I.

PRELIMINARY PERIOD
LESSON 1: Creative Writing
What is creativity?
 Use of original ideas as product of one's Imagination.
 Turning imaginative ideas to artistic works.
Creativity as a 21st century skill
 Creativity as a 21st century skill is defined as the process of having original ideas that
have value.
 Producing arts and works of novelty, uniqueness and originality.
Why pp creativity amongst 21st century learners?
 Allow students to discover a new side of themselves.
 Allow students to express themselves in a clever way.
 Develops critical and analytical way of thinking.
 Creativity develops a sense of responsibility among students.
 Promotes lifelong learning.
 Allow students to think beyond what they can see.
What is creative writing?
 Production of functional and poetic type of writing.
 The art of inventing and making things up to writing.
 Displaying imaginative ideas into writing.

Purposes of creative writing

 To Entertain human readers.
 to share one's unique and original ideas.
 To express one’s opinion and perception through words.
 Inform human readers about something in the view of the writer.
Benefits of creative writing
 Allows the freedom of artistic expression.
 Challenges students to understand elements of a story.
 Requires them to use language effectively to engage.
 Building confidence
 Artistic self expression
  Imagination boost
 thought clarification
 better understanding of reading and writing
 communication skills and empathy

LESSON 2: Writing as a Language Macro skill

 Writing is the process of communicating through symbols and written forms.

 Writing, as a language skill, focuses on the learners capability to transform his ideas into
a piece of written work.

SUB SKILLS IN WRITING

Reading Comprehension
 A learner must know how to read and understand a certain topic/ idea before he can
produce his own.

Transcription
 The process of physically producing words
 Involves handwriting, typing, and spelling skills.

Sentence Construction
 From producing words, learners develop skill in constructing sentences with meaning and
sense.

Genre and Content Knowledge

 The skill of knowing what type of writing should be written.

Planning, Revising and Editing

 Organization of thoughts and ideas before writing
 Revision of text using different proof reading symbols and editing symbols

Self Regulation
 Usually focuses on the word count, or how a writing should be presented and should
appear.

THE WRITING PROCESS

1. Prewrite
2. Plan and outline
3. Write a first draft
4. redraft and revise
5. edit and proofread
Prewriting
 Purpose and audience
 Brainstorming
 Form

Writing
 Organization
 Voice
 word choice
 sentence fluency

Responding
 teacher or peer conference
 self or peer evaluation

revising
 clarifying
 reorganizing
 refining
 using precise language

editing
 conventions

publishing or sharing
 bulletin board
 website
 performance
 authors chair

The writing process: questions to consider

1. prewriting: time to think

 what do I want to say?
 How do I want to say it?
 Who will read my writing?
 What else do I need to know to begin?
 Who can I talk to about my idea?

2. Drafting : time to write it down

 Are my thoughts organized?
 Which ideas do I want to develop?
 In what order do I want to say them?
 Who can read this and offer suggestion?
 3. Revising::time to improve my writing
 Have I read what I have written?
 Are my details clear?
 How I used the best ideas and words?
 Should I add their take out parts?
 Is my writing in a sensible order?
 What suggestions have others made?

4. Editing: time to make things correct

 Have I used complete sentences complete sentences?
 Are my spelling, capitalization, and punctuation correct?
 Have I marked corrections that I need?
 Has someone checked my work?
 Do you have a correct and neat copy?

5. Publishing: time to share my writing

 Should I illustrate it and display it?
 Should I bind it in a book?
 Should I read it out loud?
 Can I place it in a classroom library?
 Will I act it out?

THE PRE-WRITING STRATEGIES

PRE-WRITING
 Prewriting is the first stage operating process and the point at which we discover and
explore our initial ideas about a subject.

Brainstorming
 Make a list of everything that comes to mind About a topic. You might even do this as a
voice recording on your phone. try giving yourself a time limit or five or 10 minutes.
Freewriting
 Write for five or 10 minutes without stopping and without judging what you’re writing.
Just write whatever comes to mind.
Drawing
 Draw a picture! what images come to mind as you are thinking about your topic.
Clustering
 Create a chart to generate ideas write the topic down in the middle of a sheet or paper and
then cluster other ideas around it drawing circles and lines.
Blogging
 Keep A blog or journal and use it to jot down ideas or questions you might have about the
topic.
Asking questions
 Make a list of questions you have about the topic. time it for five or 10 minutes.
Browsing
  Browse the Internet for words and images related to your topic.
Collaborating
 Discuss your topic with someone else brainstorm and ask questions with your partne

DO'S AND DON’TS OF WRITING

WRITING TECHNIQUES
 There are different techniques applied by writers to produce a magnificent work.

The Content must Invoke Multiple Senses

 Sound devices
 Figurative language
 Different parts of speech
 Rhetorical devices

Create Fascinating and Complex Characters

 Characterization
 Develop original and unique characters to catch reader’s interest

Evoking Strong Emotions

 “reading while in a roller coaster”
 Readers should get powerful emotion and responsive action

High Tone Voice for the Character

 Emphasis of strong emotions portrayed by characters

Pull the Reader into the Action

 Readers should get a feeling of “change” after reading the work.

II. MIDTERM PERIOD

LESSON 3: Writing Poetry

POETRY
 Poetry is a language at its most distilled and most powerful— Rita Dove

IMPORTANCE OF POETRY

1. Poetry conveys feeling.

 Poetry is a lyrical, emotive method of self expression.
 Makes readers feel something
  More appealing, valuable if readers are able to relate.
 I love my friends — Langston Hughes

2. Poetry is language at its richest and most condensed

 poetry needs to impact the reader in the richest and most condensed way possible.

3. Poetry uses unique elements

 It uses line breaks, alongside rhythm or meter to convey something to the reader.

UNDERSTANDING THE ELEMENTS OF POETRY

1. Rhythm (Sound, Rhyme and meter)
2. Form
3. Literary Devices

 RHYTHM (SOUND, RHYME AND METER)

- Refers to the lyrical, Sonic qualities of the poem.
- Evoking certain emotions based on solely on the sounds it uses.
- Rhyme refers to the words that have similar pronunciations.
 FORM
- Refers to the structure of the poem.
- Refers to the line breaks and stanza breaks in the poem.
 LITERARY DEVICES
- Figurative language.

TYPES OF POETRY
1. LYRIC – sonnet, elegy and ode.
2. NARRATIVE – epic and ballad.
3. DRAMATIC – dramatic monologue and soliloquy.

LYRIC POETRY
- A short poem typically written in first person POV.
- Reflects the writer’s personal thoughts, feelings and emotions.

Ode. Glorifies an individual, event or concept (Ode to Potato)

Elegy. Dedicated for dead people (Captain, My Captain by Walt Whitman)
Sonnet. A love poem (Sonnet XVII by William Shakespeare)

NARRATIVE POETRY
- A poem that tells a story.
- Can be long or short and usually has no rhyming scheme.

Epic. Contains thousand lines which depicts a hero’s adventure.

Ballad. Meant to be sung or recited.

DRAMATIC POETRY
- Greatly emphasizes character development than the story.
 - Often includes dialogues.

Dramatic Monologue. Characters are performed by a single person.

Soliloquy. The act of performing to oneself/ Talking to oneself.

OTHER TYPES

FREE VERSE
- A poem without defined rhyme or rhythm limitation.
- Walt Whitman, William Carous, Emily Dickinson.

LIMERICK
- A humorous poem of five lines using a rhyming scheme of AABBA.
- William Shakespeare, Lewis Carol, Mark Twain, H.G Lewis.

HAIKU
- A poem of Japanese origin containing three lines with five, seven and five
syllables respectively.
- Ueshima Onitsura, Kobayashi Issq and Masaoka Shiki.

CINQUIAN
- Five lines
1. Title (noun) 1 word
2. Description 2 words
3. Action 3 words
4. Feeling (Phrase) 4 or more words
5. Title (synonym of the title) 1 word

ACROSTIC
- An acrostic uses the letters in a topic word to begin each line all lines of the poem
should relate to or describe the poem.

HOW TO WRITE A POEM

1. Devise a topic
 Other works of literature
 Real-world events
 Your Life
 Nature

2. Think about form

 Form plays a crucial role in how the poem is both written and read.

3. Write the first line

 Set the scene
 Start at the conflict
 Start with a contradiction
  Start with your title

4. Develop Ideas and Devices

 Avoid using to many abstract nouns
 Develop striking images, use metaphors and similes.
 Speak from the heart.

5. Write the closing line

 Some poems end “full circle” meaning that the images the poet used in the beginning are
reintroduced at the end.

6. Edit your work

 Check final work for quality assurance.

LESSON 4: Fiction Writing

FICTION WRITING
- A make believe/invented story
- May be a novel, short story, fable, fairytale, and play.

REALISTIC FICTION
- A fiction or untrue story
- Has believable events and characteristics that could actually happen in real life
- It can take place in a real setting, its is not based on history or science.
Examples:
• When Sophie Gets Angry-Really, Really Angry – by Molly Bang
• Frindle – by Andrew Clements
• The Great Gilly Hopkins – by Katherine Paterson

HISTORICAL FICTION
- A mix of fiction and historical facts
- Based on historical events but the story is mostly untrue
- Could possibly have historical characters
Examples:
• Pink and Say – by Patricia Polacco
• Uncle Jed’s Barbershop – by Margaree King Mitchell
• The Watsons Go to Birmingham, 1963 – by Christopher Paul Curtis

FANTASY
- A fiction or untrue story
- The story couldn’t happen in real life
- Typically involves magic or supernatural powers
- Oftentimes takes place in another world or has make believe characters, such as wizards and
dragons.
MYSTERY
- A fiction story based on mysterious event or crime
- The story provides clues throughout the story, but the mystery isn’t typically solved until the
end of the story.
Examples:
• I Want My Hat Back – by Joe Klassen
• The Boxer Children (series) – by Gertrude Chandler Warner
• Holes – by Louis Sachar

TRADITIONAL LITERATURE
- Stories that are typically passed down from generation to generation.
- Can be a fairytale, fable, legend

ROMANCE
- A fiction based on love story
- All about emotions and relationship

GRAPHIC NOVEL
- Similar to comic books in that they use art, and text, in sequence to tell a story.
- Although graphic novels are not considered a separate genre, there are many fiction graphic
novels that are motivating young readers around the globe.
Examples:
• Hamster and Chees – by Colleen Venable
• The Wonderful Wizard of Oz – by Eric Shanower and L. Frank Baum
• Coraline – by Neil Gaiman

KEY ELEMENTS IN WRITING FICTION

CHARACTERS
- The people or animals in the story
- They give justice and life to the story

TYPES OF CHARACTERS:
• Static Character- the character that stays the same throughout the story
• Dynamic Character- a character that changes due to events in the story
• Flat Character- a character which we know very limited information about
• Round Character- a character which we know lot of information about.
Characters
- Character development is important in the success of a fiction
- Poor characterization leads to ineffective writing.

SETTINGS
- Where and when the story takes place
- The time of year, particularly the seasons: fall, winter, summer, spring.
- The historical period such as what century or decade the story takes place.
- The geographical location including the city, state, country, ang possibly even the universe, if
the writer is writing science fiction.

PLOT
- Order of the events in the story.
- Most important element of fiction writing.
Plot – the structure or organization of events that make up a fictional story.

1. Exposition - beginning of the story that introduces:

a. Conflict
b. Character
c. Setting

2. Rising Action - events before the climax:

Character’s attempt to solve the problem, but fails.
3. Climax – the turning point; the point of greatest suspense or action.
4. Falling Action – action and events that occur after the climax.
5. Resolution – End of the story where the conflicts or problems are solved.

CONFLICT
- Struggle between two entities
- The problems which make the story interesting

6 Types of Story Conflict

1. Person vs. Person – friction between friends and lovers or protagonists and antagonists.
2. Person vs. Nature – conflict between characters and environment, e.g. natural disasters.
3. Person vs. Self – inner conflict, e.g. fear and self-doubt; self-destructiveness.
4. Person vs. Society – struggles between individuals and social codes in their world.
5. Person vs. Supernatural – conflict between characters and paranormal/otherworldly events.
6. Person vs. Technology – conflict between characters and the result of scientific discovery.

POINT OF VIEW
- How the story is being told
- Either first person, or third person.
First Person Point of View
- One of the characters, usually the protagonist, narrates the story.
Third Person Point of View
- The narrator or speaker is not part or present in the story.

THEME
- Not part in the plot
- The truth, values and moral being shown and reflected in the story.
- It is universal regardless of the culture, gender, way of understanding, and belief of a person.

TECHNIQUES IN FICTION WRITING

Invoke multiple sense
- By describing sounds, scents, tastes, and sensation, you’ll immerse readers in your story’s
world.

Create complex characters

- Characters whose actions intrigue the readers

Evoke strong emotions

- Pull readers to roller coaster ride

Use rich character voice

- Affects how readers interpret the story, and view the characters.

Pull the reader into action

- Dialogues with thrilling actions are more interesting for readers.

Use figurative language

- Adds spice and flavor to the story

GUIDELINES IN FICTION WRITING

• Show, don’t tell

• Create three dimensional characters
• Choose a point of view
• Give your characters motivations
• Write what you know
• No tears for writers, no tears for reader
• Revise
.

1. What is Descriptive Writing?

Descriptive writing creates a picture of a person, place, thing, or event. Description tells
what something looks, sounds, smells, tastes or feels like.

2. Transition Words and Phrases that Signal Description.

To Show Spatial Order or Direction

Above below behind Beside Beyond

Around Next toNear by In front/back off over

On top of under To the right/left Turning right/left/south

To Show Order of Importance

Amazingly But the most important equallyIncreasingly important Even
more striking

Initially strikingly The most The major The main

Primarily Best of all foremost One reason is that Most significantly

To Show Time Order

During finally next suddenly then

When concurrently nearby In front/back of Meanwhile

Afterwards shortly formerly This morning afternoon

Evening tomorrow today From then on At present

  

1. Select a subject

Observation is the key to writing good description.

2. Select dominant details

Select only the detail that support the dominant impression (your thesis statement)

4. Organize details

The paragraphs in a descriptive essay can be structured spatially (from top…)

chronologically (Time order) or from general to specific. Descriptive essays…
organization such as narrative or exemplification.

5. Use descriptive words

 Do not use vague or generalities (such as good, nice, bad, or beautiful…) descriptive
words (adjectives). For example:

I ate a good dinner. OR I devoured a steaming hot, cheese-filled pepp…

Provide sensory details:

• Smells that are in the air (the aroma of freshly brewed coffee)

• Sounds (traffic, honking horns)

• Sights (“The sun scattered tiny diamonds across dew-covered grass…horizon.”)

• Touch (“The texture of the adobe hut’s walls resembled coarse san….

• Taste: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, tart (“Giant goose bumps formed o… bit into a
silver lemon.”)

6. Draw a logical conclusion

The Persuasive/Argument Essay – in 5 Paragraphs

Introduction

• Hook

• Background information introducing the topic

• Thesis – Names the three pieces of evidence to be expanded on further.

Body Paragraph #1 1. Topic Sentence supporting the first point of the thesis.

3. Minimum three pieces of evidence supporting this topic.

4. Transition/Concluding sentence leading in to the next paragraph.

 Body Paragraph #2 1. Topic sentence supporting the first point of the thesis.

2. Minimum three pieces of evidence supporting this topic.

4. Transition/Concluding sentence leading in to the next paragraph.

Body Paragraph #3 1. Topic sentence supporting the first point of the thesis.

2. Minimum three pieces of evidence supporting this topic.

4. Transition/Concluding sentence leading in to the next paragraph.

Conclusion • Thesis and main points restated in a different, interesting manner.

• Call to some sort of action or response.

• Thought provoking ending.

Essay

ESSAY

An essay is a short non-fiction, non-imaginary work about a subject. It may be classified

by tone and style as formal or informal.

It has many purposes depending on what the writer wants to write about and how he/she
wants to affect the readers.
Three Main Parts

•Introduction

It is the opening part of the write-up that shows the topic sentence of the essay or the
thesis statement. It prepares the readers on the essay. Therefore, it should be effective so
that the readers are encourage/ motivate to continue reading.

Effective introduction should

•Catch the reader’s attention, which can be done, for example, by using a direct
announcement, a quotation, a question, a definition, an unusual comparison, or a
controversial position/opinion;

• Introduce the topic of the essay, (in other words, inform the reader of and provide a
context for the topic being discussed);

• Introduce the main idea (otherwise known as the thesis or claim) of the essay;

• Introduce the purpose of the essay (will it inform, argue, persuade, describe, narrate,
classify, etc.?).

An effective body paragraphs should

•Explain, illustrate, discuss, or provide evidence to support the main idea (thesis or claim)
of the essay;

•Discuss only one aspect of the main idea (whenever you move on to a new supporting
point, start a new body paragraph);

•Body

An essay includes body paragraphs, which develop the main idea (thesis or claim) of the
essay.
•Work together with the other body paragraphs to support your essay’s main idea;

•Work together with the other body paragraphs to create a clear, cohesive paper (clarity
and coherence can be achieved through the use of transitions)

Conclusion

An essay ends with a brief conclusion, which brings the essay to a logical end. An
effective conclusion should:

Brief;

Predicting an outcome to the main idea

Giving an opinion

Quotations

•Remind readers of the primary focus of the essay, which can be done by restating the
main idea in different words;

•Avoid introducing new ideas;

•Avoid apologies.

TYPES OF AN ESSAY

FORMAL ESSAY

This is known as impersonal essay. The content is informative and scientific in nature.
The writer uses the “aesthetic” approach in language and style.
INFORMAL ESSAY

It is called familiar or personal essay. It expresses personal experiences or observation on

human nature. Its purpose is to entertain rather than to inform.

FORMS OF ESSAY

•DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY

It is an essay that illustrates by using sensory words in order to bring to the reader’s
imagination what is being talked about.

•NARRATIVE ESSAY

It is an essay that tells a story of the writer or other’s story. It is usually found in the
feature writing sections of newspaper or magazine

•EXPOSITORY ESSAY

It is an essay that explains something so that reader can understand.

PERSUASIVE ESSAY

It is an essay that convinces the reader to think in a certain way.

Elements of an Essay

•Audience- It refers to whom the essay is intended for.

•Purpose- It refers to the intention or goal in writing the essay.

•Subject- It is the topic discussed in the essay.

•Point of view- It is the how the ideas are told to the reader

•Theme- It refers to the lesson or message of the essay.

•Mood- It refers to the feeling which the writer would like the reader to experience or get
from the literary work.

•Tone- It is the attitude of the writer towards his/her subject

•Style- This is the special way in which the ideas of the essay are developed.