Assignment 1

1. What is the Code of Kalantiaw all about?

The Code of Rajah Kalantiaw was a supposed legal code in the epic history Maragtas that is said to have been
written in 1433 by Datu Kalantiaw, a chief on the island of Negros in the Philippines.

The Code of Kalantiyaw, which listed 18 orders for the proper punishment of certain moral and social
transgressions. Depending on the gravity of the offense, punishment ranged from a light fine to being cut to pieces and
thrown to crocodiles. 

2. What are the controversies regarding this Code?

There are some controversies about the authenticity of the Code of Kalantiaw because there are some
statements that say the code of Kalantiaw is not considered as one of the history of the Philippines due to the lack of
historical evidence. There are no written or pictorial documents since then in the history of the Philippines. There are
also no documents from other countries that mention the great Kalantiaw. There is also no evidence that Philippine
culture gave rise to such a barbaric set of laws.

In the Pavon manuscript show other controversy of these codes of kalantiaw is. Because apart from the dubious
origin of the Code of Kalantiaw and the Leyendes ni Pavón, which contain it, these documents themselves are both
highly dubious. The title of the Code is The 17 theses, or laws of Rules [Datus] used in 150 since 1433 (sic) but there are
actually 18 laws listed, covering about forty different offences, and not 16 that law as reported by Artigas in 1913. And of
course, the dates in the title are meaningless.

3. When was it found out to be a hoax?

In 1968, however, historian William Henry Scott called this a “hoax” in his book “Prehispanic Source Materials for the
Study of Philippine History”. 

Assignment 2
1. Research the translated version of the rules in Kartilya.
The 14 rules of Kartilya ng Katipunan ni Emilio Jacinto

 Ang kabuhayang hindi ginugugol sa isang malaki at banal na kadahilanan ay kahoy na walang lilim, kun di
damong makamandang.
 The life that is not consecrated to a lofty and reasonable purpose is a tree without a shade, if not a
poisonous weed.

The First code of conduct simple tells us that we must have a purpose-driven life. We must know how to set our

goals and find meaning to our life because without knowing our purpose, we will suffer from unwanted

situations.

2
 Ang gawang magaling na nagbubuhat sa pagpipita sa sarili, at hindi talagang nasang gumawa ng
kagalingan, ay di kabaitan
  To do good for personal gain and not for its own sake is not virtue. 

This means that we must not be selfish. We must do good deed not to earn praises but to show it with our whole

heart because a deed done only for fame is not worthy to be called good.

 Ang tunay na kabanalan ay ang pagkakawang gawa, ang pagibig sa kapwa at ang isukat ang bawat kilos,
gawa’t pangungusap sa talagang katuiran.
 It is rational to be charitable and love one’s fellow creature, and to adjust one’s conduct, acts and words to
what is in itself reasonable. 
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It gives us the real definition of true act of kindness – Being kind is simply seen by the service and love one

gives to his/her fellowmen without asking anything in return.

 Maitim man at maputi ang kulay ng balat, lahat ng tao’y magkakapantay: mangyayaring ang isa’y higtan sa
dunong, sa yaman, sa ganda…, ngunit di mahihigtan sa pagkatao.
 Whether our skin be black or white, we are all born equal: superiority in knowledge, wealth and beauty are
to be understood, but not superiority by nature. 

The 4th rule highlights EQUALITY. We are all born to be equal no matter what race, status, and educational

background we have. Our society may have divided us into groups but we must all understant that no one is a

superior of anyone.

 Ang may mataas na kalooban inuuna ang puri sa pagpipita sa sarili; ang may hamak na kalooban, inuuna
ang pagpipita sa sarili sa puri.
 The honorable man prefers honor to personal gain; the scoundrel, gain to honor. 

A good person must understand that honoring oneself also means he or she values honor rather than personal

interest. True honor means having a high moral standard behavior

 6

 Sa taong may hiya, salita’y panunumpa.

 To the honorable man, his word is sacred. 

The rule 6 tells us that we must be a man of our own words. Whatever said must be done. We must do things

that we promised because we can never take back what we have been said so ” walk the talk “.

 Huwag mong sayangin ang panahun: ang yamang nawala’y mangyayaring magbalik; ngunit panahung
nagdaan na’y di na muli pang magdadaan.
 Do not waste thy time: wealth can be recovered but not time lost. 

Everyone must understand the importance of time. We usually focus ourselves on worrying from different

material things. This code of conduct tells us to treasure time because we can never take it back. At the end we

might end up having regreting for the things we weren’t able to do. We have make use of our time wisely.

 Ipagtanggol mo ang inaapi; kabakahin ang umaapi.

 Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor before the law or in the field.

We don’t have the same strenghts but we can help one another. We must choose to fight for what is right –

Fight with the weak people who needs your help and comfort and Fight those people who keep on putting

others down by oppressing them.

 Ang taong matalino’y ang may pagiingat sa bawat sasabihin, at matutong ipaglihim ang dapat ipaglihim.
 The prudent man is sparing in words and faithful in keeping secrets

This highlights the importance of trust and comfidentiality. A wise man is a man who thinks of what he says

and keeps what is needed to be kept.

10
 Sa daang matinik ng kabuhayan, lalaki ay siyang patugot ng asawa’t mga anak: kung ang umaakay ay tungo
sa sama, ang pagtutunguhan ng inaakay ay kasamaan din.
  On the thorny path of life, man is the guide of woman and the children, and if the guide leads to the
precipice, those whom he guides will also go there. 

All of us needs to be a model for everyone because whatever they saw in us will also be followed by the people

who sees us. And a true man leads his family to the right path by showing them that he is righteous.

11

 Ang babai ay huwag mong tignang isang bagay na libangan lamang, kun di isang katuang at karamay sa
mga kahirapan nitong kabuhayan; gamitan mo nag boong pagpipitagan ang kaniyang kahinaan, at alalahanin
ang inang pinagbuhatan at nagiwi sa iyong kasanggulan.
 Thou must not look upon woman as a mere plaything, but as a faithful companion who will share with thee
the penalties of life; her (physical) weakness will increase thy interest in her and she will remind thee of the
mother who bore thee and reared thee. 

This principle is about women. That every woman deserves to be respected and no man shall see them as an

object nor a past time. Just like what they always say, a man who don’t respect a woman do not respect his

mother who gave him birth. Girls deserve to be loved with full respect and care.

12

 Ang di mo ibig na gawin sa asawa mo, anak at kapatid, ay huag mong gagawin sa asawa, anak at kapatid ng
iba.
 What thou dost not desire done unto thy wife, children, brothers and sisters, that do not unto the wife,
children, brothers and sisters of thy neighbor. 

Every action that any man do is important. Every action has its own consequences. We must not do bad things

against other people if we don’t want other people to do bad things against us.

13

 Ang kamahalan ng tao’y wala sa pagkahari, wala sa tangus ng ilong at puti ng mukha, wala sa pagkaparing
kahalili ng Dios, wala sa mataas na kalagayan sa balat ng lupa: wagas at tunay na mahal na tao, kahit laking
 gubat at walang nababatid kun di ang sariling wika, yaon may magandang asal, may isang pangungusap,
may dangal at puri; yaon di nagpapaapi’t di nakikiapi; yaong marunong magdamdam at marunong lumingap
sa bayang tinubuan.
 Man is not worth more because he is a king, because his nose is aquiline, and his color white, not because
he is a *priest, a servant of God, nor because of the high prerogative that he enjoys upon earth, but he is
worth most who is a man of proven and real value, who does good, keeps his words, is worthy and honest;
he who does not oppress nor consent to being oppressed, he who loves and cherishes his fatherland, though
he be born in the wilderness and know no tongue but his own. 

The thirteenth principle is about having the right character and good values. A Man’s life is not measured by

what is his status in life nor with the things that he possess. Instead, it is in his character and his love for the

native land.

14

 Paglagalap ng mga aral na itoat maningning na sumikat ang araw ng mahal na Kalayaan dito sa kaabaabang
Sangkapuluan, at sabugan ng matamis niyang liwanag ang nangagkaisang magkakalahi’t magkakapatid na
ligayang walang katapusan, ang mga ginugol na buhay, pagud, at mga tiniis na kahirapa’y labis nang
natumbasan.
  When these rules of conduct shall be known to all, the longed-for sun of Liberty shall rise brilliant over this
most unhappy portion of the globe and its rays shall diffuse everlasting joy among the confederated
brethren of the same rays, the lives of those who have gone before, the fatigues and the well-paid sufferings
will remain. If he who desires to enter (the Katipunan) has informed himself of all this and believes he will
be able to perform what will be his duties, he may fill out the application for admission. 

The last code of conduct shows the desire of Emilio Aguinaldo.

2. Write an analysis regarding the Proclamation of the Philippine Independence. This can be done by
providing your insights about the significance of this document in our history and what does it reflect
about sentiments and experiences during that period.
Nathanael P. Mangana
BSCE- 1B
Analysis of Declaration of Philippine
Independence
Declaration of Philippine Independence
was first written by Ambrosio Rianzares
Bautista also known as Don Bosyong
later translated by Sulpicio Guevara an
author,
born on year 1904. Ambrosio Rianzares
Bautista was born on December 7, 1830
at
Biñan, Laguna, Captaincy General of
the Philippines. The Declaration of
Philippine
Independence (Declaracion de
Independencia de Filipinas) was
th
proclaimed on 12 of
June year 1998 in Cavite II el Viejo
(Kawit, Cavite) Philippines at the
balcony of
General Emilio Aguinaldo’s residence.
The Declaration of Philippine
Independence
was proclaimed and solemnized by the
War Counsellor and the Special
Delegate,
Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista by the
Dictatorial Government of the
Philippines,
pursuant to, and by virtue of, a Decree
issued by the Engregious Dictator Don
Emilio
Aguinaldo y Famy. The declaration was
signed by 98 persons. Thousands of
people
from the provinces gathered in
Kawit, Cavite to witness the
historic event. The
military, representatives of various
towns and other civil officials were in
attendance
to witness the said historic event. This
declaration has a purpose to proclaim
the
sovereignty and independence of the
Philippines from the colonial rule of the
Spanish
Empire.The Declaration of
Philippine Independence is a
government- issued
document. The purpose of this
document is to remind us, remind the
colonists, and
the whole world that the Philippines
declared independence from the
colonists. The
declaration included the list of
grievances against the Spanish
Government stretching
back to explorer Ferdinand Magellan
arrival on 1521. The Declaration of
Philippine
Independence document is important in
our whole country because it serves as
the
proof of being independent of
our country from the colonists.
This document
summarizes and expresses all about the
events happened during the conquest by
the colonists in 300 years. This
government-issued document can prove
us that our
country and ourselves were freed from
the colonists and implies that we have
the
right to live without any hindrances and
we also have equality. It teaches us to
be
more independent and to fight for
ourselves and our country in order to
exercise our
right to live with freedom, peace of
mind and unity with others
GEC 5 Contemporary World
1. What is Globalization?
Globalization means the speed up of movements and exchanges (of human beings, goods, and services, capital,
technologies or cultural practices) all over the planet. One of the effects of globalization is that it promotes and increases
interactions between different regions and populations around the globe.

According to WHO, globalization can be defined as” the increased interconnectedness and interdependence of
peoples and countries. It is generally understood to include two inter-related elements: the opening of international
borders to increasingly fast flows of goods, services, finance, people and ideas; and the changes in institutions and
policies at national and international levels that facilitate or promote such flows.”
 2. What are the benefits of Globalization?
Globalization has benefits that cover many different areas. It reciprocally developed economies all over the
world and increased cultural exchanges. It also allowed financial exchanges between companies, changing the paradigm
of work. Many people are nowadays citizens of the world. The origin of goods became secondary and geographic
distance is no longer a barrier for many services to happen. 

Globalization enables countries to access less expensive natural resources and lower cost labor. As a result, they
can produce lower cost goods that can be sold globally.

3. What are the challenges of Globalization?

There are challenges which await any company that wishes to exploit the benefits of globalization it includes: The need
for a legal presence, there are restrictions on the activities of companies who do not have a legal entity, such as a
subsidiary, in the country of expansion.  The difficulty of testing the market, most prudent business owners realize that
their product or service may not be embraced on a global scale with the same function and marketing information.
Therefore, they invest in market research to see how the potential market perceives their product and brand. Hiring
staff in a compliant manner, many countries do not allow foreigners to hire staff without a legal entity in the
country. Even if the company establishes a legal entity in the country or opens a sales office, the employee’s activities
may be restricted. And Regulatory and legal compliance, businesses want to expand into another country without
violating any laws or regulations. However, setting up operations in a foreign country can be complex, especially when
business leaders do not speak the local language. The regulatory framework in foreign countries can also often be
confusing for foreigners.  

4. How Globalization changes your daily business operations?

Both the benefits and challenges of globalization change how a business operates in different ways. When
companies decide to go global, they must be ready and willing to change internal processes. This helps to accommodate
new markets and make their global workforce feel comfortable and accepted at work.

Globalization changes the daily business operations because it allows company to find lower-cost ways to
produce products. It also increases global competition, which drives prices down and creates a larger variety of choices
for consumers. Lowered costs help people in both developing and already-developed countries live better on less
money.