GRADE – 9

SUBJECT – PHYSICAL EDUCATION

CRICKET
1. HISTORY

Cricket is a sport played by both men and women, by using a ball and a wooden bat. Rounders, the
predecessor to cricket, was a popular sport in 13th century in England, during the reign of King
Edward I. The first major official match was held between Kent and Middlesex in 1719 and the
first rules were written in 1744. The Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) at Lords (formed in 1787),
became the reference for the code of ethic employed in Cricket. The MCC gave proper shape to
cricket by framing rules and regulations in 1835. Imperial Cricket Conference was formed in
1989 to regulate its development which became International Cricket Conference (ICC) in 1952.
The foundation of this club marked the adoption of the sport by the rich and the nobility. During
the first half of the 20th century, the game spread to other Commonwealth countries (including
Britain, West Indies in 1920, and New Zealand and India in 1932). Cricket is administered
worldwide by the International Cricket Council (ICC), which organises the ICC trophy every 4
years. The first World Cup was held in 1975. Although women play cricket but this sport is
male-dominated at the professional level.
The first Indian Cricket Club was named as Orient Club Mumbai in 1848. India's first official
match was played in 1933 at Gymkhana ground in Mumbai. In India, Board of Control for Cricket
in India (BCCI) regulates the team selection. India had won the World Cup in 1983 and in 2011.
India has produced many famous stars of cricket like Sachin Tendulkar, Sunil Gavaskar, Kapil
Dev, Ravi Shashtri, Bishan Singh Bedi, Harbhajan Singh, Navjot Singh Sidhu, V. Sehwag, Anil
Kumble, S. Ganguly, R. Dravid, M.S. Dhoni and many more. It has become India's most popular
game. A new form of fast paced cricket is coming up which is known as Twenty -20. In this, both
the teams have to play for 20 overs each. India has won the first World Cup of Twenty -20 in
2007.
2 . LATEST RULES OF THE GAME
(i) Two teams of 11 players each play alternately on the elliptical field. There is a rectangular
strip (the pitch) located between stumps in the centre. The choice of the team batting or fielding
is determined by a toss.
(ii) At the Umpire's signal, the fielding team takes its place on the field (around the pitch), while
the first 2 batsmen of the opposing team take their positions in front of the wickets. The
remaining 9 team members wait in the clubhouse for their turn to bat. This marks the beginning
of an innings, which ends after 10 batsmen of a team are out.
( i i i ) The bowler bowls the ball towards the wicket in order to make the bails fall off the wicket
(called breaking the wicket). If he succeeds, the batsman is out. Batsmen have to defend their
wickets and attempt to hit the ball out of the reach of their opponen ts, in order to have enough
time to run from one wicket to the other, while passing each other ( a run).
( i v ) The batsman attempts to score as many runs as possible before the ball is returned. The
other members of the fielding team try to stop the batsman f rom scoring runs by recovering the
ball as quickly as possible and throwing it at the stumps in an attempt to break it before the
batsman completes the run.
(v) A run is completed when the 2 batsmen cross each other and reach their opposite ends.
(vi) A series of bowls (minimum 6 bowls) is called an over. The bowler switches position with
one of the players of his team once his over is completed. After an over, the fielding team changes
ends. The winning team is the one who scores the most runs.
Cricket is played in two forms, 'Test match' and 'One day'.
Test match is played for 5 days where batting team has good opportunity to score maximum runs
to build pressure over opposing team. The teams put pressure of score -rate per over. Batting team
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SUBJECT – PHYSICAL EDUCATION
can declare anytime if they find score good then innings ends. Afterwards other team gets
opportunity to chase or build pressure for second innings. This pattern is followed for five days
in which both teams have to play two innings to get the result. Otherwise, match end s in a draw
if no result comes in the fixed days. In test match 90 overs are bowled in a day. Test match
requires good batting and bowling skill from both the teams.
'One day' cricket started 3 decades ago. It is a very popular form of cricket. In this eac h team has
to play one innings of 50 overs (in normal conditions). Each bowler is restricted, not to bowl
more than 10 overs. First batting team tries to make maximum runs/scores in limited overs (50
overs). Afterwards opposing team chases the score. If th ey score more than opponent they win.
Good score rate is the gauge of the game.
The new rule of ‘Power Play' has paced more to 'One Day Match'. In 'Power-Play' there is fielding
restriction, i.e., bowling team can put pressure over batting team by placing close fielding
positions (i.e., 9 players can field within 30-yard circle). This can be performed in three stages,
with information to Umpires. The first Power-Play is of ten overs whereas others are Power Plays
of five overs each.
A w a r d i n g of R u n s :
In addition to the batsman running, runs can be scored in several ways:
(i) When a run is made without the ball touching the bat or any other pan of the batsman's body,
this is called a Bye.
(ii) When the ball is touched by any part of the batsman's body except his hands, this called a
Leg-Bye.
(iii) When a bowl is a No-Ball, (bowled with a bent arm or if the bowler crosses over the line), the
batting team is awarded one run. Apart from this, he can score runs by hitting the ball for running.
Batsman is not given 'out' on no-ball (except Run-Out).
(iv)If the hitted ball touches or crosses the boundary line after touching the ground, 4 Runs are
awarded.
(v)If the hitted ball lands outside the boundary line without touching the ground, th(
batsman is awarded 6 Runs.
(vi) In addition to scoring runs, the batsman must also defend his wicket. He is not required to
run, even if he hits the ball. This benefits a batsman who might not hit the ball very fast.

Types of Batsman Out:

(i) If the ball partially or completely destroys the wicket even if it touches the bat (Clean Bowled).
(ii) When a batted ball is caught by a fielder before it touches the ground (Catch Out).
(iii) When the batsman's leg or any part of his body prevents the ball from touching the wicket
(Leg-Before-Wicket "LBW").
(iv)If the batsman breaks the wicket by hitting it (Hit-Wicket).
( v ) If the batsman touches the ball with his hand (Handling the Ball).
(vi)If the batsman gets in the way of an opponent trying to catch the ball Intentional- Disturbance).
 GRADE – 9
SUBJECT – PHYSICAL EDUCATION

(vii) If the batsman runs towards wicket but does not get there in time to place his bat between
the edge of the popping crease and an opponent breaks the wicket (Run-Out).
(viii) If he is near his wicket but outside the pitch area, and the wicket -keeper breaks the
wicket (Stumped-Out).
(ix)If the batsman hits the ball intentionally for the second time (can stop but not to hit)
then batsman can be declared out on an appeal (Double-Hit).
( x ) If the batsman does not report to face the bowler or unduly delays the match (Timed-Out).

Tips to Remember:
(i) Players in a Team = 11+5 (Extra) = 16
(ii) No. of Umpires = 2 + 1 (Third umpire)
(iii) Weight of the Cricket Ball = 51/2 Ounce (156 gm)
(iv) Circumference of the Ball = 9 Inches (22.5 cm)
(v) Colour of Ball = Red/White (Leather made)
(vi) Length of the Cricket Bat = 38 Inch (96.5 cm)
(vii) Widest part of Bat = 41/2 Inches (10.8 cm)
(viii) The Breadth of Pitch = 10 Feet (3.05 m)
(ix) Shape of Ground = Elliptical (175m long 135 m wide)
(x) Distance Between Stumps = 66 Feet (22 Yd.) or 20.12 m
(xi) Height of Stumps = 28 Inches (71.1 cm)
(xii) Breadth of Stumps = 9 Inches (22.8 cm)
(xiii) Size of Bails = 41/2 Inches (11 cm)
(xiv) Inner Circle from Wickets = 30 Yards (27.4 m)
(xv) Sight Screen = 6 M X 3 M (behind stump over
the boundary)
(xvi) Outer Circle from Wickets = 75 Yards (68.5 m)
(xvii) Types of matches = One-day (Day/Night), Test Match
(5 days), 20-Twenty
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SUBJECT – PHYSICAL EDUCATION
4. TERMINOLOGY
Over : In this, player has to deliver or bowl for 6 times (legal) successively from one end.
Dead-Ball: When ball is in the hands of the bowler after throw.
No-Ball: When the bowler commits some non-legal action to bowl.
Wide-Ball : When the bowler bowls the ball out of the batsman's reach, towards the sideward of
wickets.
Bye : When the batsman takes run due to misfielding (without the ball touching his bat).
Leg-Bye : When the batsman takes the run by the snick of pads.
Appeal : It is request or shout by fielding players in anticipation of batsman to be given out by the
Umpire.
Bouncer : When the bowler bowls the ball above the shoulder level.
Yorker: When ball is just bounced under the bat.
Maiden-Over: The over in which not even a single run is scored.
Duck : The batsman gets 'out' without a single score.
Century ; A batsman scoring ton or one hundred runs.
How’s That : An appeal by the fielding-players to Umpire to consider the delivery of ball
carefully. This appeal pressurises the Umpire to consider them.
Declaration : A process in which the captain of the batting side may call the batsman off the
field irrespective of the scores and discontinue their innings.
Bodyline-Bowling : A type of negative bowling in which the bail is aimed at hitting the body
of the batsman.
Over-Throw : If a fielder throws the ball whereas no other fielder is able to stop the throwing
ball, batsman is able to score runs or a boundary is scored; such runs are termed as
over-throw.
Stance : It is a position or posture of a batsman at the crease before facing a delivery.
Toss: It is the procedure before the match to decide which team will perform the batting 0r
fielding.
China-Man : When a left arm spinner delivers a off-break bowling, it is termed as China-man.
Runner : A supplement player to the batsman who runs for the batsman in case of injury,
illness while playing.
Hat-Trick : A bowler gets three wickets in three successive balls, i.e., the bowler dismisses
three batsmen on three consecutive balls.
Follow-On : It is given in a test match when batting team cannot score sufficient runs and the
lead is more than 200 runs, it may be given follow-on or to bat again.
Sweep : In this the batsman hits the ball to deep angle while kneeling down.
Reverse-Sweep : A ball is played like sweep but towards the opposite side of his normal hands.
Ball-Tempering : It is the intentional damage to the ball by the fielding players to get undue
advantage in the swing of the ball during bowling.
Googly : A ball bowled in such a way that it turns opposite than what it seems to be.
On-Side : It is the right side area of the right handed batsman (facing bowler).
Dot-Ball : A good length ball (bowled by bowler) on which batsman cannot score runs.
Lofted : A hit by the batsman, on which ball is lifted up in air.
Full-Toss : A ball delivered by bowler above the ankles of the batsman without the bounce.
Boundary for Six : A ball hit by batsman in the air which lands outside the boundary line it is
given with six runs.
Substitute : A Player from batting fielding side is replaced with a new player. In super
substitute this replaced player can bat or field or bowl (with certain conditions). This is on
trial basis. This is also referred as twelfth man.
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SUBJECT – PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Power-Play :It is mounting pressure over batsman by placing close fielding positions ( 9
players inside the 30 yard circle). It can be in three stages on request by captain.
Pitch : The area of ground between the wickets where bowler bowls the ball.
Drive : It is hitting the ball in front field.
Danger-Area : An area close to batsman where ball can cause accident if player is not active
or without guard. This area is generally known as silly-point.
Hook-Shot: It is hitting the high raised ball with force towards the leg side
Pull-Short : It is hitting the ball forcefully with good back lift and follow-through action of the bat goes
towards the on side of field.
Square-Cut : It is hitting the straight coming ball towards the sides making ball to go perpendicular. It
is performed with good batting technique by tilting the bat at last stage. It is towards both sides known
as On Square-Cut, Leg Square-Cut’.
Bad-Light: Due to some condition there is low intensity of light which creates problem to batsmen, as
they are not able to see the coming ball properly. In this condition Umpire can declare bad light. Then
match is supposed to stop.
Sight-Screen : It is a specified white or coloured screen kept behind the stumps (especially behind
bowling stump) over the boundary line, to provide visibility of approaching bowler towards batsman. It
is with the dimension of 6 metre in length and 3 metre high.
Ball-Dead: Ball finally settles in the hands of wicket-keeper or bowler; batsman is out; ball reaches
over the boundary ; ball lodges in clothing of players; umpire calls for 'over' or 'time'.
30-Yard-Circle : An inner circle marked at 30 yard around the stumps. This circle is used during power
play to retain 9 fielders inside the 30 yard circle.
Luies Douglas-formula : It is a Statically calculation in which a revised target is given to the
opponent team. It is calculated by deducting slow rate overs or low scoring over from first batting team,
which has to be achieved within certain overs.
Bump-Ball: It is a hard hit to the ball over the ground by which the ball raises above the ground.
When this ball is fielded it seems like a catch. Ball is played just under the lower edge of bat which
gives appearance as the ball is hitted in air.
Short-Leg: An extremely close leg-side fielding position between the square leg and the mid wicket.
Out-Fields : The grass area around the boundaries.
Run-Up : An approach run taken by bowler during bowling.
Toss : Deciding factor to choose batting or bowling by luck before the start of match.
Bails-Off: Fall of wicket by bowler's delivery of ball.
Cover-Drive : A batting stroke in which over pitched ball is played with full swing of bat towards the
off-side area (between mid off and point fielding positions).
Straight-Drive : An over pitched ball is hitted straight with full control of bat.
Cut: Batting skill where ball is played between slip and cover fielding positions.
Glance : Batting skill in which ball is angled between square-leg and fine-leg.
In-Swing : Fast paced ball which turns (after the bounce or after the release from hand) inside
towards leg stump.
Out-Swing : Fast paced ball which turns away towards off-side stump.
Off-Spin : It is also known as Off-Break. In this the spinner makes the ball to mm towards leg stump
(on-side).
Leg-Spin : In this, ball is turned towards off-side of stumps by the spinner. It is also known as leg-break.
New Ball: New ball can be claimed by Captain at the start of innings; for test match not less
than 75 overs by one ball; when ball is lost or unfit for play or deformed.
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SUBJECT – PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Duties of Umpires : They are the officials in ground responsible tor administrating m imposing
the rules and regulations of the game. There are two Umpires ms.de the ground; once stands
behind the front wickets (facing batsman) the other Umpire observes from leg side of batting
wicket (leg Umpire). Umpire signals and declares the batsman out ; short -run ; end of over;
boundary; beginning on end power play ; no ball; wide ball ; leg bye- bye ; time-out, tune-over;
obstruction ; break. Umpire has the authority to change the ball, announce bad light for play,
Playground not lit for conduct of match, bad weather, performs the toss in the beginning, etc.
The Leg Umpire checks the fielder's position especially during power play; to declare no-ball
(above the waste, full toss and above the shoulder with bounce); short run towards batting
stumps; hit wicket, stumped out, etc. Leg Umpire assists the bowling umpire.
Duties of Third Umpire : The officials who witness the match with high-tech apparatus and
responsible for crucial or complicate decisions when i n need.
Duties of Captain : To perform the toss and choose accordingly. He is responsible of players'
conduct in the ground, take decision on behalf of whole like declaration of team, etc. Captain
guides the team actions like which bowler to bowl, fielders' position, die sequence of batting order,
etc. Captain requests the beginning or end of power play, substitute, runner, etc.
5. FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS OF CRICKET
Batting-Stance : Bat is held with both the hands and it is placed near the rear foot, while body is
slightly bent forward. The head looks towards the bowler. Body weight is on both the feet while
the shoulder points towards the bowler.
Front-Foot-Defence : In this, the batsman takes one foot ahead and simultaneously, the body weight
is shifted to front along with the bat. At this position, the ball is played.
Back-Foot-Defence : In this, the batsman moves his rear foot along with shifting weight At this
position the ball is played.
Strokes : Forward stroke, backward stroke, straight drive, cover drive lofted drive, pull shot, cut
shot, hook shot, glance, stepping out to drive the flighted ball, sweep These strokes can be played
to various points over fielding positions.
Bowling : There are fast pace bowlers, medium pace bowlers and spin bowlers. They are
specialised in their bowling action. Some pace bowlers are specialised for out swing or in swing,
whereas, some spinners are specialised for leg spin, off spin, googly fiipper, top spin etc. Pace
bowlers have longer run up approach whereas spinners have shorter run up approach
which may be straight or diagonal. Both types of bowlers use specific grip of ball to bring
variation in bowling.
Fielding Skills : Catching-high, slip catches, throwing at the stumps from different angles.
Wicket-Keeping Skills : Controlling the ball at back, catching, stumping, collection of ball
during throw.
6. IMPORTANT PERSONALITIES, TOURNAMENTS AND VENUES
( a) Arjuna Award Winners : S. Durani (1961), N. Pataudi (1964), V. Manjreker (1965),
C. G. Borde (1966), Ajit Wadekar (1967), E.A.S. Prasanna (1968), Bishan Singh Bedi (1969),
D.N.Sardesai (1970), S. Venkataraghavan (1971), E. D. Solkar (1972), B. S. Chandrashekhai
(1972), Sunil Gavaskar (1975), S. Rangaswamy (1976), G. R. Vishwanath (1977), Kapil De\
Nikhanj (1979), C.P.S. Chauhan (1980), Syed Kirmani (1980), D. Vengsarkar (1981).
Mohindei, Amarnath (1982), D. Edulji (1983), Ravi Shastri (1984), S. D. Kulkarni (1985), Md
Azharuddin, S. Aggarwal (1986), Madan Lai (1989), Manoj Prabhakar (1993), Kiran Mon
(1993), S. Tendulkar (1994), A. Kumble (1995), J. Srinath (1996), Saurav Ganguli (1998), R
Dravid, N. Mongia (1999), Venkatesh Prasad (2000), V.V.S Laxman (2001), V. Sehwag
(2003)Km Mithali Raj, Harbhajan Singh (2003), Km Anju Jain (2005), Km Anjum Chopra
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SUBJECT – PHYSICAL EDUCATION

(2006), Gautam Gambir (2009), Jhulan Goswami (2010), Zaheer Khan (2011).
(b)Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna : Sachin Tendulkar (1997), M.S. Dhoni (2008)
(c)Padma Shree Award : Bishan S. Bedi, Sunil Gavaskar, Kapil Dev, Sachin Tendulkai
Saurav Ganguli, R. Dravid, M.S. Dhoni, Harbhajan Singh.
(d)Dronacharya Awards (for coaches) : D. P. Azad,Gurcharan Singh, R. Achreker, Sunil
(e)International Personalities : S. Africa : Hansie Cronze, G. Cirsten, Smith, S. Pollock
Donald, Launce Klusner, H. Gibbs. England : N. Husain, Flintoff, M. Bond., W. Indies
–M.Marshal, B. Lara, V. Richards, G. Sobers, S. Chanderpal, R. Richardson. Pakistan : Imran
Khan, J. Miyandad. S. Afridi, S. Anwar, W. Akram, W. Younis, S.Akhtar. Sri Lanka -
Jaisurya, C. Vass, Murlitharan, Ranatunga, Desilva, Mahanama, Atapattu. Australia: D.Q.
Bradman, S. Waugh, A. Border, S. Warne, Brett Lee, McGrath, R. Ponting, Brad Lee.
Important Trophies/Tournaments/Championship : World Cup/ICC Cup, Sharjah Cup, Asia
Cup, Triangular Series, Ranji Trophy, Vijji Trophy, Duleep Trophy, Deodhar Trophy, World
Cup Junior, Challenger Trophy, Benson and Hedges Cup, Irani Trophy, National Games,
Cooch Bihar; Rani Jhansi Trophy (W).
Important Venues: Lord, Oval (England), Eden Garden (Kolkata), PCA Stadium (Mohali)
Feroze Shah Koda (Delhi), Chinnaswami Stadium (Bangaluru), Burlton park (Jalandhar),
Wakhede Stadium (Mumbai),Chidambram Stadium (Chennai), Roop Singh Stadium
(Gwalior), Tau Devilal Stadium (Punchkula), Green Park (Kanpur), Lai Bahadur Shastri
Stadium (Hydrabad). Sardar Patel Stadium (Ahmedabad), Vidarbha C.A. Ground (Nagpur).