Triads

Name Triad Disease

Achalasia Triad increased lower esophageal Achalasia
sphincter (LES) tone, decreased
LES relaxation, aperistalsis
Alkaptonuria Triad Ochronotic arthritis, Alkaptonuria
Ochronotic pigmentation, Urine
darkens on standing
Amyand's Triad Amyand's hernia, Appendicitis,
Undescended testis
Anderson Triad Subcutaneous emphysema, Esophageal rupture
rapid respirations, and (likely intra-
abdominal rigidity abdominal)
Triad of Anderson Bronchiectasis, Cystic Fibrosis, Anderson Syndrome
syndrome (not to be Vitamin A deficiency
confused with the
Anderson triad of
esophageal rupture)
Beck's triad Muffled heart sound, Distended Cardiac tamponade
neck veins, Hypotension
Budd–Chiari syndrome abdominal pain, ascites, Budd–Chiari
Triad hepatomegaly syndrome
Charcot's cholangitis Right Upper Quadrant Pain, Ascending
triad Fever, Jaundice cholangitis
Charcot's neurologic scanning speech, intention Multiple sclerosis
triad tremor, nystagmus
Triad of congenital chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, Congenital
toxoplasmosis intracranial calcifications toxoplasmosis
Triad of congenital cataracts, patent ductus Congenital rubella
rubella arteriosus, sensorineural
hearing loss
Congestive Heart Tachycardia, Tachypnea, Congestive heart
Failure Triad Tender hepatomegaly failure
Cushing's triad of Bradycardia, Bradypnea, head injuries
Increased Intracranial Hypertension
Pressure
Dieulafoy's triad hyperesthesia of the skin, Acute appendicitis
exquisite tenderness and
guarding over McBurney's
point
Fanconi syndrome triad Aminoaciduria, Proteinuria, Fanconi syndrome
Phosphaturia
Female athlete triad eating disorders, amenorrhoea,
decreased bone mineral density
Gradenigos Triad Sixth cranial n. Palsy, Gradenigo's
Persistent ear discharge, Deep syndrome
seated retro orbital pain
Triad of opioid Respiratory depression,
overdose pinpoint pupils, CNS
depression
Triad of granulomatosis Focal necrotizing vasculitis, Granulomatosis
with polyangiitis necrotizing granulomas in the with polyangiitis
lung and upper airway,
necrotizing glomerulonephritis
Hakim Triad[1] (Adams Urinary incontinence, Gait Normal pressure
Triad) disturbance, Dementia hydrocephalus
Triad (Triad of Malena, Obstructive jaundice, Hemobilia
Sandblom) Biliary colic
Triad of Meigs' ascites, pleural effusion, benign Meigs' syndrome
Syndrome ovarian tumor
Hemolytic Uremic Anaemia, Thrombocytopenia, Hemolytic-uremic
Syndrome Triad Renal failure (But see Pentad of syndrome
TTP below)
Horner's Syndrome Ptosis (eyelid), miosis, Horner's syndrome
Triad anhydrosis
Hutchinson's triad Hutchison's teeth, Interstitial Congenital syphilis
keratitis, Nerve deafness
Kartagener Syndrome Triad of bronchiectasis, Kartagener
Triad Recurrent sinusitis, and, Situs syndrome
inversus,
Leriche's syndrome Triad of bilateral hip, thigh, and Leriche's syndrome
Triad buttock claudication,
impotence, and symmetric
atrophy of the bilateral lower
extremities due to chronic
ischemia
Mackler's triad vomiting, pain and Boerhaave
subcutaneous emphysema syndrome
Meltzer's triad purpura, arthralgias, Cryoglobulinemia
weakness/myalgias
Triad of Reactive Urethritis, conjunctivitis and Reactive arthritis
arthritis anterior uveitis, arthritis
Saint's Triad Gall stones, Diverticulosis,
Hiatus hernia
Samter's triad (also Aspirin sensitivity, Nasal Aspirin exacerbated
known as polyps, Asthma respiratory disease
Acetylsalicylic acid
triad or Widal's triad or
Francis' triad or Aspirin
triad)
Tetany in Children - Stridor, Carpopedal spasm, Tetany
Triad Convulsions
Triad of Albinism Black locks, Occulo-cutaneous Albinism
Albinism, Deafness of
sensorineural type
Triad of Alport Sensorineural deafness, Alport syndrome
Syndrome Progressive renal failure,
Ocular anomalies
Triad of Behcet's Recurrent oral ulcers, Genital Behcet's Syndrome
Syndrome ulcers, Iridocyclitis
Triad of Causes of Glossitis, Alopecia, Dermatitis
Biotin Deficiency
Triad of Henoch– Palpable purpura on IgA vasculitis
Schönlein purpura buttock/legs, arthralgias,
abdominal pain
Triad of Pain, hematuria, renal mass Hypernephroma
Hypernephroma
Triad of Kwashiorkor Growth retardation, Mental Kwashiorkor
changes, Edema
Triad of Plummer- Iron deficiency anemia, Plummer-Vinson
Vinson syndrome dysphagia, esophageal webs syndrome
Triple Test (for Estimation of hcg, Estriol, and
diagnosis of downs AFP
syndrome)
Trotter's Triad Conductive deafness, Nasopharyngeal
Immobility of homolateral soft carcinoma
palate, Trigeminal neuralgia
Unhappy Triad (Also Injury to the ACL, MCL, and Knee Injury
known as O'Donoghue's meniscus (either medial or
triad or a blown knee) lateral)
Virchow's triad Stasis, Hypercoagulability, Venous thrombosis
Vessel injury
Triad of Wernicke Confusion, ophthalmoplegia, Wernicke
encephalopathy ataxia encephalopathy
Whipple's Triad Hypoglycaemia during attacks, Insulinoma
resolution of symptoms upon
correction of blood glucose,
symptoms brought about by
low glucose states.
Triad of Aortic stenosis Chest pain, Heart failure, Aortic Stenosis
Syncope
Murphy's triad Pain-> Vomiting -> Fever Acute appendicitis
Tillaux's triad soft fluctuant swelling in Mesenteric cyst
umbilical region, swelling
moves perpendicular to
messentery, zone of resonance
all around swelling
Rigler's triad small bowel obstruction, a Gallstone ileus
gallstone outside the
gallbladder, and air in the bile
ducts

Tetrad
Name Tetrad Disease
Tetralogy of pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, Tetralogy of
Fallot right ventricular hypertrophy, overriding aorta Fallot
Ménière's vertigo, tinnitus, fluctuating low frequency Ménière's
disease hearing loss, aural fullness disease

Pentads
Name Pentad Disease
Pentad of Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, Thrombotic
TTP Fever, Disturbed neurological function, thrombocytopenic
Renal failure, Thrombocytopenia purpura
Pentalogy Omphalocele, Anterior diaphragmatic Thoracoabdominal
of Cantrell hernia, Sternal cleft, Ectopia cordis, syndrome
Intracardiac defect.
Pentalogy Fallot's tetralogy with, in addition, a
of Fallot patent foramen ovale or, Atrial septal
defect.
Reynold's Right Upper Quadrant Abdominal pain, acute suppurative
Pentad Fever, Jaundice, Shock and Depression cholangitis
of central nervous system function