1. What does a contractor fill in an item rate contract?

- b. Rates

2. Which type of contract would you choose for a small project?

- a. Lump Sum

3. Competitions in which participation may be limited to participants with definite

expertise are called
- b. Limited Competition

4. Which of these statements regarding copyright is false?

- b. It includes artistic character, design and processes and methods of construction.

5. What is the scale of charges for Interior design projects?

- a. 7.5% on the cost of works assigned

6. What percentage of total fees payable should the architect receive at the stage of
submission of working drawings?
- a. 65%

7. Following aspect is not the scope of work for an architectural project

-

8. Which of the following is not the architect’s obligation to the client

- a. Take up service only if one can do justice to it

9. Which are the following ways in which tenders are invited?

- a. Public notice

10. What is the contractor not liable to provide in the labour contract?
- c. Inventory of materials used

Q1. Describe the various roles the architect has to play in his profession? Explain the
standard of ethics an architect should maintain in the profession
https://www.slideshare.net/gayathriselvasegar/architecture-professional-practice-811383
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 Ans1

Understanding that architecture is a professional service means that architects must leave

their own beliefs and preferences at the clients' front door. In the context of professional

service, what the architect wants doesn't matter. Only providing clients with facilities that

meet their needs, goals, and beliefs matters.

● Architects must always obtain informed consent for any decision that materially impacts the

clients' interest in their projects or increases their risk. The informed part is particularly

important; in order to make a decision, owners need information that is clear, concise,

complete, correct, and not comprised of opinions masquerading as facts.

● Architects must understand and honor the limits of their knowledge. There's no shame in

asking for a specialist's help, as long as the client knows when it's happening.

● Prioritizing the writing of specifications is a necessity. Specifications that are begun and

shared early in the process and describe projects' systems and performance criteria have the

best chance of allowing the architect to align the design with the owner's goals and budget

and for the owner to follow and understand the decision process.

Ans2

The architect must inform the client of the conditions of engagement and scale of
charges and agree that these conditions will be the basis of appointment.
•Not sub-commission another architect the work without prior agreement of the
client.
•Not give or take discounts, commissions, gifts etc for introduction of clients.
•Compete fairly with other architects.
•Not partner with any person who is disqualified from registration.
•Provide employees with suitable working conditions and pay them fairly.
•Not advertise nor allow their name to be used for advertising purposes.
Explain what you understand with regards to the role of professional bodies like the
Council of Architecture and the Indian Institute of Architects? What is your opinion does
the role of registration of architects play in the career of an architect?

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTURE

•Affiliation to RIBA meant that now members of RIBA from Bombay Presidency
(consisting of present day western Maharashtra, northern Karnataka, Gujarat and
Sindh) as well as rest of India came under the fold of BAA.
•In order to reflect this expanded role, BAA was again renamed to Indian Institute of
Architects (IIA) on September 2, 1929.
•One of the chief objectives of IIA was “To encourage the study of Architecture, to
elevate the standard of Architectural Practice and by mutual support, to promote the
interests of Architects throughout India.”

COUNCIL OF ARCHITECTURE

•The Council of Architecture, India (CoA) is a statutory body established under the
Architects’ Act, 1972.
•CoA has several responsibilities regarding the education and practice of architecture in
India such as:
•Maintaining the Register of Architects.
•Registration and deregistration of architects.
•Recognition of institutes of architectural education.
•Setting out minimum standards for architectural education
Prescribing standards of professional conduct and ethics for architects

The Council of Architecture consists of the following persons as per Section 3(3) of the
Architects’ Act:
(a) five architects possessing recognised qualifications elected by the Indian Institute of
Architects from among its members;
(b) two persons nominated by the All India Council for Technical Education established
by the Resolution of the Government of India in the late Ministry of Education No.
F.16-10/44-E. Ill, dated the 30th November, 1945;
(c) five persons elected from among themselves by heads of architectural institutions in
India imparting full time instruction for recognised qualifications;
(d) the Chief Architects in the Ministries of the Central Government to which the
Government business relating to defence and railways has been allocated and the head
of the Architectural Organisation in the Central Public Works Department, ex officio;
(e) one person nominated by the Central Government;
(f) an architect from each State nominated by the Government of that State;
(g) two persons nominated by the Institution of Engineers (India) from among its
members; and
(h) one person nominated by the Institution of Surveyors of India from among its
members.

Responsibilities
● Control project from start to finish to ensure high quality, innovative and
functional design
● Take the “brief” to identify clients’ needs and put together feasibility reports and
design proposals
● Develop ideas keeping in mind client’s needs, building’s usage and
environmental impact
● Produce detailed blueprints and make any necessary corrections
● Compile project specifications
● Keep within budgets and timelines
● Ensure that all works are carried out to specific standards, building codes,
guidelines and regulations
● Make on-site visits to check on project status and report on project
● Cooperate and liaise with construction professionals
● Follow architectural trends and advancements

Why is it important to draft a contract in precise terms? What would be the specific
aspects that you would take into consideration while drafting a contract for an Institute
building?

The objective of entering into a contract is to clarify the parties' obligations while
providing them with legal protections. ... A good contract makes litigation less likely by
providing enforceable rights and remedies upon breach. Drafting is an important step,
but negotiating your contract is also critical.
It is always relevant to have an idea as to what constitutes contract, importance of
contract, advantages of contract and it is more important to have standard templates to
ensure smooth flow of your business as every business has procedure and process. As
informed, a contract can be simple and or complex and it is always better to have been
drafted and or vetted and or approved by a Commercial Lawyer practicing in the area.
specific aspects that you would take into consideration while drafting a contract for an
Institute building

CONTRACT DOCUMENTS:
Tender notice
General Rules
Letter of Submission of Tenders
Letter of Acceptance of Tenders
The Addenda and Corrigendum
Form Of Contract Agreement
Conditions of Contract
Schedule A
Schedule B
Specifications
Contract Drawings
Eligibility Criteria

Write a short note on the comprehensive architectural services. Explain the different
phases of work and stages of payment involved related with architectural practice.

The Architect is required to provide services in respect of the following :

Part I - ARCHITECTURE :

1. 1 Taking Client's instructions and preparation of design brief.

2. 2 Site evaluation, analysis and impact of existing and / or proposed development on
its immediate environs.
3. 3 Design and site development.
4. 4 Structural design.
5. 5 Sanitary, plumbing, drainage, water supply and sewerage design.
6. 6 Electrical, electronic, communication systems and design.
7. 7 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning design (HVAC) and other mechanical
systems.
8. 8 Elevators, escalators, etc.
9. 9 Fire detection, Fire protection and Security systems etc.
10. 10 Periodic inspection and evaluation of Construction works.

Part II _ ALLIED FIELDS :

1. 11 Landscape Architecture

2. 12 Interior Architecture

3. 13 Architectural Conservation

4. 14 Retrofitting of Buildings

5. 15 Graphic Design and Signage

Draft a tender notice for design and construction of a primary school in Mumbai
assuming suitable data.

Write a short note on special conditions of contract.

1. PERFORMANCE
Performance, in law, act of doing that which is required by a contract. The effect of
successful performance is to discharge the person bound to do the act from any future
contractual liability. Each party to the contract is bound to perform promises according
to the stipulated terms.

2. SECURITY DEPOSIT
The contractor is required to deposit with the owner a sum stated as a percentage of
the cost of the work in order to safeguard the interests of the owner in the event of
improper performance of the contract.

3. PROGRAM
4. SETTING OUT
5. MATERIALS, PLANT, WORKMANSHIP
6. LIGHTS, FENCING
7. DAMAGE
8. SUSPENSION OF WORK
9. TIME LIMIT FOR COMPLETION
DELAYS AND EXTENSION OF TIME
LIQUIDATED DAMAGES AND BONUS
Q6. What is an item rate tender? Explain with an example

•It is a offer to execute work based on the rates of different items of work.
•The tender form contains bill of quantities. The quantities are approximate and not
binding on the owner.
•The contractor simply fills in the rates.
•The contractor is paid on the measurement of work executed at the rates quoted in the
tender. The rates form part of the contract; the quantities do not.
•It is not risky for the contractor, hence quality of workmanship is assured.
•Reasonable variations can be made in the plans.
For example, a bill of quantities includes an item of work named reinforced cement
concrete work and the estimated quantity by the client is 15000 Cum. Under the item
rate contract, the contractor quotes a certain rate for this work package (Say Rs. 9306
per Cum).
1. Contract drawings and specifications
2. Priced bill of quantities
3. Construction programme
 4. Project quality management plan
5. Project health and safety plan
6. Conditions of contract
7. Risk insurance
1. Contract Drawings and Specifications

The contract drawings include the architectural drawings, the structural/geotechnical

engineering drawings, and the building services engineering drawings. These drawings
provide information regarding the arrangement of spaces, structural components,
electrical, mechanical and plumbing installations etc.

Specifications simply amplif the information given in the contract drawings and bill of
quantities. It describes in details the work to be executed under the contract and the
nature and quality of materials, components, and workmanship.

2. Priced Bill of Quantities

A priced Bill of quantities is a required document of contract that has its rate and
amount column filled by a contractor. A bill of quantities consists of a schedule of items
of work to be carried out under the contract with quantities entered against each item,
prepared in accordance with the Standard Method of Measurement of Building Works
(Seeley and Winfield, 2005)

3. Construction Programme

This is a document that is prepared in order to provide the project participants a

thorough appreciation of the work involved, to allow the site production team to sort out
its main constituent and decide how, in what order and at what time to do them, and to
ensure adequate coordination of the labor, materials and machinery requirements
(Bamisile, 2004).

4. Project Quality Management Plan

The Project Quality Management Plan defines the various quality related activities and
procedures which will be implemented on the project. It sets down requirements, gives
guidelines, provides information and indicates to appropriate personnel, the procedures
to be followed with respect to the Project Quality Management Plan. A sample outline of
the Project Quality Management Plan is referred to in the appendix.

5. Project Health and Safety Plan

The Project Health and Safety Plan is a document developed to secure the health,
safety and welfare of persons who will work or visit the site. It was also developed to
control the emission of toxic substances into the atmosphere and control the keeping
and use of substances that might be hazardous to health. An outline of the Project
Health and Safety Plan is delineated in the appendix.

6. Conditions of Contract

The conditions of contract define the terms, under which the work is to be undertaken,
the relationship between the client, architect and contractor, the duties of the architect
and contractors, and the terms of payment. (Seeley and Winfield, 2005)

7. Risk Insurance

This is a contract document which shows that all the personnel and equipment
associated with a construction project have been insured against loss or damage. By
insurance, all the risks associated with personnel and equipment in a construction
project is transferred to a third party.

(II) TWO STAGE COMPETITIONS

In two stage competition, the first stage is for soliciting ideas and therefore
the competition entries at this stage would be limited to planning on broad
basis and drawings to a suitable scale sufficient to indicate the intentions of
the competitor.

Designs submitted in the first stage shall be assessed by the Assessors for
selecting a small number of competitors (between 5 and 10). The author of
these selected designs will be invited to take part in the second stage of the
competition, and each architect so invited would be paid a specified sum.

In order to maintain anonymity, each competitor will be informed individually

whether he has been or has not been invited to participate in the second
stage. Correspondence in this respect will be the responsibility of the
Promoter or Professional Adviser, if appointed. It will also be his
responsibility to ensure that the names of those invited and those rejected
are not revealed either to the assessor or to any person.

To ensure this anonymity the envelopes containing the names of the

competitors shall be opened by the Promoter or Professional Adviser if
appointed. After the intimation has been sent to each competitor they shall
be resealed until the final award.

After the end of the first stage, the Board of Assessors, may, if found
necessary and with the approval of the Promoter, clarify or amplify points in
the competition conditions for the benefit of the second stage competitors.
Such clarification or amplification shall not in any way disclose directly or
indirectly or even inadvertently any of the designs submitted in the first
stage to those invited for the second stage.

The period between the Assessors award for the first stage and submission
of designs for the second stage shall not exceed six months. Only under
exceptional circumstances period may be extended.

The second stage of the competition may be limited to only a part of the
subject dealt with in the first stage.

Members of the Board of Assessors shall be the same for first stage and
second stage of the competition.

The designs submitted for both the first stage and the second stage shall be
exhibited and/or published only after the final award of the second stage
competition.

If any design selected for the second stage is published or exhibited before
the final award of the second stage has been declared, it will be disqualified.

Two stage competitions are recommended for town planning and for large
scale or complex project.