常见同义词替换：

Cambridge 4 TEST 1
1. ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any
notice 忽略，无视 v.
2. encounter=face=confront=meet 遇见，遭遇 v.
3. mistaken view=misconception 错误的观点 n.
4. easy to reach=accessible 容易达到的 adj.
5. change=modify(modification) 改变 v.
6. destruction=destroy=loss 毁坏 n.
7. investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查 v.
8. where=geographical location 表地点
9. important=vital=essential=crucial 重要的 adj.
10. reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus 原因 n.

ES
11. protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation 保护 v.
12. newspapers, television=media 媒体 n.
13. where to live=habitat 居住地 n.
14. get warmer=global warming 变暖 n.
15. contribute to=play a part 有助于 v.
16. survive=continuing existence 幸存，活下来 v.
17. curriculum=course=syllabus 课程 n.
18. link to=be connected with=be linked with 把…和…相联系 v.
19. underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary 不发达的 adj.

20. poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak 贫穷的，可怜的 adj.

21. exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable 超常的，

例外的 adj.

22. mating=courtship 交配.

23. follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker 跟随，跟踪 v.
24. good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力

25. best=well=greatest=finest=ideal=top=number one

=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking 极好的 adj.

26. surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled 感到惊讶的 adj.

ES
27. volunteer=subject 实验研究对象 n.
28. similar=resemble=like=alike 相似的 adj.
29. blind=can not see 瞎的 adj.
Cambridge 4 TEST 2

1. initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own

steam=to be the person who starts something=plan=law 主动的，自发的 adj. 主动

权 n.

2. increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on the

increase=intensify=expand=build up 上升，增加 v.
3. teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up 教学 v.
4. more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language 多种语言 n.
5. determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定 v.
6. young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor 年轻人 n.
7. community=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体，团体，社区 n.
8. traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable 传统的 adj.

9. fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go

wrong=not work=do no good=fall through 失败 v.

10. endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being

hurt=damaged=destroyed 危及，使危险 v.
11. diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed 各种各样的 adj.
12. inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid 不可避免的 adj.
13. differ from=unusual 与…不同 v.
14. reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do

something=conservative 勉强的 adj.

15. consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice 资询 v.
16. alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant 另一个
17. therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for
physical or mental illness 临床医学家 n.
18. retrain=taking courses 再教育 v.
19. salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee 工资，收入 n.

20. long-term=chronic=long
running=longstanding=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abiding=incur able 长期

ES
的 adj.

21. complaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain 抱怨 n.

22. illness=disease=virus=bug=infection 疾病 n.

23. connection=relationship=link=correlation 联系 n.

24. beneficial=be good for you/ do somebody

good=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful 有益的 adj.

25. insight=comprehension=understanding 理解，见解 n.

26. physical=relating to the body=bodily 身体的 adj.
27. hazard=risk=danger=threat 障碍，危险 n.
28. accompany=with=together=along with=come wit 陪伴,伴随
29. mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind 精神上的，心理的 adj.
30. possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility 可能的 adj.
31. reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少 n.
32. class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety 种类 n.
33. rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise 排练，演习 n.

34. peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job,
social class etc 同伴 n.

35. defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack 防御 n.

36. strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法，功略 n.
37. assist=help=aid=with the aid of 帮助 v.
38. specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go into more=greater detail=be
more specific=be more explicit=elaborate 特定的 adj.

39. substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质 n.

40. surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境 n.
41. engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up 雇佣 v.
42. combine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute 联合 v.
43. survival=the state of continuing to live or exist 幸存 n.

Cambridge 4 TEST 3

1. quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or piece
of writing because it is interesting or amusing 引言 n.

2. exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an

example of something 例证 v.

ES
3. explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed light
on=set out 解释 v.
4. outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details

概述 v.
5. purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end 目的 n.

6. encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do
something=influence=encourage=talk somebody into=put somebody up to 鼓励 v.

7. loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款 n.

8. poverty= being poor 贫穷 n.

9. crime= illegal activities in general 犯罪 n.
10. reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝 v.
11. employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up 雇佣 v.
12. courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere 快递员 n.
13. storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储 n.
14. facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose 设备 n.

15. ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive= determined to be successful,

rich, powerful etc.有志向的，雄心壮志的 adj.

16. effort=to try very hard to do something= attempt=campaign=drive 努力 n.

17. feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical;
a part of the land, especially a part that you can see: a part of someone's face, such as their
eyes, nose etc 特点 n.

18. planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球 n.

19. unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的 adj.

20. machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes for doing
something=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械 n.

21. ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope
to achieve in the future= final 最终的，根本的 adj.

22. atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of gases that surrounds
the Earth 气氛; 大气 n.
23. occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turn up=arise=strike 发生 v.
24. expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch 扩张，扩大 v.

ES
25. form= type= way something is/appears=shape 形式 n.
26. emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into sight=come out=reappear
出现 v.
27. emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出，放射 n.
28. situation= circumstances=position=case=plight 情况，状况 n.
29. self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people
think of you 自觉的 n.
30. generate= to make someone have a particular feeling= form=produce=create 产生 v.

31. various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a variety of

something=differing=varying=an assortment of something=assorted=a mix of something=a
mixture of something 各种各样的 adj.

32. convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a time or arrangement
that is convenient 方便的 adj.

33. objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested 客观的 adj.

34. enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=look into=solve=be
under investigation 调查
35. observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note become
aware/conscious=catch somebody's eye=perceive 观察 v.
36. comment=remark=thing to say=point=statement=
announcement=declaration=observation 评论
37. include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of 包含，包括 v.
38. focus on=deals only with=concentrate 专注于 v.
39. affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference=impact 影响 v.

40. gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its origins in=have its roots
in=derive from/be derived from=develop from/evolve from 产生于…. V.

41. concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something important 关

心，担心 n.

1. official=formal=authorized=on (the) record 官方的，正式的 adj.

2. athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition 运动的 adj.

3. intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of

time=rapid=crash course 密集的，加强的 adj.

4. burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc

ES
爆炸，突发
5. recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell 认出，承认 v.
6. inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lack of
something=be short 不足的 adj.

7. develop=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its roots
in=derive from=be derived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve from 发
展，生长 v.

8. enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for 使能够 v.

9. predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance 预 测 v. 10.

specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it=expert

专家 n.

11. theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than with practical
uses of the ideas or practical experience 理论的 adj.

12.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentary=
unsophisticated=low-tech 基本的 adj.
13. nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=qualities of something=type 自然 n.
14. aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end 目的 n.
15. translate=change languages=interpret=put something into English/French/Japanese etc
翻译 v.

16. ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 古老的 adj.
17. realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seem real=lifelike=realism=true to life=vivid

实际的，现实的
18. field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere 领域 n.

19. document=a piece of paper that has official information on it;a piece of written work that is
stored on a computer 文件 n.

20. equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else 平等的 adj.
21. influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=the implications 影响 n.

22. behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on your best=stay out of trouble

行为 n.

ES
23. compare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to or
different from each other=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a
parallel=contrast 比较 v.

24. economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business 经济上地
adv.

25. establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business or organization.建立

新的生意/组织 v.

26. sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment; able to continue for
a long time 可持续的 adj.

27. realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious=know perfectly

well=know/learn from experience 意识到 v.

28. limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制

29. produce=form=create=generate 生产 v.
30. guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your word=swear=vow=commit to=pledge
保证 v.
31. liberty=freedom=a free hand 自由 n.
32. independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立 n.

33. consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc -
usually used to show approval 持续的 adj.
34. underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than it really
is=to think that someone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they really are 低估 v.

35. provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future 提供 n.
Cambridge 5 TEST 1
1. produce=develop=manufacture 生产 v.
2. central=middle 中心的 adj.
3. did not have=without 没有 v.
4. bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer 带来 v.
5. time limit=deadline 时间限制，期限 n.

6. increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pick
up=widen=intensify=build up 增加
7. assistant=helper=coach 助手 n.

8. immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=large

ES
scale/large-scale 巨大的 adj.

9. illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=make clear=reflect=tell=be

evidence=reveal 表明，显示 v.

10. quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语 n.

11. predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前 辈， 前 任 n. 12.
rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport, business, a fight
etc=competitor 对手，竞争者 n.

13. distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing 分心的事
物 n.
14. fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus=be something wrong with
错误，缺点
15. cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石 n.
16. confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予 v.
17. stability=the condition of being steady and not changing 稳定 n.
18. prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day 流行,获胜 v.
19. contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约 n.
20. grant=award=present=confer=allocate 给予 v.

21. fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them and think they are
extremely interesting 吸引，使着迷 v.

22. disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰 v.

23. expect=think=anticipate 预期，期待 v.
24. psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior 心理学 n.
25. obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conform

to=observe=respect=toe the line=go by the book/do something by the book 服从，顺从 v.

26. identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份 n.

27. severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性 n.
28. unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开，发生 v.
29. deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely 故意地 adv.
30. moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with the
difference between good and evil 道德上的，与道德有关的 adj.
31. prior to=before=previous 在…前面
32. repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times 重复 n.
33. genetic=relating to genes or genetics 基因的，遗传学的 adj.

ES
34. sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that is
more important 牺牲 v.

35. victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered 受害者 n.

36. forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造 v.
37. persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服 v.
38. surrender=give in 投降，放弃 v.

39. extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish 灭绝的，
绝种的 adj.
40. abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的 adj.
41. exaggerate=overstate 夸张，夸大 v.

42. phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially

something that is studied because it is difficult to understand 现象 n.

43. perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法 n.

44. impression=infection=effect=influence=affection 印象，感想 n.
45. entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格 v.
46. distortion=a change for the worse=deformation 扭曲，曲解 v.
47. dispose=to arrange things or put them in their
places=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with 安排，处理 v.
48. intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by
considering the facts=instinct 直觉 n.

49. emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air 排放物，散发物 n.
50. diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少，减小 v.
51. postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期，推迟 v.
52. crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的 adj.

53. pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a
bad result=getting worse 悲观的 adj.

54. attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试，努力

Cambridge 5 TEST 2
1. similar=like=resemble 相似的 adj.
2. derive=originate=come from=stem from 起源 v.
3. impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机，动力 n.

ES
4. generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture 产生 v.
5. couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随 v.
6. factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素 n.
7. unique=have the distinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special 独特的 adj.
8. advance=progress=development=growth=increase 进步 n.
9. field=domain=territory=industry=sector 领域 n.
10. alternative=substitute=replacement 替代物 n. 11. like=such as=for example=for
instance 例如
12. resource=material=source 资源，来源 n.
13. limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite 有限的 adj.
14. involve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含，牵涉 v.
15. current=modern=recent=present 最近的 adj.
16. particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique 特别的，独有的 adj.
17. draw on=absorb=do with 吸收 v.
18. settle on=make choice of=decide on 选定 v.
19. superiority=advantage=edge=high quality 优势 n.
20. accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴，伴随 v.
21. view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点 n.
22. artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine 人工智能 n.
23. involve with=associate with=link to=relate to 与…有关联 v.
24. release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行，发表 v.
25. difficult=demanding=hard=tough 困难的 adj.
26. task=job=work=labour 任务，工作 n.
27. instantly=rapidly=immediately 立即地 adv.
28. react=respond 反应 v.
29. relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与…有关系 v.

30. subject views=outlook=personal/individual views=personal/individual opinions 主观观点 n.

31. distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear;
to report something in a way that is not completely true or correct=misinterpret

扭曲，歪曲 v.
32. figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解，想出 v.
33. assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment 评估，估计 v.
34. emerge=appear=come forth 出现 v.
35. remain=keep=stay=maintain 保持 v.

ES
36. exploitation=development=utilization=usage 利用，使用 n.
37. foster=cultivate=raise=nurture 培养，养育 v.
38. overtake=catch up=sweep over 赶上，压倒 v.
39. initial=original=premier 最初的，开始的 adj.
40. whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet 然而，但是 adv.
Cambridge 5 TEST 4
1. community=organization=group=body 团体 n.
2. fragile=delicate 脆弱的 adj.
3. remote=distant 遥远的 adj.
4. require=desire=order=command 要求 v.
5. inhabitant=resident=dweller 居住者，居民 n.
6. consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result 结果，因此 adv.
7. destination=goal=end point=terminus 目的地 n.
8. throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end 自始至终，到处，全部 adv.
9. operate=act=run 运转 v.
10. output=product 输出，产品 n.
11. decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession 下降 n.
12. undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏 v.
13. revive=renaissance 复兴 v.
14. unusual=rare=strange=uncommon 罕见的，不寻常的 adj.
15. ordinary=standard=common=usual=general 普通的,平常的 adj.
16. fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins 碎片 n.
17. break=shatter=crack 打碎，打破 v.
18. interior=inner layer=inside 内部的 n. &adj.
19. insist=claim=argue=believe=think 坚持，坚称 v.
20. expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance 扩张，扩大 v.

21. suppress=control=restrain=repress=put down=oppress=inhibit=ban=forbid=stifle 压制 v.

22. speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed 加速 v.

23. examine=analyse=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate 检查，调查 v.
24. dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue 争论，争执 n.&v.
25. detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉，发现 v.
26. claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe 声称 v.
27. cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence 提示，信号，暗号 n.

ES
28. unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable 无法预测的 adj.
29. be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as 被称为
30. encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire 鼓励，促使 v.
31. considerable=plenty=big=major=important 数量可观的 adj.
32. regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管，不顾
33. adequate=plenty=proper=appropriate=suitable 充足的,适当的 adj.
34. assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certain of 保证，确保 v.

35. suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合 适 的 adj. Cambridge 6 TEST 1

exchange=apply something learned in one to others=change 交流 v. expertise=skill 专门技术
n. employ=analyze=study 使用 v. investigation=analysis 调查 n. narrow=focus on 缩小范围
v. reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制 v. funded support=finance 资金 n.

36. calculate=measure 计算 v.
37. event=championship 赛事 n.
38. plan=prepare=design 计划 v.
39. improve=grow=get better 进步 v.
40. trade=economy 贸易 n.
41. transport=import or export=deliver 运输 v.
42. local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的 adj.
43. weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的 adj.
44. value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值 n.
45. delivery=export or import 运输 n.
46. nearby nations=geographic neighbours 近邻 n.
47. international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的 adj.
48. landscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view 风景 n.
49. difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging 困难的 adj.
50. essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品 n.
51. supply=provision=support 供给 n.
52. grow=increase=rise=improve=go up=boost=expand=extend 增长 v.
53. respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration 尊重 n.
54. understanding=knowledge 了解 n. well-being=health 健康 n.
55. impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能 adj.

ES
56. catch=exploit=capture 抓捕 v.
57. surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境 n.

58. mainly=heavily=most 主要地 visit=venture 参观

1. interior=inner=inside 内部的 adj.
2. change=shift=alter=transfer 改变 v.
3. establish=build=found=set up=start 建立 v.
4. official=authority=leader=supervisor 官员 n.
5. isolated=inaccessible=distant=remote=faraway 隔离的, 边远的 adj.
6. collapse=fall=fall over=fall down 倒塌 v.
7. destroy=devastate=wreck=obliterate 毁灭 v.
8. absorb=digest=take in=assimilate 吸收 v.
9. severe=serious=stiff=heavy 严重的 adj.
10. purify=refine=distill 净化 v.
11. hidden=disguised=concealed=veiled 隐藏的 adj.
12. decline=decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降 v.
13. deteriorate=get worse=go down=decline 变坏 v.
14. recognize=know=identify=pick out 认出 v.
15. conclude=summarize=come to/reach the conclusion 得出结论 v.
16. adapt to=get used to=become accustomed to=adjust to 适应 v.
17. initiate=start=launch=open=set in motion 开始，发起 v.
18. refer to=mention=allude to=touch on 提到 v.
19. identify=name=recognize=diagnose 确定，认同 v.
20. request=demand=claim=petition=appeal 要求 n.
21. be divided into=separate=split=break up=break down 分开 v.
22. consist of=be made up of=be composed of=comprise 由…组成
23. hinder=hamper=impede 阻碍 v.
24. objective=aim=purpose=goal=target 目标 n.
25. implement=carry on=execute=put sth. Into practice 实行 v.
26. promote=encourage=help=aid 促进 v.
27. warn=caution=alert=give sb. a warning 警告 v.
28. observation post=watchtower 瞭望塔 n.
29. access=entrance=entryway=way in 通路，进入 n.
1. teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育 v.

ES
2. actor=star 演员 n.
3. first=initial=early=primary 最早的 adj.
4. storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节 n.
5. globe=world 世界 n.
6. early=first=ancient 早期的 adj.
7. passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝
8. describe=tell 描述 v.
9. realistic=achievable 现实的 adj.
10. target=goal=aim 目标 n.
11. feedback=comment=advice=criticism 反馈 n.
12. match to=suit to 合适
13. reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖励 n.
14. link to=make something contingent on=associate with=connect with=relate to 联系起来
15. achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就 n.
16. remuneration=payment 酬金 n.
17. tend to=prone to 倾向于
18. feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感觉 v.
19. participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加 v.
20. staff=employee=worker 员工 n.
21. visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的 adj.
22. clerical worker=clerk 书记员 n.
23. judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appraise 评判 v.
24. job=work=assignment 工作 n.
25. delay=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=put off 延后 v.
26. growing old=ageing 变老
27. people=mortal=people=individual 人 n.
28. life=lifespan 生命
29. chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity=risk=luck 机会 n.
30. production=generation=output 产量 n.
31. theory=hypothesis=guess=guesswork 猜想 n.
32. focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于
33. short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短缺的 adj.
1. drug company=pharmaceutical company 医药公司 n.
2. promotion=marketing 营销 n.

ES
3. increase=escalate=rise=go up=grow 上升 v.
4. research=study=survey=investigation 研究 n.
5. work=be an effective way=be useful=help=achieve=succeed=have an

effect=happen=turn out 奏效 v.
6. technique=strategy=skill=expertise=method=way 技术 n.
7. criticism=judgement=skepticism=disapproval=denunciation 批评 n.
8. moral=ethical 道德的 adj.
9. legitimate=have every right to do=legal=right=authorized 合法的 adj.
10. money=profit=benefit=income=currency 钱 n.
11. adults=men and women 成人 n.
12. maternal=mother=female 母亲的 adj.
13. education=literacy=cultivation 教育 n.
14. child=infant=kid 孩子 n.
15. approximately=about=around=nearly 大约 adv.
16. impressive=greatest=touching=unforgettable 印象深刻的 adj.
17. programme=campaign=project 项目 n.
18. common=persistent=normal=usual=ordinary=everyday 常见的 adj.
19. be halved=decline by 50% 减半
20. key=most important=crucial=critical=significant 关键的 adj.
21. produce=develop=generate=engineer=manufacture 生产 v.
22. detailed=explicit=specific 细节的 adj.
23. on its own=alone 自身
24. however=but=yet 但是
25. self-confidence=assertiveness=confidence 自信 n.
26. effective=useful=beneficial=good=needed 有效的 adj.
27. distinguish=recognize the difference=differentiate 区别 v.
1. rely on=depend on 依靠 v.
2. avoid=stay away=keep away=steer clear of=make a detour 避免 v.
3. die out=extinct=disappear=no longer exist 灭绝 v.
4. hunt=search for=look for=try to find=in search of 打猎 v.
5. limb=arm or leg=body=organ 四肢 n.
6. perceive=sense=see=spot=become aware of=observe 感知，感觉 v.
7. calculate=measure=work out=figure=estimate=access 计算 v.
8. detection=finding=observation 探测 n.

ES
9. coin=invent=make=create=come up with 发明，创造 v.
10. inaccurate=incorrect=wrong=misleading 不精确的 adj.
11. revision=change=shift=reform=alteration 改进 n.
12. downward=fall=drop=downhill 下降的 adj.
13. increasing=soaring=growing=rising 上升的 adj.
14. primarily=mainly=largely=chiefly=principally 主要地 adv.
15. due to=because of=as a result of=thanks to=owing to 因为
16. decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降 v.
17. radical=not traditional=new=unconventional 激进的 adj.
18. prior to=beforehand=before=in advance=on the eve of 之前
19. demanding=difficult=hard=challenging=tough 要求高的，艰难的 adj.
20. well known=notorious=famous=renowned 著名的 adj.
21. admit=acknowledge=confess=to tell the truth 承认 v.
22. be similar to=like=resemble=bear a resemblance to=akin to 相似 v.
23. result in=lead to=cause=give rise to=bring about 引发，导致
24. sophisticated=advanced=high-tech=complex=complicated 复杂的
25. address=solve=deal with=handle 处理 v.
26. imitate=copy=impersonate=follow one's example 模仿 v.
27. maintain=continue=carry on=keep up=preserve 维持 v.
28. feed=eat=have=chew=swallow=consume 喂食 v.
29. illustrate=show=demonstrate=make clear=reflect 说明 v.
30. memorize=learn=commit something to memory 记忆 v.
31. conventional=traditional=conformist=conservative 传统的 v.
32. notice=see=spot=be aware of=be conscious of 注意到 v.
33. retain=keep=save=hold on to 保持 v.
34. convince=persuade=win sb. over=satisfy 使确信 v.
35. spectacular=impressive=imposing=striking=grand 壮观的 adj.
1. interior=inner=inside 内部的 adj.
2. change=shift=alter=transfer 改变 v.
3. establish=build=found=set up=start 建立 v.
4. official=authority=leader=supervisor 官员 n.
5. isolated=inaccessible=distant=remote=faraway 隔离的, 边远的 adj.
6. collapse=fall=fall over=fall down 倒塌 v.
7. destroy=devastate=wreck=obliterate 毁灭 v.

ES
8. absorb=digest=take in=assimilate 吸收 v.
9. severe=serious=stiff=heavy 严重的 adj.
10. purify=refine=distill 净化 v.
11. hidden=disguised=concealed=veiled 隐藏的 adj.
12. decline=decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降 v.
13. deteriorate=get worse=go down=decline 变坏 v.
14. recognize=know=identify=pick out 认出 v.
15. conclude=summarize=come to/reach the conclusion 得出结论 v.
16. adapt to=get used to=become accustomed to=adjust to 适应 v.
17. initiate=start=launch=open=set in motion 开始，发起 v.
18. refer to=mention=allude to=touch on 提到 v.
19. identify=name=recognize=diagnose 确定，认同 v.
20. request=demand=claim=petition=appeal 要求 n.
21. be divided into=separate=split=break up=break down 分开 v.
22. consist of=be made up of=be composed of=comprise 由…组成
23. hinder=hamper=impede 阻碍 v.
24. objective=aim=purpose=goal=target 目标 n.
25. implement=carry on=execute=put sth. Into practice 实行 v.
26. promote=encourage=help=aid 促进 v.
27. warn=caution=alert=give sb. a warning 警告 v.
28. observation post=watchtower 瞭望塔 n.
29. access=entrance=entryway=way in 通路，进入 n.
Cambridge 7 TEST 3
1. cause=reason=factor=origin=root 原因 n.
2. measure=weigh=time=take=read 测量 v.
3. route=motorway=highway=expressway 车道 n.
4. exclude=omit=miss out=leave out=drop 排除在外 v.
5. renewable=sustainable=recycling=environmentally friendly 可再生的 adj.
6. exist=there is/are=be found=occur 存在 v.
7. limit=restrict=constrain=confine=keep to 限制 v.
8. boundary=border=edge=outskirts=frontier 边界 n.
9. allow for=make sth. Possible 使…成为可能
10. proposal=suggestion=recommendation=proposition 提议 n.
11. urban=city=town=municipal 城市的 adj.

ES
12. find one's way=navigate 导航 v.
13. bearing=position=standing 方位 n.
14. exchange=share=distribute 分享 v.
15. waste=unwanted materials=rubbish=garbage=trash 废物 n.
16. dental=teeth 牙齿的 adj.
17. priority=preferential=the most important=overriding 优先 n.
18. encourage=promote=help=support=be supportive 鼓励 v.
19. explore=look for=discuss=think 探索 v.
20. factor=cause=reason=root=origin 因素 n.
21. cultivate=grow=raise 培养 v.
22. convert=modify=transfer=adapt=customize 转变 v.
23. digest=take in=absorb=assimilate 消化 v.
24. preserve=protect=keep=store=keep sth. In storage 保存，保护 v.
25. monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监视 v.
26. allocate=distribute=apportion=grant=confer 分配 v.
27. decline=decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降 v.
28. fragile=weak=delicate=breakable=feeble 脆弱的 adj.
29. upgrade=improve=make sth. better=make improvements 改进，提高 v.
30. advanced=developed=sophisticated=high-tech 先进的 adj.
31. sustainable=renewable=recycling=environmentally friendly 可持续的 adj.
32. evidence=proof=documentation 证据 n.
33. long-standing=lengthy=long-running=lasting 长期的 adj.
Cambridge 7 TEST 4
1. large numbers of=tens of thousands of=many 大量的
2. large=massive=huge=enormous=vast 巨大的 adj.
3. resemble=look like=alike=much the same=akin to 相像 v.
4. foe=enemy=adversary=hostile 敌人 n.
5. more than=exceed=over=in excess of 超过 v.
6. decrease=crash=reduction=fall=drop 下降 n.
7. stop=halt=come to a halt 停止 v.
8. sufficient=abundant=enough=adequate 充足的 adj.
9. establish=found=build=set up 建立 v.
10. be Successful=prosper=do well=succeed=thrive 成功
11. recognize=certify=accept=acknowledge 承认 v.

ES
12. label=display=call=brand=hail 贴标签，命名 v.
13. adapt=adjust=get used to=become/grow accustomed to 适应 v.
14. mistake=error=fault=slip=mix-up 错误 n.
15. keep a check on=monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监视 v.
16. unexpected=unpredictable=unforeseeable 不可预见的 adj.
17. generally=in general=in the whole=all in all=all things considered 大体上的 adv.
18. previously=before=earlier=formerly 先前 adv.
19. apply=use=make use of=exercise=utilize 应用 v.
20. due to=because=since=owing to=thanks to=as a result of 因为
21. raise=lift=lift up=pick up=scoop up 使…上升 v.
22. in addition=besides=additionally=too=also=as well 除此之外
23. inhabitant=resident=population=citizen=local 居民 n.
24. collapse=failure=fall 崩塌，失败 n.
25. set up=establish=found=start=open 建立
26. ensure=make sure=make certain=see to it that 保证 v.
27. assist=help=aid=give a hand=do sth. For 协助 v.
28. deny=refuse=withhold 否认 v.
29. permit=allow=let=agree to=authorize 许可 v.
30. interfere=intrude=disrupt=meddle 干扰 v.
31. repeat=redo=retake=do sth. again 重复 v.
32. prevent=stop=restrain=hold back=discourage 阻止 v.
33. disrupt=disturb=upset=break up 打扰 v.
34. long-term=chronic=long=lengthy=long-running 长期的 adj.
35. expose=show=reveal=present=let sb. see 暴露，揭发 v.
36. intense=strong=passionate=powerful=fervent 强烈的 adj.
37. random=arbitrary=at random 任意的，随机的 adj.
38. require=demand=need=call for 要求 v.
39. fatigue=tiredness=exhaustion=drowsiness 疲劳 n.
40. manifest=show=reveal=present 显示 v.
41. concentrate=pay attention=put one's mind on=attentive 专注 v.
42. produce=make=manufacture=create=fashion 生产 v.
43. carry out=implement=put sth. into practice=execute 实行 v.
44. perform=do=conduct=dabble in 执行 v.

ES
1. agree=concur=go along with=fall in with=go with v.同意
2. sceptic and advocate=different attitude 不同的看法
3. significance=impressive=meaning=sense n.重要性

4. meditation: the practice of emptying your mind of thoughts and feelings, in order to relax
completely or for religious reasons n.冥想，沉思

5. parapsychology: the scientific study of mysterious abilities that some people claim to have,
such as knowing what will happen in the future n.通灵学

6. environment=condition=light, sound, warmth=situation=circumstance n.环境

7. alter=change=revise=make changes v. 改变
8. trial=experiment=test n.实验
9. success rate=positive result=achievement=progress=breakthrough=accomplishment n.
成就
10. pick out=identify=recognize=know=tell v.认出，识别
11. limit=minimize=maximum=the most=ceiling=cut-off point v.限制
12. different=individual=not like=vary=not the same=contrast with=diverse adj.独特的
13. invention=device=creation=innovation n.发明，装置
14. cold temperature=freezing weather=chilly=frosty=wintry=cold snap adj.寒冷的
15. farming=agriculture n.农业
16. simultaneous=at the same time=together=at once=at one time adj.同时的
17. uniform=equal=homogeneous adj.均衡的
18. devise=formulate=invent=create=come up with=make up=conceive=coin=dream up v.
创造
19. civil=municipal=metropolitan adj.城市的
20. divide=split=separate=break up=break down=take apart=take something to piece v. 分
开
21. new=revolutionary=original=innovation=fresh=novel=be in its infancy adj.新的，革命的
22. create=introduce=invent=make sth. do sth.=be the cause=lead to sth. v.. 发明 23.
organize=co-ordinate=arrange=set out=put something in order=line up v.组织，使协调

24. public event=communal activity 公众、社交活动

25. aviation disaster=sky accident=air crash 空难

26. prompt=result in=lead to=make somebody do something=cause somebody to do

something=lead somebody to do something=motivate=induce somebody to do something v.
导致

ES
27. resemble=like=similar=alike=much the same=comparable v.类似
28. oversimplify=incomplete=simplistic=generalize=see things in black and white adj.
过于简化的，不完整的
29. altitude=from…meters above the ground=height=how high=level n.高度
30. zone=airspace=region=area=district=quarter=block=suburb n.区域
31. weather=meteorological=climate=condition n.气候
32. categorize=class / type=sort=classify=be grouped=grade v.分类
33. create=establish=invent=start up=open=set up=found=inception v.创建
34. beacon and flashing=light=beam n.灯光

35. improve=develop=evolve=get better=catch up=pick up=things are looking up v.发展，进化

36. aircraft=plane=by air n.飞机

37. average-sized=medium-sized adj. 中等的
38. city=metropolitan=urban=town=village=civic=municipal=downtown n.城市

39. pendulum : a long metal stick with a weight at the bottom that swings regularly from side to
side to control the working of a clock n.钟摆

40. coincidental : happening completely by chance without being planned adj.巧合的

41. disobey : to refuse to do what someone with authority tells you to do, or refuse to obey a rule
or law v.不服从

Cambridge 8 TEST 2
1. drastically : extreme and sudden adv.彻底地
2. remain=stay=keep=continue to be=still v.保持

3. detect=inspect=examine=notice=spot=become aware /
conscious=note=conserve=perceive v.检查

4. fault=flaw=defect=trouble=bug=virus=be something wrong with=be something matter with n.

缺陷，缺点

5. enough=sufficient=adequate=cover=meet somebody's need adj.足够的

6. main=largely=principal=chief=major=key=primary=prime=predominant=core adj.主要的:

7. documentation=written account=evidence=proof n.证明

8. shift=switch=transfer=move=jerk v.转换
9. consistent=lasting=stay the same=constant=unchanging adj.持续的
10. drought=no rain at all=dry=dusty adj.干旱的

ES
11. period=cycle=era=age n.年代
12. random=arbitrary=at random adj.随机的
13. molten=hot=heat=boiling / boiling hot=scalding / scalding hot adj.熔化的
14. intense=strong=passionate=powerful=deep adj.强烈的
15. discover=explore=find / unearth=turn up v.开发，发现

16. pattern=trade / commodity=business n.贸易 relate to=associate with=link to / connect

to=identify with 联系

17. feeling=emotional response / sensory=a sense of=passion n. 感觉

18. unappreciated=undervalued adj.低估的
19. difficult=elusive=hard / tough=easier said than done adj.困难的，难懂的
20. study=research=analyse=do/conduct research v.研究
21. smell=odour=scent n.气味
22. interpretation=be considered to be=understanding=reading n.理解
23. define=distinguish=tell the difference v.使明确
24. damage=impair=break=do/cause damage=scratch v.损害

25. realize=consciously consider=occur to=become aware=sink in=strike=hit=wake up to the fact

that v.想到

26. reveal=show=demonstrate=let somebody see=present=expose=let somebody take a look v.显

示

27. to be defined=unanswered 无答案的

28. linguistic=language n.语言

29. describe=name=express=give a description of=talk about=write about=give an account of=tell

of v.描述

13. lessen=minimize=subside=lighten=relieve=ease=allay v.减少

14. significance=supremacy=definition=meaning=sense=connotation n.重要性
15. achieve=make=succeed=manage=make progress=accomplish=get results v.达成
16. limitation=restricted=disadvantage=drawback=liability=the downside n.限制
17. inexorable=inevitable=unstoppable=remorseless adj.无法改变的
18. stable=characteristic=constant=steady=fixed=unchanging adj.稳定的
19. life span=duration of life 寿命
20. biological clock=internal clock 生物钟
21. prolong=extend=drag out=spin out v.延伸，延长

ES
22. principle=law=conscience=scruples n.原则，法则
23. optimal=better=best adj.最佳的
24. conserve=save / frugal=reserve=keep back v.节约，保存
25. immortality : the state of living for ever or being remembered for ever adj.不朽的

26. organism=living thing=life form=wildlife =an animal, plant, human, or any other living thing
n.有机的

1. middle-year education=lower secondary school 中学

2. format=pattern n.格式
3. less successful student=struggler 差等生
4. key=contributing factor=important=major=significant=critical n.关键
5. achievement=attainment=progress=breakthrough=accomplishment n.成就
6. spacious=largely=big=huge=vast=enormous=immense adj.广阔的
7. adapt=accessible=get used to=become/grow accustomed to=adjust to v.适应，可接近
的
8. careful=elaborate=conscientious=thorough=meticulous=methodical adj. 仔细的，精心
的

9. supplementary=assist=additional=extra=further=added=spare=more=another n.补充，帮助

10. effort=hard work=work at=push yourself=labour n.努力

11. correct answer=accuracy n.精确
12. imbalance=disorder=unequal=disproportionate n.不平衡，紊乱
13. no longer respond=resistance=fight against 抵抗
14. cost=financial outlay=spend=charge=fare=rental=toll n.支出
15. innate=built-in adj.先天的
16. immunity=resistance n.免疫力
17. entail=involve v.包含
18. circumstance=system n.环境，系统
19. feed on=prey on 以…为食
20. blight=plague v.破坏
21. wipe out=eradicate=get rid of=abolish=scrap=do away with=eliminate 根除
22. plague=infest=troublesome v.折磨

23. compare=determination of variation=contrast=liken=make a comparison=draw an

analogy=draw a parallel v.对比

ES
24. criterion=identification=standard=scale n.标准，识别

25. compatible=use both method=well-matched=be made for each other=be a perfect match
/pair/couple=be right for=be ideally suited adj.兼容的

26. specimen=individual n.标本

27. container=plastic or glass tube n.容器
28. wet=marshy=soaked=waterlogged=awash adj.湿的
29. habitat=area=the environment=ecosystem=ecology n.栖息地
30. pitfall=trap n.陷阱

31. little time and effort is required=minimal maintenance and intervention 最小程度的维修与介
入
32. pesticide: a chemical substance used to kill insects and small animals that destroy crops n.

杀虫剂

33. preservative: a chemical substance that is used to prevent things from decaying, for example
food or wood n.防腐剂剑 9test1

1. recognize one's ability/ perceive one's talent/one's talent be perceived

2. enroll in a school/attend a school
3. sth. that made him rich and famous/ sth. bring him both fame and fortune
4. Immediately understand/instant recognition
5. refer to/ known as
6. consult/ ask advice of
7. now/ current/present/happening
8. transmission/ sending information
9. response/ reply
10. ground rules/ assumptions underlying the research
11. likelihood/ it seems/ perhaps, guess, estimate
12. life expectancy/ the lifetime of
13. most powerful/ the largest/ the biggest/ the best/ the greatest
14. resemble/ pretty well like/ be similar to/ same as
15. promptly/ immediately/instantly
16. migrant/ migrate/ migration
17. before/ in advance/ prior/ previously/ former
18. make big changes/ redesign/modification/alteration
19. lack/ never/no/not/in need of/want
20. incomplete fossilised remains/ only fragments are found

ES
21. determine/ decide
22. obtain/ acquire/ earn / gain / get/ procure/ receive / secure
23. dense/ tight/thick/heavy
24. indicate/ demonstrate / disclose / display / exhibit/ express/ hint/ imply/ point out/

present/ reveal/ show /signify/suggest

剑九 test2
1. Global/international
2. Team effort/ institutional working party
3. Hypothesis/guess/ speculation/ possibility/theory/potential
4. Suitable/appropriate
5. Worldwide regulations/ international standard
6. Medical conditions/ illness/ disease
7. Place…at risk/ leave…vulnerable
8. Auditory problems/hearing loss
9. Study/carry out research
10. Machinery noise/ noise generated by machine
11. Child which have not been diagnosed/ undiagnosed children
12. Current teaching method/ modern teaching practices
13. Cooling systems/ air-conditioning/mechanical means of ventilation
14. Different/distinct/varied/reverse
15. Prevent/keep from/inhibit/stop/thwart
16. Potential/future/be expected to be/possible/likely
17. Fail to do/never/not/unable to do
18. Calculate/determine the value
19. Be worked out/be calculated
20. Witness/view/see/observe
21. Distorted/look smeared/not circular
剑九 test3
1. Competitive/competitors/competition
2. Achievement/success
3. Because/thus/It is… that 强调句型/so
4. Rely on previous events/draw on past experience
5. A result of/ a product of
6. Pitfalls/ traps/snares

ES
7. Exposure to …/bombard…with
8. Receptive/receive/embrace/accept/agree
9. Embarrassment/ridicule
10. Psychological illness/mental disorder
11. Argue/argument/debate/debatable/discuss/dispute/disputable
12. Understandable/understand/reasonable
13. Be affected by/influence
14. Still exist/be still with us

16. Pointless/not/no point of

17. Misrepresented/paint unreal pictures
18. The custom of speaking/ popular speech
19. Grammatical rules/ rules of grammar
20. Alternative/choice/way/replacement
剑九 test4
1. Back into Britain/ re-import into Britain
2. Reliable/predictable
3. Cut down/reduce
4. Increase income/export earner
5. Power station/power plant
6. In the vicinity of/around/nearby
7. Extraction of seaweed/clean seaweed
8. Result from/cause
9. In danger/at risk
10. Comparatively/relatively
11. Explanation/explain/reason
12. Transmission of information/information pass on/information send back/transmit
13. Unnecessary/redundant/superfluous
14. Incident/event

16. Be about to stop working/on the brink of failing

17. Be used to/by means of
18. Send messages over distances/transmit information from place to place
19. Signal strength/ strength of the signal

ES
20. From her childhood/when she was a child
21. Her children were born/birth of her two daughters
22. Marie took over the teaching position/she was appointed to the professorship
23. Have the same property/…is true for …
24. Receive recognition/be awarded