Burj Khalifa 1

Burj Khalifa
Burj Khalifa
‫ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ‬

Former names Burj Dubai

Record height

Tallest in the world since 2010[I]

Preceded by Taipei 101

General information

Status Complete

Type Mixed-use

Location Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Coordinates [1]
25°11′49.7″N 55°16′26.8″E Coordinates: 25°11′49.7″N 55°16′26.8″E [1]
Construction started January 2004

Completed 2010

Opening 4 January 2010

Cost USD $ 1.5 billion

Height

Architectural 828 m (2,717 ft)

Tip 829.8 m (2,722 ft)

Roof 828 m (2,717 ft)

Top floor 584.5 m (1,918 ft)

Observatory 452.1 m (1,483 ft)

Technical details

Floor count 163 floors

plus 46 maintenance levels in the spire and 2 parking levels in the basement
Burj Khalifa 2

Floor area 309,473 m2 (3,331,100 sq ft)

Design and construction

Architect Adrian Smith at SOM

Developer Emaar Properties

Structural engineer Bill Baker at SOM

Main contractor Samsung Engineering and Construction Company, Besix and Arabtec
Supervision Consultant Engineer & Architect of Record Hyder Consulting
Construction Project Manager Turner Construction
Grocon
Planning Bauer AG and Middle East Foundations
Lift contractor Otis
VT consultant Lerch Bates

Website

[2]
www.burjkhalifa.ae

Burj Khalifa (Arabic: ‫ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ‬, "Khalifa Tower"), known as Burj Dubai prior to its inauguration, is a skyscraper in
Dubai, United Arab Emirates, and is the tallest man-made structure in the world, at 829.8 m (2,722 ft).
Construction began on 21 September 2004, with the exterior of the structure completed on 1 October 2009. The
building officially opened on 4 January 2010, and is part of the new 2 km2 (490-acre) development called Downtown
Dubai at the 'First Interchange' along Sheikh Zayed Road, near Dubai's main business district. The tower's
architecture and engineering were performed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill of Chicago, with Adrian Smith as
chief architect, and Bill Baker as chief structural engineer. The primary contractor was Samsung C&T of South
Korea.

Conception
Burj Khalifa was designed to be the centerpiece of a large-scale, mixed-use development that would include 30,000
homes, nine hotels (including The Address Downtown Dubai), 3 hectares (7.4 acres) of parkland, at least 19
residential towers, the Dubai Mall, and the 12-hectare (30-acre) man-made Burj Khalifa Lake.
The building has returned the location of Earth's tallest freestanding structure to the Middle East, where the Great
Pyramid of Giza had claimed this achievement for almost four millennia before being surpassed in 1311 by Lincoln
Cathedral in England.
The decision to build Burj Khalifa is reportedly based on the government's decision to diversify from an oil based
economy to one that is service and tourism based. According to officials, it is necessary for projects like Burj Khalifa
to be built in the city to garner more international recognition, and hence investment. "He (Sheikh Mohammed bin
Rashid Al Maktoum) wanted to put Dubai on the map with something really sensational," said Jacqui Josephson, a
tourism and VIP delegations executive at Nakheel Properties.
Burj Khalifa 3

Height

Records
• Tallest existing structure: 829.8 m (2,722 ft) (previously KVLY-TV mast – 628.8 m or 2,063 ft)
• Tallest structure ever built: 829.8 m (2,722 ft) (previously Warsaw radio mast – 646.38 m or 2,121 ft)
• Tallest freestanding structure: 829.8 m (2,722 ft) (previously CN Tower – 553.3 m or 1,815 ft)
• Tallest skyscraper (to top of spire): 829.8 m (2,722 ft) (previously Taipei 101 – 509.2 m or 1,671 ft)
• Tallest skyscraper to top of antenna: 829.8 m (2,722 ft) (previously the Willis (formerly Sears) Tower – 527 m or
1,729 ft)
• Building with most floors: 163 (previously World Trade Center – 110)
• Building with world's highest occupied floor
• World's highest elevator installation (situated inside a rod at the very top of the building)
• World's longest travel distance elevators: 504m (1,654 ft)
• Highest vertical concrete pumping (for a building): 606 m (1,988 ft)[3]
• World's tallest structure that includes residential space
• World's second highest outdoor observation deck: 124th floor at 452 m (1,483 ft) When it first opened, the
observation deck was the highest outdoor observation deck in the World, but it has since been surpassed by Cloud
Top 488 on top of Canton Tower.
• World's highest installation of an aluminium and glass façade: 512 m (1,680 ft)
• World's highest nightclub: 144th floor
• World's highest restaurant (At.mosphere): 122nd floor at 442 m (1,450 ft) (previously 360, at a height of 350 m
(1,148 ft) in CN Tower)
• World's highest New Year display of fireworks.
• World's second highest swimming pool: 76th floor (world's highest swimming pool is located on 118th floor of
Ritz-Carlton Hotel at International Commerce Centre, Hong Kong).

History of height increases

There are unconfirmed reports of
several planned height increases since
its inception. Originally proposed as a
virtual clone of the 560 m (1,837 ft)
Grollo Tower proposal for Melbourne,
Australia's Docklands waterfront
development, the tower was redesigned
by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill
(SOM). Marshall Strabala, an SOM
architect who worked on the project
until 2006, in late 2008 said that Burj Burj Khalifa compared with some other well-known tall structures
Khalifa was designed to be 808 m
(2,651 ft) tall.

The design architect, Adrian Smith, felt that the uppermost section of the building did not culminate elegantly with
the rest of the structure, so he sought and received approval to increase it to the current height.[citation needed] It has
been explicitly stated that this change did not include any added floors, which is fitting with Smith's attempts to
make the crown more slender.[4]
Burj Khalifa 4

Delay
Emaar Properties announced on 9 June 2008 that construction of Burj Khalifa was delayed by upgraded finishes and
would be completed only in September 2009. An Emaar spokesperson said "The luxury finishes that were decided
on in 2004, when the tower was initially conceptualized, is now being replaced by upgraded finishes. The design of
the apartments has also been enhanced to make them more aesthetically attractive and functionally superior." A
revised completion date of 2 December 2009 was then announced. However, Burj Khalifa was opened on 4 January
2010, more than a month later.

Architecture and design

The tower was designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, who also
designed the Willis Tower (formerly the Sears Tower) in Chicago and
the new One World Trade Center in New York City. The Burj Khalifa
uses the bundled tube design, invented by Fazlur Rahman Khan.
Proportionally, the design uses half the amount of steel used in the
construction of the Empire State Building thanks to the tubular system.
Its design is reminiscent of Frank Lloyd Wright's vision for The
Cross-section comparisons
Illinois, a mile high skyscraper designed for Chicago. According to
Marshall Strabala, an SOM architect who worked on the building's
design team, Burj Khalifa was designed based on the 73 floor Tower Palace Three, an all residential building in
Seoul. In its early planning, Burj Khalifa was intended to be entirely residential.

Subsequent to the original design by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, Emaar Properties chose Hyder Consulting to be
the supervising engineer with NORR Group Consultants International Limited chosen to supervise the architecture
of the project. Hyder was selected for its expertise in structural and MEP (mechanical, electrical and plumbing)
engineering. Hyder Consulting's role was to supervise construction, certify SOM's design, and be the engineer and
architect of record to the UAE authorities. NORR's role was the supervision of all architectural components
including on site supervision during construction and design of a 6-storey addition to the Office Annex Building for
architectural documentation. NORR was also responsible for the architectural integration drawings for the Armani
Hotel included in the Tower. Emaar Properties also engaged GHD, an international multidisciplinary consulting
firm, to act as an independent verification and testing authority for concrete and steelwork.
Burj Khalifa 5

The design of Burj Khalifa is derived from patterning systems

embodied in Islamic architecture. According to the structural engineer,
Bill Baker of SOM, the building's design incorporates cultural and
historical elements particular to the region such as the spiral minaret.
The spiral minaret spirals and grows slender as it rises. The Y-shaped
plan is ideal for residential and hotel usage, with the wings allowing
maximum outward views and inward natural light. As the tower rises
from the flat desert base, there are 27 setbacks in a spiralling pattern,
decreasing the cross section of the tower as it reaches toward the sky
and creating convenient outdoor terraces. At the top, the central core
emerges and is sculpted to form a finishing spire. At its tallest point,
the tower sways a total of 1.5 m (4.9 ft).

As part of a study which reveals the unnecessary "vanity space" added

to the top of the world's tallest buildings by the Council on Tall
Buildings and Urban Habitat, it was revealed that without its 244-metre
spire, the 828-metre Burj Khalifa would drop to a substantially smaller
585-metre height without any reduction in usable space. As the report
The spiral minaret at the Great Mosque of
states, the spire "could be a skyscraper on its own".
Samarra
To support the unprecedented height of the building, the engineers
developed a new structural system called the buttressed core, which consists of a hexagonal core reinforced by three
buttresses that form the ‘Y' shape. This structural system enables the building to support itself laterally and keeps it
from twisting.
The spire of Burj Khalifa is composed of more than 4,000 tonnes (4,400 short tons; 3,900 long tons) of structural
steel. The central pinnacle pipe weighing 350 tonnes (390 short tons; 340 long tons) was constructed from inside the
building and jacked to its full height of over 200 m (660 ft) using a strand jack system. The spire also houses
communications equipment.
In 2009, architects announced that more than 1,000 pieces of art would adorn the interiors of Burj Khalifa, while the
residential lobby of Burj Khalifa would display the work of Jaume Plensa, featuring 196 bronze and brass alloy
cymbals representing the 196 countries of the world. It was planned that the visitors in this lobby would be able to
hear a distinct timbre as the cymbals, plated with 18-carat gold, are struck by dripping water, intended to mimic the
sound of water falling on leaves.
The exterior cladding of Burj Khalifa consists of 142,000 m2 (1,528,000 sq ft) of reflective glazing, and aluminium
and textured stainless steel spandrel panels with vertical tubular fins. The cladding system is designed to withstand
Dubai's extreme summer temperatures. Additionally, the exterior temperature at the top of the building is thought to
be 6 °C (11 °F) cooler than at its base. Over 26,000 glass panels were used in the exterior cladding of Burj Khalifa.
Over 300 cladding specialists from China were brought in for the cladding work on the tower.
A 304-room Armani Hotel, the first of four by Armani, occupies 15 of the lower 39 floors. The hotel was supposed
to open on 18 March 2010, but after several delays, it finally opened to the public on 27 April 2010. The corporate
suites and offices were also supposed to open from March onwards, yet the hotel and observation deck remained the
only parts of the building which were open in April 2010.
The sky lobbies on the 43rd and 76th floors house swimming pools. Floors through to 108 have 900 private
residential apartments (which, according to the developer, sold out within eight hours of being on the market). An
outdoor zero-entry swimming pool is located on the 76th floor of the tower. Corporate offices and suites fill most of
the remaining floors, except for a 122nd, 123rd and 124th floor where the At.mosphere restaurant, sky lobby and an
indoor and outdoor observation deck is located respectively. In January 2010, it was planned that Burj Khalifa would
Burj Khalifa 6

receive its first residents from February 2010.

Burj Khalifa can accommodate up to 35,000 people at any one time. A total of 57 elevators and 8 escalators are
installed. The elevators have a capacity of 12 to 14 people per cabin, the fastest rising and descending at up to 10 m/s
(33 ft/s) for double-deck elevators. However, the world's fastest single-deck elevator still belongs to Taipei 101 at
16.83 m/s (55.2 ft/s). Engineers had considered installing the world's first triple-deck elevators, but the final design
calls for double-deck elevators. The double-deck elevators are equipped with entertainment features such as LCD
displays to serve visitors during their travel to the observation deck. The building has 2,909 stairs from the ground
floor to the 160th floor.
The graphic design identity work for Burj Khalifa is the responsibility of Brash Brands, who are based in Dubai.
Design of the global launch events, communications, and visitors centers for Burj Khalifa have also been created by
Brash Brands as well as the roadshow exhibition for the Armani Residences, which are part of the Armani Hotel
within Burj Khalifa, which toured Milan, London, Jeddah, Moscow and Delhi.

Plumbing systems
The Burj Khalifa's water system supplies an average of 946,000 L (250,000 US gal) of water per day through
100 km (62 mi) of pipes. An additional 213 km (132 mi) of piping serves the fire emergency system, and 34 km
(21 mi) supplies chilled water for the air conditioning system. The waste water system uses gravity to discharge
water from plumbing fixtures, floor drains, mechanical equipment and storm water, to the city municipal sewer.

Air conditioning
The air conditioning system draws air from the upper floors where the air is cooler and cleaner than on the ground.
At peak cooling times, the tower's cooling is equivalent to that provided by 13,000 t (29,000,000 lb) of melting ice in
one day. The condensate collection system, which uses the hot and humid outside air, combined with the cooling
requirements of the building, results in a significant amount of condensation of moisture from the air. The condensed
water is collected and drained into a holding tank located in the basement car park; this water is then pumped into the
site irrigation system for use on the Burj Khalifa park.

Window cleaning
To wash the 24,348 windows, totaling 120,000 m2 (1,290,000 sq ft) of glass, a horizontal track has been installed on
the exterior of Burj Khalifa at levels 40, 73, and 109. Each track holds a 1,500 kg (3,300 lb) bucket machine which
moves horizontally and then vertically using heavy cables. Above level 109, up to tier 27 traditional cradles from
davits are used. The top of the spire, however, is reserved for specialist window cleaners, who brave the heights and
high winds dangling by ropes to clean and inspect the top of the pinnacle. Under normal conditions, when all
building maintenance units will be operational, it will take 36 workers three to four months to clean the entire
exterior façade.
Unmanned machines will clean the top 27 additional tiers and the glass spire. The cleaning system was developed in
Melbourne, Australia at a cost of A$8 million. The contract for building the state-of-the-art machines was won by
Australian company Cox Gomyl.
Burj Khalifa 7

Features

The Dubai Fountain

Outside, WET Enterprises designed a fountain system at a cost of
Dh 800 million (US$217 million). Illuminated by 6,600 lights and 50
coloured projectors, it is 275 m (902 ft) long and shoots water 150 m
(490 ft) into the air, accompanied by a range of classical to
contemporary Arabic and world music. On 26 October 2008, Emaar
announced that based on results of a naming contest the fountain would
be called the Dubai Fountain.

The Dubai Fountain

View from the observation deck looking north

Observation deck
An outdoor observation deck, named At the Top, opened on 5 January
2010 on the 124th floor. It is the third-highest observation deck in the
world and the second-highest outdoor observation deck in the world, at
452 m (1,483 ft). The observation deck also features the Behold
Telescope, an augmented reality device developed by gsmprjct° of
Montréal, which allows visitors to view the surrounding landscape in
real-time, and to view previously saved images such as those taken at
View from the observation deck
different times of day or under different weather conditions. To
manage the daily rush of sightseers, visitors are able to purchase tickets
in advance for a specific date and time and at a 75% discount over tickets purchased on the spot.

On 8 February 2010, the observation deck was closed to the public after power-supply problems caused an elevator
to become stuck between floors, trapping a group of tourists for 45 minutes. Despite rumours of the observation deck
reopening for St. Valentine's Day (14 February), it remained closed until 4 April 2010.

Burj Khalifa park

Burj Khalifa is surrounded by an 11 ha (27-acre) park designed by landscape architects SWA Group. The design of
the park is also inspired by the core design concepts of Burj Khalifa which is based on the symmetries of the desert
flower, Hymenocallis. The park has six water features, gardens, palm lined walkways, and flowering trees. At the
centre of the park and the base of Burj Khalifa is the water room, which is a series of pools and water jet fountains.
In addition the railing, benches and signs incorporate images of Burj Khalifa and the Hymenocallis flower.
Burj Khalifa 8

The plants and the shrubbery will be watered by the buildings's condensation collection system that uses water from
the cooling system. The system will provide 68,000,000 L (15,000,000 imp gal) annually. WET Enterprises, who
also developed the Dubai Fountain, developed the park's six water features.

Floor plans
The following is a breakdown of floors.

Floors Use

160 and above Mechanical

156–159 Communication and broadcast

155 Mechanical Dimetric projection with floors

[5]
colour-coded by function

139–154 Corporate suites

136–138 Mechanical

125–135 Corporate suites

124 At the Top observatory

123 Sky lobby

122 At.mosphere restaurant

111–121 Corporate suites

109–110 Mechanical

77–108 Residential

76 Sky lobby

73–75 Mechanical

44–72 Residential
Burj Khalifa 9

43 Sky lobby

40–42 Mechanical

38–39 Armani Hotel suites

19–37 Residential

17–18 Mechanical

9–16 Armani Residences

1–8 Armani Hotel

Ground Armani Hotel

Concourse Armani Hotel

B1–B2 Parking, mechanical

Construction
The tower was constructed by Samsung Engineering & Construction of
South Korea, which also did work on the Petronas Twin Towers and
Taipei 101. Samsung Engineering & Construction built the tower in a
joint venture with Besix from Belgium and Arabtec from UAE. Turner
is the Project Manager on the main construction contract.
Under UAE law, the Contractor and the Engineer of Record, Hyder
Consulting, is jointly and severally liable for the performance of Burj
Khalifa.
The primary structure is reinforced concrete. Putzmeister created a thumbtime=0:23
new, super high-pressure trailer concrete pump, the BSA 14000
SHP-D, for this project. Over 45,000 m3 (58,900 cu yd) of concrete,
weighing more than 110,000 tonnes (120,000 short tons; 110,000 long
tons) were used to construct the concrete and steel foundation, which
features 192 piles; each pile is 1.5 metre diameter x 43 m long, buried
more than 50 m (164 ft) deep. Burj Khalifa's construction used
330,000 m3 (431,600 cu yd) of concrete and 55,000 tonnes (61,000
short tons; 54,000 long tons) of steel rebar, and construction took
22 million man-hours. A high density, low permeability concrete was
used in the foundations of Burj Khalifa. A cathodic protection system
under the mat is used to minimize any detrimental effects from
corrosive chemicals in local ground water. In May 2008 Putzmeister
pumped concrete to a then world record delivery height of 606 m
(1,988 ft), the 156th floor. Three tower cranes were used during
construction of the uppermost levels, each capable of lifting a 25-tonne Aerial closeup of Burj Khalifa under
load. The remaining structure above is constructed of lighter steel. construction in March 2008

Burj Khalifa is highly compartmentalised. Pressurized, air-conditioned refuge floors are located approximately every
35 floors where people can shelter on their long walk down to safety in case of an emergency or fire.
Special mixes of concrete are made to withstand the extreme pressures of the massive building weight; as is typical
with reinforced concrete construction, each batch of concrete used was tested to ensure it could withstand certain
pressures. CTLGroup, working for SOM, conducted the creep and shrinkage testing critical for the structural
analysis of the building.
Burj Khalifa 10

The consistency of the concrete used in the project was essential. It was difficult to create a concrete that could
withstand both the thousands of tonnes bearing down on it and Persian Gulf temperatures that can reach 50 °C
(122 °F). To combat this problem, the concrete was not poured during the day. Instead, during the summer months
ice was added to the mixture and it was poured at night when the air is cooler and the humidity is higher. A cooler
concrete mixture cures evenly throughout and is therefore less likely to set too quickly and crack. Any significant
cracks could have put the entire project in jeopardy.
The unique design and engineering challenges of building Burj Khalifa have been featured in a number of television
documentaries, including the Big, Bigger, Biggest series on the National Geographic and Five channels, and the
Mega Builders series on the Discovery Channel.

Milestones
• January 2004: Excavation
commences.
• February 2004: Piling starts.
• 21 September 2004: Emaar
contractors begin construction.
• March 2005: Structure of Burj
Khalifa starts rising.
• June 2006: Level 50 is reached. Burj Khalifa and skyline of Dubai, 2010
• February 2007: Surpasses the Sears
Tower as the building with the most floors.
• 13 May 2007: Sets record for vertical concrete pumping on any building at 452 m (1,483 ft), surpassing the
449.2 m (1,474 ft) to which concrete was pumped during the construction of Taipei 101, while Burj Khalifa
reached the 130th floor.
• 21 July 2007: Surpasses Taipei 101, whose height of 509.2 m (1,671 ft) made it the world's tallest building, and
level 141 reached.
• 12 August 2007: Surpasses the Sears Tower antenna, which stands 527.3 m (1,730 ft).
• 12 September 2007: At 555.3 m (1,822 ft), becomes the world's tallest freestanding structure, surpassing the CN
Tower in Toronto, and level 150 reached.
• 7 April 2008: At 629 m (2,064 ft), surpasses the KVLY-TV Mast to become the tallest man-made structure, level
160 reached.
• 17 June 2008: Emaar announces that Burj Khalifa's height is over 636 m (2,087 ft) and that its final height will
not be given until it is completed in September 2009.
• 1 September 2008: Height tops 688 m (2,257 ft), making it the tallest man-made structure ever built, surpassing
the previous record-holder, the Warsaw Radio Mast in Konstantynów, Poland.
• 17 January 2009: Topped out at 829.8 m (2,722 ft).
• 1 October 2009: Emaar announces that the exterior of the building is completed.
• 4 January 2010: Burj Khalifa's official launch ceremony is held and Burj Khalifa is opened. Burj Dubai renamed
Burj Khalifa in honour of the President of the UAE and ruler of Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed al Nahyan.
• 10 March 2010 Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) certifies Burj Khalifa as world's tallest
building.
Burj Khalifa 11

Real estate values

In March 2009, Mohamed Ali Alabbar, chairman of the project's developer, Emaar Properties, said office space
pricing at Burj Khalifa reached US$4,000 per sq ft (over US$43,000 per m²) and the Armani Residences, also in Burj
Khalifa, sold for US$3,500 per sq ft (over US$37,500 per m²). He estimated the total cost for the project to be about
US$1.5 billion.
The project's completion coincided with the global financial crisis of 2007–2012, and with vast overbuilding in the
country; this led to high vacancies and foreclosures. With Dubai mired in debt from its huge ambitions, the
government was forced to seek multibillion dollar bailouts from its oil-rich neighbor Abu Dhabi. Subsequently, in a
surprise move at its opening ceremony, the tower was renamed Burj Khalifa, said to honour the UAE President
Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan for his crucial support.
Because of the slumping demand in Dubai's property market, the rents in the Burj Khalifa plummeted 40% some ten
months after its opening. Out of 900 apartments in the tower, 825 were still empty at that time. However, over the
next two and a half years, overseas investors steadily began to purchase the available apartments and office space in
Burj Khalifa. By October 2012, Emaar reported that around 80% of the apartments were occupied.

Official launch ceremony

The opening of Burj Khalifa was held on 4 January 2010. The ceremony featured
a display of 10,000 fireworks, light beams projected on and around the tower,
and further sound, light and water effects. The celebratory lighting was designed
by UK lighting designers Speirs and Major. Using the 868 powerful stroboscope
lights that are integrated into the façade and spire of the tower, different lighting
sequences were choreographed, together with more than 50 different
combinations of the other effects.

The event began with a short film which depicted the story of Dubai and the
evolution of Burj Khalifa. The displays of sound, light, water and fireworks
followed. The portion of the show consisting of the various pyrotechnic, lighting,
The opening ceremony of Burj
water and sound effects was divided into three. The first part was primarily a
Khalifa
light and sound show, which took as its theme the link between desert flowers
and the new tower, and was co-ordinated with the Dubai Fountain and
pyrotechnics. The second portion, called 'Heart Beat', represented the construction of the tower in a dynamic light
show with the help of 300 projectors which generated a shadow-like image of the tower. In the third act, sky tracers
and space cannons enveloped the tower in a halo of white light, which expanded as the lighting rig on the spire
activated.

The ceremony was relayed live on a giant screen on Burj Park Island, as well as several television screens placed
across the Downtown Dubai development. Hundreds of media outlets from around the world reported live from the
scene. In addition to the media presence, 6,000 guests were expected.
Burj Khalifa 12

Reception

Awards
In June 2010, Burj Khalifa was the recipient of the 2010 Best Tall Building Middle East & Africa award by the
Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. On 28 September 2010 Burj Khalifa won the award for best project of
year at the Middle East Architect Awards 2010.
The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat bestowed a new award for Burj Khalifa at its annual “Best Tall
Buildings Awards Ceremony” on 25 October 2010 when Burj Khalifa honored as first recipient of CTBUH’s new
Tall Building “Global Icon” Award. According to CTBUH the new “Global Icon” award recognizes those very
special supertall skyscrapers that make a profound impact, not only on the local or regional context, but on the genre
of tall buildings globally. Which is innovative in planning, design and execution, the building must have influenced
and reshaped the field of tall building architecture, engineering, and urban planning. It is intended that the award will
only be conferred on an occasional basis, when merited by an exceptional project perhaps every ten or fifteen years.
CTBUH Awards Chair Gordon Gill, of Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture said:
"There was discussion amongst members of the jury that the existing ‘Best Tall Building of the Year’ award
was not really appropriate for the Burj Khalifa. We are talking about a building here that has changed the
landscape of what is possible in architecture a building that became internationally recognized as an icon long
before it was even completed. ‘Building of the Century’ was thought a more appropriate title for it."
Beside these awards, Burj Khalifa was the recipient of following awards.
• 2012 • Award of Merit for World Voices Sculpture, Burj Khalifa Lobby from Structural Engineers Association of
Illinois, Chicago.
• 2011 • Interior Architecture Award, Certificate of Merit from AIA - Chicago Chapter.
• 2011 • Distinguished Building Award, Citation of Merit from AIA - Chicago Chapter.
• 2011 • Interior Architecture Award: Special Recognition from AIA - Chicago Chapter.
• 2011 • Design Excellence Award: Special Function Room.
• 2011 • Excellence in Engineering from ASHRAE - Illinois Chapter.
• 2011 • Outstanding Structure Award from International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering.
• 2011 • Decade of Design, Presidential Commendation in Corporate Space Small from International Interior
Design Association (IIDA).
• 2011 • Decade of Design • Best of Category/Mixed Use Buildings from International Interior Design Association
(IIDA).
• 2011 • GCC Technical Building Project of the Year from MEED.
• 2011 • Project of the Year from MEED.
• 2010 • International Architecture Award.
• 2010 • Arab Achievement Award 2010: Best Architecture Project from Arab Investment Summit.
• 2010 • Architecture Award (Mixed Use) Dubai from Arabian Property Awards.
• 2010 • Architecture Award (Mixed Use) Arabian Region from Arabian Property Awards.
• 2010 • International Architecture Award from Chicago Athenaeum.
• 2010 • American Architecture Award from Chicago Athenaeum.
• 2010 • Commercial / Mixed Use Built from Cityscape.
• 2010 • Best Mixed Use Built Development in Cityscape Abu Dhabi.
• 2010 • Skyscraper Award: Silver Medal from Emporis.
• 2010 • Award for Commercial or Retail Structure from Institution of Structural Engineers.
• 2010 • International Architecture Award (Mixed Use) from International Commercial Property Awards.
• 2010 • Special Recognition for Technological Advancement from International Highrise Awards.
• 2010 • Best Structural Design of the Year from LEAF Award.
Burj Khalifa 13

• 2010 • International Projects Category: Outstanding Project from National Council of Structural Engineers
Associations.
• 2010 • Best of What's New from Popular Science Magazine.
• 2010 • Spark Awards, Silver Award.
• 2010 • Excellence in Structural Engineering: Most Innovative Structure from Structural Engineers Association of
Illinois.

BASE jumping
The building has been used by several experienced BASE jumpers for both authorized and unauthorized BASE
jumping:
• In May 2008, Hervé Le Gallou and David McDonnell, dressed as engineers, illegally infiltrated Burj Khalifa
(around 650 m at the time), and jumped off a balcony situated a couple of floors below the 160th floor.[6]
• On 8 January 2010, with permission of the authorities, Nasr Al Niyadi and Omar Al Hegelan, from the Emirates
Aviation Society, broke the world record for the highest BASE jump from a building after they leapt from a
crane-suspended platform attached to the 160th floor at 672 m (2,205 ft). The two men descended the vertical
drop at a speed of up to 220 km/h (140 mph), with enough time to open their parachutes 10 seconds into the
90-second jump.[7]

Climbing
On 28 March 2011, Alain "Spiderman" Robert scaled the outside of Burj Khalifa. The climb to the top of the spire
took six hours. To comply with UAE safety laws, Robert, who usually climbs in free solo style, took the unusual step
of using a rope and harness for the climb.

Suicide
Within 17 months of the building's official opening, a man described as "an Asian in his mid-30s" who worked at
one of the companies in the tower, committed suicide on 10 May 2011 by jumping from the 147th floor. He fell 39
floors, landing on a deck on the 108th floor. Dubai police confirmed the act as a suicide, reporting that "We also
came to know that the man decided to commit suicide as his company refused to grant leave."

In popular culture
During the summer of 2009, while Burj Khalifa was still under construction, contestants from The Amazing Race 15
visited the 120th floor to collect a clue. The helipad of the building was later featured as the pitstop of the fourth leg
of the race in the second season of the reality competition series The Amazing Race Australia.
• A substantial part of the plot of Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol, the fourth of the Mission: Impossible film
series, takes place in and around the Burj Khalifa and involves Tom Cruise's character Ethan Hunt having to scale
a large section of the exterior using high-tech adhesive gloves in order to access and hack the building's security
systems. Filming included stuntwork on the building's exterior with some scenes shot in the IMAX format.
• Some scenes of the 2012 Malayalam language movie, Diamond Necklace, directed by Lal Jose were shot in Burj
Khalifa. It is the first Indian film featuring this building.
• The building features prominently in the 2012 video game Spec Ops: The Line developed by Yager Development
and published by 2K Games. It is referred to only as "the tallest building in Dubai" during the course of the story
and is not a particularly close likeness of the real structure.
• In the History Channel show Life After People episode "Home Wrecked Homes", Burj Khalifa is shown to have
been stripped of most of its glass facade due to high-speed desert winds, before it collapses from corrosion of its
base, 250 years after people.
Burj Khalifa 14

• The music video for Imran Khan's song Satisfya had multiple scenes filmed at the Burj Khalifa.
• In the 2013 Disney film Planes, an animation of the Dubai skyline is shown,as Dusty flies around the tower.
• In one of the first episodes of The Thundermans, it is shown when Hank and Barb stay in a fancy hotel near the
tower.

Fireworks displays
• 2010-2011, fireworks accompanied by lasers and lights were displayed from the Burj Khalifa, making it the
highest New Year fireworks display in the world. The theme of the 2011 New Year fireworks was the "New Year
Gala", a tribute to the spirit of Dubai, which is home to over 200 nationalities. The display also marked the first
anniversary of Burj Khalifa.
• 2011-2012, Burj Khalifa was fully illuminated in white, red and green colors, drawing on the colors of the UAE
national flag, through the fireworks display. The celebrations were also a salute to the nation.
• 2012-2013, The fireworks display on Burj Khalifa, in a blaze of light and color, the fireworks engulfed the tower,
synchronized and choreographed to a live performance by the Prague Philharmonic Orchestra. A window table
for the New Year event was also arranged on the 122nd floor of the building at Atmosphere restaurant, at cost of
16,000 dirhams (4,300 dollars) per person.
• On 27 November 2013 Burj Khalifa was illuminated with lights and fireworks display following announcement
of Dubai as winning city to host World Expo 2020.
• 2013-2014, The Burj Khalifa and surrounding areas were the site of a record-breaking fireworks display as part of
the UAE's New Year celebrations, with a reported 400 thousand fireworks being set off continuously for six
minutes.

Labour controversy
Burj Khalifa was built primarily by workers from South Asia. On 17 June 2008, there were 7,500 skilled workers
employed at the construction site. Press reports indicated in 2006 that skilled carpenters at the site earned £4.34 a
day, and labourers earned £2.84. According to a BBC investigation and a Human Rights Watch report, the workers
were housed in abysmal conditions, and worked long hours for low pay. During the construction of Burj Khalifa,
only one construction-related death was reported. However, workplace injuries and fatalities in the UAE are "poorly
documented".
On 21 March 2006, about 2,500 workers, who were upset over buses that were delayed for the end of their shifts,
protested, damaged cars, offices, computers, and construction equipment. A Dubai Interior Ministry official said the
rioters caused almost £500,000 in damage. Most of the workers involved in the riot returned the following day but
refused to work.
Burj Khalifa 15

Gallery

1 February 2006

29 August 2006

21 March 2007
Burj Khalifa 16

4 December 2007

10 December 2007
Burj Khalifa 17

11 March 2008

31 March 2012

References
[1] http:/ / tools. wmflabs. org/ geohack/ geohack. php?pagename=Burj_Khalifa& params=25_11_49. 7_N_55_16_26.
8_E_type:landmark_region:AE-DU
[2] http:/ / www. burjkhalifa. ae
[3] Burj Khalifa -- Conquering the World's Tallest Building (http:/ / www. forconstructionpros. com/ article/ 10293208/
burj-khalifa-conquering-the-worlds-tallest-building)
[4] Cityscape, 18 September 2005. Retrieved on 5 May 2006.
[5] SOM rendering (http:/ / img169. imageshack. us/ img169/ 4228/ picture1po0. png)
[6] Video documentary about the BASE jump from the Burj Dubai tower.
[7] Highest base jump-Nasr Al Niyadi and Omar Al Hegelan sets world record (http:/ / www. worldrecordsacademy. org/ sports/
highest_base_jump_Nasr_Al_Niyadi_and_Omar_Al_Hegelan_sets_world_record_101495. htm). Retrieved 9 January 2010.

External links
• Official website (http://www.burjdubai.com)
• Views (http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/dubai/9831964/
360-degree-view-from-the-worlds-tallest-building-in-Dubai.html)
• Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP (http://www.som.com/), architects
• Burj Khalifa (http://skyscrapercenter.com/dubai/burj-khalifa/) on CTBUH Skyscraper Center
• Emporis page on Burj Khalifa (http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=burjdubai-dubai-unitedarabemirates)
• World's Tallest Building (By Far) (http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/38222/
worlds-tallest-building-by-far) – slideshow by Life magazine
• The Burj Dubai Tower Wind Engineering (http://www.structuremag.org/archives/2006/June-2006/
SF-Wind-Engineering-Burj-Dubai-Tower-June-06.pdf) PDF (597 KB); Wind Tunnel Testing (http://www.
Burj Khalifa 18

structuremag.org/archives/2006/Nov-2006/F-Burj-Dubai-Tower-Irwin-etal-Nov_06.pdf) PDF (620 KB)
(Irwin et al., Structure magazine, June and November 2006)
• Wind and Other Studies (http://www.rwdi.com/project_profiles/burj_dubai/) performed by RWDI
• BBC reports: Burj Khalifa opening (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/8438857.stm), with
video and links; Maintaining the world's tallest building (http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-20526216)
• World's Tallest Tower Opens (http://www.thefirstpost.co.uk/
46384,in-pictures,news-in-pictures,in-pictures-worlds-tallest-tower-burj-khalifa-dubai-opens-skyscraper-fireworks)
– slideshow by The First Post
• A 45 Gigapixel zoom and pannable photo from Gigapan (http://www.gigapan.org/gigapans/48492/)

Records
Preceded by World's tallest structure ever built Incumbent
Warsaw Radio Mast 2008 – present
646.38 m (2,120.67 ft)
Preceded by World's tallest structure
KVLY-TV mast 2008 – present
628.8 m (2,063 ft)
Preceded by World's tallest free-standing
CN Tower structure
553.33 m (1,815.39 ft) 2007 – present
Preceded by World's tallest building
Taipei 101 2010 – present
509.2 m (1,670.6 ft)
Preceded by Building with the most floors
Willis Tower 2007 – present
108 floors
Article Sources and Contributors 19

Article Sources and Contributors

Burj Khalifa  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=596412887  Contributors: 09dwendler, 10metreh, 1123581321, 12heki, 1exec1, 1rheckmann, 21yearoldboyfromNY, 2D,
360kerala, 360photosynthesis, 4twenty42o, 842U, 9258fahsflkh917fas, 9591353082, A2,304, A3RO, A455bcd9, ABF, ACBest, ACSE, AP1787, ATinyMouse, Aaron Schulz, Aaron7chicago,
Aaroncrick, Aartie, Aausterm, Aav416, Abe.Froman, Abebenjoe, Abhisura007, Aboloai, Acdx, Acehunter, Acourt323, Acroterion, Acthompson, Adam.J.W.C., Adamschneider, Addshore,
Adikhebat, Adjiebrotot, AdultSwim, Agari, AgnosticPreachersKid, Agonsw, Aheilner, Aidenwiki, AlJambi, Alansohn, Alaska+yukon, Alataristarion, Albany NY, Alberrosidus, Alcmaeonid,
Alethiareg, Alexanderbm, Alexkorn, AlexxxT, Alexxz4, Allan kuan1992, Alohahell, Alokprasad84, Alpertron, AlphabetDigitPhi, Alton.arts, Amayrand, Ambrosen, Amire80, AmishMustard,
Amj 87, Amornoguerra, AnOddName, Analogue Kid, Anber, Andonic, AndreaPersephone, Andreona, Andres, Andy M. Wang, Andy45z, Anetode, Angrysockhop, Ankitbhatt, Anonymous
Dissident, Anonymous8899, Antandrus, Antonio Lopez, Arbium, Architect001, Archivers, Arctic Kangaroo, Argcar5199, ArielGold, Armando, Arpingstone, Arsonal, Art LaPella, Arthena,
Aspensti, Assason, Astronaut, Atheros1, Atlantics88, Atropos235, Ausie101, Auzern, Avraham, AxG, AxelBoldt, Axeman89, Axilera, Axl, Axyjo, Ayreezy, Ayrton Prost, Azalero, B137,
BD2412, BENNY14O4, Badger Brock, Bagatelle, Barefootguru, Baronislol, BarretB, Barrykad, Bart133, Bartcase, Basil9099, Bason0, Bcajhm, Beesterdog, Belanda Gila, Bender235,
Benjamin22b, Benjaminlevine, Benniwinkles, Berasategui, Beseven286, Beyond 1000, Beyond My Ken, Bezuidenhout, Bhadani, Bigbluefish, Bigtrick, Billydog, Bincem, Binthaneya,
Bjankuloski06en, Bkell, Black Orchid, Blake Burba, Blake-, Blaylockjam10, Blurpeace, BoLingua, Bob Palin, Bob rulz, Bobak, Bobblewik, Bobo192, Bobrayner, Boffy, Bogdangiusca, Boing!
said Zebedee, Boivie, Bollyjeff, Bonadea, Bonus Onus, BorgQueen, Boyd32, Boyfriendtogirlsaloud, Bradwilkins, Bram gruwez, BrandonsLe, BrennanPhil, Brian the Editor, Bryan Derksen,
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Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors

File:Burj Khalifa.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Burj_Khalifa.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: Armbrust, Astronaut,
Crisco 1492, King of Hearts
File:BurjKhalifaHeight.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:BurjKhalifaHeight.svg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors:
BurjDubaiHeight.svg: Rama derivative work: Astronaut (talk)
File:Comparisonfinal001fx7.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Comparisonfinal001fx7.png  License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.5  Contributors: Paul C.
Martens. Original uploader was AlphabetDigitPhi at en.wikipedia. Later version(s) were uploaded by Kaldari at en.wikipedia.
File:Great Mosque of Samarra.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Great_Mosque_of_Samarra.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0  Contributors: Izzedine
File:Burj Khalifa fountain.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Burj_Khalifa_fountain.JPG  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors:
Rokaszil
File:ViewFinancialCenterFromBurjKhalifaMarch2012.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:ViewFinancialCenterFromBurjKhalifaMarch2012.jpg  License: Creative
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File:View from burj khalifa6934713247 db12c311cb o.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:View_from_burj_khalifa6934713247_db12c311cb_o.jpg  License: Creative
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File:Burj Khalifa floors.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Burj_Khalifa_floors.svg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: Cmglee
File:Burj Dubai Evolution.ogv  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Burj_Dubai_Evolution.ogv  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: Pierre
F.
File:Burj dubai aerial closeup.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Burj_dubai_aerial_closeup.jpg  License: GNU Free Documentation License  Contributors: Aheilner
File:Burj Dubai 001.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Burj_Dubai_001.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.5  Contributors: Nepenthes
File:Burj khalifa opening ceremony.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Burj_khalifa_opening_ceremony.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0
 Contributors: Desagwan, Hammersoft, King of Hearts, TheCuriousGnome, VernoWhitney, 1 anonymous edits
File:Burj2.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Burj2.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Original author and uploader was Soonadracula at en.wikipedia
File:20060829 Burj Dubai.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:20060829_Burj_Dubai.jpg  License: Public domain  Contributors: Dubai resident 06
File:Burjdubaifeb2107.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Burjdubaifeb2107.jpg  License: GNU Free Documentation License  Contributors: Original uploader was
Zaneyboy at en.wikipedia Later versions were uploaded by Falcorian at en.wikipedia. (Original text : zaneyboyzaneyboy)
File:Burj Dubai 20071204.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Burj_Dubai_20071204.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0  Contributors: Joi Ito from
Inbamura, Japan
File:Burj Dubai Under Construction on 10 December 2007.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Burj_Dubai_Under_Construction_on_10_December_2007.jpg  License:
GNU Free Documentation License  Contributors: Imre Solt
File:Burj dubai 3.11.08.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Burj_dubai_3.11.08.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported  Contributors:
Aheilner
File:Burj Khalifa and Dubai Metro perfect timing.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Burj_Khalifa_and_Dubai_Metro_perfect_timing.JPG  License: Creative
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