Architectural Criticism and Analysis
0703441
Associate Professor: Dr Safa
Abdullah Mohammad Al Husban
Summer 2021/2022
BURJ KHALIFA
Done by :
Mohammad Nasser
Abdallah Manzalawi
Sama Qandeel
Ahmad Aljafari
Saif Jazini
Hosam Riyad
Burj Khalifa
mixed-use skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, that
is the world's tallest building, . Built to house a variety of
commercial, residential, and hospitality ventures, reached
162 floors and a height of 2,717 feet (828 meters).
The architectural design and purpose of Burj Khalifa acts as
to the Downtown Dubai redevelopment mega project.
Dubai, as the city has become to be known in the past 30
years, is a highly developed, modern, and global metropolis.
Burj Khalifa in Dubai, United Arab
Emirates
Completed: January, 2010
Architect: Skidmore, Owings and Merrill
(Adrian Smith)
Project Manager: Turner International
Main Contractor: Samsung Corporation
(South Korea)
Developer: Emaar Properties
Located in:
1 Sheikh Mohammed
bin Rashid Blvd -
Downtown Dubai -
Dubai - United Arab
Emirates
Burj's Architectural
Design
The context of the Burj Dubai
being located in the city of Dubai,
UAE, drove the inspiration for the
building form to incorporate
cultural, historical, and organic
influences particular to the region
Facts Regarding Design & Construction of Burj
Khalifa
•This building design was a challenge and its design was inspired
by Hymenocallis flower.
•The construction work was started in 2004 and completed in 2009.
This building officially inaugurated on January 4, 2010.
•431,600 cubic yards of concrete was used to build this tower which is
equivalent to 100,000 elephants and Over 58,900 cubic yards of
concrete was used to construct the foundation.
•Construction took approximately 22 million man-hours.
Global Expertise, Local Inspiration…
Burj Khalifa's design is inspired by Middle Eastern
architecture, but an international team of experts came
together to build it.
Burj Khalifa, the tallest
building
in the world, stands at a
whopping 829.8 m (tip to tip).
There are 163 floors in the tall
skyscraper.
A 'Vertical City'
Burj Khalifa has been called
'vertical city' and the name Tallest building 828 meters
couldn't be more apt. Given its Tallest man-made structure
magnitude and mixed-use Tallest free-standing structure
facilities, it holds in the region Highest residential apartments
of 10,000 people at any given Largest number of stories
point in time. The highest restaurant in the world
Highest outdoor observation deck
World record for vertical concrete
pumping
The Weight of Burj Khalifa Tallest service elevator
Completely empty Burj Khalifa weighs Highest aluminum and glass façade
approximately 500,000 tones. Highest observation deck in the world
World's Tallest Art Gallery
Burj Khalifa is home to the commissioned works
of over 85 artists from around the world. The art
works vary from impressionism to abstract works,
but they all reveal an Arabic cultural context.
Burj Khalifa features the world's highest 196 Nationalities Global Collaboration
library on Level 123 of The Residences. The wonder of Burj Khalifa was made possible by the
collaboration of more than 30 on-site contracting
companies from around the world a fact that is
embodied in 'World Voices', an art installation in the
lobby of The Residence
Challenges
These experiences had prepared the multidisciplinary design The solar
team to envision what the tower would become. They would heat gain
have to design for numerous challenges that would become would be
intensified when scaling up to meet the height requirement. high.
Piecewise this included the hot,
costal environment where the soil
conditions were poor
The wind speeds would
have to be considered from
the beginning of the design.
Even small
earthquakes could
be a disaster.
Concept
Floral Inspiration
The spider lily or Hymenocallis, which
served as inspiration for the form of
Burj Khalifa, is an noticeable part of
the stunning landscaping that
surrounds the tower
The tower’s overall design was
inspired by the geometries of a
regional desert flower and the
patterning systems embodied in
Islamic architecture.
Built of reinforced concrete and clad in
glass, the tower is composed of sculpted
volumes arranged around a central
buttressed core.
Architectural Style
Islamic style
There is a glimpses of the
Modern style Islamic architectural style
Modern architectural simplicity appear on the building. If
with a seamless blend of we look at the Burj Khalifa
technology and design that lays the from the base or from the
foundation for tall skyscrapers, air, it evokes the onion
developments, start-ups and towns. domes prevailing in
Islamic architecture.
High tech style
As for the interior design of the
building, it was designed in a high-
tech style, and this appears in the
residential suites in the tower.
Futuristic style
Burj Khalifa is a neo-futuristic building, symbolizing the
modern, high-tech architecture of the 21st century. Centered
in Downtown Dubai, the largest business and tourism hub in
the Emirate of Dubai.
Accessibility
A Town Comes To Life
All of Downtown Dubai - including The
Dubai Mall, Mohammed Bin Rashid
Boulevard, Souk Al Bahar, Old Town, and The
Address Hotels - were coming to life along
side Burj Khalifa.
Anchoring the Community
Burj Khalifa serves as an anchor to the Downtown
Dubai community. A multicultural area,
Downtown Dubai brings the best of the Arab and
Western worlds together, offering something for
everyone.
Site forces
How did they deal with the climate?
Structurally, the building had to have a large
base and a tapering shape to the spire so that it
would be stable. This form would counter the
lateral forces caused by wind and earthquakes
and transfer the loads into the poor sandstone
base over a large area. To these parameters the
design was fixed
Landscape
A View of The Dubai Fountain
Aside from a stunning view of the city of Dubai, the
Observation Decks of Burj Khalifa also offers a unique aerial
view of The Dubai Fountain. The performance soundtrack is
played at the top for an immersive experience.
The tower's landscaped
areas are divided into
three distinct sections for
the residences, the
offices and the hotel. The
landscape design
comprises a palm court,
six water features, a
lake-side promenade
forest groves, a play area
and terrace gardens.
Plans
Sky Lobbies
There are three Sky Lobbies
in Burj Khalifa. Located on
levels 43, 76 and 123, these
public spaces offer
amenities such as spas,
pools, outdoor sundecks,
gyms, and juice bars, among
others.
Experience Function
A Scent Apart Spa Corridor
The common areas of Burj Khalifa all The corridor approach to
have a bespoke fragrance that was the spa in each Sky Lobbies
selected from among 18 aromas. The designed using glass and
fragrance with the materials in each responsive lighting that
space for a subtly different experience. evokes the feeling of
walking on water.
World Voices
The lobby of The Residence at
Burj Khalifa is dominated by
artist Jaume Plensa's eponymous
sculpture' World Voices'. The
piece incorporates 196 cymbals.
Water dropping gently from the
ceiling strikes the cymbals and
creates a chorus of distinct
tones that represent the voices
of people worldwide.
Elevations
materials
Burj Khalifa comprises 39,000 m/t
of reinforced steel; 103,000 square
meters (1.1 million square feet) of
glass; and, 15,500 square meters
(166,800 square feet) of Embossed
stainless steel.
The total weight of aluminum used in the building of Burj Khalifa is equivalent to
that of five A380 aircraft and the total length of stainless steel bullnose fins is
293 times the height of the Eiffel Tower
Lighting
A Little Sparkle Burj Khalifa's lighting
perfectly complements the character of the
building as a simple and elegant structure. The
facade is lit by a series of stroboscopes, that
can be individually programmed to chase up
the tower or sparkle in a pattern or at random.
section vertical movement
Burj Khalifa's
stairwell has a
total of 2.909
steps leading up to
the 160th floor.
Elevators & Escalators
Burj Khalifa has a total of 57 elevators and
eight escalators. Among them are the world's
tallest service elevator, which has a capacity of
5.500 kg and the Observatory elevators, which
are double deck cabs that travel at 10 m/s.
VIEWS
Up in the Clouds
On a foggy morning, when a thick
You can watch the
layer of fog settles over the city of
sunset twice in the
Dubai, the view from Burj Khalifa's
same day from the Burj
Observation Decks is something to be
Khalifa, once from the
hold it appears as though you are
ground floor and once
standing above the clouds.
from one of the upper
floors
Rooms with a view of the
Burj Khalifa are more
expensive than rooms in
the hotel itself
Charming view from
the top of the clouds
Interior lighting
Luxury Interiors
Burj Khalifa is a study in the world's most Natural lighting,
luxurious materials- the interiors of the tower also known as
feature silver travertine flooring, Venetian stucco daylighting, is a
walls, handmade rugs, stone flooring and dark, technique that
intricate Brazilian Santos rosewood. efficiently brings
natural light into your
home using exterior
glazing (windows,
skylights, etc.)
Artificial light
has the capacity to create a
number of different
ambiences in the same space
making it a sort of “space
shaper”, adapting the
atmosphere according to the
consumers’ needs.
services Safety
Water Supply Safety First
Burj Khalifa's water system supplies an
To ensure fire safety and
average of 946,000 liters of water a day.
speed of evacuation, all
Given the height of the tower, water
stairwells in Burj Khalifa are
storage tanks are installed in the main
surrounded by concrete and
mechanical plant room floors, which are
there are pressurized, air-
located every 30 floors.
conditioned refuge areas
almost every25 floors.
Behind the Scenes
All the equipment
essential for the
operation of Burj Khalifa
are housed in seven
double-storey-height
mechanical floors.
Located every 30 floors,
they accommodate the
electrical sub-stations,
water tanks and pumps,
and air-handling units.
Structure
A Strong Foundation
Burj Khalifa's superstructure is supported
by a 3.7 meters thick reinforced concrete
mat. It took12,500 cubic meters of high-
density, low-permeability concrete to build
the mat. A cathodic protection system
under the mat helps to mitigate the effects
of corrosive chemicals in the groundwater.
Casting Call
A Story of Concrete A jump form system
The highest reinforced was used to cast Burj
concrete core walls in Burj Khalifa's concrete
Khalifa were pumped at structure. At peak
80 MPa to a height of efficiency, it was able
601metres in November to cast a story every
2007. three days.
