1. What are color aid cards? Explain its uses.

Answers:
 Color-aid paper is a type of textured paper used by graphic
illustrators, architects, fashion designers, interior designers,
photographers, artists and other design professionals.
 The paper is heavy, making it the preferred choice for acrylic,
tempera and poster paints.
 It is commonly used in art and design classes to teach color
theory and for arts and crafts applications.

 History : The Color-aid Corp. designed and developed the

Color-aid paper system in 1948.
 At that time, the system was used primarily by photographers
as a backdrop.
 Soon thereafter, it was discovered by Josef Albers, who used
the system as an educational tool in design classes.

 Use : Color-aid paper may be used for paper sculptures,

color layouts, mock-ups, studio sets and collages.
 It consists of a velvety wrinkle-proof matte finish that is
washable and does not bleed.
 Color-aid paper is acid free and easy to erase.
 It is suitable for ink, pencil, tempera and markers.
 2. What is Psychology of colors?
Explain Psychology of six colors with suitable examples

Answer:

 Color psychology is concerned with the effects of color on mood,

emotion, behavior.
 Following are some examples of psychologies of colors:

i. RED
 Often, red is best suited as an accent color instead of the primary color in
décor.
 If too much red present, or if someone is insensitive to reds, they may
experience feelings of irritation, anger or hostility.
 It promotes alertness and speed, and connects us to our physical self.
 Portray emotions like signals, courage, ambition and strength.
 Associated with high energy and power.

Red color is used for Danger Sign Boards, Logo designs such as CNN,
YouTube, coco cola, etc

ii. ORANGE
 Too much orange can create overwhelming, irritating or frustrating
feelings.
 Promotes extroverted behavior – can use in gathering spaces to promote
interaction and relationship.
 Invokes feelings of sociability, enjoyable connection, and happiness.
 Warm, inviting, and joyful color.

Orange color is used for safety jackets, traffic cones, spirituality, logos like
amazon, payless, VLC media player ,etc
iii. YELLOW
 Over-exposure to yellow, can increase irritability, crying, hyperactivity, and
can shorten tempers in babies and children (as well as adults).
 Be helpful in easing depression and encouraging laughter.
 Promotes creative, clear, upbeat thinking and decision making.
 Color of optimism, brightness, cheery attitude and mental clarity.

Yellow color is used for restricted zones, highlighting tapes, police

helicopter and logos such as snapchat, McDonalds, Post-it etc

iv. GREEN
 Too much green can promote laziness and lack of initiative if overused.
 An excellent way to bring green into home spaces is with indoor
houseplants or herb gardens.
 Has many positive qualities — invoking renewal, balance, refreshment and
peace –which provides a calming influence and stress reducer.
 Tremendously pleasing color representing nature.

Green color is used to represent anything related to nature, currency and

logos for Starbucks, Animal Planet, etc.

v. BLUE
 Balancing blues with a warmer, more relational color is a great idea for
gathering spaces in interiors.
 It helps balance hyperactivity in children, and promotes imagination and
intuitive thinking.
 Effective to help ward off insomnia and promote a deep relaxing sleep.
 Promotes rest and calm.
 Blue is used for Indian passport, to depict water or ice, logos such as
facebook, paypal, dell, etc

vi. VIOLET
 Overuse of violet may result in feelings of insecurity or suppression of
emotions.
 Communicates richness and sophistication.
 Promotes creativity, intuition and artistic ability.
 Stimulates the problem solving areas in our brain.

Violet color is used to portray royalty hence is used by most of the Royal
families, was used in symbol of feminist movement in U.S. (1970s) and logos
like Cadbury, hallmark, FedEx, Yahoo.com etc
3. Define Munsell and Ostwald Color system :

 Munsell color system :

 The Munsell and Ostwald color systems match colors to a set of
standard samples.
 The Munsell system divides hue into 100 equal divisions around a
color circle.
 This is similar in approach to the Newton Color Circle except that the
circle is distorted by assigning a unit of radial distance to each
perceptible difference in saturation (called units of chroma).
 Since there are more perceptible differences for some hues, the figure
will bulge outward to 18 values for some hues compared to only 10 for
another.
 Perpendicular to the plane formed by hue and saturation is
the brightness scale divided into a scale of "value" from 0 (black) to 10
(white).
 A point in the color space so defined is specified by hue, value, and
chroma in the form H V/C.
 The MUNSELL system is a collection of color samples for comparison,
with adjacent samples based upon equal perceived differences in
color.
 Ostwald Color System:
 The Ostwald and Munsell color systems match colors to a set of
standard samples.
 The Ostwald system creates a color space based on dominant
wavelength, purity, and luminance, mapping the values
of hue, saturation and brightness.
 Establishing the values for these parameters is done with a disc
colorimeter which mixes on disk amounts of the pure spectral color at
the dominant wavelength with white, and black.
 Thus the point in the Ostwald color space is represented by values
C,W, and B to represent the percentages of the circle.
 For example 35,15,50 represents 35% full color, 15% white, and 50%
black.
 The OSTWALD system is based upon an analysis of reflectance
curves.
4. What is RGB? Explain its uses.

Answer:
 RGB stands for Red, Green, and Blue. It’s used exclusively in
the digital design industry because it represents the same colors
used in computer screens, TV screens, as well as mobile device
screens.
 It’s an additive color system which means that the primary colors
are added together in various combinations to produce a much
wider spectrum of colors.
 These colors are produced by blending light itself by
superimposing the red, green, and blue light beam. Without any
intensity, each of those colors will be perceived as black, while
full intensity will make them appear white.
 It’s also worth mentioning that different intensities of each color
will produce the hue of a particular color. The resulting color will
also appear more or less saturated depending on the difference
between the most and the least intensive color.

 Use of the RGB color system:

 As a general rule of thumb, the RGB color system should be
used only in digital designs, most commonly when designing for
the web.
 This includes designing websites and imagery and graphics for
use on websites and social media.
 If you want to use those designs in print, you will have to convert
it to the CMYK color system.
5. What is CYMK? Explain its uses.

Answer:

 CMYK stands for Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Key (Black). Black,
in this case, is referred to as key because it is used in the key plate
which is responsible for adding the contrast and the detail for the final
image.
 The CMYK color system is most commonly referred to as the four-
color process because it uses four different colors to produce different
hues. The black color here is used because the other three colors
combined cannot produce a fully saturated black.
 Unlike the RGB color system, CMYK is a subtractive color model
because the printed ink reduces the light that would normally be
reflected. The inks used subtract the brightness from a white
background from those four colors.
 The CMYK colors are mixed during the printing process which can
sometimes cause minor inconsistencies. For that reason, you should
always look at the printed proof of a given project before going through
with the full print run.
 Uses of CMYK:
 As hinted in the previous section, CMYK is the recommended color
system for any material that will be printed.
 This includes business cards, brochures, letterheads, and any other
business collateral.
 Since this color model is the only one that can produce the greatest
accuracy when printing color photography, it should be your primary
choice for any print job that uses more than four colors.
 6. Explain basic terminologies of colors

Answer:

Color Wheel:

 A color wheel (also referred to as a color circle) is a visual representation

of colors arranged according to their chromatic relationship.
 Being a color wheel by positioning primary hues equidistant from one
another, then create a bridge between primaries using secondary and
tertiary colors.

 COLOR TERMINOLOGY

 Primary Colors: Colors at their basic essence; those colors that cannot be
created by mixing others.

 Secondary Colors: Those colors achieved by a mixture of two primaries.

 Tertiary Colors: Those colors achieved by a mixture of primary and
secondary hues.

 Complementary Colors: Those colors located opposite each other on a

color wheel.
 Split-complementary: Like complementary colors, split-complementary
colors are also opposite each other, but include three or four colors, not
just two.

 Analogous Colors: Those colors located close together on a color wheel.

 COLOUR VALUES :

 Color values are the lights and darks of a color you create by using black
and white (‘neutrals”) with a color. This makes hundreds of more colors
from the basic 12 colors of the wheel.
 white + color = tint
 color + black = shade
 TINTS:Tints are lightened colors. Always begin with white and add a bit of
color to the white until the desired tint is obtained. This is an example of a
value scale for the tints of blue.

 SHADES:
 Shades are darkened colors. Always begin with the color and add just a bit
of black at a time to get the desired shade of a color.
 This is an example of a value scale for the shades of blue.

 Neutral colors :
 The principles of color mixing let us describe a variety of colors, but there
are still many colors to explore. The neutral colors contain equal parts of
each of the three primary colors.
 Black, off-black, white, off-white, gray and sometimes brown are
considered & “neutral”.

 Warm colors:
 Warm colors are found on the right side of the color wheel. They are colors
found in fire and the sun. Warm colors make objects look closer in a
painting or drawing.
 Cool colors:
 Cool colors are found on the left side of the color wheel. They are the
colors found in snow and ice and tend to recede in a composition.

 Color Schemes :

 Color Schemes are a systematic way of using the color wheel to put colors
together in your art work, putting together the clothes you wear, deciding
what colors to paint your room.

 Monochromatic: “Mono” means “one”, “chroma” means “color”.

Monochromatic color schemes have only one color and its values.
 Achromatic: Designating color perceived to have zero saturation and
therefore no hue, such as neutral grays, white, or black.