UNIT 10 er Rep peech Tin very Papy wat) recut the Hato) exam, What old Mr Reed tell his class yesterday? He said to the class, ‘I'm very happy with your results in the History exam.” He told the class (that) he was very happy with their results in the History exam. or ® We can report people's words by using direct speech or reported speech. Direct speech is the exact words someone used. We use quotation marks ('’) In direct speech. e.g. i's nice to be home,’ Tom said. Reported speech Is the exact meaning of what someone said, but not the exact words. We do not use quotation marks in reported speech. We can elther use the word that after the introductory verb (say, tell, ¢tc.), or we can omit it. e.g. Tom said (that) it was nice to be home. Fill In the gaps with say or fell in the correct tense. We can use the verbs say and tell both in direct and reported speech. © Tellis always followed by a personal object (old me). © Say ls used with or without a personal object. When used with a personal object it is always followed by the preposition to (said to me! ‘Study the following examples: He said, ‘'m Ted.” He sald (that) he was Ted He sald to me (that) he was Ted. He told me (that) he was Ted. (NOT -Heteldhathewas- Fed) Say and tell are also used with the following expression: ‘say good mominglattemoon, etc., somethinginothing, etc., one’s prayers, so, a few words He told me, ‘I'm Ted.” tell the truth, ale, a secret, a story, the time, the dif- ference, sb one’s name, sb the way, one from another, one’s fortune 120 A. Katie (1) fold... Dave that she had met a set of twins at a party. ‘They looked exactly the same,’ she @) 1 couldn't (8) the ditference between them,’ ‘ve got a twin brother, 100," (8) Dave. ‘Are you (8) ime the ruth?’ asked Katie. "(6) metis nname.'‘His name is Stephen,’ Dave (7) her. Tl take you to meet him tomorrow. a B "You never listen tome,’ Tara (1) a 1@) on sennnen 008 rotTNg tO you three times today and you didnt answer, she @ Tota) you the truth, it makes me really angry. Why don't you listen to me?" 'Oh, hello Tara,’ said Jim. ‘Did you just (5) pons eee © ‘Claire (1) me that she and John are getting married,” (2) Sue. ‘She 3) that they're going to have a big wedding with ote of guest. ‘Tha will be expensive,” «@ ‘Tom. thought John (5) that they couldn't afford a big wedding.” Well that's what Claire (6) me.’ (7) Sue. ‘don't think she would (8) ale. wa SStht alt) Reported Statements ‘¢ Inreported speech personal pronouns, possessive adjectives/possessive pronouns change according to the ‘meaning of the sentence. 2.9. Sam said, 'm leaving for Germany with my family tomorrow." Sam said (that) he was leaving for Germany with his family the following day. We can report someone's words elther a long time after they were sald (out-of-date-reporting) or a short time after they were said (up-to-date-reporting). ‘out-of-date reporting ‘We usually report someone's words a long time after they were said. In this case the introductory verb is in the past simple and the tenses change as follows present simple past simple 7 want t0 go to bed early” he said. "He said (that) he wanted to go to bed early. present continuous past continuous “She's feeding the baby," he said. He said (that) she was feeding the baby. present perfect past perfect “Ive Bought a new dress,’ she sai. ‘She said (that) shehad bought a new dress. past simple past simple or past perfect “finished work early,’ Alex saa. Alex sai (that) he (had) finished work early ast continuous ppast continuous or past perfect continuous, "Iwas planning to call you later,’ she said. ‘She said (that) she was planning/had been planning to call me late. future (wit) conditional (would) "talk to you tomorrow, she said. ‘She said (that) she would talk to me the rrext day. © The past perfect and past perfect continuous remain the same. direct speech: ‘The film had finished by the time I got home,’ he said. reported speech: He said (that) the film had finished by the time he got home. © Contain worde and time expreseione change according to the meaning of the eentence ae now + then, at that time, immediately last week + the week before, the previous week fay, tonight + that day, that night next week » the week after, the following week yesterday > the day before, the previous day ‘two days ago. > two days before tomorow + the next day, the following day here > there this week + that week come > go © When thisithese are used in time expressions, they change to thatthose. 2g this week - that week, these days « those days ‘© When this/thatithese/those are not used in time expressions, they change as follows: 4) as adjectives, that is, when they are followed by a noun, they change to the. eg. "This cake is delicious,’ Pam fold me. > Pam told me (that) the cake was delicious. b) a8 pronouns, that is, when they are not followed by a noun, they change to it or they/them. €.g. a) ‘This isa briliant idea,’ Debbie said. * Debbie said (that) it was a brillant idea. 'b) He said, ‘Those are the men who helped me.’ » He said (that) they were the men who (had) helped im TaiUg 122 al} up-to-date reporting ‘When we report someone's words a short time after they were said, the tenses can either change or remain the same in reported speech. direct speech: —_'m seeing the manager tomorrow, Jack said to us. reported speech: Jack told us (that) he is seeing/was seeing the manager tomorrow. ‘© Certain modal verbs change in reported speech as follows: willshall > would | ean» could/would be able to (tuture reference) may > might | must -> must/had to (obligation) can * could ‘shall + should (asking for advice) ® Would, could, might, should, ought, had better and mustn't do not change in reported speech. Must does not change in reported speech when it expresses a logical assumption. "ll have some tea.” He said (that) he would have some tea. "Ghe can type fast. le said (that) she could type fast. you tomowow He said (that) he couldwould be able to tak "ean talk to you t tome the next day. (it raters to the future) They may come home.” He said (that) they might come home. ‘What shall | tall har?” He asked what ha should tell har "You must stay in He said (that) | must/had to stay in. ‘Sho must be exhausted.” Ho eaid (that) che must be exhausted. © In Type 1 conditionals tenses change in reported speech as follows: the present simple becomes past simple in the i-clause and will becomes would in the main clause. direct spect ‘| have the time, Il come round,’ Lisa said. reported speech: Lisa said that) if she had the time. she would come round. ‘© Type 2 and Type 3 conditionals do not change in reported speech. it she knew, she would help us,’ Tony said. Tony said (that) t she knew, she would help us. ‘The verb tenses and time expressions change in reported speech: ) when reporting someone's words a long time after they were said (out-of-date reporting). b) when we consider what the speaker says to be untrue. direct speech: like Shakespeare's plays a lot,’ he said (0 us. ported speech: He fold us (that) he liked Shakespeare's plays a lot, but he didn't know the name of any. © The verb tenses can either change or remain the same in reported speech: '2) when reporting someone's words a short time after they were sald (up-to-dats ) when reporting a general truth or law of natur direct speech: ‘The sun sets in the west,’ the teacher said. reported speech: The teacher said (that) the sun sets/set in the west. porting). ‘© The verb tenses remain the same in reported speech: ‘When the introductory verb is in the present, future or present perfect. direct speech: The singer says, ‘enjoy cycling.’ reported speech: The singer eays (that) she enjoys cyclingFill In the gaps with the correct pronoun or pecsosive adjectives & 11 James said, ‘My boss wants me to go to London tomorrow. James said ..his.. boss wanted London the following day. 2. Mary said, ‘'m waiting for my son to come out of school. Mary said that was waiting for son to come out of school. 3. George said, 'I've bought a new car for my mum, to goto George said ‘had bought a new car for 4 Julie said to me, ‘I need you to help me with the shopping, Julie told me that needed tohelp with the shopping, 5 John said, 0 like to take you out to dinner, John said ike to take out to dinner. 6 Helen said to Jane, I think your new haircut is lovely. Helen told Jane that, thought new haircut was lovely. ‘Turn the following sentences into reported speech. 1. Robin said, ‘These biscutts taste delicious. Robin eaid (that) the biecuite tasted delicious. 2 ‘I can't see you this afternoon because I've got a lot to do.’ Ann told me 3. She came into the room holding some letters in her hand and said, I found these while | was tidying the desk drawers. 4 Fiona said, ‘That picture was painted by my great- ‘grandfather. 5 "Those were good times for my family.” Jack said. 6 ‘Ireceived a parcel this moming, but | haven't opened ityet, Tom said, 7 "You mustn't do that again,” Mum said to Bob, 18 ‘These shoes are worn out. You'd better throw them away,’ Mum said to me ae 10 1" R B 4 15 16 7 8 19 20 a1 23, 24 25 UNIT 10 Turn the following sentences into reported speectn He said. ‘I'm going to the station. He sald (that) he was going to the station Tina caid, "You should exercive regulary. They said, (We had booked the room before we left Tom said. ‘This meal is delicious. ve written you a letter, she said to her friend, ‘We've decided to spend our holidays in Jordan, they told us. Ll said, TH go to the bank tomorrow. She said to him “We've han inuitad ta a wedeing She told me, ‘You must leave early tomorrow. ‘They've gone out for the evening,’ Jessie said to me. They said, ‘We may vsit Joe tonight She said, I can meet you on Tuesday Keith said. There isa letter for you on the table We won't be visting Tom this evening, Sam told us. Eric said, “They had been talking on the phone for an hour before | interrupted them, U havent spoken to Mary since last week: Gloria said ‘They delivered the letters this morning,’ she said. He said, 1d like to buy this jumper. “They aren't going on holiday this year. he said. Jane said," haven't finished my nomework yet. {im going to bed early tonight. Caroline said ‘My mother is coming to vist us. | said. ‘We don't want to watch a fm tonight. the chicren said He's playing in the garden now.” his mother said ‘She said, "You must do your homework now. 123ie al) peech Look at the pictures and make ‘Sony, Teant meet ) you because I'm very busy. J He sald (that) he couldn't meet her because he was very busy. 124 Thaven't eaten J anything all day. Won ‘Tum the sentences into reported speech. In which of the following sentences do the tenses not change? In which do they not have to be changed? Why? 1. The article says, ‘The artist only uses oil paints” The article eays (that) the artiet only uses oll painte.. The tenses do not change because the introducto- ry verb le In the present simple. 2. "They are working hard today,’ he sai. 3 ve cone the tings you sae me to Mary ai. 4 ‘The Sun rises in the east, she said. 10 " 2 13 « 15 1 “He broke the window,’ they said. ‘We've never been on holiday abroad, they said. Mum says, ‘Dinner is ready.” iil Start Cooking at six o'dock.” she said ‘We went to the supermarket yesterday,’ he said Mrs Jones says, “My daughter is going to have a baby. ‘You'te never going to get a job,” Dad always says, Fish live in water, he said, "We went to the beach last weekend,’ they said He showed me nis photograpns, sne said. “Tm working on my project now,’ Billy said Turn the following sentences into reported speech. Seaweed! grows in the sea," the teacher said to the students. The teacher sald to the studenta/told the etu- dente (that) seaweed grows/arew in the sea “\saw Amanda at the cinema,’ she said. (up-to-date reporting) “They don't live here any more,’ he said to me, (out-of-date reporting) ‘Canada is a large country,” he said. “The Statue of Liberty is in America,’ she said to us. ‘TIl help you with your homework,” he said. (out-of-date reporting) “would go on holiday if | had enough money,’ Bill ‘said. (up-to-date reporting) ‘i'm free, I'll call you,’ Tom said (up-to-date reporting) ‘You should make a decision,” he said to us. "You can ask John for advice,” she said. (up-to-date reporting)| ea] Why co you want this job? ee Have you had any experience” YYesterdoy, Eric had ¢ job interview. The manager asked Eric itiwhether he had had ‘any experience He also asked him why he wanted the job. ‘© Reported questions are usually introduced with the verbs ask, inquire, wonder or the expres- sion want to know. © When the direct question begins with a question word (who, where, how old, how long, when, why, what, et.) the reported question is intro- duced with the same question word. 9. What do you want o know?" she asked me. ‘She asked me what I wanted to know. © When the direct question begins with an auxili- ary (is, do, have) or a modal verb (can, may, etc.), then the reported question begins with if or whether. ‘e.g. Have you seen this man before?’ he asked me. Ho asked mo ifjwhether | had seen the man before, In reported questions, the verb is in the affirm ative. The question mark and words/expres- sions such as please, well, oh, etc. are omitted The verb tenses, pronouns and time expres- sions change as in statements. 29.'Can you hold the door for me, ‘man asked me. The man asked me itiwhether I could hold the door for him. “Where are you going?’ Sam asked her. ‘Sam asked her where she was going (NOT:-Sam-aokodt- hor whore-wae-ohe-going.) please?" the ©) wrntnesatowina int resorted aestons 10 1” R oe UNIT 10 meech “Where do you live?’ | asked her. | aoked her where ehe lived. “How old will you be on your next birthday?’ he asked me. “Where is your umbrella?’ she asked her daughter. "Do you tke playing football?" John asked us. ‘The boss asked, ‘What time are you going home today?” ‘Will you take the children to school today?" he asked. Wha eallad yeu today?’ cha ackedt ‘When will you decorate the kitchen?” Martha asked. ‘Who broke my vase?" | asked. Father asked, ‘Will you help me lit these boxes, please?” "Can you speak a foreign language” she asked her. "Where is the tourist information centre?’ we asked. Yesterday, Marion met a couple who were on holiday in London. They were looking at @ ‘map. She asked them some questions. Turn them into reported questions. ‘Are you lost?” Marion asked them if/whether they were lost. ‘Can you speak English?” ‘Where are you from?” “Is your hotel near here? ‘Where do you want to go? “Were you looking for Big Ben?” "Have you been to the British Museum” "Have you visited Buckingham Palace?” ‘Do you like London? 123