CHITKARA SCHOOL OF PLANNING

AND ARCHITECTURE

SUBJECT: PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE

ASSIGNMENT - 01

SUBMITTED BY: ISHIKA CHOPRA SUBMITTED TO: PROF. ANTONY

ROLL NO: 1915991040 KUMAR BOITY

SEMESTER: 10th
1. What are the different types of office types that can be formed for
architectural practice? What are the major differences? (5)

Different types of offices that can be formed for architectural practice

are categorized as follows-

Sole Proprietor: In a sole proprietorship, a single architect owns and

manages the practice, maintaining full control but also bearing all
responsibilities. This is an unincorporated business with no legal
distinction between the owner and the business entity. You are entitled
to all profits and are liable for all debt, losses, and liabilities. With a sole
proprietorship, there is no formal structure to establish. If you are a sole
business owner, you are automatically a sole proprietor.

Partnership: A partnership is a single business owned by two or more

people. Unless defined in a partnership agreement, all aspects of the
business are divided equally among each partner. Partnerships involve
shared ownership and responsibilities among two or more architects,
fostering collaboration and risk-sharing.

Corporation: A corporation is an independent legal entity owned by

shareholders. Shareholders are protected from liabilities for all the
business's actions and debts. Corporations offer the ability to sell
ownership shares through stock offerings.
2. What is the role of an arbitrator? Who can become an arbitrator?
Elaborate. (5)

Arbitration is a method of resolving disputes between two parties by

involving a neutral third party, the impartial third party is known as an
arbitrator.
An arbitrator mediates conflicts between two parties through the
process of arbitration. It is the arbitrator's responsibility to hear both
sides of the argument before rendering a decision that is legally
enforceable against them both.
The arbitrator may be chosen by the parties to the disagreement,
usually by putting the arbiter's name in an arbitration clause in their
agreement. As an alternative, each party may designate one or more
nominees, who will then serve as joint arbitrators. In certain
circumstances, an organization such as the International Institute for
Arbitration (IIA) may provide a list of potential arbitrators from which
to choose. This procedure is frequently used in place of litigation since
it can be quicker, more flexible, and less formal than traditional court
hearings.
3. Write a short note on the Schedule of Fees for an Architect. (5)

The cost of hiring an architect is determined on the services rendered and

the different phases of the project. Among these phases are:
Appointment fees: 5% of the total project cost is usually paid as an
appointment fee to the architect when they are hired for the work.
Submission of conceptual drawings: The architect provides conceptual
drawings for the client's evaluation after creating the project's original
concept.
Initial client approval and incorporating client suggestions: The
conceptual designs may undergo revisions and alterations in response to
the client's comments.
Statutory approval: The architect completes and sends the necessary
paperwork to the appropriate authorities.
Working drawings: Using the accepted concept as a guide, detailed
working drawings are created for construction.
Inviting or receiving tenders: The architect could help with the paperwork
and assessment of bids.
Different stages of work on-site: The architect might participate in site
visits, contractor coordination, and inspections.
Submitting a complete report & built drawings: After the project is
finished, the architect documents the built project with a report.
The architect may also charge for reimbursable expenses, paperwork, and
communication in addition to these stage-based fees. The client and the
architect should agree on the precise costs and services to be rendered.
4. Examine the detailed role and objectives of the Architects Act of 1972.
(5)

The Architect's Act of 1972 was enacted to provide for the registration of
architects and to establish a framework for regulating the architectural
profession in India. Its role and objectives include:
Enrolment of new architects: The Act establishes a procedure for new
architect enrolment, guaranteeing that candidates fulfill particular
requirements and norms prior to engaging in architectural practice.
Regulation of professional conduct: The Act sets out standards of
professional conduct expected from architects, including ethical
guidelines and responsibilities towards clients and the public.
Assessment of the standards of education & training of architects
within the country: The Act establishes a process for assessing the
quality of education and training programs for architects to maintain
high standards in the profession.
Inspection of architectural institutions: The Act mandates the inspection
of institutions offering architectural education to ensure that they meet
the prescribed standards for imparting quality education.
Setting up new architectural institutions: The Act provides a framework
for the establishment of new institutions offering architectural
education, subject to meeting specified criteria.
Assistance in providing necessary resources to promote architecture
education: The Act supports the development of architecture education
by providing resources and assistance to institutions, aiming to improve
the quality of architectural education in the country.
All things considered, the Architects Act of 1972 is essential to the
regulation of the architectural profession in India since it guarantees
the professionalism and competency of architects, upholds standards
for education and training, and promotes the profession's expansion.
5. Define the term "architect," outlining the responsibilities associated
with the role, and explore the ethical obligations an architect holds
about their profession. (5)

An architect is a professional responsible for planning, designing, and

overseeing the construction of buildings, places, structures, and other
architectural projects. Their responsibilities include:
Planning & Design: Architects create concepts and plans for buildings
and other structures while taking practicality, safety, and beauty into
account.
Creating Detailed Drawings: Architects create detailed drawings and
specifications that guide the construction process and ensure that the
building is constructed according to the design.
Construction oversight: Architects supervise the building phase to
guarantee that the designs are carried out accurately and that the
project satisfies all necessary requirements.
Collaborating with Clients: Architects work closely with clients to
understand their needs and requirements, incorporating their input into
the design process.
Coordinating with stakeholders: Architects work in conjunction with a
range of stakeholders, such as contractors, engineers, and regulatory
bodies, to guarantee a smooth project progression.
Compliance with building codes: In order to guarantee the safety and
legality of the construction, architects make sure that their plans
adhere to zoning rules, building codes, and other requirements.
Material selections: Building materials are chosen by architects with
consideration for durability, economy, and environmental impact.
Managing project budgets: Architects are often involved in managing
project budgets, ensuring that the design and construction stay within
the agreed-upon financial constraints.
Architects are responsible for more than just these technical duties;
they also have wider societal and environmental responsibilities. Given
the effects of their designs on society and the environment, they
should be socially and environmentally conscious. In their professional
interactions, they should also be open and truthful, putting the needs
of the public before those of their clients. Moreover, architects are
constrained by moral principles that forbid them from stealing other
people's designs, highlighting the significance of uniqueness and
ingenuity in their creations.
6. Enumerate the various forms of valuation and elucidate each category
with illustrative examples. (5)

Valuation is the technique of estimating and determining the fair price

or value of a property such as a building, a factory or other engineering
structures of various types and land etc.
Different types of valuation include:
1. Belting method: this approach is utilized on very big pieces of land.
As an illustration, given a piece of land is 500 meters long, we can
designate it as belt A up to 100 meters, belt B between 100 and 200
meters, and belt C between 300 and 400 meters. The prices of these
belts vary depending on their locations.
2. Unit approach: This approach multiplies the entire area by the unit
amount to determine the value of a unit of land, such as per square
foot.
For example, a 100 square foot plot costs 10,000 rupees per square
foot, so the total cost of the land is 100 times 10,000, or 100,000
rupees.
3. Land & Building method: This is a common method in the real
estate industry. The land value and the structure erected on it
determine the property's value.
As an example, the land is valued at 10,000000 according to market
rates, and the structure above it is valued at 50,000000, making the
total property worth of 15,000000.
4. Development Method: used for large-scale property valuation. It
includes the entire development cost as well as the land's present
worth.
7. Explore and elaborate on the nuances of the professional behaviour
expected from an architect, covering various facets of their conduct in
the architectural field. (10)

• Architects are required to follow the guidelines established by the

ARCHITECTS' PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT REGULATIONS.
• Client Engagement Transparency: Before the final appointment,
architects should explain to the client the fees and terms and
conditions.
• Architects should be transparent with their clients regarding
engagement fees and terms and circumstances before the final
appointment.
• An architect shouldn't sub-commission another architect to do their
work.
• An architect may thank those who recommend clients, but they should
refrain from offering gifts and cash.
• Architects should act in a way that avoids casting a bad light on them.
• Architects should not labor for free because doing so diminishes their
worth.
• When a new architect is approached by a client who is unhappy with
an earlier architect, the new architect should let the earlier architect
know before taking on the project.
• Every partner in an architectural firm needs to have a Council of
Architecture registration.
• To prevent disagreements and duties during emergencies, architects
and consultants must have a documented contract in place for any
project they work on.
• While a businessman can market their professional services, an
architect is unable to do so. However, they can have their name
permanently displayed on a structure they have created.
8. Outline the procedures for initiating an architectural competition for
an urban project, providing a comprehensive breakdown of the steps
involved and specifying the requisite information that must be
included. (10)

The process involved in initiating a competition is:

1. Define the goals and objectives of the competition
2. Prepare a competition brief with an introduction, site information,
requirements, Design restrictions, submission guidelines,
evaluation criteria, providing registration details and timeline
3. Providing submission deadlines
4. Form competition jury
5. Publicize the competition
6. Registrations and submissions
7. Evaluation and Judging
8. Winner Announcement
9. Copyright and right of ownership.