SECOND GRADING NAME:

______________________________
TLE 7 CONTACT NUMBER:
____________________

Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Second Grading Learning Module

PLUMBING
EXPLORATORY COURSE
Grade 7

SIR JELO ALVAREZ

09107126221
Email: jeloalvarez04@gmail.com
 Welcome to the world of Plumbing!
This Module is an exploratory and introductory course on Plumbing which leads
you to Plumbing National Certificate Level I ( NC I)1. It covers 5 basic
competencies in Plumbing that a Grade 7 Technology and Livelihood Education (
TLE) student like you ought to possess, namely:

1) Prepare plumbing materials and tools;

2) Perform mensuration and calculation;
3) Interpret Technical Drawings and Plans;
4) Maintain tools and equipment; and
5) Practice occupational health and safety procedures

These 5 common competencies are covered separately in 5 Lessons. As shown

below, each lesson is directed to the attainment of one or more learning outcomes:

Lesson 1: Prepare Plumbing Materials and Tools

LO 1. Identify and select materials and tools
LO 2. Request appropriate materials and tools.
LO 3. Receive and inspect materials and tools.

Lesson 2: Perform Mensuration and Calculation

LO 1. Select measuring instrument.
LO 2. Carry out mensuration and calculation.

Lesson 3 : Interpret Technical Drawings and Plans

LO1 Analyze signs, symbols and data.
LO 2. Interpret technical drawing.
LO 3 Apply free hand drawing.

Lesson 4: Maintain Tools and Equipment

LO 1. Check condition of tools and equipment.
LO 2. Perform basic preventive maintenance.
LO 3. Store tools and equipment.

Lesson 5 : Practice Occupational Health and Safety Procedures

LO 1. Identify hazards and risks.
LO 2. Evaluate hazards and risks.
LO 3. Control hazards and risks.

2
 LESSON 1

Pipe is a long hollow cylinder used chiefly to convey fluid.

Material is the stuff from which a thing is made of or consisting of matter.

Requisition form is a form requesting materials and supplies needed for making a
project
.
Specification is the description involving measurements like volume, board feet,
quality, trademark manufacturer etc.

Tools is anything which is held by hands and assists a person to do

manual work.

3
Direction: Identify the following materials and tools used in plumbing. Choose your
answer from the given in the box.

Steel Square Hack Saw Cross-Cut Saw Pipe Cutter

Pipe Threader Pipe Reamer Spirit Level Plumb Bob

Clamps Bench Vise Pipe Wrench Pipe Vise

1. 2.

_______________________ _______________________

3. 4.

_______________________ _______________________

5. 6.

_______________________ _______________________

7. 8.

_______________________ _______________________

9. 10.

_______________________ _______________________

4
 Plumbing Materials and Tools

1. Plumbing Materials

 Steel Pipe Characteristics

Steel piping is designed for a long list of applications. Steel piping has gained
popularity in the petroleum, oil, automobile, shipping and food industries because of
its durability and versatility. Schools, hospitals and refineries also widely employ steel piping.

1. Facts

o Steel piping can be engineered to any height and strength and is easily
modified on-site. There remains a variety of types of steel piping on the
market. Common types of steel pipe include standard steel pipe, line steel
pipe, structural steel pipe and plumbing tubes. Steel is ductile, bending rather
than breaking in the presence of excessive stress. Steel will not morph or
lose its strength as time passes. Also, steel is naturally resistant to rot.

Applications
o Line steel pipes are used to transport liquids and gases that are combustible.
Standard steel pipes are used for transporting water, natural gas or steam.
Structural steel pipes are often used for drainage piping. Plumbing tubes
made of steel are used to move potable water or waterborne waste removal.

Properties
o Line steel pipes are galvanized, giving the piping corrosion-resistant properties.
Standard steel pipes are fabricated to a diameter no greater than 16 inches,
according to Steel Pipes & Tubing. Structural steel tubes are constructed into either
square or circular shapes. Plumbing tubes are often fabricated thinner than other
types of steel pipes to allow for easier soldering.

5
 Different Types of Pipes

PVC PIPE -refers to Poly Vinyl Chloride Plastic material. This is the most common pipe for
plumbing system.
PE PIPE -refers to Polyethylene Plastic material intended for long span water system
installation.
CI PIPE -is a heavy metal made of casting on molds to make fixtures. such as sink, tubs and
lavatories, covered with a porcelain enamel coating.
GI PIPE -is a galvanized iron pipe which is better fitted for plumbing installation than steel pipe.
It is constructed of rough iron, dipped in molten zinc and maybe identified by its dull
grayish color
SOLVENT -is an adhesive material usually used externally.
TEFLON TAPE -is specifically used for attachment threaded pipe on fittings.
ABS CLEANER AND CEMENT -is an adhesive material used by a plumbean when working
with ABS pipes.
FITTINGS -are made in different forms that are intended for plumbing joints and connections.
FAUCET -is a point of installation system where flow of water or gas could be manipulated.
MSS-refers to Manufacturer’s Standardization Society.
NIPPLE -is a short length of pipe installed between couplings or other fittings.
ADAPTOR/ADAPTER-is fittings that joints two different types of pipes together, such as ABS
to cast iron or threaded to non- threaded.

2. FITTINGS – are any pipe part used to join two sections of pipes.

Characteristics of Stainless Steel Pipe Fittings

Stainless steel pipe fittings is an alloy based on iron, which combines together
the mechanical properties of steels and some specific features of corrosion resistance.
These alloys are also liable to tarnish.

This means that they have the possibility to passivate, that means to get
covered with an invisible layer of oxides that protects the underlying metal from
corrosive attacks. stainless steel pipe fittings is the name given to a type of steel with
high chromium contents that thanks to this feature does not rust when exposed to water
and air. They are a very important class of steels, used in countless applications. In fact,
nowadays both stainless steel pipe fittings furniture and construction machinery are very
popular.

The discovery of this type of steel is due to Harry Brearly, who while was
experimenting with various types of alloys for the reeds of guns, noticed that a type of
steel with a certain percentage of chromium did not get rusted when exposed to the
atmosphere. Later this property was explained by the passivation of chromium, which
forms a very thin oxide film on the surface, continuous and stable. The following
progresses in metallurgy between the forty and the sixty have extended their
development and their applications. They are still refined and adapted to the demands of
various industries such as oil/petrochemical, mining, energy, nuclear and food industries.
Stainless steel pipe fittings is still refined and adapted to the demands of various
industries like petroleum, petrochemical, mining, energy, nuclear, food and obviously
building. A lot of machines are built with parts made of steel, from pipes to sheet to steel
trolleys.

6
 TYPES of FITTINGS

COPPER SUPPLY

GALVANIZED SUPPLY

PLASTIC SUPPLY

 FIXTURES
Plumbing Fixture
A plumbing fixture is an exchangeable device which can be connected to an
existing plumbing system to deliver and drain away water but which is also configured to
enable a particular use.
The most common plumbing fixtures are:

 Bathtubs
 Bidets
 Channel drains (also called trench drains)
 Drinking fountains
 Hose bibbs (connections for water hoses)
 Kitchen sinks
 Lavatories (also called bathroom sinks)
 Showers
 Tapware - an industry term for that sub-category of plumbing
fixtures consisting of tap valves, also called water taps
or faucets and their accessories, such as water spouts
and shower heads.
 Terminal valves for dishwashers, ice makers, humidifiers, etc.
 Urinals
 Utility sinks
 Water closets- (known as toilets in the USA, loos, flush
7
 toilets or lavatories in Britain)

Outlets and drains

Each of these plumbing fixtures has one or more water
outlets and a drain. In some cases, the drain has a device that
can be manipulated to block the drain to fill the basin of the
fixture. Each fixture also has a flood rim, or level at which water
will begin to overflow. Most fixtures also have an overflow, which
is a conduit for water to drain away, when the regular drain is
plugged, before the water actually overflows at the flood rim level.
However, water closets and showers (that are not in bathtubs)
usually lack this feature because their drains normally cannot be
stopped.

Each fixture usually has a characteristic means of connection. Normal plumbing

practice is to install a valve on each water supply line before the fixture, and this is most
commonly termed a stop or "service valve". The water supply to some fixtures is cold
water only (such as water closets and urinals). Most fixtures also have a hot water
supply. In some occasional cases, a sink may have both a potable (drinkable) and a
non- potable water supply.

Traps and vents

This drain cover has a container underneath

(which can be taken out for cleaning and revealing
another container below) acting as a trap. Water inside
the container forms a seal when the cover is in place.
Positive air pressure will push the cover up, acting as
an early warning device. The underside of the cover
(centre image) is kept moist by condensation occurring
and insects that go back up the drain pipe get stuck to
the walls of the cover.

All plumbing fixtures have traps in their drains; these traps are either internal or external
to the fixtures. Traps are pipes which curve down then back up; they 'trap' a small
amount of water to create a water seal between the ambient air space and the inside of
the drain system. This prevents sewer gas from entering buildings.
Most water closets, bidets, and many urinals have the trap integral with the fixture itself.
The visible water surface in a toilet is the top of the trap's water seal.
Each fixture drain, with exceptions, must be vented so that negative air pressure in the
drain cannot siphon the trap dry, to prevent positive air pressure in the sewer from
forcing gases past the water seal, and to prevent explosive sewer gas buildup.
Drains The actual initial drain part in a lavatory or sink is termed a strainer. If there is
a removable strainer device that fits into the fixed strainer, it is termed a strainer basket.
The initial pipe that leads from the strainer to the trap is termed the tailpiece.

Floor-mounted water closets seal to the toilet flange of the drain pipe by means
of a wax ring. These are traditionally made out of beeswax. However, their proper
sealing depends on proper seating of the water closet, on a firm and secure base
(floor), and on proper installation of the closet bolts which secure the closet to the flange,
which is in turn supposed to be securely fastened to the floor.

PLASTIC DRAIN PEX

8
 PLUMBING TOOLS

MEASURING TOOLS- is the activity of obtaining and comparing physical quantities of

real-world objects and events. Established standard objects and events are used as
units, and the process of measurement gives a number relating the item under study and
the referenced unit of measurement.

L-SQUARE/STEEL SQUARE TRY SQUARE PUSH-PULL RULE

CUTTING TOOLS- is any tool that is used to remove material from the workpiece by
means of shear deformation. Cutting may be accomplished by single-point or multipoint
tools. Single-point tools are used in turning, shaping, plaining and similar operations, and
remove material by means of one cutting edge. Milling and drilling tools are often
multipoint tools. Grinding tools are also multipoint tools.

HACK SAW CROSS CUT SAW PIPE REAMER

PIPE THREADER
PIPE CUTTER

BORING TOOLS-boring is the process of enlarging a hole that has already

been drilled (or cast), by means of a single-point cutting tool, for example as
in boring a cannon barrel. Boring is used to achieve greater accuracy of the
diameter of a hole, and can be used to cut a tapered hole.

ELECTRICAL
AUGER BRACE WITH BITS
HAMMER DRILL DRILL

TESTING TOOLS-used in finding out how

9
 well the finished work.

DRIVING TOOLS-driving tools help hand tools and power tools work together,
especially important for the variety of drilling tasks that get done in
woodworking.

SLEDGER HAMMER | CLAW HAMMER | CROW BAR

DRILL PRESS SCREW DRIVER

HOLDING TOOLS-Tool for holding firmly any material that has to be cut.

ADJUSTABLE WRENCH CLAMP BENCH VISE

PIPE VISE ADJUSTABLE WRENCH

Activity 1

A. Directions: Look at the Table below, from the list the appropriate
plumbing materials and tools for each of the following activities.

10
 1. Plastic Pipe 11. Pipe Reamer

2. Elbows 12. Threader

3. Fittings 13. L – Square

4. Wrench 14. Water hose

5. Floor drain 15. Auger Brace and Bits

6. Metal Pipes 16. Sledge hammer

7. Couplings 17. Screw driver

8. Faucet 18. Lavatory

9. Telephone shower 19. Cross-Cut Saw

10.Hack saw 20. Clamps

1. Cutting pipes - _____________________________________________

2. Measuring the bend angle of pipes - _____________________________
3. Threading pipes - ___________________________________________
4. Testing the levelness of installed pipes - __________________________
5. Connecting two pipes - ________________________________________

B. Directions: according to classifications, identify the following plumbing tools.

1. 2. 3.
_________________ _________________ _________________

4. 5.

_________________ _________________

Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest and relax

a while then move on to the next lesson. Good luck!

11
 LESSON 2

Accuracy -means correctness, exactness, precision.

Area -is any of space especially of ground or surface that is distinguishable from its
surrounding in appearance or in certain distinctive features
Clearance - is the space, allowance or gap between working part of an object.
English System -is the old way of measurement that replaced the metric system.
Height -may be used with reference whether high or low by a standard of companion.
Instrument - is a device that measures or controls something.

Length - refers to how long an object is

Measurement - refers to the size, length, quantity or rate of something that has been measured.
Mensuration```` -the calculation of geometric quantities such as length, area and
volume from dimensions and angles that are already known.
Metric System -is the System of measurement which uses 10 as its multiple in all
its conversion is it in distance, volume, weight etc.
PPE - is an acronym that stands for Personal Protective Equipment
Pressure - is the force acting on a surface divided by the area over which it acts.
Volume -refers to the magnitude size intent, dimension, areas, and bulk,
mass the total amount of something.
Weight -refers to the total quality of heaviness and things determined by
their mass or control acts efforts to lift or move them.

12 inch 3 ft

12
 Proper Handling of Measuring Instruments
How to Handle Measuring Tool

Each measuring tool has its specific way of handling. This must be followed by
every student user to maintain its usefulness. Listed below are some of the measuring
tools, there are also safety measures to be observed in handling each tool.

Measuring Tools:

Inside Caliper is adjusted by rotating the screw to measure holes and diameters

Avoid using tip of the inside caliper to open the cover of any can. Avoid dropping it to
maintain its accuracy in taking measurements.

Outside Caliper is a tool used to measure the external size of an object

Outside Caliper is a tool used to

Steel Square is a tool that a carpenter and other tradesman use. It consists of a large arm and a
smaller arm which meet at an angle of 90˚.Today the steel square is more commonly referred to
as the framing square.

Hold the tool firmly and cautiously. See to it that it won’t drop. It has a sharp pointed end and
dangerous.

TRY SQUARE is a wood working or a metal working tool used for marking/measuring a piece of
wood. It is primarily used to measure the accuracy of right angle (90˚ degrees) tried on any
surface so as to check its straightness or correspondence to an adjoining surface.

Hold the try-square properly to maintain its straight edges which are used to get the desired
angle. Don‟t use it for other purposes. Put it in its proper place.

PULL PUSH RULE (Tape Measure) is a flexible tape measure available in lengths up to 50 feet.
Other tapes that are 12 to 25 feet are usually considered adequate. Most tapes have an automatic
power return that is useful but not necessary.

Hold the tip of the pull push rule when removing it from its housing. Put it slowly to avoid cut from
the steel tape.

13
 Activity 2

I. Matching Type: Match the definition in Column A with the term Column B.
COLUMN A COLUMN B

a. Outside Caliper
1. A tool used to measure the outside diameter of a pipe. _______
b. L-Square
2. A tool which is made up of steel having divisions in metric
system used for layout. _______ c. Pull Push Rule
3. A measuring tools used to measure the inside diameters or d. Try Square
width of pipe and slots. _______ e. Inside Caliper
4. A tool intended to measure the angle, if necessary. _______
5. A tool used to measure the length of a pipe. _______

II. Directions: On a blank sheet. Write T if the statement is true and F

if the statement is false.
1. The steel tape in the housing of pull push rule should be avoided.
2. It is safe to bend a try square.
3. Any user can keep the tools at any place.
4. Holding the outside caliper tightly make difficult adjustments.
5. To get the desired data measuring tools should be handled properly.

Metric System
10 millimeter – 1 centimeter
10 centimeter – 1 decimeter
10 decimeter – 1 meter

English System
12 inches – 1 foot
3 feet - 1 yard

Metric –
English
1 millimeter – 0.03993 inches
1 inch – 2.54 centimeter
1 foot – 0.3048 millimeter
1 yard – 0.9144 millimeter

III. Using the given conversion table above solve for the desire units.

1. 64 cm ------------------- inches

2. 2. 59 yards ------------ feet

3. 95.5 dm ---------------- meter

Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest and relax

a while then move on to the next lesson. Good luck!

14
 LESSON 3

3 3
0 0
a

bas
e

CONE PYRAMID

Analyze – to examine something in great detail in order to understand it better or

Block Diagram – showing the basic form or lay-out of plumbing diagram in block form labeled
Blueprint – a photographic print of technical drawing with white lines and blue backgrounds.
Construct – to build or assemble something by putting together separate parts in an
Data – factual information obtain from experiments or survey. Basis for making calculation
Dimension – measurement of one or more direction such as length, width, and
height. discover more about it.
Electrical – involving electric cables or circuits powered by electricity.
Interpret – to ascribe particular meaning of significance to something.
Mechanical – a system involving the pipe lines, and mechanical component
of or drawing conclusions.
Pictorial Diagram – showing the basic form or lay-out of pictures of actual component.
Plan – method of doing something that is work out in advance.
Refrigeration and Air conditioning technology.
Schematic Diagram – showing the basic form or lay-out of plumbing symbols.
Sign – something that indicates the rule to follow.
Symbol – something that represents abstraction with the names of plumbing components.

15
 In sketching orthographic drawing, certain conventional lines are used for a
definite purpose. These lines are commonly called Alphabet of Lines.

USES OF ALPHABET OF LINES

Construction line Very light line used to “block in” an object. These lines are
made so light that little or no erasing is needed. They
serve as base for darkening in the permanent line
Borderline Heavy, solid line used to frame in the drawing
Visible line A medium line used to show edges and contours not visible
to the eye.
Invisible line A medium line used to show edges and contours not visible
to the eye.
Centerline A light line used as axis of symmetry. Used for center of
circle and arcs. Sometimes the symbol is shown
Dimension line Light thin lines used to show the sizes of the object.
Extension lights start about 1/16” from visible or object line.
The dimension line is broken near the center for the
dimension.
Long break line Wavy line draws freehand for same purpose as long break.

PLUMBING PARTS AND FITTINGS WITH SYMBOLS

16
 Activity 3

A. True or False.
Directions: Write letter T if the statement is true, and letter F, if it’s false.

1. Blueprint is a framework gives you a solid foundation to build your

project on top of, with an easy-to-use grid, sensible typography, useful plug-in, and
even a style sheet for printing.

2. Mechanical Plan is a drawing done to scale using

specialized instruments showing the actual part of an object.

3. Electrical Plan is a drawing done to scale using

specialized instruments.

4.Sign and Symbol is very much important to plan of the worker.

5.Schematic Diagram is the design that follows of the technician

when there is a problem encounter.

B. Matching Type.
Directions: Match column A to column B.

Column A Column B
1. Long break line a. Very light line used to “block in” an object. These
lines are made so light that little or no erasing is
needed. They serve as base for darkening in the
permanent line
2. Dimension line b. Heavy, solid line used to frame in the drawing
3. Centerline c. A medium line used to show edges
and contours visible to the eye.
4. Invisible line d. A medium line used to show edges
and contours not visible to the eye.
5. Visible line e. A light line used as axis of symmetry.
Used for center of circle and arcs.
Sometimes the symbol is shown

6. Borderline f. Light thin lines used to show the sizes of the

object. Extension lights start about 1/16” from
visible or object line. The dimension line is

broken near the center for the dimension.

7. Construction line g. Wavy line draws freehand for the same purpose
as long break.

Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest and relax a

while then move on to the next lesson. Good luck!

17
 LESSON 4

Condemned Unfunctional tools or equipment that are to be disposed

Dull Unsharpened cutting and tools.
Equipment A power tool usually run by motor.
Grind to wear down, polish, or sharpen by friction.
Lubricant A good solvent cleaner
Maintenance The act of keeping tools and equipment in good working
condition.
P.P.E Personal Protective Equipment
Repair The process of fixing tool or equipment to make it serviceable
again.
Sharpening the process of sharpening of tools cutting edge or fine point
Solvent A substance, usually a liquid, capable of dissolving another
substance

18
 CLASSIFICATION OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

COLD CHISEL is a tool made from hexagon or octagon-shaped steel and is commonly
called cold chisel steel. Its convenient size is for handling. One end is shaped for
cutting operations.

ELECTRIC DRILL is a power tool that rotates a replaced drill bit to make a hole in
wood, plastic or metal. Alternately, a screw driver tip can be installed
to turn screw.

HAND DRILL is a tool used with drills or bits found around the tang. The tang is the
end of the bit of which is held in the brace.

CUTTING TOOLS
CROSSCUT SAW is a type of cutting tool used to cut the grain of the wood.

HACKSAW is a tool used for cutting metal, plastic or pipe.

19
 PIPE CUTTER is a tool used for cutting pipe and tube.

PIPE REAMER is a tool used for cleaning the inside portion of the pipe and tube to
remove the burst and chips.

PIPE THREAD is a tool used for threading the pipe.

DRIVING TOOLS

CLAW HAMMER is a tool used for pulling and driving the nails from some other object.
Generally, a hammer is associated with woodworking but is not limited to use for any
purpose.

CROW BAR is a tool consisting of a metal bar with a single curved end and
flattened points, often with a small fissure on one or both ends for removing
nails.

SCREW DRIVER is a tool used to insert and tighten, or to loosen and remove screw.
The screw driver comprises a head or tip which engages with a screw, a mechanism to
apply torque by rotating the tip, and some way to position and support screw driver.

20
 (Screw drives types: Triple Square, Spanner head, Torque, Tri wing,
Robertson, Hex Allen, Torx, Pozidive, Crosshead, Flat)
HOLDING TOOLS
ADJUSTABLE SPANNER/WRENCH, ADJUSTABLE ANGLE HEAD WRENCH is
a tool which can be used to loosen and tighten a nut or bolt. It has a “jaw” of
adjustable-size, which allows different sizes of nut and bolt.

BASIN WRENCH is a specialized tool which allows one to reach tight spot under sink
and basin. The jaw of the basin wrench can not only be adjusted to accommodate nuts
of different sizes, but it can also be flipped o v e r the opposite side to keep it turning
without removing the wrench

BENCH VISE is a tool with a mechanical screw apparatus used for holding or clamping
a work piece to allow work to be performed on it which uses an anchor. Bench
vise or vice has one fixed jaw and another, parallel, jaw which is moved towards
or away from the fixed jaw by the screw.

CLAMP is a tool used to grip and hold an object firmly such as wood, paper, plastic and
some metals for a short period time.

PIPE WRENCH OR STILLSON WRENCH is an adjustable wrench used for turning

soft iron pipes fittings with a rounded surface. The design of the adjustable jaw allows
it to rock in the frame such that any forward pressure on the handle tends to pull the
jaw tighter together.

21
TESTING TOOLS
PLUMB BOB OR PLUMMET is a tool used
for testing and surveying to position a point
on the ground that is not readily visible. Plumb
bob is a weight wit h a pointed tip at the bottom
that is suspended from a string and used as a
vertical reference line.

CARPENTERS’ SQUARE –
a steel square used by
carpenters; larger than a try
square. Square-a hand tool
consisting of two straight arms at
right angles.

CLASSIFICATION OF LUBRICANTS

Before using the tools and equipment in the installation of pipes, you have to know first the
types of lubricants to be used. In this manner, you can prevent rusting and malfunctioning of
the tools and equipment.

There are four types of lubricants and these are liquid including emulsion and suspension,
solid, grease, and paste.

Liquid lubricants – are known as lanolin natural water repellent lanolin which is derived from
wool grease and is a safe alternative to the more common petrochemical based lubricants.
These lubricants are also preventive agents against inhibitors such as rust, salt and acids.

Water can also be used on its own or as a major component with one of the other base oils.

Mineral oil is used to encompass lubricating base oil derived from crude oil.

Vegetable oil is primarily triglyceride esters derived from plants and animals.

22
Purpose of Lubricating

Here are the advantages of lubricating the tools and equipment:

 Keeps moving parts apart.
 Reduces friction.
 Transfers heat.
 Carries away contaminant and debris.
 Transmits power.
 Protects against wear.
 Prevents corrosion.

GENERAL SAFETY IN THE WORKING AREA

General Safety Practices

Safety practices are an important component in performing one’s job in order to

prevent accidents. In relation to this, safe work habits acquired now will be useful in
years to come. The following are reminders that will guide you in practicing safety
measures in the working area.

1. Always think “safety first” before performing an operation.

2. Wear safety goggles, or a face shield in the danger zones or in
other designed area.
3. Report even the slightest injury; small cuts or other minor
injuries may become serious if left unattended. Inform your
teacher immediately.
4. Notify your teacher of any unsafe conditions observed. This
may include such things as dull tools and frayed electrical cords.
5. Keep the floor clear of scraps of materials.

6. Place clamped stock so it will not fall. Make sure the clamps do
not extend into pathways.
7. Place all used rags in a metal fireproof container.
8. Close vise handle so they do not protrude into the aisles.
However, do not tighten them.
9. Stay alert! Keep your mind on the operation of the machine all the
time. Do not talk to anyone while operating machine.

10. Ask for assistance prior to the cutting long or heavy

piece.
11. Wear safe clothing. Make sure you button your shirt,
and wear your shoes or sneakers. Do not wear jewelry.
If you have long hair tie it back.
12. Respect the right of others and their property.
13. Wear ear protection when operating tools with high
noise levels.
14. Be sure everyone is out of danger zone around a
machine before beginning an operation.
15. Ask your teacher for permission before using machines.

23
 Activity 4

I. Directions: Given the choices below, identify the following tools and equipment
used in plumbing. Write your answer before the number.

PLUMB BOB OR PLUMMET CROW BAR

CLAW HAMMER ELECTRIC DRILL
PIPE REAMER COLD CHISEL
CLAMP BENCH VISE
BASIN WRENCH HACK SAW

1. It is a tool used for testing and surveying to position a point on the ground that is
not readily visible.
2. It is a tool consisting of a metal bar with a single curved end and flattened points.
3. It is a tool used for pulling and driving the nails from some other object.
4. It is a specialized tool which allows one to reach tight spot under sink and basin.

5. It is a tool used for cleaning the inside portion of the pipe and tube to remove
the burst and chips.
6. It is a tool made from hexagon or octagon-shaped steel and is commonly called cold
chisel steel.
7. It is a tool used to grip and hold an object firmly such as wood, paper, plastic, and some
metals for a short period time.
8. It is a tool with a mechanical screw apparatus used for holding or clamping a
work piece to allow work to be performed on it using anchor.
9. It is a power tool that rotates a replaced drill bit to make a hole in wood,
plastic or metal.
10. It is a tool used for cutting metal, plastic or pipe.

GENERAL SAFETY IN THE WORKING AREA

II. Directions: Write T if the statement is true and F if it is false.

1. Safety goggles must be worn anytime the power tools are being used
in the work area.
2. Ear protection should be worn when operating tools with high noise level.
3. Loose clothing should be worn around when operating power tools.
4.The pockets of pants are designed to carry sharp tools to prevent
damage to the cutting edge.
5. The dust collection system is a large vacuum that should only be
operated at clean-up time.
6. Certain glues and most finishes are toxic. Prolonged exposure to their
fumes should be avoided.
7. Used rags should be placed in the metal container except when in use.
8. Tools should be returned to their storage location after use.
9.When debris accumulates on the floor. It should be put into the trash container.
10. Mirror cuts and splinters need not be reported to the teacher.

Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest and relax a

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 while then move on to the next lesson. Good luck!

LESSON 5

Accident -is an event occurring unintentionally or by chance.

Control -means to direct or determine.

Hazard -is a source of danger.

Occupation -is an activity in which one is engaged in.

OHSP -Occupational Health and Safety Procedures

PPE -Personal Protective Equipment

Safety -state of being out danger, uninjured, not involving risk

Threshold -starting point, bar stone or wood forming bottom of doorway

Toxic -deadly, harmful and poisonous

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 Hazards and Risks Identification and Control

 Requirements in Conducting/Identifying Hazards

-Survey the workplace to identify hazards. This survey must be in writing

and must be available to all workers
- Determine whether any hazard requires Personal Protective Equipment
- Pay special attention to working conditions or process that can
produce hazards.
- Reassess hazards whenever necessary, especially when new equipment
is installed, to avoid accidents.
Any reassessment must be written and must be available to workers upon request.

HAZARD, RISK AND EXPOSURE IN THE WORKPLACE

Plumbing works covers with a lot of activities to be done in the different

workplace. While performing these activities we expose ourselves to a lot of risk.
Workplace hazard is a major cause of accident, injury, or harm to a worker who performs
such task. These hazards should be the major concern of all who are involved in a
certain job or work.
It is important to distinguish hazard, risk and exposure when undertaking risk management.
o Hazard is the potential for harm, or adverse effect on an employee’s health.
Anything which may cause injury or ill health to anyone at or near a workplace is
a hazard.
o Risk is the likelihood that a hazard will cause injury or ill health to anyone at or
near a workplace. The level of risk increases with the severity of the hazard and
the duration and frequency of exposure.
o Exposure occurs when a person comes into contact with a hazard.

Types of Hazard
Hazards are classified into five different types. They are:
1. Physical - includes floors, stairs, work platforms, steps, ladders, fire, falling
objects, slippery surfaces, manual handling (lifting, pushing, pulling), excessively
loud and prolonged noise, vibration, heat and cold, radiation, poor lighting,
ventilation, air quality
2. Mechanical and/or electrical - includes electricity, machinery, equipment,
pressure vessels, dangerous goods, fork lifts, cranes, hoists
3. Chemical - includes chemical substances such as acids or poisons and those
that could lead to fire or explosion, like pesticides, herbicides, cleaning agents,
dusts and fumes from various processes such as welding
4. Biological - includes bacteria, viruses, mold, mildew, insects, vermin, animals

5. Psychosocial environment - includes workplace stressors arising from a variety

of sources.

Emergency procedures regarding safety working environment

1. Identify the potential emergencies.
The emergencies that may occur on plumbing site could include:
a. Fire f. chemical exposure
b. Flood g. injuries
c. Typhoon h. illness and
d. machinery entrapment i. accidents
e. electrical shock

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 2. Provide emergency facilities appropriate for the sorts of emergencies that might
occur on the farm (e.g. deluge showers, eye washes, firefighting equipment, first aid
kits).
3. Make sure that the correct equipment is available to contain and handle any
chemical or other dangerous materials spills that might happen.
4. To help minimize the risk of personal injury or property damage in the event of an
emergency, people working on and visiting the farm need to know and understand
the emergency procedures and their responsibilities.
5. Instruct everyone working on the farm in the emergency response procedures
6. Everyone should know the location of fire alarms, fire extinguishers and first aid kits; how and

WORKING CONDITIONS THAT CAN PRODUCE HAZARDS

1. Falling objects 5. Heat

2. Objects that can puncture skin 6. Harmful Dust
3. Objects that could roll over worker’s feet 7. Radiation
4. Toxic chemicals

Signs and their location:

1. Danger Signs -are used only where immediate hazards exist. They are printed in
red as the predominating color.
2. Caution Signs -are used to warn against potential hazards.
3. Exit Signs -are printed in legible red letters for exits.
4. Safety Instructions Signs
5. Accidental Prevention Tags - are used as temporary means of warning to
existing hazards, such as defection, tools and equipment.
6. Barricades -are used for protection of employees

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Here are the types of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) use for
safety purposes:

A. Face protection
Goggles and face protection must be used
when workers are at risk from flying particles, liquid
chemicals, acids or caustic liquids and chemical
gases. Various goggles for face protection must meet
certain design criteria for safety.

B. Foot Protection
Safety shoes with impact protection are used in work areas
where heavy objects or tools could be accidentally dropped on
the feet. Safety shoes with puncture protection are required
when working around nails, wire tacks, scrap metals and other
objects that could fierce the feet.

C. Hand Protection
Gloves are required to protect the hands of workers from cuts,
scrapes, punctures, burns, chemical absorption, and exhaust
temperatures. It is crucial that the type of glove being used is
the right one for the job.

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 D. Hearing Protection
Appropriate ear muffs or ear plugs must be made available as a
last resort if it is not possible to make the workplace less noisy. The
requirement is a small part of the occupational noise exposure
standard which requires employers to ensure that workers are
exposed to less than 90 decibels of noise over an 8 hour period.

E. Respirators
Appropriate respirators must be worn as a last resort if it is
not possible to ventilate the work area properly.

Occupation Health and Safety (OHS) Procedures for controlling hazards and risks.

1. Conduct a hazard assessment like;

 Survey workplace to identify hazards (put them in writing)

 Determine whether any hazard required Personal Protective Equipment.
 Pay attention to working conditions that can produce hazards
 Reassess hazards whenever necessary, especially when new equipment is
installed

2. Select appropriate equipment;

Ensure that all Personal Protective Equipment

used is the right kind of equipment for the job,
and is maintained properly

1. Have knowledge on the following:

 Which PPE is necessary

 How to identify if it fits properly
 How to put on, remove, adjust and wear Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
 How to dispose of Personal Protective Equipment(PPE)
 The limitation of using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Procedure in dealing with workplace, accidents, fire and Emergencies

PROCEDURES:

A. DEALING WITH ACCIDENTS

1. Keep calm, don’t panic and study the situation.
2. Report immediately to your teacher
3. Apply first aid to the victim while waiting for a nurse or a physician
4. Bring the patient to the nearest clinic or hospital

B. DEALING WITH FIRE

1. Do not panic, stay calm.
2. Call the attention of everybody.
3. Use your firefighting equipment to control extinguish the fire.
4. Call the office or the fire station

C. DEALING WITH EMERGENCIES

1. Stay calm and study the situation.
2. Call the attention of your teacher.

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 Activity 5

A. Directions: Write the letter of your choice on the space provided.

1. Your employer must conduct a hazard assessment in order to .

a) avoid accident b. promote accident c. eliminates workers
2. OSH means .
a) Occupational Service Healthy b. Occupational Safe and Healthy c. Occupational Safety and Health
3. Identifying hazards makes you .
a) safe from working b. comfortable while working c. work efficient d. all of the above
4. Who should first know about the accident that happened in your shop?
a) Principal b. doctor c. teacher
5. Accidents can be prevented .
a) through proper care and maintenance of tools and equipment
b) right attitude toward work
c) if you have a good knowledge about safety practices.

B. Direction: Identify the following Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

1.
4.

2. 5.

3.

C. Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer on the line given.
1. Conducting hazard assessment to a workplace should be done .
a) during working hours c) before working hours
b) after working hours a) all of the above
2. Observing good housekeeping .
a) prevents fire c) both a and b
b) makes for easy location of tool and d) none of the above
materials needed

3. In dealing with accidents, the first thing to do is to .

a) stay calm and study the situation c) call the attention of your teacher
b) apply first aid d) all of the above
4. Accidents can be prevented .
a) thru proper cares and maintenance of tools and equipment
b) right attitude towards works
c) if you have enough knowledge about safety practices
d) all of the above
5. When an injury occurs, how soon should it be treated? _________________
a) After class hours c) Both a and b
b) Immediately d) Later

Congratulations! You did a great job!

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