
407. small stamped glandulas covered by multirowed endometrium D.
epithelium; lumens of some glandulas hyperplasia of
epithelium. The lumens of some glandulas were Hypertrophic
growth cystically extended endometrium
cystically extended. Call the variant of general
pathologic process in the endometrium. E. Glandular-cystic
hyperplasia of
endometrium
 A. Cell-atypia of an
epithelium of an
mucosal epithelium B.
Keratinization of an
epithelium E. Local
C. “Carcinomatous changes of a
In a biopsy of cervix of a 26-year-old woman the
pearls” stratified
diagnosis following was established: pseudo-
408. D. Local squamous
erosion. What microscopical changes has the
inflammation and epithelium on
pathologist revealed?
necrosis in mucosa single-layer
E. Local changes of prismatic one
a stratified squamous
epithelium on
singlelayer prismatic pseudo- erosion
one
A. Complete tubal
abortion
A 30-year-old woman had ectopic tubal B. Spontaneous
ectopic tubal pregnancy finished with a
pregnancy which finished with a location of a abortion E. Incomplete
409. location of fetus in tubal cavity with
fetus in the tubal cavity with bleeding. Call this C. Induced abortion tubal abortion
bleeding
pathology of pregnancy D. Criminal
abortion E. Incomplete
tubal abortion
A. Glandular
hyperplasia of
endometrium.
The pathologist has found out in histological
B. Adenocarcinoma
examination of a remote uterus a lot of glandular of uterus. E.
a lot of glandular formations with single
410. formations with single cysts in myometrium, C. Adenomatosis of cysts in myometrium Endometriosis
endometrium had usual structure. Described a mucosa of a uterus .
changes are characteristic for D. Leyomyosarcoma
of uterus.
E. Endometriosis.
 The body of a young woman after delivery was
taken for autopsy procedure. In autopsy, the
following features were found: enlarged
particolored dimmed liver with areas of necrosis.
A. Toxic degeneration enlarged parti-colored dimmed liver with
Microscopically the following signs were found
of the liver B. Viral areas of necrosis; hemorrhages,
in the liver: hemorrhages, thrombosis of the
hepatitis C. Cerebro- thrombosis of the vessels; necrosis of
vessels, proteinous and fatty degeneration of
411. vascular disease epithelium of kidney’s canals with E. Eclampsia
hepatocytes; necrosis of epithelium of kidney’s
D. Intravascular fibrinoid necrosis; hemorrhages;
canals with fibrinoid necrosis of vessels’ walls
coagulation syndrome hemorrhages in brain, heart, lungs and
and hemorrhages in interstitial tissue; the
E. Eclampsia serous membranes
hemorrhages also can be seen in brain, heart,
lungs and serous membranes. The main cause of
death – hepatocellular insufficiency. What
diagnosis is more probable?
A. Muscle-fibrotic
During histological investigation of prostate
hyperplasia
gland, that has been resected in 72-year-old
B. Adenocarcinoma
patient with symptoms of difficult urination the old age patient; difficult urination;
C. Mixed variant of E. Glandular
412. following signs were found: enlargement of enlargement of glandular and muscle’s
prostatopathy D. hyperplasia
glandular and muscle’s elements with disturbance elements
Prostatitis E. Glandular
of glandular structure. What process is more
hyperplasia
probable?

At examination of 35-year-old woman it was

A. Endocervicosis
found out red area about 1 cm in diameter with
B. Vaginitis red area IN cervix; accumulation of
uneven edges in cervix. Microscopic examination E.
413. C. Adenomatosis numerous glands, look like uterina ones,
showed accumulation of numerous glands, look Endometriosis
D. Candidosis under epithelium layer
like uterina ones, under epithelium layer. Call
E. Endometriosis
this pathologic process.
 A.
Diagnostic scraping was performed to the woman Hypertrophic
with dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Multiple excrescence B.
dysfunctional uterine bleeding; multiple E. Glandular-
convoluted glands, ganglially dilated cavities of Metaplasia
414. convoluted glands, ganglially dilated cystic
some glands were revealed histologically in the C. Displasia
cavities of some glands hyperplasia
scrape. Name the type of general pathological D. Atrophy
process. E. Glandular-
cystic hyperplasia
A 25-year-old woman palpates a left breast
"lump" on self-examination. Her physician A. Fat necrosis E. Fibrocystic
palpates an ill-defined mass. There is no pain or B. Ductal changes
tenderness. No axillary lymphadenopathy is carcinoma in situ
young age woman; no pain, no
noted. Fine needle aspiration is performed and C. Lobular
tenderness, no axillary lymphadenopathy;
cytologic examination shows cells that appear carcinoma
415. benign cells; ductal epithelial
benign. The lesion persists, and 6 months later in situ
proliferation with apocrine metaplasia,
another biopsy is taken and shows ductal D. Intraductal
stromal fibrosis and sclerosing adenosis
epithelial proliferation with ductal apocrine papilloma
metaplasia, stromal fibrosis, and sclerosing E. Fibrocystic
adenosis. Which of the following is the most changes
likely diagnosis?
A clinical study is peformed involving subjects
who women are ranging in age from 15 to 45
A. Abscess
years who palpated breast "lumps" on
B. Fibroadenoma
selfexamination. The presence of breast mass
C. Lobular carcinoma
lesions in these subjects was subsequently
in situ E. Fibrocystic
416. confirmed by physical examination and by young age women; "lumps" in breast
D. Infiltrating changes
mammography. All subjects had a biopsy or
ductal carcinoma
excision of their lesion performed, with a
E. Fibrocystic
definitive pathologic diagnosis made. Which of
changes
the following diagnoses is likely to be the most
frequent in these subjects?
 A 19-year-old woman gave birth to a healthy male
A. Fibrocystic
infant at term following an uncomplicated
disease
pregnancy. She has now been breast feeding the
B. Fat necrosis
baby for a month, but notes that her left breast has breast feeding; breast swollen and painful E. Acute
417. C. Intraductal
gradually become swollen and painful to touch to touch; increasing temperature mastitis
papilloma D.
over the past week. On physical examination her
Galactocele
temperature is 38.2 C. Which of the following is
E. Acute mastitis
the most likely diagnosis?
A 35-year-old woman has noted a palpably firm,
irregular mass in her right breast for the past 3 A. Pregnancy
months. On physical examination there is no B. Prolactinoma
tenderness or swelling. By mammography there is C. Fibrocystic
irregular mass in breast; no tenderness or
418. an irregular 2 cm density that demonstrates changesD. Lobular E. Trauma
swelling; extensive fat necrosis
scattered microcalcifications. Biopsy of this mass carcinoma
reveals extensive fat necrosis. Which of the in situ
following is the most likely cause for this breast E. Trauma
lesion?
A 29-year-old woman has been taking oral
A. Acute mastitis
contraceptives for the past 12 years. She now has
B. Fat necrosis
a palpable "lump" in the left breast that has long time used oral contraceptives;
419. C. Hypertrophy E. Galactocele
persisted for the past 3 months. Which of the "lump" in breast
D. Cyst formation
following breast lesions is most likely to be
E. Galactocele
associated with her oral contraceptive use?
A. Infiltrating
A 20-year-old woman gives birth to a term girl ductal carcinoma
infant following an uncomplicated pregnancy. She B. Numerous
breast feeds the infant. Six weeks later, her left plasma
breast becomes painful and slightly swollen. On cells
physical examination there is a tender 3-cm mass C. Sclerosing
in the left breast beneath a nipple that shows adenosis E.
several painful fissures. Which of the following D. Fat necrosis E. breast feedibg; painful and slightly Staphylococcu
pathologic findings is most likely to be present in Staphylococcus aureus swollen; tender mass beneath nipple; s aureus
420. this breast? infection painful fissures infection
 A 30-year-old woman is claiming in a civil
lawsuit that her husband has abused her for the
past year. A workup by her physician reveals a 2
cm left breast mass. There is no
lymphadenopathy. No skin lesions are seen, other A. Physiologic
than a bruise to her upper arm. An excisional atrophy
biopsy of the breast mass is performed. On B. Lactation
microscopic examination, the biopsy shows fat C. Radiation injury
necrosis. This biopsy result is most consistent with D. Hypoxic injury domestic violence in anamnesis; no E. Breast
421. which of the following etiologies? E. Breast trauma lymphadenopathy; fat necrosis trauma
A. Glandular
A scrape from the uterine cavity revealed in the hyperplasia of
blood some particles of a neoplasm which had an endometrium B.
organoid structure and consisted of the columnar Uterine
epithelial cells which formed glandular structures; fibroadenoma
the stroma of the neoplasm was significantly C. Endometriosis D. neoplasm with columnar epithelial cells,
developed, the area of its “pedicle” had glomi of Uterine formed glandular structures; stroma E.
thick-walled vessels. Which of the tumours was adenocarcinoma E. developed; thick-walled vesselsthe in area Endometrial
422. the most probable? Endometrial polyp of its “pedicle” polyp
 On gynaecological examination of a 36-year-old
female, a red focus, which was 0.8 x 0.5 cm in
size and had uneven contours, was found in the A. Adenomatosis of
mucous coat of the vaginal portion of the uterine uterine cervix B.
cervix on its border with the mouth of the womb. Healing
A microscopical examination revealed endocervicosis C.
substitution of the stratified squamous epithelium Simple red focus on border with mouth of the
for the columnar one, as well as accumulation and endocervicosis D. womb; substitution of stratified squamous
new formation of glands from the cambial Dysplasia of epithelium for columnar one;
elements of the columnar epithelium in the epithelium of accumulation and new formation of E.
cervical channel were observed under the uterine cervix glands from the cambial elements of the Proliferative
integmentary epithelium. Which of the diagnoses E. Proliferative columnar epithelium in the cervical endocervicosi
423. listed below was the most probable? endocervicosis channel under integumentary epithelium s

A. Cell-atypia of an
epithelium of an
mucosal epithelium B.
Keratinization of an
epithelium
C. “Carcinomatous
pearls”
D. Local
inflammationand E. Local
necrosis in mucosa changes of a
E. Local changes stratified
In a biopsy of cervix of a 26-year-old woman the of a stratified squamous
diagnosis following was established: pseudo- squamous epithelium epithelium on
erosion. What microscopical changes has the on singlelayer pseudo- erosion single-layer
424. pathologist revealed? prismatic one prismatic one
 A. Hypertrophic
Diagnostic scraping was performed to the woman excrescence B.
with dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Multiple Metaplasia
convoluted glands, ganglially dilated cavities of C. Displasia
some glands were revealed histologically in the D. Atrophy dysfunctional uterine bleeding; multiple E. Glandular-
scrape. Name the type of general pathological E. Glandular- convoluted glands, ganglially dilated cystic
425. process. cystic hyperplasia cavities hyperplasia
A 55-year-old man had been suffering from A. Organization
chronic glomerulonephritis. He died from chronic B. Haemorrhagic
renal failure. Macroscopical examination revealed inflammation C.
on the surface of epicardium and pericardium Proliferative
some greyish-white villous depositions. After inflammation
their removal dilated and plethoric vessels were D. Arterial hyperemia chronic glomerulonephritis; chronic renal
uncovered. What process took place in the E. Fibrinous failure; greyish-white villous depositions; E. Fibrinous
426. pericardium? inflammation dilated and plethoric vessels inflammation

A. Peritoneal
commissures
A 39-year-old man who had been operated for the B. Fibrinous
stomach ulcer died 7 days after the surgery. serous peritonitis C.
Autopsy revealed that peritoneal leaves were dull, Fibrinous
plethoric, covered with massive yellow- greenish haemorrhagic
films, the peritoneal cavity contained for about peritonitis stomach ulcer in anamnesis; peritoneum
300 ml of thick yellow-greenish liquid. What D. Serous peritonitis dull, plethoric, covered with massive E. Fibrinous
pathologic process was revealed in the peritoneal E. Fibrinous yellow- greenish films; hick suppurative
427. cavity? suppurative peritonitis yellowgreenish liquid in peritoneal cavity peritonitis
 Preventive examination of a 55-year-old patient
revealed type II diabetes mellitus. An
endocrinologist revealed an increase in body
weight and liver enlargement. The man is non- A. Acute viral
smoker and doesn't abuse alcohol but likes to have hepatitis
a good meal. Histological examination by means B. Chronic viral
of diagnostic liver puncture revealed that the hepatitis
hepatocytes were enlarged mostly on the lobule C. Alcohol diabetes mellitus; hepatocytes enlarged
periphery, their cytoplasm had transparent hepatitis D. Portal mostly on lobule periphery; cytoplasm
vacuoles showing positive reaction with sudan III. liver cirrhosis had transparent vacuoles; positive reaction E. Fatty
428. What liver pathology was revealed? E. Fatty hepatosis with sudan III hepatosis
A. Epiphysis
Examination of a 32-year-old patient revealed B. Pancreas
disproportional skeleton size, enlargement of C. Suprarenal disproportional skeleton size, enlargement
superciliary arches, nose, lips, tongue, jaw bones, D. Thyroid of superciliary arches, nose, lips, tongue,
429. feet. What gland's function was disturbed? E. Hypophysis jaw bones, feet E. Hypophysis

A 40-year-old female patient underwent an

operation of thyroidectomy. A histological A. Hashimoto's
examination of the thyroid tissue revealed that disease
its follicles differed in size, contained some B. Ligneous
foamy colloid, the follicular epithelium was high thyroiditis C. Acute thyroidectomy; follicles differed in size,
and in some places it formed papillae. The nonsuppurative contained some foamy colloid;
stroma of the gland had clusters of lymphocytes thyroiditis D. Nodular epithelium high and it formed papillae;
which formed follicles with light centres. Make goiter stroma with lymphocytes formed E. Toxic
430. a diagnosis of the disease of the thyroid gland. E. Toxic goiter follicles with light centres goiter
 A histological examination of the thyroid gland A. Colloid goiter
revealed a significant infiltration of its tissue by B. Endemic goiter
lymphocytes, formation of lymphoid follicles, C. Diffuse toxic goiter significant infiltration by lymphocytes,
an atrophy of parenchymatous elements and a D. Parenchymatous formation of lymphoid follicles; atrophy E.
significant vegetation of the connective tissue. goiter of parenchymatous elements; vegetation Hashimoto's
431. What disease is characterized by this picture? E. Hashimoto's disease of connective tissue disease

An autopsy of a young female, who died from A.

adrenal insufficiency, revealed diffuse WaterhouseFriderichsen
hypermelanosis of the skin, hyperplasia of the syndrome B. Primary
cells in islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, the aldosteronism C.
adrenal glands were sharply reduced in size and Cushing's disease adrenal insufficiency; hypermelanosis of
their thinned cortical substance had foci of D. the skin; adrenal glands sharply reduced;
necrosis, haemorrhages and sclerosis. What is Pheochromocytoma thinned cortical substance had foci of E. Addison's
432. your diagnosis? E. Addison's disease necrosis, haemorrhages and sclerosis disease

A. Pituitary
dwarfismB.
In a young male, an abundant quantity of the B. shing's disease
somatotropic hormone and enlargement of the C. Addison's disease abundant quantity of somatotropic
nose, lips, ears, lower jaw, hands and feet were D. Adiposogenital hormone; enlargement of nose, lips, E.
433. revealed. What is your diagnosis? dystrophy E. Acromegaly ears, lower jaw, hands and feet Acromegaly

A. Multiple myeloma
In a male patient with an increased level of the B.
parathormone, a histological examination in the Osteoblastoclastoma
area of a pathological fracture of his femur C. Paget's disease increased level of parathormone;
revealed foci of a lacunar resolution of the osteoid D. Osteopetrosis pathological fracture; foci of lacunar E. Parathyroid
beams and new formation of a fibrous tissue. E. Parathyroid resolution of osteoid beams; formation of osteodystroph
434. What is your diagnosis? osteodystrophy fibrous tissue y
 A. Acute
nonsuppurative
A male patient with phenomena of thyroiditis B.
hypothyroidism died from heart failure. On Ligneous
histological examination, his thyroid gland thyroiditis C.
revealed a diffuse infiltration of the gland by Nodular goiter hypothyroidism; diffuse infiltration of
lymphocytes and plasmacytes, an atrophy of the D. Toxic goiter gland by lymphocytes and plasmacytes; E.
parenchyma and a vegetation of the connective E. Hashimoto's atrophy of parenchyma; vegetation of Hashimoto's
435. tissue. What disease was it? disease connective tissue disease
A. Cushing's
An autopsy of a 45-year-old female, who was syndrome
suffering from arterial hypertension, diabetes B. Hypertensive
mellitus and ovarian dysfunction during past 15 disease
years, revealed obesity by the upper type, a C. Addison's
pituitary basophil adenoma in the anterior lobe of disease D. arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus
the hypophysis, hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex. Adiposogenital and ovarian dysfunction ; obesity by the
Which of the diagnoses listed below was the most dystrophy upper type; pituitary basophil adenoma; E. Cushing's
436. probable? E. Cushing's disease hyperplasia of adrenal cortex disease

A. Acromegaly
A 50-year-old female took medical advice B. Babinsky-
complaining of excretion of a large amount of Frelich disease
urine and excessive thirst. On examination, her C. Simmonds
nourishment was reduced, the skin was dry, disease
density of the urine ranged from 1001 to 1010, D. Cushing's
data of an ultrasound examination and computed disease
tomography of the brain revealed a tumour in the E. Diabetes
posterior lobe of the hypophysis. Indicate the most insipidus large amount of urine; thirst; tumour in E. Diabetes
437. probable disease. posterior lobe ofhypophysis insipidus
 A 46-year-old male patient, who suffered from
bulimia, polydipsia, polyuria with glucosuria and
albuminuria, died of renal insufficiency. On
autopsy, the kidneys were reduced in size, dense
and had a fine-grained surface. The pancreas was A. Subacute
reduced and partially substituted for a fatty tissue. glomerulonephritis polydipsia, polyuria, glucosuria,
Microscopically, islets of Langerhans were fine, B. Chronic indurative albuminuria; kidneys reduced, dense with
in some places they were substituted for a pancreatitis fine-grained surface; pancreas reduced,
connective tissue, solitary ones were hypertrophic. C. Diabetes insipidus substituted for fatty tissue; islets of
The kidneys reveal intracapillary D. Chronic Langerhans in some places substituted by
glomerulosclerosis. Which of the diagnoses was glomerulonephritis connective tissue; intracapillary E. Diabetes
438. the most probable? E. Diabetes mellitus glomerulosclerosis mellitus

A 36-year-old female patient underwent resection

of the both lobes of her thyroid gland; each of
them was 5 x 6 cm in size, pink-yellow,
moderately dense and had a tuberous surface. A
microscopic examination revealed follicles of
various size, some of them were dilated like cysts
and filled with some colloid; the follicular walls A. Parenchymatous
were lined with the smoothed cuboidal goiter
epithelium; the stroma of the gland was B. Toxic goiter C. thyroid gland big, pink-yellow,
redundantly developed owing to the connective Hashimoto's disease moderately dense, tuberous surface;
tissue, there were foci of calcinosis. Which of the D. Ligneous follicles of various size, dilated; stroma
diseases listed below corresponded most to the thyroiditis E. redundantly developed owing to E. Colloid
439. changes found? Colloid goiter connective tissue; foci of calcinosis goiter
 An autopsy of a 24-year-old female (from her
case history it is known that a year before the
woman had given birth to a child) revealed a
sharp decrease of the body weight down to 38 kg, A. Nutritional
the skin was dry and thin, the weight of the dystrophy B.
internal organs was lower ed. Also, there was a Suprarenal cachexia
sharp decrease in the weight of the C. Cachexia
adenohypophysis, the latter had cicatrices; there associated with
were foci of dystrophy, necrobiosis and chronic amoebiasis sharp decrease of body weight; skin dry
hyalinosis in the diencephalon. The ovaries, D. Cachexia and thin, atrophy of internal organs and
thyroid and adrenal glands had phenomena of associated with endocrine glands; sharp decrease E.
hypotrophy, the mucous membrane of the pellagra E. adenohypophysis; foci of dystrophy, Cerebrohypop
intestines was atrophied. Which of the diagnoses Cerebrohypophysial necrobiosis and hyalinosis in the hysial
440. was the most probable? cachexia diencephalon cachexia

An autopsy of a 45-year-old female patient, who

suffered from obesity by the upper type, steroid
diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and A. Cushing's
secondary ovarian dysfunction, revealed syndrome
hypertrichosis, hirsutism, striae on the skin of the B. Adiposogenital
thighs and abdomen. The anterior lobe of the dystrophy
hypophysis contained a white-pink encapsulated C. Simmonds obesity by upper type; diabetes mellitus,
tumour, 2.5 cm in diameter (microscopically, it disease arterial hypertension, secondary ovarian
was a pituitary basophil adenoma); the adrenal D. Pituitary dysfunction; hypertrichosis, hirsutism,
glands were characterized by bilateral hyperplasia dwarfism striae on the skin; basophil adenoma of
of the fascicular layer. Which of the diagnoses E. Cushing's pituitary; bilateral hyperplasia of adrenal E. Cushing's
441. was the most probable? disease glands disease
 A 52-year-old male died from renal insufficiency. A. Arterial
On microscopic examination of his organs, the nephrosclerosis B.
pancreas revealed lipomatosis and sclerosis with Amyloid shrunk
an atrophy of islets of Langerhans, the kidneys kidneys C.
had hyalinosis of the mesangium and glomeruli Chronic pancreas lipomatosis and sclerosis,
(Kimrnelstiel-Wilson syndrome) and a glycogenic glomerulonephritis atrophy of Langerhans islets; kidneys
infiltration of the epithelium of the tubules, the D. Goodpasture's with hyalinosis of mesangium and
liver was characterized by fatty degeneration. syndrome E. glomeruli (Kimrnelstiel-Wilson E. Diabetic
Which of the diagnoses listed below was the most Diabetic syndrome); glycogenic infiltration of glomeruloscle
442. probable? glomerulosclerosis epithelium; fatty degeneration of liver rosis

An autopsy of a male, who died from chronic

renal insufficiency, revealed atherosclerosis of the
aorta and large arteries, small and dense kidneys
with a finegrained surface, an enlarged yellow-
brown and flaccid liver, the pancreas was reduced
in size. Microscopically, there was A. Arterial
atherocalcinosis of the aorta and arteries, an nephrosclerosis atherosclerosis; small and dense kidneys
atrophy of the parenchyma, sclerosis and B. Chronic with finegrained surface; enlarged yellow-
lipomatosis of the pancreas; the kidneys were pancreatitis C. brown and flaccid liver; pancreas reduced,
characterized by hyalinosis of the mesangium and Chronic atrophied parenchyma, sclerosis and
glomeruli, a glycogenic infiltration of the glomerulonephritis lipomatosis; kidneys with hyalinosis of
epithelium of the tubules, with large-drop adiposis D. Steatosis E. mesangium and glomeruli, glycogenic E. Diabetic
in the hepatocytes. What pathological process Diabetic infiltration of epithelium of tubules; nephrosclerosi
443. took place in the kidneys? nephrosclerosis largedrop adiposis in hepatocytes s
 On autopsy of a male, who died from uraemia, it
was found that the pancreas was reduced in size,
his contracted kidneys had a fine-grained surface,
the liver was enlarged, yellow and flaccid.
Microscopically, the pancreatic tissue revealed an
atrophy of the parenchyma, including islets of
Langerhans, the atrophied parenchyma was pancreas reduced; contracted kidneys
substituted for hyperplastic connective and fatty with fine-grained surface; liver enlarged,
tissues. The kidneys were characterized by A. Chronic indurative yellow and flaccid; pancreas atrophied
sclerosis and hyalinosis of the glomeruli, as well pancreatitis B. including islets of Langerhans, are
as by a glycogenic infiltration of the tubules; there Chronic substituted by hyperplastic connective
was a fatty degeneration in the liver and a glomerulonephritis C. and fat; kidneys with sclerosis and
fibrinous inflammation in the mucous coats of the Hypertensive disease hyalinosis of glomeruli; glycogenic
trachea, bronchi and stomach. What disease did D. Steatosis infiltration of tubules; fatty degenerationof E. Diabetes
444. the died person suffer from? E. Diabetes mellitus liver mellitus

An autopsy of a male revealed a tumour in the

anterior lobe of the hypophysis, enlarged adrenal
glands, a reduction of the gonads in size, a
hypertrophy of the left cardiac ventricle, the A. Diabetes
pancreas was reduced in size and thickened. mellitus B.
Histologically, there was a pituitary basophil Adiposogenital
adenoma and a hyperplasia of the cortical layer in dystrophy C.
the adrenal glands. The pancreas was Cushing's syndrome
characterized by a moderately expressed atrophy D. Simmonds disease
of the parenchyma, including islets of Langerhans. E. Cushing's disease basophil adenoma of hypophysis; E. Cushing's
445. What disease did the patient suffer from? hyperplasia of cortex of adrenal glands disease
 For a histological examination, a lobe and a part
of the isthmus of the thyroid gland were received.
The tissue of the gland was dense and tuberous,
on section it was pale brown and had grey-whitish
foci. Microscopically, against a background of an
atrophy of the follicles of the gland, there was A. Toxic goiter thyroid gland dense and tuberous, pale
some diffuse lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of B. Thyroid adenoma brown and had grey-whitish foci; atrophy
the stroma with formation of lymphoid follicles. C. Colloid goiter of gland with diffuse lymphoplasmacytic
What pathological process were these changes D. Sporadic goiter infiltration of stroma with formation of E. Allergic
446. typical for? E. Allergic thyroiditis lymphoid follicles thyroiditis
A histological examination of a thyroid gland
revealed follicles of various size and shape which
were lined with the columnar epithelium; the
latter proliferated and formed papillae of various A. Colloid goiter follicles of various size and shape with
size. The follicular lumens contained some liquid B. Nodular goiter columnar epithelium, proliferation and
and vacuolized colloid. The stroma of the gland C. Hashimoto's forming papillae; follicular lumens
was characterized by a lymphoplasmacytic disease contained some liquid and vacuolized
infiltration, in some places with formation of D. Ligneous colloid; stroma with lymphoplasmacytic
lymphatic follicles having light centres. Which of thyroiditis E. infiltration and lymphatic follicles having E. Toxic
447. the diagnoses was the most probable? Toxic goiter light centres goiter

An autopsy of a 48-year-old male, who died from

vascular collapse, revealed an increased
pigmentation of the skin, the adrenal glands were
reduced in size, the brown-yellow liver was A. Steatosis
enlarged. On histological examination, foci of B. Primary
necrosis with a tuberculous granulation tissue aldosteronism increased pigmentation of skin; adrenal
were found in the adrenal glands. The liver was C. Cushing's glands reduced; liver enlarged
characterized by phenomena of fatty syndrome brownyellow with fatty degeneration;
degeneration. D. Lipofuscinosis adrenal glands with foci of necrosis with E. Addison's
448. Which of the diagnoses was the most probable? E. Addison's disease tuberculous granulation tissue disease
 An autopsy of a 45-year-old male, who suffered
from numerous pathological fractures during his
lifetime, revealed changes in his long tubular
bones: the bones of the thigh and shin were bent,
in some places they resembled spirals, their
surface was tuberous, a section revealed an
obliterated medullary channel and a change in the
compact structure of the cortical layer by the A. Osteopetrosis B.
spongy type. Microscopically, there was a mosaic Parathyroid
type of the bone structures: against a background osteodystrophy numerous pathological fractures; bones
of a disordered thin-fibrous or lamellar structure C. Fibrous bent, surface was tuberous; obliterated
of the bone fragments there were numerous dysplasia D. medullary channel; spongy type of
cavities of sinusal resorption combined with signs Chronic compact bone; disordered thin-fibrous or
of new formation of the osseous tissue. The osteomyelitis E. lamellar structure with numerous cavities E. Deforming
arteries, which supplied the bone tissue, were Deforming of sinusal resorption combined with osteodystroph
449. dilated and convoluted. Name a diagnosis. osteodystrophy signs of osteoid formation y

An autopsy of a male, who suffered from

rightsided pneumonia in the lower lobe during his
lifetime and for a long period of time expectorated
sputum of a purulent character, revealed some
cavity with dense edges that was located in the
9th-10th segments of the lung and was filled with A. Bronchiectatic
yellowish cream-like masses. There was some disease
whitish path from the cavity to the root of the B. Pulmonary
lung. Microscopically, the cavity was separated gangrene
from the intact pulmonary tissue with a membrane C. Acute cavity with dense edges with yellowish
which consisted of a fibrous connective tissue pulmonary abscess cream-like masses; capsula of cavity from
from the outside and a granulation one from D. Chronic fibrous connective tissue outside and
inside. Which of the diagnoses was the most pneumonia granulation one from inside E. Chronic
450. probable? E. Chronic abscess abscess
 For a histological examination, a vermiform
process (appendix) was sent. Its size is increased,
the serous membrane is dim, plethoric and
covered with greyish films, the wall is thickened
and some pus is discharged from the lumen. A. Catarrhal
Microscopically, a plethora of the vessels, an B. Putrid serous membrane is dim, plethoric and
oedema of all the layers and their diffuse C. Mixed covered with greyish films; pus is
infiltration by leukocytes are observed. Name the D. Fibrinous discharged from the lumen; diffuse E.
451. kind of inflammation in the vermiform process. E. Phlegmonous infiltration by leukocytes of all layers Phlegmonous

An examination of a 7-year-old child, who was

referred to infectious department with complaints
about a sharp pain in his throat, difficult
swallowing, an elevated body temperature up to
39cc, an oedema of his neck, revealed that the sharp pain in throat, difficult swallowing,
tonsils were enlarged, their mucosa was plethoric elevated body temperature; tonsils
and covered with a large number of yellowwhitish A. Suppurative enlarged, mucosa was plethoric with a
films which were closely adjacent to the mucosa. B. Serous large number of yellow-whitish films
an attempt to remove a film results in a deep C. Croupous which were closely adjacent to the
bleeding defect. what kind of inflammation takes D. Haemorrhagic mucosa; removing film results in a deep E.
452. place? E. Diphtheritic bleeding defect Diphtheritic
A male was treated for purulent otitis. On the 9th
day of his staying at an inpatient department he
died from a brain oedema. On autopsy, the
temporal region of the left hemisphere revealed a A. Colliquative
cavity with uneven rough inner edges which was necrosis
filled with some yellowish-greenish thick dull B. Phlegmon C.
fluid. The outer wall of the cavity was represented Empyema purulent otitis; cavity with uneven rough
with the cerebral tissue. What pathological process D. Chronic abscess inner edges contains some E. Acute
453. was it? E. Acute abscess yellowishgreenish thick dull fluid abscess
 An autopsy revealed 0.5 I of some yellowish A. Suppurative
transparent fluid with small white crumble clots in B. Serous
the right pleural cavity. The parietal and visceral C. Putrid
pleurae were covered with a white crumble coat. D. Catarrhal white crumble clots; white crumble coat on
454. What kind of exudative inflammation was it? E. Croupous pleurae E. Croupous

A 6-year-old girl fell ill with diphtheria and three

days later died of asphyxia resulting from
membranous croup. On autopsy, the mucous
membranes of the larynx, trachea and bronchi A. Serous
were thickened, oedematous and covered with B. Haemorrhagic
greyish films which were easily separated. What C. Diphtheritic diphtheria, membranous croup; mucosa
kind of inflammation did the morphological D. Croupous thickened, oedematous and covered with E.
455. changes in the larynx indicate? E. Catarrhal greyish films which were easily separated Catarrhal????
An autopsy of a 77-year-old male, who died from A. Serous
dysentery, revealed some grey-yellow films which B. Catarrhal
were closely connected with the underlying C. Croupous grey-yellow films closely connected with
tissues in the colon and separated with formation D. Suppurative underlying tissues; are separated with E.
456. of ulcers. Name the kind of inflammation. E. Diphtheritic formation of ulcers Diphtheritic
A microscopic examination of the tissue dissected A. Tuberculous
from some postoperative infiltrate revealed B. Rheumatic
granulomata with giant multinucleate cells around C. Lepromatous
the suture material. What kind of granulomata did D. Mycotic granulomata with giant multinucleate E.
457. they belong to? E. Foreign-body cells around the suture material Foreignbody
An examination of a renal biopsy revealed some
mostly perivascular and periglomerular A. Productive diffuse
lymphocytic, plasmacytic and macrophagal B. Granulomatous perivascular and periglomerular
infiltration of the interstice against a background C. Exudative diffuse lymphocytic, plasmacytic and
of its sclerosis. Name the most probable kind of D. Exudative focal macrophagal infiltration of interstice; plus E. Productive
458. inflammation. E. Productive focal sclerosis focal
 A. Granulomatous
A microscopic examination of the myocardium in productive
a male, who died from cardiac decompensation, B. Alterative
revealed sclerosis of the perivascular connective C. Exudative
tissue and its diffuse infiltration by lymphocytes, diffuse sclerosis of perivascular connective
macrophages, plasmacytes and solitary D. Exudative focal tissue; diffuse infiltration by lymphocytes,
neutrophils. Which of the listed kinds of E. Interstitial macrophages, plasmacytes and solitary E. Interstitial
459. inflammation was the most probable? productive neutrophils productive

A little girl died of asphyxia resulting from

membranous croup. A girl illed with diphtheria.
On autopsy, the mucous membranes of the larynx, A. Serous
trachea and bronchi were thickened, oedematous B. Haemorrhagic
and covered with greyish films which were easily C. Diphtheritic diphtheria, membranous croup; mucosa
separated. What type of inflammation D. Croupous thickened, oedematous and covered with E.
460. pathomorpholodist investigated? E. Catarrhal greyish films which were easily separated Catarrhal????
A surgeon removed a tumour in the liver of a
47year-old male patient. It was macroscopically
revealed that the wall of the cavity was formed by
a dense fibrous connective tissue; the cavity
contained some yellow-greenish dull thick fluid A. Phlegmon
which had an unpleasant odour and B. Acute abscess
microscopically consisted mainly of C. Empyema cavity formed by a dense fibrous
polymorphonuclear leukocytes. What pathological D. Colliquative connective tissue; yellow-greenish dull
process did such morphological changes necrosis thick fluid which had unpleasant odour; E. Chronic
461. correspond to? E. Chronic abscess polymorphonuclear leukocytes abscess
 A children died from asphyxia at the diphtheria.
On autopsy were identified membranous plates in
space of respiratory ways, the mucous membranes
of the larynx, trachea and bronchi were thickened, A. Serous
oedematous and covered with greyish films which B. Haemorrhagic diphtheria; membranous plates in
were easily separated. What kind of inflammation C. Diphtheritic respiratory ways; mucosa thickened,
did the morphological changes in the larynx D. Catarrhal oedematous and covered with greyish
462. indicate? E. Croupous films which were easily separated E. Croupous
An autopsy of a 58-year-old male, who suffered
from croupous pneumonia during his life-time and
died of cardiopulmonary insufficiency, revealed A. Dry pleurisy
900 ml of some yellow-greenish dull fluid in his B. Phlegmon
right pleural cavity. The pleural leaves were dull C. Chronic abscess
and plethoric. Name the clinical- morphological D. Acute abscess yellow-greenish dull fluid in pleural cavity
463. form of the inflammation in the pleural cavity. E. Empyema (pus) E. Empyema

An autopsy of a woman, who suffered from the

right-sided purulent otitis during her life-time,
revealed a cavity 4 x 3 cm in size in the region of
the right temporal lobe that contained some A. Acute abscess
yellow-green dull viscous fluid. The inner layer of B. Empyema purulent otitis; cavity contained some
the wall was represented with a yellowish C. Grey softening of yellow-green dull viscous fluid (pus);
crumble tissue, the outer layer consisted of a the brain inner layer of wall formed by yellowish
whitish dense tissue. What process were the D. Haemorrhage crumble tissue, outer layer - whitish E. Chronic
464. described changes in the brain characteristic of? e. Chronic abscess dense tissue abscess
During pathomorphological investigation of A. Phlegmon
inflammatory skin infiltrate revealed an B. Furuncle
accumulation of purolekocytic exudate in several C. Abscess
hair follicles. What is the name of such an D. Wandering abscess inflammatory skin infiltrate;
465. inflammation? e. Carbuncle purolekocytic exudate in hair follicles E. Carbuncle
 A. Hepatocellular
On supersonic examination of a 48-year-old male adenoma
patient, a hepatic neoplasm was diagnosed and a B. Solid carcinoma
puncture biopsy was made. Microscopically, the C. Metastasis of
tumour consisted of atypical hepatocytes which adenocarcinoma
formed trabeculae, acini or tubules. The tumour D. Cholangiocellular hepatic neoplasm; atypical hepatocytes
stroma was poor and had thin-walled blood carcinoma formed trabeculae, acini or tubules; E.
vessels. Which of the kinds of tumours listed E. Hepatocellular stroma was poor and had thin-walled Hepatocellular
466. below was the most probable? carcinoma blood vessels carcinoma
Histologically, the alveolar lumen had A. Red hepatization
accumulations of fibrin and neutrophils. The B. Influx
lymph nodes in the lung roots were pale pink and C. Edema alveolar lumen with fibrin and
somewhat enlarged. Name the stage of croupous D. Resolution neutrophils; lymph nodes in lung roots E. Grey
467. pneumonia. E. Grey hepatization pale pink and enlarged hepatization

A. Acute
During pathomorphological investigation of a pneumogenic abscess
male, who suffered from right-sided pneumonia, B. Pulmonary
revealed in the right lung some cavity 3.5 cm in echinococcosis C.
diameter, that had uneven edges, communicated Chronic
with the bronchus and was filled with some bronchiogenic
purulent exudate. Microscopically, the wall of the abscess D. Chronic cavity has uneven edges, communicated
cavity was formed by the granulation tissue pneumogenic abscess with bronchus, filled with purulent E. Acute
diffusely infiltrated by leukocytes. Which of the E. Acute exudate; cavity formed by the granulation bronchiogenic
468. diagnoses, listed below, was the most probable? bronchiogenic abscess tissue diffusely infiltrated by leukocytes abscess
 A 7 year old child was taken to the infectious
disease hospital with complaints of acute pain
during swallowing, temperature rise up to 39oC,
neck edema. Objective signs: tonsills are enlarged,
their mucous membrane is plethoric and covered A. Purulent pain during swallowing, hight
with a big number of whitish- yellowish films that B. Crupous temperature; mucousa plethoric, covered
are closely adjacent to the mucous membran. C. Serous by whitish- yellowish films, closely
After removal of these films the deep bleeding D. Hemorrhagic adjacent to mucosa; removing leads deep
469. defect remains. What type of inflammation is it? E. Diphteritic bleeding defect E. Diphteritic
A. Superficial
appendicitis
B. Simple
appendicitis C.
Gangrenous
Histologic examination revealed in all layers of appendicitis D.
appendix a big number of polymorthonuclear Chronic appendicitis big number of polymorthonuclear E.
leukocytes; hyperemia, stases. What disease are E. Phlegmonous leukocytes in all layers of appendix; Phlegmonous
470. these symptoms typical for? appendicitis hyperemia, stases appendicitis

A. Serous peritonitis
B. Hemorrhagic
peritonitis
At the operation the doctor opened a patient's C. Tuberculous
abdominal cavity and revealed for about 2,0 L of peritonitis
purulent fluid. Peritoneum is dull, greyish, serous D. - purulent fluid in abdominal cavity; E.
tunic of intestines has grayish layers that can be E. Fibrinopurulent peritoneum is dull, greyish; grayish layers Fibrinopurule
471. easily removed. It is most likely to be: peritonitis that can be easily removed nt peritonitis
 Mucous membrane of the right palatine tonsil has
a painless ulcer with smooth lacquer fundus and
accurate edges of cartlaginous consistency. A. Necrotic painless ulcer with smooth lacquer fundus
Microscopically: inflammatory infiltrate that (Vincent's) tonsillitis and accurate edges of cartlaginous
consists of lymphocytes, plasmocytes, a small B. Actinomycosis consistency; infiltrate consists of
number of neutrophils and epithelioid cells; C. Tuberculosis D. lymphocytes, plasmocytes, a small
endovasculistis and perivasculitis. What disease is Pharyngeal diphtheria number of neutrophils and epithelioid
472. in question? E. Syphilis cells; endovasculistis and perivasculitis E. Syphilis
An autopsy performed at the pathoanatomical
bureau revealed next: a 50-year-old male patient
died from the phenomena of intoxication at double
bronchopneumonia and had in the lower lobe of A. Tuberculoma
the right lung some thick-walled cavity, 4 cm in B. Empyema
diameter, filled with liquid yellowish masses. C. Abscess
What pathological process complicated the course D. Sequester intoxication; thick-walled cavity filled
473. of pneumonia? E. Gangrene with liquid yellowish masses E. Gangrene
A. Pulmonary
abscess
B. Phlegmon
C. Purulent catarrh
On autopsy was performed at the pathoanatomical of
bureau. 380 ml of some yellow fluid with an pleura
unpleasant odour were found in the right pleural D. Pulmonary
cavity. Microscopically, the liquid contained a lot gangrene yellow fluid with unpleasant odour;
of neutrophilic granulocytes. What is your E. Pleural liquid contained a lot of neutrophilic E. Pleural
474. diagnosis? empyema granulocytes empyema
 A 40-year-old female patient with goiter had an
thyroidectomy operation. A histological A. Hashimoto's
examination of the thyroid tissue revealed that disease
its follicles differed in size, contained some B. Ligneous
foamy colloid, the follicular epithelium was high thyroiditis C. Acute
and in some places it formed papillae. The nonsuppurative follicles differed in size, fill with foamy
stroma of the gland had clusters of lymphocytes thyroiditis D. Nodular colloid; epithelium was high and formed
which formed follicles with light centres. Make goiter papillae; clusters of lymphocytes which E. Toxic
475. a diagnosis of the disease of the thyroid gland. E. Toxic goiter formed follicles with light centres goiter
A pathohistological examination of the thyroid
gland detected a significant infiltration of its A. Colloid goiter
tissue by lymphocytes, formation of lymphoid B. Endemic goiter
follicles, an atrophy of parenchymatous C. Diffuse toxic goiter significant infiltration by lymphocytes,
elements and a significant vegetation of the D. Parenchymatous formation of lymphoid follicles; E.
connective tissue. What disease is characterized goiter atrophy and significant vegetation of Hashimoto's
476. by this picture? E. Hashimoto's disease connective tissue disease
A young female died from adrenal insufficiency.
An autopsy was performed in pathoanatomical A.
bureau detected diffuse hypermelanosis of the WaterhouseFriderichsen
skin, hyperplasia of the cells in islets of syndrome B. Primary
Langerhans in the pancreas, the adrenal glands aldosteronism C. adrenal insufficiency; diffuse
were sharply reduced in size and their thinned Cushing's disease hypermelanosis; adrenal glands were
cortical substance had foci of necrosis, D. sharply reduced, thinned cortical
haemorrhages and sclerosis. What is your Pheochromocytoma substance had foci of necrosis, E. Addison's
477. diagnosis? E. Addison's disease haemorrhages and sclerosis disease
 A 54-year-old male suffered from numerous
pathological fractures during his lifetime. After
his death an autopsy detected the changes in his
long tubular bones: the bones of the thigh and shin
were bent, in some places they resembled spirals,
their surface was tuberous, a section revealed an
obliterated medullary channel and a change in the
compact structure of the cortical layer by the A. Osteopetrosis
spongy type. Microscopically, there was a mosaic B. Parathyroid
type of the bone structures: against a background osteodystrophy numerous pathological fractures; bones
of a disordered thin-fibrous or lamellar structure C. Fibrous bent, surface was tuberous; obliterated
of the bone fragments there were numerous dysplasia D. medullary channel; spongy type of
cavities of sinusal resorption combined with signs Chronic compact bone; disordered thin-fibrous or
of new formation of the osseous tissue. The osteomyelitis E. lamellar structure with numerous cavities E. Deforming
arteries, which supplied the bone tissue, were Deforming of sinusal resorption combined with osteodystroph
478. dilated and convoluted. Name a diagnosis. osteodystrophy signs of osteoid formation y
A 43-year-old male suffered from right-sided
pneumonia in the lower lobe during his life-time
and for a long period of time expectorated sputum
of a purulent character. After his death an autopsy
detected some cavity with dense edges that was
located in the 9th-10th segments of the lung and A. Bronchiectatic
was filled with yellowish cream-like masses. disease
There was some whitish path from the cavity to B. Pulmonary
the root of the lung. Microscopically, the cavity gangrene sputum of purulent character; cavity with
was separated from the intact pulmonary tissue C. Acute dense edges; filled with yellowish
with a membrane which consisted of a fibrous pulmonary abscess creamlike masses; cavity formed by
connective tissue from the outside and a D. Chronic fibrous connective tissue membrane
granulation one from inside. Which of the pneumonia outside and a granulation one from inside E. Chronic
479. diagnoses was the most probable? E. Chronic abscess abscess
 During an operation for elimination of phimosis, a
round ulcer with a smooth bottom and dense
edges was found on the glans penis. On a
microscopic examination of the tissue taken from
an edge of the ulcer a pathologist found a
polymorphous infiltrate consisting of disorderly round ulcer with smooth bottom and
located plasma and lymphoid elements with some dense edges; polymorphous infiltrate
admixture of heterophilic leukocytes and A. Leprosy consisting of disorderly located plasma
epithelioid cells; the infiltrate was located mostly B. Actinomycosis and lymphoid elements with some
around small vessels. The vessels were C. Tuberculosis D. admixture of heterophilic leukocytes and
characterized by phenomena of endangiitis. What Polyarteritis nodosa epithelioid cells; it located mostly around
480. disease are the described changes typical for? E. Syphilis small vessels E. Syphilis
Three days after a criminal abortion a female
developed an elevation of her body temperature
up to 40°C, cloudiness of consciousness, petechial
haemorrhages on her skin. Two days later she died
under increasing phenomena of intoxication. An
autopsy revealed jaundice, petechial
haemorrhages in the serous and mucous
membranes, a sharp enlargement of the spleen and criminal abortion; elevation of
lymph nodes. Microscopically, the spleen and temperature; cloudiness of consciousness,
lymph nodes were characterized by a proliferation petechial haemorrhages on her skin;
of the lymphoid and reticular cells, as well as a jaundice, petechial haemorrhages in
large number of immature forms of haemopoiesis. A. Fulminant sepsis B. serous and mucous membranes; sharp
Besides, there were dystrophic changes and an Chernogubov’s enlargement of spleen and lymph nodes;
interstitial inflammation in the liver, kidneys, disease proliferation of lymphoid and reticular
heart, as well as disseminated necrotic C. Septicopyaemia cells; dystrophic changes and interstitial
vasculititides. What was the most probable form D. Chronic sepsis inflammation in liver, kidneys, heart; E.
481. of sepsis? E. Septicaemia disseminated necrotic vasculititides Septicaemia
 During his life-time, a 40-year-old male had a
high body temperature, jaundice, clouded
consciousness, bacteraemia. On autopsy, his
sclerae and skin were yellow, there were high temperature, jaundice, clouded
numerous haemorrhages in the serous and mucous consciousness, bacteraemia; sclerae and
membranes, as well as enlarged lymph nodes and skin yellow, numerous haemorrhages in
spleen. Microscopically, the spleen and lymph A. Chronic sepsis the serous and mucous membranes;
nodes had a proliferation of the reticular cells.The B. Septicopyaemia enlarged lymph nodes and spleen;
heart, liver and kidneys were characterized by an C. Acute lymphocytic proliferation of reticular cells in spleen
interstitial inflammation, a parenchymatous leukaemia and lymph nodes; interstitial inflammation
cloudy swelling; the vascular walls had D. Acute stem of organs, parenchymatous cloudy
vasculititides and a fibrinoid swelling. Which of cell leukaemia E. swelling; vasculititides and a fibrinoid E.
482. the diagnoses listed below was the most probable? Septicaemia swelling in vascular walls Septicaemia
An autopsy of a male, who had a prolonged
suppuration of the wound following an injury of A. Brucellosis B.
his extremity and died under the phenomena of Chernogubov’s
intoxication, revealed cachexia, dehydration, a disease died from intoxication; cachexia,
brown atrophy of the liver, myocardium, spleen C. Septicaemia dehydration, brown atrophy of liver,
and striated muscles, as well as renal amyloidosis. D. Septicopyaemia myocardium, spleen and striated muscles; E. Chronic
483. Which of the diagnoses was the most probable? E. Chronic sepsis renal amyloidosis sepsis
Extensive thromboembolic infarction of the left A. Acute rheumatic
cerebral hemispheres, large septic spleen, valvulitis
immunocomplex glomerulonephritis, ulcers on the B. Rheumatic
edges of the aortic valves, covered with polypous thromboendocarditis thromboembolic infarction; large septic
thrombus with colonies of staphylococcus were C. Septicemia spleen, immunocomplex
revealed on autopsy of the young man who died in D. Septicopyemia E. glomerulonephritis, ulcers on edges of E. Septic
coma. What disease caused cerebral Septic bacterial aortic valves, covered with polypous bacterial
484. thromboembolism? endocarditis thrombus with colonies of staphylococcus endocarditis
 In 2 days after a criminal abortion the female
patient’s temperature elevated up to 40 °C, she A. Septicemia
was semiconscious, and there were numerous B. Septicopyemia
hemorrhages in her skin. She died three days later. C. Lung sepsis
What type of sepsis according to its entrance gate D. Chroniosepsis criminal abortion; high temperature; E.
485. was there? E. Urosepsis semiconscious state; hemorrhages in skin Urosepsis???
The disease in a male hunter began with an
elevation of his body temperature up to 37-38°C,
increased reflex excitability, a disturbance of
sleep and hydrophobia. Later these signs were
accompanied by spasms of the muscles of the
larynx and pharynx, as well as those of
respiration. The patient’s death was caused by
arrest of respiration. On autopsy, an oedema and
plethora of the brain, as well as small
haemorrhages in the region of the
myelencephalon were found. On histological
examination of the brain, its stem part, walls of
the 3rd ventricle and hippocampus revealed temperature; increased reflex excitability;
necrosis of the nerve cells which were surrounded disturbance of sleep and hydrophobia;
(as well as small vessels) by nodules consisting of A. Typhoid fever spasms of larynx and pharynx muscles;
clusters of microglial and lymphoid cells. The B. Epidemic typhus oedema and plethora of the brain,
cytoplasm of the nerve cells of the hippocampus C. Poliomyelitis D. haemorrhages; necrosis of the nerve
contained some rounded eosinophilic inclusions Tick-borne cells; cytoplasm of nerve cells of
(Bab?s-Negri bodies). What disease is encephalitis E. hippocampus with rounded eosinophilic
486. characterized by the picture described? Rabies inclusions (Babesh-Negri bodies) E. Rabies
 The disease in a 67-year-old woman acutely began
with an expressed oedema and tenderness of the
skin and soft tissues of the neck. A phlegmon of
neck and mediastinitis were diagnosed. The
patient died under the increasing phenomena of
intoxication. On autopsy, the left tonsil was
slightly enlarged and dense; on section, it was
yellowish-greenish and had a lot of small cavities
which imparted a honeycomb structure to it. The tonsil slightly enlarged and dense,
soft tissues of the neck and the fat of the anterior yellowish-greenish with a lot of small
mediastinum had signs of purulent melting. cavities (honeycomb structure); soft
Microscopically, the tissue had a lot of small A. Giardiasis tissues with signs of purulent melting; a
abscesses, their centres having intensive B. Leishmaniasis lot of small abscesses, their centres having
basophilic formations, which consisted of short C. Brucellosis intensive basophilic formations, consisted E.
rod-like elements connected with their one end to D. Amoebiasis of short rod-like elements connected with Actinomycosi
487. the common centre. What is your diagnosis? E. Actinomycosis their one end to the common centre s
A male patient, who came from the Central Asia,
had persistent diarrhoeae, a loss of body weight
and signs of intoxication against whose
background he died. An autopsy revealed
numerous hepatic abscesses, the caecum was persistent diarrhoeae, loss of body weight
characterized by dingy green areas of necrosis of and signs of intoxication; numerous
its mucous membrane, these areas slightly rose hepatic abscesses, caecum with dingy
above its surface and penetrated into the muscular green areas of necrosis of mucous
layer. The ulcers resulting from the necrosis were A. Salmonellosis membrane; thay slightly rose above
characterized by undermined edges which hung B. Cholera surface and penetrated into the muscular
over their bottom. The inflammatory reaction in C. Typhoid fever layer; necrotic ulcers with undermined
the intestinal wall was poorly expressed. What D. Bacterial dysentery edges which hung over their bottom;
488. was the most probable disease in that case? E. Amoebiasis inflammatory reaction poorly expressed E. Amoebiasis
 An autopsy of a 45-year-old male, who had had a
fever with signs of intoxication during his life-
time, revealed an enlarged dense spleen (500 g);
on section, its pulp had numerous grey-white and
white-yellow miliary necroses of follicles, and A. Plague enlarged dense spleen with numerous
there were infarct-like foci of necrosis under the B. Haematogenous grey-white and white-yellow miliary
capsule. A histological examination revealed general miliary necroses in pulp; infarct-like foci of
hyperplasia of the follicles with breakdown of tuberculosis C. necrosis under capsule; hyperplasia of
leukocytes and accumulation of neutrophils, and Tularaemia follicles with breakdown of leukocytes
numerous thrombi in the vessels. Which of the D. Typhoid fever and accumulation of neutrophils; E. Relapsing
489. diagnoses listed below was the most probable? E. Relapsing fever numerous thrombi fever
A. Dry gangrene
The examination of the child with measles B. Gas gangrene
showed the non-clear border edematous C. Bedsore
fluctuated areas of red-black color in the soft D. Trophic ulcer measles; non-clear border edematous E. Wet
tissues of the cheeks and perineum. What E. Wet gangrene fluctuated areas of red-black color in soft gangrene
490. complication did develop in the child? (noma) tissues (noma)
A 8 year-old child was ill acutely with clinical
signs of vomiting, headache and severe
intoxication. After two days of the disease he has A. Scarlet fever
died. In autopsy the pathologist has found out: B. Pertussis
meninges thickened, yellowish color on basal C. Diphtheria vomiting, headache, intoxication;
surface, edema and hyperemia. Meningococcus D. Measles meninges thickened, yellowish color on E.
was detected from liquor fluid. Diagnose this E. Meningococcal basal surface, edema and hyperemia; Meningococca
491. disease. infection meningococcus in liquor fluid l infection
 A 5 year-old girl has died because of asphyxia
owing to true croup. In the autopsy it was
established; mucosa of larynx, trachea and A. Flu
bronchi dwarfed, edematous, dull, coated by B. Measles
grayish fibrinous plaques, which were easily C. Pertussis true croup; mucosa edematous, dull,
removed. Described morphological changes are D. Scarlet fever coated by grayish fibrinous plaques,
492. characteristic for…: E. Diphtheria which were easily removed E. Diphtheria

A 6 year-old child, was ill acutely with signs of

intoxication. In 2 day the patient has died. In
autopsy the pathologist has found out: meninges A. Flu
of brain with edema, hyperemia, yellow-grey B. Pertussis
exudate. Tissue of brain was edematous. C. Diphtheria meninges edema, hyperemia, yellow-grey
Microscopic investigation: there were neutrophils, D. Measles exudate; brain edematous; neutrophils, E.
hyperemia, hemorrhages and edema in meninges. E. Meningococcal hyperemia, hemorrhages and edema in Meningococca
493. Described changes are most typical for: meningitis meninges l meningitis

A. Choleric
typhoid is developed
B. Development
of uremia is
connected with acute
glomerulonephritis C.
Fibrinous colitis is
found in autopsy D.
Patient has suffered from cholera. Clinical dates Exicosis is due to
are dehydratating, cyanosis and convulsions. In action of virus E. Necrotic
the result of massive infusion therapy the exicosis exotoxin nephrosis with
has been diminished, but anuria has been E. Necrotic nephrosis cortical
remained. Patient has dead because of uremia. with cortical necrosis necrosis takes
What morphological features in kidney have been takes place in the cholera; dehydratating, cyanosis and place in the
494. found out? kidneys convulsions; anuria; uremia kidneys
 A 20-year-old girl developed complaints about an
expressed fatiguability of her ocular, masticatory,
speech and deglutitive groups of muscles, when
the normal contraction of the muscles after great
activity absolutely discontinued, but after some
rest the functioning of the muscles was restored
again. Some time later the pathological process
involved the muscles of the extremities and A.
intercostal ones. An inadequate ventilation of the Pseudohypertrophic
lungs resulted in development of the secondary muscular dystrophy B.
lobular pneumonia which caused the patient’s Amyotrophic
death. An autopsy revealed an atrophy of the lateral sclerosis
striated muscles, their dystrophy with focal C. Werdnig-Hoffman fatiguability of muscles; atrophy of
clusters of the lymphocytes in the interstice. An spinal amyotrophy striated muscles; dystrophy with focal
enlarged thymus was characterized by follicular D. Erb’s muscular clusters of lymphocytes in interstice;
hyperplasia. What was the most probable dystrophy E. enlarged thymus with follicular
495. diagnosis? Myasthenia hyperplasia E. Myasthenia
An autopsy of a male, who died from uraemia,
revealed deformity of the spinal column with a
sharp limitation of mobility. The articular
cartilages of small joints of the spinal column
were destroyed, there were some expressed signs A. Rheumatoid
of a prolonged chronic inflammation in the arthritis
articular tissues, the cavities of the joints were B. Paget’s disease
filled with the connective tissue, but in some (deforming
places with the osseous one together with osteosis) C. deformity of spinal column with sharp
formation of ankyloses. The aorta, heart and lungs Parathyroid limitation of mobility; articular cartilages
revealed a chronic inflammation and focal osteodystrophy D. destroyed; signs of prolonged chronic
sclerosis. The kidneys were characterized by Osteopetrosis inflammation articular tissues; cavities E.
amyloidosis. What diagnosis was the most (marble bone disease) filled with the connective and osseous Bekhterev’s
496. probable in this case? E. Bekhterev’s disease tissue; ankyloses disease
 On autopsy of a male, who died from uraemia, it
was found that the pancreas was reduced in size,
his contracted kidneys had a fine-grained surface,
the liver was enlarged, yellow and flaccid.
Microscopically, the pancreatic tissue revealed an
atrophy of the parenchyma, including islets of pancreas was reduced in size, contracted
Langerhans, the atrophied parenchyma was kidneys with fine-grained surface; liver
substituted for hyperplastic connective and fatty enlarged, yellow and flaccid, fatty
tissues. The kidneys were characterized by A. Chronic degeneration; pancreas atrophy including
sclerosis and hyalinosis of the glomeruli, as well glomerulonephritis B. islets of Langerhans; substituted by
as by a glycogenic infiltration of the tubules; there Hypertensive disease hyperplastic connective and fatty tissues;
was a fatty degeneration in the liver and a C. Chronic indurative kidneys with sclerosis and hyalinosis of
fibrinous inflammation in the mucous coats of the pancreatitis D. glomeruli; glycogenic infiltration of
trachea, bronchi and stomach. What disease did Steatosis tubules; fibrinous inflammation in E. Diabetes
497. the died person suffer from? E. Diabetes mellitus mucosa mellitus
An autopsy of a male, who died from chronic
renal insufficiency, revealed atherosclerosis of the
aorta and large arteries, small and dense kidneys
with a fine-grained surface, an enlarged yellow-
brown and flaccid liver, the pancreas was reduced
in size. Microscopically, there was A. Arterial atherosclerosis of the aorta and large
atherocalcinosis of the aorta and arteries, an nephrosclerosis arteries; small and dense kidneys with
atrophy of the parenchyma, sclerosis and B. Chronic fine-grained surface; enlarged yellow-
lipomatosis of the pancreas; the kidneys were pancreatitis C. brown and flaccid liver, large-drop
characterized by hyalinosis of the mesangium and Chronic adiposis in hepatocytes; pancreas reduced,
glomeruli, a glycogenic infiltration of the glomerulonephritis sclerosis and lipomatosis of its stroma;
epithelium of the tubules, with large-drop adiposis D. Steatosis E. with hyalinosis of mesangium and E. Diabetic
in the hepatocytes. What pathological process Diabetic glomeruli, glycogenic infiltration of nephrosclerosi
498. took place in the kidneys? nephrosclerosis epithelium of tubules s
 A 52-year-old male died from renal insufficiency. A. Arterial
On microscopic examination of his organs, the nephrosclerosis B.
pancreas revealed lipomatosis and sclerosis with Amyloid shrunk
an atrophy of islets of Langerhans, the kidneys kidneys C.
had hyalinosis of the mesangium and glomeruli Chronic pancreas lipomatosis and sclerosis,
(Kimmelstiel-Wilson syndrome) and a glycogenic glomerulonephritis atrophy of Langerhans islets; kidneys
infiltration of the epithelium of the tubules, the D. Goodpasture’s with hyalinosis of mesangium and
liver was characterized by fatty degeneration. syndrome E. glomeruli (Kimrnelstiel-Wilson E. Diabetic
Which of the diagnoses listed below was the most Diabetic syndrome); glycogenic infiltration of glomeruloscle
499. probable? glomerulosclerosis epithelium; fatty degeneration of liver rosis
A 53-year-old male patient, who suffered from
peptic ulcer of the stomach for more than 25
years, was admitted to a surgical department with
complaints about frequent vomiting after taking
food, progressing loss of weight, severe thirst. At
the hospital, the signs of oliguria and later anuria A. Peritonitis
developed. The patient died. An autopsy revealed B. Penetration of
a cicatricial stenosis of the pylorus and a sharp ulcer C. Erosive peptic ulcer of stomach; frequent
enlargement of the stomach which practically haemorrhage vomiting after taking food; progressing
reached the pelvic region. Which of the D. Malignancy E. loss of weight, severe thirst; signs of E.
complication of peptic ulcer listed below caused Chlorhydropenic oliguria and anuria; cicatricial stenosis of Chlorhydrope
500. the patient’s death? uraemia pylorus nic uraemia
A. Intralobular
A 47-year-old woman underwent radical carcinoma in situ
mastectomy for a neoplasm. A histological B. Acneiform
examination of the mammary gland revealed an carcinoma C.
eczematous lesion of the nipple and areola, a Papillary
cancerous lesion of the ducts of the gland and carcinoma neoplasm; eczematous lesion of nipple
presence of large light cells in the epidermis of the D. Fibrous carcinoma and areola; cancerous lesion of ducts, E. Paget's
501. nipple and areola. Make a diagnosis. E. Paget's disease large light cells in epidermis disease
 A. Foliaceous tumour
A histological express examination of a tumour B. Noninfiltrating
node of a mammary gland revealed some intralobular carcinoma
encapsulated formation with proliferation of C. Infiltrating encapsulated formation with proliferation
alveoli and intralobular ducts; the interstitial intralobular carcinoma of alveoli and intralobular ducts;
connective tissue grew either around or inside the D. Paget's disease interstitial connective tissue grew either E.
502. ducts. Which of the tumours took place? E. Fibroadenoma around or inside ducts Fibroadenoma

A. Mucinous
cystadenoma B.
Serous
During an operation on a woman, her cyst-like cystadenocarcinoma
changed ovary was removed; it was a thin-walled C. Pseudomucinous cyst-like changed ovary; thin-walled
cavity filled with some yellowish transparent fluid cystocarcinoma D. cavity filled with some yellowish
and having a smooth inner surface. Histologically, Granulosa cell transparent fluid and having a smooth
the cavity wall was lined with the cubical tumour E. Serous inner surface; cavity wall was lined with E. Serous
503. epithelium. Name the kind of the tumour. cystadenoma cubical epithelium cystadenoma
A. Nonkeratinizing
squamous cell
carcinoma
B. Keratinizing
A histological examination of a biopsy from a squamous cell
uterine cervix revealed that its tissue was covered carcinoma
with a wide layer of the stratified squamous C. Leukoplakia
epithelium having foci of proliferation of atypical D. Epithelial stratified squamous epithelium having
cells with pathological mitoses, but the basal dysplasia foci of proliferation of atypical cells with
membrane of the epithelium was not affected. E. Carcinoma in pathological mitoses; basal membrane not E. Carcinoma
504. What is your diagnosis? situ affected in situ
 A 39-year-old female with a clinical picture of
acute abdomen underwent surgical removal of an
enlarged uterine tube. On examination, the serous
coat of the uterine tube was dark purple, the
lumen contained some blood clots. A histological
examination of the wall of the tube revealed that A. Placental polyp
the mucous membrane had layers of the decidual B. Choriocarcinoma acute abdomen; serous coat dark purple,
cells, and there were villi of the chorion among C. Haematosalpinx lumen contained some blood clots; layers
the blood clots. What is the most probable D. Salpingitis of decidual cells, villi of chorion among E. Tubal
505. diagnosis? E. Tubal pregnancy blood clots pregnancy
Microscopically, a scrape from the uterine cavity,
taken in a 36-year-old female against a A. Endometrial
background of uterine bleeding, revealed a polyp B. Endometrial
neoplasm which consisted of a large number of adenocarcinoma C.
light epithelial cells of Langhans and multinuclearSimple uterine bleeding; neoplasm which
symplasts, the number of figures of mitosis was hydatidiform mole consisted of a large number of light
increased. The stroma was absent, the vascular D. Invasive epithelial cells of Langhans and E.
cavities were lined with the above cells. Make a hydatidiform mole E. multinuclear symplasts; increased number Choriocarcino
506. diagnosis of the uterine tumour. Choriocarcinoma of figures of mitosis; stroma was absent ma
A. Complete tubal
abortion
B. Spontaneous
abortion
C. Induced
A 30-year-old woman had ectopic tubal pregnancy abortion
which finished with a location of a fetus in the D. Criminal ectopic tubal pregnancy finished with a
tubal cavity with bleeding. Call this pathology of abortion E. Incomplete location of fetus in tubal cavity with E. Incomplete
507. pregnancy tubal abortion bleeding tubal abortion
 The body of a young woman after delivery was
taken for autopsy procedure. In autopsy, the
following features were found: enlarged
particolored dimmed liver with areas of necrosis.
Microscopically the following signs were found in
the liver: hemorrhages, thrombosis of the vessels,
proteinous and fatty degeneration of hepatocytes; enlarged parti-colored dimmed liver with
necrosis of epithelium of kidney’s canals with A. Toxic degeneration areas of necrosis, hemorrhages,
fibrinoid necrosis of vessels’ walls and of the liver B. Viral thrombosis of the vessels, proteinous and
hemorrhages in interstitial tissue; the hemorrhages hepatitis C. Cerebro- fatty degeneration; necrosis of kidney
also can be seen in brain, heart, lungs and serous vascular disease epithelium with fibrinoid necrosis of
membranes. The main cause of death – D. Intravascular vessels’ walls, hemorrhages; hemorrhages
hepatocellular insufficiency. What diagnosis is coagulation syndrome in brain, heart, lungs and serous
508. more probable? E. Eclampsia membranes E. Eclampsia
A. heteropagus
A woman, 40 weeks of pregnancy, had a cesarian B. homopagus
section. From the uterine cavity there were C. blastopagus D.
delivered symmetrically formed twins with fused all of the terms listed
heads while their bodies were divided. What is the are synonyms symmetrically formed twins with fused
509. variant of twin deformity? E. diplopagus heads and divided bodies E. diplopagus
A. fetogenesis B.
A woman, 42 weeks of pregnancy, had a cesarian early neonatal
section. From the uterine cavity there were period
delivered symmetrically formed twins with fused C. late neonatal period
heads while their bodies were divided. In what D. embryogenesis symmetrically formed twins with fused E.
510. period of development such an anomaly occured? E. blastogenesis heads and divided bodies blastogenesis
 A. X-ray
examination in the
second trimester of
pregnancy
B. abuse of
A patient W., born in 1960, has defects of the surrogate alcohol
development of the upper limbs - shoulders and C. smoking
forearms are absent, arms attach directly to the cannabis D. influenza defects of limbs development; shoulders
body, are widespread and resemble a walrus in the second trimester and forearms are absent, arms attach
flippers. Choose the teratogenic factor that was of pregnancy directly to body, are widespread and E. taking
511. most likely to cause such changes: E. taking thalidomide resemble a walrus flippers thalidomide
At the ultrasound examination were found A. ectopia of the lungs
multiple congenital malformations of the fetus. B. agenesis of the
Abortion has been done on medical indications. lungs
At the pathoanatomical investigation: the lungs of C. neonatal
the fetus are reduced, the volume of each is respiratory distress
approximately of the volume of the heart. syndrome D. aplasia lungs of the fetus are reduced, the volume
Histologically structural elements of the of the lungs E. of each is approximately of volume of
pulmonary tissue are visualized. How to hypoplasia of the heart; histologically structural elements of E. hypoplasia
512. characterize such defect of the respiratory system? lungs pulmonary tissue are visualized of the lungs
 A. hemorragia per
diabrosin
B. squamous cell
carcinoma of the
esophagus
C. such a defect
At the pathoanatomical examination of the does not affect the
stillborn it was revealed that the esophagus is health
represented by two isolated fragments, which are status
connected by thin cord of connective tissue. The D. neonatal
proximal fragment of the esophagus is combined respiratory distress
with the trachea in the region of its bifurcation. syndrome esophagus is represented by two isolated
What complication is typical for such congenital E. aspiration fragments; proximal fragment of E. aspiration
513. defect? pneumonia esophagus is combined with trachea pneumonia

An individual is characterized by rounded face, A. Alkaptonuria

broad forehead, a mongolian type of eyelid fold, B. Supermales rounded face, broad forehead, mongolian
flattened nasal bridge, permanently open mouth, C. Turner's type of eyelid fold, flattened nasal bridge,
projecting lower lip, protruding tongue, short syndrome D. permanently open mouth, projecting
neck, flat hands, and stubby fingers. What Klinefelter's syndrome lower lip, protruding tongue, short neck, E. Down's
514. diagnosis can be put to the patient? E. Down's syndrome flat hands, and stubby fingers syndrome
A. Down's syndrome
A woman who was sick with rubella during the B. Edward's syndrome
pregnancy gave birth to a dead child with hare lip C. Genocopy
and cleft palate. This congenital defect is an D. Phenocopy rubella during pregnancy; hare lip and cleft E. Patau's
515. example of: E. Patau's syndrome palate syndrome
 A. Incomplete
tubal abortion
B. Complete tubal
abortion
C. Induced
Metrorrhagia and uterine discharge contained the abortion
fetus developed in the women with 19 weeks D. Criminal
pregnancy after lifting a heavy thing. What is your abortion Metrorrhagia; uterine discharge contained E. Late
516. diagnosis? E. Late abortion fetus; 19 weeks pregnancy abortion
Autopsy of a fetus who died of intranatal asphyxia
due to acute disturbance of utero-placental A. Spasm
circulation revealed small perivascular punctuates B. Erosion
hemorrhages in the pia mater, under the C. Edema intranatal asphyxi; small perivascular
epicardium and pleura. What is the most probable D. Rupture E. punctuates hemorrhages in the pia mater, E. Increased
517. mechanism of the vascular wall damage? Increased permeability under the epicardium and pleura permeability

A. Aspiration of
amniotic fluid
B. Intrauterine
asphyxia
C. Imperfection of
nervous regulation of
respiration D.
Intrauterine
hypercapnia E.
Immaturity of
alveolar- E. Immaturity of
parenchyma alveolarparenchyma
The Respiratory Distress Syndrome often takes connected with connected with
place in immature newborns. What is the most deficiency of deficiency of
518. probable cause of this syndrome? surfactant Respiratory Distress Syndrome surfactant
 A. Birth injury
B. Pneumonia in
newborn
C. Respiratory distress
Autopsy of the newborn showed jaundice of the syndrome of newborn
skin, signs of the bilirubin encephalopathy in D. Edematous
the brain substance, bilirubin infarctions in the hemorrhagic
kidneys, enlarged liver and spleen. His mother syndrome jaundice, bilirubin encephalopathy and
is Rh- negative. The child died on the third day E. Hemolytic disease infarctions in the kidneys, enlarged liver E. Hemolytic
519. after birth. What is your diagnosis? of newborn and spleen; Rh- negative mother disease of newborn

A. Hemolytic
Microscopic examination of the lungs of a disease of newborn
dead 2day-old newborn showed: pinkish B. Birth injury C. pinkish masses line the respiratory
masses that line the respiratory bronchioles, Pneumonia in bronchioles, alveoli; made up of
alveoli. These masses are largely made up of newborn fibrinogen and fibrin, admixed with
fibrinogen and fibrin, admixed with cell D. Edematous cell debris chiefly from necrotic
debris chiefly from necrotic alveolar lining hemorrhagic syndrome alveolar lining pneumocytes
pneumocytes. Areas of dys- and atelectasis E. Hyaline
520. are found out too. What is your diagnosis? membranes E. Hyaline membranes

A. Hemolytic
disease of newborn
B. Pneumonia in
In autopsy of a 6-month-old infant it was newborn
found out: small cysts in pancreatic glands, C. Respiratory
signs of chronic bronchitis with atelectasis, distress syndrome of small cysts in pancreatic glands,
bronchiectasis, fatty changes and cholestasis newborn D. Edimatous signs of chronic bronchitis with E.
in liver, coprostasis in intestine. Described hemorrhagic syndrome atelectasis, bronchiectasis; Mucoviscidosi
521. changes are typical for…: E. Mucoviscidosis coprostasis in intestine s
 A. Hemolytic
disease of newborn
B. Birth injury C.
Pneumonia in
newborn
In microscopic examination of a 2-day-old D. Respiratory distress pre-term-newborn; diffuse edema and
preterm-newborn it was found out: diffuse syndrome of newborn numerous hemorrhages in lungs;
edema and numerous hemorrhages in the E. E.
lungs, pulmonary capillaries overfull by Edematoushemorrhagic pulmonary capillaries overfull by Edematoushemorrhagic
522. blood. What is the probable diagnosis? syndrome blood syndrome

On autopsy of a 71-year-old male, who had

worked as a stone grinder for 14 years and died
from cardiopulmonary insufficiency, his lungs
were enlarged and dense, they revealed numerous
miliary and larger grey or grey-black nodules
rounded, oval or irregular in shape and dense in
consistency. A microscopic examination revealed stone-grinder; lungs enlarged and dense
some peribronchial and perivascular vegetation of with numerous miliary and larger grey or
the connective tissue, scleroid interalveolar septa, grey-black nodules rounded, oval or
catarrhal-desquamative bronchitis, irregular in shape and dense in
bronchoectases, a diffuse emphysema. The A. Anthracosis B. consistency; peribronchial and
nodules were represented by clusters of Bronchiectatic perivascular vegetation of the connective
coniophages with collagen fibres among them, disease tissue, scleroid interalveolar septa,
some nodules had a fibrous structure. What C. Chronic bronchitis bronchoectases, a diffuse emphysema;
disease is characterized by the above changes in D. Bronchial asthma clusters of coniophages with collagen
523. the lungs? E. Silicosis fibres E. Silicosis
 An autopsy of a 59-year-old male, who had
worked in mine for 19 years, revealed the
following changes in the lungs: chronic deforming miner; chronic deforming bronchitis,
bronchitis, chronic bronchopneumonia, an chronic bronchopneumonia, an expressed
expressed emphysema, sclerotic changes in the emphysema, sclerotic changes in the
vascular walls, irregular caverns with crumbling vascular walls, irregular caverns with
black walls and some black contents. The lymph crumbling black walls and some black
nodes were enlarged and black. Histologically, the contents; lymph nodes were enlarged and
lungs revealed perivascular and peribronchial A. Siderosis black; perivascular and peribronchial
sclerosis, sclerosis of interalveolar septa and a B. Silicosis sclerosis, sclerosis of interalveolar septa
large number of macrophages whose cytoplasm C. Aluminosis and a large number of macrophages
contained some grey-black or slate pigment. D. Asbestosis whose cytoplasm contained some
524. Name the most probable pathology. E. Anthracosis greyblack or slate pigment E. Anthracosis

An autopsy of a young male, who served aboard a

nuclear submarine and during his life-time E. Acute
revealed severe anaemia, leukopenia, A. Acute radiation
thrombocytopenia and an expressed haemorrhagic hypoplastic anaemia sickness
syndrome, revealed the following changes: B. Vibration
panmyelophthisis, decomposition of lymphocytes disease served aboard a nuclear submarine; severe
in the lymph nodes, spleen and lymphatic C. Acute leukaemia anaemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
apparatus of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as D. Decompression and an expressed haemorrhagic syndrome;
haemorrhages in the mucosal membranes of the sickness panmyelophthisis, decomposition of
stomach, intestines and adrenal glands. What E. Acute radiation lymphocytes in lymphoid organs; multiple
525. disease developed in this case? sickness haemorrhages
 An autopsy of a 56-year-old male, who had
worked as a driller of boreholes during his
lifetime, revealed dry gangrene of the toes and
feet, an atrophy of the forearm, deltoid and
rhomboid muscles. Microscopically, the muscles A. Decompression driller of boreholes; dry gangrene of toes
were characterized by an atrophy, the distal sickness and feet, an atrophy of forearm, deltoid
epiphyses of the radial and ulnar bones had foci of B. Deforming and rhomboid muscles; muscles with
osteoporosis and sclerosis, the carpal bones had arthrosis atrophy signs; osteoporosis and sclerosis
numerous cysts, marks of pathological fractures C. Myopathy D. of forarm bones; carpal bones with
and deformities; in the arteries there was a sharp Obliterating numerous cysts, marks of pathological
narrowing of their lumens up to the absolute endarteritis fractures and deformities; sharp E. Vibration
526. obliteration. What disease developed in this case? E. Vibration disease narrowing and obliteration in arteries disease

An autopsy of a 43-year-old male, who had A. Obliterating

worked as a diver during his life-time, revealed in endarteritis
the long bones of his lower extremities some foci B. Deforming
of osteoporosis surrounded by an area of sclerosis, arthrosis
as well as foci of aseptic necrosis of the bone C. Myopathy diver; foci of osteoporosis surrounded by
tissue and osteomyelitis. The joints were D. Vibration an area of sclerosis; foci of aseptic
characterized by deformity, an atrophy of the disease E. necrosis of bone tissue and osteomyelitis; E.
cartilage, phenomena of arthritis. What disease Decompression joints deformity, an atrophy of the Decompressio
527. developed in this man? sickness cartilage, phenomena of arthritis n sickness
 An autopsy of a female, who had worked as a
radiologist for 20 years and died from double
pneumonia, revealed numerous haemorrhages of
various remoteness on the skin, mucous and
serous membranes, general haemosiderosis. The
marrow of the sternum was yellow, the liver and A. Hypoplastic radiologist for 20 years; numerous
kidneys were yellow-clay and flaccid, the anaemia haemorrhages on the skin, mucous and
myocardium was flaccid, from the side of the B. Aplastic serous membranes, general
endocardium it had yellow-white lines. anaemia C. Acute haemosiderosis; marrow of the sternum
Microscopically, the marrow was characterized by radiation yellow, liver and kidneys yellow-clay and
panmyelophthisis, there was fatty degeneration of sickness flaccid, myocardium flaccid;
the parenchymatous organs and purulent D. AIDS panmyelophthisis; fatty degeneration of E. Chronic
pneumonia in the lungs. What disease developed E. Chronic parenchymatous organs and purulent radiation
528. in this case? radiation sickness pneumonia sickness
A. Tuberculosis,
mycobacteriosis
B. Dysentery,
cholera
Acquired immunodeficiencies often are caused by C. Q fever, typhus
an infection, where causative agents reproduce D. Infectious
directly in the cells of the immune system, mononucleosis, AIDS infection agents reproduce directly in the D. Infectious
destroying them in the process. It is characteristic E. Poliomyelitis, cells of the immune system, destroying mononucleosi
529. of the following diseases: hepatitis A them s, AIDS
A. Transplantation
After sensitization a test animal received immune reaction B.
subcutaneously a dose of antigen. At the site of Delayed sensitizated animal received
injection a fibrinous inflammation developed with hypersensitivity subcutaneously a dose of antigen;
alteration of vessel walls, basal substance, and C. Normergic fibrinous inflammation with alteration of
fibrous structures of connective tissue. The reaction vessel walls, basal substance, and fibrous
inflammation took form of mucoid and fibrinoid D. Granulomatosis structures of connective tissue in site of E. Immediate
degeneration, fibrinoid necrosis. What immune E. Immediate injection; mucoid and fibrinoid hypersensitivit
530. response occurred in the test animal? hypersensitivity degeneration, fibrinoid necrosis y
 A. Polyarteritis
Autopsy of the body of a woman revealed the nodosa B.
following morphological changes: stenosis of the Rheumatism C.
atrioventricular opening, mitral insufficiency. Systemic lupus stenosis of the atrioventricular opening,
Histologically there are focal cardiosclerosis and erythematosus mitral insufficiency; focal cardiosclerosis
’’blooming” Aschoff nodules in the myocardium. D. Dermatomyositis and ’’blooming” Aschoff nodules in B.
531. What is the most likely diagnosis? E. Scleroderma myocardium Rheumatism
A. Proliferation B.
Hypertrophy
Unlike the nerve cells that do not reproduce, the C. Atrophy
stem cell can regenerate multiple times. The D. Apoptosis regenerate multiple times; Multiplication A.
532. process of repeated cell regeneration is called: E. Differentiation of cells Proliferation
For the last three years a 45-year-old man had A. Dust-induced
been suffering from dry cough, progressing pneumosclerosis B.
dyspnea, pulmonary failure, and rapid weight loss. Multiple
Autopsy of his body shows cor pulmonale. The bronchiectasis C.
lungs are markedly fibrotic, with cavities that Bronchial asthma
resemble a honeycomb pattern. Histology D. Chronic bullous dry cough, progressing dyspnea, cor
revealed interstitial fibrosis and marked emphysema pulmonale; lungs markedly fibrotic, with
lymphohistiocytic stromal infiltration with E. Postinflammatory cavities that resemble a honeycomb B. Multiple
533. neutrophilic admixture. Make the diagnosis: pneumosclerosis pattern; interstitial fibrosis bronchiectasis
Autopsy of the body of a 35-year-old drug
addicted man with a long history of fibrocavitary A. Diffuse hyalinosis
pulmonary tuberculosis shows enlarged and dense B. Idiopathic
spleen and kidneys. On section their tissues are amyloidosis
grayish and have a ’’fatty” sheen. C. Local tumor-
Microscopically, in the red and white splenic pulp like amyloidosis
and in the renal glomerular interstitium and D. Senile fibrocavitary pulmonary tuberculosis;
mesangium there are deposits of Congo amyloidosis E. enlarged and dense spleen and kidneys;
redpositive masses. Diagnose the type of damage Secondary tissues grayish and have a ’’fatty” sheen; E. Secondary
534. to the internal organs: amyloidosis deposits of Congo red-positive masses amyloidosis
 A patient with bilateral adrenal damage developed A. Porphyrin
dark-brown skin color. Histochemical analysis of B. Biliverdine
the patient’s skin shows negative Peris reaction. C. Lipofuscin
What pigment caused the skin discoloration in this D. Hemosiderin bilateral adrenal damage; dark-brown skin
535. case? E. Melanin color; negative Peris reaction E. Melanin
A. Acute
gangrenous
cholecystitis
B. Acute
Pathomorphology of the gallbladder after catarrhal
cholecystectomy shows that it is enlarged, its cholecystitis C.
walls are thickened, its serous tunic is dull and Chronic
plethoric; there are viscous yellow-green masses cholecystitis D.
in the gallbladder cavity. Microscopically, a Acute phlegmonous gallbladder walls thickened, serous tunic
diffuse infiltration of segmented neutrophils is cholecystitis is dull and plethoric; viscous yellowgreen D. Acute
observed in the gallbladder wall. What type of E. Granulomatous masses in gallbladder cavity; diffuse phlegmonous
536. cholecystitis is the most likely in this case? cholecystitis infiltration of segmented neutrophils cholecystitis
A young man came to a hospital with complaints A. Epispadia
of disturbed urination. Examination of his external
genitalia revealed the urethra to be split on the B. Paraphimosis
top, with urine flowing out of this opening. What C. Hypospadias
type of external genitalia maldevelopment is D. Phimosis
537. observed in this case? E. Hermaphroditism urethra are split on top A. Epispadia
 Histology of a biopsy material obtained from the
liver of a 67-year- old man, who for a long time
has been suffering from chronic diffuse
obstructive emphysema, revealed the following
morphological changes: central veins are dilated;
sinusoids in the center of hepatic lobules are
hyperemic and exhibit signs of capillarization; a
portion of hepatocytes has undergone dystrophic A. Fatty hepatosis chronic diffuse obstructive emphysema;
changes; moderate perivascular sclerosis; B. Goose liver central veins are dilated; sinusoids in
periportally one can observe hepatocytes with C. Portal cirrhosis center of hepatic lobules are hyperemic;
signs of fatty degeneration. What type of liver D. Nutmeg liver periportally hepatocytes with signs of D. Nutmeg
538. damage is it? E. Brimstone liver fatty degeneration liver

A 50-year-old woman has a round neoplasm, 2,5 A. Cyst

cm in diameter, in her ovary. On section the B. Ulcer
neoplasm has a cavity with pale yellow C. Node with an
transparent liquid. The inner walls of the cavity infiltration in its center round neoplasm in ovary; cavity with pale
are smooth. Macroscopically, this neoplasm can D. Infiltration yellow transparent liquid; inner walls of
539. be classified as a: E. Node cavity are smooth A. Cyst
A man has suffered a recurrent intramural A. Necrosis B.
myocardial infarction. After a course of treatment Small-focal
and rehabilitation, he was discharged from the cardiosclerosis
hospital in a satisfactory condition and registered C. Large-focal
for regular check-ups with his therapist. Two cardiosclerosis
years later he died in a car crash. What type of the D. C. Large-focal
pathological process was detected in his Hyperplasia cardiosclerosi
540. myocardium during the autopsy? E. Atrophy recurrent intramural myocardial infarction s
 A patient has gradually developed a skin plaque
on his face. In the center of this plaque there are
necrotic patch and an ulcer. Histopathological A. Sarcoma
analysis of the biopsy material reveals B. Papilloma skin plaque; necrotic patch and ulcer in
proliferation of atypical epithelial cells with a C. Trophic ulcer center; proliferation of atypical epithelial
large number of pathologic mitoses. What is the D. Fibroma cells with a large number of pathologic
541. most likely diagnosis? E. Skin cancer mitoses E. Skin cancer
Autopsy of the body of a 52- year-old man, who A. Septicopyemia
had a long history of tuberculous prostatitis and B. Secondary
died of meningoencephalitis, detected a large tuberculosis C.
number of dense gray nodules 0.5-1 mm in Macrofocal
diameter in the pia mater at the basal and lateral disseminated tuberculous prostatitis;
surfaces of the brain, spleen, kidneys, and liver. tuberculosis D. meningoencephalitis; large number of
Histologically, these nodules consist of Peracute dense gray nodules 0.5-1 mm in diameter
epithelioid, lymphoid, and a small number of tuberculous in pia mater and other organs; nodules
giant cells with horseshoe-shaped nuclei located sepsis consist of epithelioid, lymphoid, and giant D. Peracute
at the periphery of the cell. These changes E. Miliary cells with horseshoe-shaped nuclei tuberculous
542. indicate: tuberculosis located at periphery of cell sepsis
14 days after the recovery from tonsillitis, a A. Acute
15year-old teenager developed face edema in the glomerulonephritis
morning, high blood pressure, and urine B. Lipoid nephrosis
resembling ’’meat slops’.’ Immunohistochemistry C. Acute interstitial
of renal biopsy material revealed immune nephritis edema in morning, high blood pressure,
complex deposits on the capillary basement D. Acute urine resembling ’’meat slops"; immune A. Acute
membrane and in the glomerular mesangium. pyelonephritis E. complex deposits on capillary basement glomerulonep
543. What disease is it? Necrotic nephrosis membrane and in glomerular mesangium hritis
 A 40-year-old man, a butcher, died of sepsis. On
his right cheek there is a dense dark-red
coneshaped infiltration, 6 cm in size, with a black
scab in its center. The right half of his face and
neck
are markedly swollen and dense. In the A. Plague butcher, died of sepsis; dense dark-red
infiltration, microscopy detects a peracute B. Tularemia cone-shaped infiltration with a black scab
serohemorrhagic inflammation. Epidermis and its C. Phlegmon of the in its center; peracute serohemorrhagic
underlying layers are necrotic in the center of the neck D. inflammation; epidermis and its
infiltration. What diagnosis was made by the Anthrax underlying layers are necrotic in center of
544. pathologist? E. e. Furuncle infiltration D. Anthrax
A man, who died of internal bleeding A. Capillary
(hemoperitoneum), had a dark- red sponge-like hemangioma
node 15x10 cm in size in the subcapsular region B. Cavernous
of the liver. The node is clearly separated from the hemangioma hemoperitoneum; dark- red sponge-like
surrounding tissues. Microscopically, the node C. Lymphangioma node in liver; node is clearly separated
tissue consists of large vascular thin- walled D. Venous from the surrounding tissues, consists of
cavities, lined with endotheliocytes and filled with hemangioma large vascular thin- walled cavities, lined B. Cavernous
liquid or coagulated blood. What type of tumor is E. with endotheliocytes and filled with liquid hemangioma
545. it? Hemangiopericytoma or coagulated blood
Autopsy of the body of a woman with a history of A. Metabolic
chronic dysentery includes histology of the calcification
internal organs. Histologically, in the renal and B. Metastatic
myocardial stroma and parenchyma, gastric calcification chronic dysentery; renal and myocardial
mucosa, and pulmonary connective tissue there C. Dystrophic stroma and parenchyma, gastric mucosa,
are amorphous violet deposits that produce calcification and pulmonary connective tissue there are
positive Von Kossa reaction. What complication D. Hyalinosis amorphous violet deposits that produce E.
546. developed in this woman? E. Amyloidosis positive Von Kossa reaction Amyloidosis
 A 49-year-old woman had a long history of
chronic glomerulonephritis, of which she died.
Autopsy shows that her kidneys are 7x3x2.5 cm in
size, have weight of 65.0 g, are dense and finely
granular. Fibrinous inflammation of serous and A. Thrombocytopenia chronic glomerulonephritis; kidneys
mucous tunics, dystrophic degeneration of B. Sepsis reduced, dense and finely granular;
parenchymal organs, and cerebral edema were C. Uremia fibrinous inflammation of serous and
detected as well. What complication caused such D. Anemia mucous tunics, dystrophic degeneration of C. Uremia
547. changes in the serous tunics and internal organs? E. DIC syndrome parenchymal organs, cerebral edema
A 48-year-old man died with signs of heart
failure. Macroscopy of the heart shows that the
mitral valve cusps are dense, thickened, and mitral valve cusps are dense, thickened,
moderately deformed. Microscopically, the and moderately deformed; bundles of
bundles of collagen fibrils are homogenized, A. Fibrinoid swelling collagen fibrils are homogenized,
eosinophilic, and surrounded with slight B. Mucoid swelling eosinophilic, and surrounded with slight
macrophage infiltration; no metachromasia. Picro- C. Sclerosis macrophage infiltration; no
fuchsin staining reveals yellow foci. Diagnose the D. Hyalinosis metachromasia, picro-fuchsin staining A. Fibrinoid
548. type of connective tissue damage: E. Amyloidosis reveals yellow foci swelling
A 6-year-old child had acute onset of the disease
that started as catarrhal nasopharyngitis. 2 days
later the patient died. Autopsy of the body shows
markedly plethoric and swollen pia mater that is catarrhal nasopharyngitis; plethoric and
soaked with thick turbid yellow-green fluid. The A. Measles swollen pia mater, is soaked with thick
brain is swollen, the cerebellar tonsils are B. Pertussis turbid yellow-green fluid; brain swollen,
enlarged, and there is a dearly visible ligature C. Meningococcosis the cerebellar tonsils are enlarged, dearly C.
mark on the brain. The described changes are D. Diphtheria visible ligature mark on medulla Meningococc
549. characteristic of: E. Influenza oblongata osis
 A 7-year-old boy has a bright-pink punctate rash
against the background of hyperemia on his bright-pink punctate rash; hyperemia on
forehead, neck, lower abdomen, and in the forehead, neck, lower abdomen and in
popliteal spaces. His nasolabial triangle is pale. In A. Diphtheria popliteal spaces; nasolabial triangle is
the oropharynx there is a bright-red hyperemic B. Rubella C. pale; oropharynx bright-red hyperemic
area with clear margins, the tonsils are swollen Infectious area with clear margins, tonsils are
and friable, lacunas contain pus, the tongue is mononucleosis swollen and friable, lacunas contain pus,
raspberry pink. The cervical lymph nodes are D. Scarlet fever tongue is raspberry pink; cervical lymph D. Scarlet
550. enlarged and painful. Make the diagnosis: E. Pertussis nodes are enlarged and painful fever
After an out-of-hospital abortion, a woman
developed progressing purulent endomyometritis, A. Pulmonary sepsis
of which she died. Autopsy of the body revealed B. Septicopyemia progressing purulent endomyometritis;
numerous pulmonary abscesses, small subcapsular C. Septicemia numerous pulmonary abscesses, small B.
pustules in the kidneys, splenic hyperplasia. What D. Chroniosepsis subcapsular pustules in kidneys, splenic Septicopyemi
551. type of sepsis developed in the woman? E. Urosepsis hyperplasia a
A patient died with signs of heart failure. Autopsy
shows the following: postinfarction
cardiosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, and dilated
cardiac chambers. The liver is enlarged, has
smooth surface, is plethoric on section, covered in postinfarction cardiosclerosis, cardiac
dark red specks against the brown-tinted hypertrophy, dilated cardiac chambers;
background of the tissue. Histologically, the liver enlarged; smooth surface, is
central veins of the hepatic lobules are plethoric; A. Pseudonutmeg plethoric on section, covered in dark red
there is erythrocyte diapedesis into the liver specks against brown-tinted background
perivascular space. Central hepatocytes are B. Amyloidosis of tissue; central veins are plethoric;
dystrophic, while peripheral hepatocytes are C. Nutmeg liver erythrocyte diapedesis into perivascular
enlarged and affected by fatty degeneration. What D. Hepatic cirrhosis space; peripheral hepatocytes are enlarged C. Nutmeg
552. process occurred in the patient’s liver? E. Hepatic steatosis and affected by fatty degeneration liver
 Autopsy of the body revealed a large A. Gangrene
wedgeshaped patch of a dense dark red tissue B. Atelectasis C.
with clear margins in the upper lobe of the right Hemorrhagic
lung. Histological examination detected there infarction D. large wedge-shaped patch of dense dark
necrosis of the alveolar walls; the alveolar lumen Hemorrhage E. red tissue with clear margins in lung; C.
is tightly packed with erythrocytes. What process Carneous necrosis of alveolar walls; alveolar lumen Hemorrhagic
553. occurred in the lungs? degeneration is tightly packed with erythrocytes infarction

A. Portal hypertension
B. Acute left
ventricular failure C.
A patient who for a long time was suffering from Chronic right
rheumatism and had mitral stenosis died of' ventricular failure D.
cardiopulmonary failure. Autopsy revealed brown Chronic left ventricular D. Chronic
induration of the lungs. What circulatory disorder failure E. Acute right rheumatism, and had mitral stenosis; left ventricular
554. leads to such changes in the lungs? ventricular failure brown induration of lungs failure

A. Staphylococcal
pneumonia
B. Pneumococcal
pneumonia C.
Typhoid pneumonia
Microscopy of autopsy material detected that the D. Measles E. Influenza
alveolar lumens in the lungs are filled with pneumonia alveolar lumens in lungs are filled with virus
exudate, consisting mainly of erythrocytes. What E. Influenza virus exudate, consisting mainly of
555. is the most likely cause of this development? pneumonia erythrocytes pneumonia
 A. Hashimoto’s
thyroiditis (chronic
lymphocytic thyroiditis)
When examining a biopsy material obtained from B. Graves’ disease
the thyroid gland, the pathologist discovered (toxic diffuse goiter) C. A.
lymphocyte infiltration of the thyroid tissues and Papillary thyroid cancer Hashimoto’s
destruction of the parenchymal elements. Diffuse D. Undifferentiated lymphocyte infiltration of thyroid tissues thyroiditis
lymphocyte infiltration with lymphoid follicles thyroid carcinoma E. and destruction of parenchymal elements; (chronic
was detected in the stroma. What is the most Solid adenoma of the diffuse lymphocyte infiltration with lymphocytic
556. likely diagnosis? thyroid lymphoid follicles thyroiditis)
Autopsy of the body revealed waxy degeneration
of the rectus abdominis muscles. In the terminal A. Crohn’s disease B. waxy degeneration of rectus abdominis
segment of the small intestine there are ulcers 3-5 Nonspecific ulcerative muscles; ulcers in terminal segment of
cm in diameter. The ulcer walls are covered in a colitis small intestine; ulcer walls are covered in
crumbling grayish-yellow substance. The ulcer C. Typhoid fever crumbling grayish-yellow substance;
edges are moderately raised above the mucosa. D. Dysentery edges are moderately raised above C. Typhoid
557. Widal test is positive. Make the diagnosis: E. Relapsing fever mucosa fever

A biopsy material obtained from a mammary A. Adenofibroma

tumor has solid layers that consist of small B. Adenoma C. tumor has solid layers that consist of
epithelial cells with polymorphic nuclei and Medullary small epithelial cells with
numerous pathological mitoses. The stroma is carcinoma polymorphic nuclei and numerous
scant and has lymphocyte infiltration. Make the D. Paget disease E. pathological C. Medullary
558. diagnosis: Scirrhous carcinoma mitoses; stroma is scant carcinoma
 Autopsy of the body of an 18-year-old young man
shows that the spleen weight is 580 grams, it is
dark-red on section, spleen pulp easily scrapes off. A. Cyanotic spleen enlarged, dark-red on section,
Histologically, there is marked proliferation of B. Leukemia spleen pulp easily scrapes off; marked
reticular cells and a large number of mature C. Sago proliferation of reticular cells and large
neutrophils in the sinusoidal capillaries. In this D. Porphyric number of mature neutrophils in the
559. case the spleen can be described as: E. Septic sinusoidal capillaries E. Septic
A. Pyelectasis
Section shows significant enlargement of the B. Renal cyst C.
patient’s right kidney. There is a nephrolith at the Hydronephrosis
place of incision. Renal pelvic lumen is distended D. significant enlargement of kidney;
with accumulating urine. Renal parenchyma is Hydroureteronephrosi nephrolithiasis; renal pelvic lumen is C.
substantially thinned out. What is the most correct s distended with accumulating urine; Hydronephros
560. diagnosis? E. Nephroblastoma parenchyma is substantially thinned out is
A. Budd-Chiari
syndrome
B. Hepatolienal
syndrome
A patient has ascites, his spleen is double the C. Portal
normal size, he has esophageal and rectal varices. hypertension D.
Histology of the biopsy material obtained from Hepatocellular ascites, spleen is double normal size;
the liver revealed micronodular cirrhosis. What dysfunction E. Heart esophageal and rectal varices; C. Portal
561. complicated the hepatic cirrhosis in this case? failure micronodular cirrhosis of liver hypertension
 A. Endocarditis
ulceropolyposa B.
Recurrent
verrucous endocarditis
C. Fibroblastic
Autopsy of the body revealed large (1- 2 cm) endocarditis
brown-red deposits on the external surface of the D. Diffuse A.
aortic valve. The deposits cover ulcers and endocarditis large brown-red deposits on external Endocarditis
crumble easily. What disease can be suspected in E. Acute verrucous surface of aortic valve; deposits cover ulceropolypos
562. this case? endocarditis ulcers and crumble easily a
A 29-year-old man complains of headache,
swelling, weight gain, low urine output, and
marked weakness. Laboratory testing revealed A. Acromegalia
increased concentration of TSH. The levels of B. Glomerulonephritis
estrogen, growth hormone, glucose, urea, and C. Alimentary obesity E.
creatinine are normal. What medical condition D. Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidi
563. corresponds with these signs? E. Hyperthyroidism increased concentration of TSH sm