Electrolytes Cheat Sheet

HYPO HYPER
(135-145)
Causes S&S Causes S&S

A - Adrenal ❖ Tachycardia D - Fluid deprivation ❖ Normo/↓ HR

Na
insufficiency ❖ Normal/↓/↑ BP I - IV hypertonic solution excess ❖ Normal/↓/↑ BP
I - H20 intoxication ❖ Headache V - Vitamins “Sodium” ❖ Irregular HR
D - Diuretics ❖ Personality change supplement ❖ ↑BS
❖ Salt S - SIADH ❖ Weakness A - Amount of Na intake excess ❖ Thirst
❖ Soy sauce ❖ Hyperactive BS ❖ Restlessness
❖ Pork ❖ Seizures ❖ Dyspnea
❖ Cott/amer ❖ Muscle weakness
❖ Cheese
❖ Spinach Interventions Interventions
❖ Pickles
D - Diet, cheese, milk, soy sauce, salt, bacon, beef M - Monitor sodium intake/ Labs
broth A - Alka-Seltzer, aspirin , and cough preps shouldn’t be
R - Restrict fluids and NPO administered
G - gravity of urine monitoring
W - Weights daily I - I&O
A - Administer Iv hypertonic solutions C - Cardiac monitoring
I-I&O
T -Thiazide diuretics

(3.5-5.0)
G - GI loss (Vomiting) ❖ Tachydysrhythmias M- medications Ace, ❖ Bradydysrhythmias
O – Osmotic Diuresis ❖ Ortho hypotension spironolactone, NSAIDS ❖ Tall “T” waves on
T – Thiazides and ❖ Lethargy/fatigue A- Acidosis: metabolic and ❖ EKG

K
Loop diuretics ❖ ↓ BS, constipation respiratory ❖ Cardiac arrest
❖ Anorexia C- Cell destruction (burn, ❖ ↑BS Diarrhea
S – Severe Acid ❖ Muscle weakness trauma, Injury) ❖ Paresthesias
❖ Avocados Imbalance ❖ “U” waves on EKG H- Hypoaldosteronism
❖ Raisins H- I- intake excess K
❖ Cantaloupe Hyperaldosteronism N- nephrons/ renal failure
❖ Bananas O - Other meds such E- excretion : impaired
❖ Skim milk as Corticosteroids
❖ Spinach T- Transcellular Shift
Interventions Interventions
A- Assess EKG and ABG M - Monitor EKG
I - IV Potassium Chloride D - Diet, limit green leafy veggies and avocado
D - Diet: green leafy veggies K - Kayexalate administration
***NEVER PUSH POTASSIUM IV*** I - IV sodium Bicarb, Calcium Gluconate
D - Dialysis

(9-11)
❖ Hypotension ❖ Dysrhythmias
A - Antibiotics ❖ Bradycardia H - Hyperparathyroidism ❖ Pallor
C - Corticosteroids ❖ Tetany muscle A - Antacids ❖ HTN

Ca
I - Insulin spasm M - Malignancies cancer cells ❖ ↓ LOC Disorientation
D - Diuretics ❖ Laryngospasm/stri release excess ca+ ❖ ↓ DTR
dor ❖ ↓ BS, constipation
❖ Yogurt ❖ ↑ DTR, ↑ BS
❖ Cheese/mil diarrhea
❖ Sardines ❖ + Trousseau sign
❖ Rhubarb ❖ + Chvostek sign
Interventions Interventions
D - Diuretics F - sodium containing fluids
I- I&O I - IV phosphate
C - Calcium channel blockers /Calcium Gluconate L - Lasix
M - Monitor Labs and I&O
❖ HYPO: seizures, tetany, ❖ HYPO: muscle pain & weakness, bone pain,

(1.3-2.1) (2.5-4.5)
anorexia, tachycardia, HTN, confusion
mood changes ❖ HYPER: circumoral & peripheral parenthesis,
❖ HYPER: ↓ DTR, N/V, muscle spasms, tetany

Mg Ph
bradycardia, hypotension, ❖ FOODS: tuna, beef liver, pork, milk and
coma yogurt.
❖ FOODS: spinach, avocado,
tuna, oatmeal and milk