Senior High School

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Media and
Information
Literacy
Quarter 1 – Module 6:
Media and Information Sources
 Quarter 1
Module 6 - Week 6
MEDIA AND INFORMATION SOURCES

Content Standard : The learner demonstrates understanding of Media and

Information Literacy (MIL) and MIL related concepts.
Performance Standard : The learner organizes a creative and interactive
symposium for the community focusing on being a
media and information literate individual.
Learning Outcomes : Upon the completion of the module, the SHS students
are expected to contrast indigenous media to the more
common sources of information such as library and
internet.
Competency : Contrast indigenous media to the more common sources
of information such as library, internet, etc.
Topic : Types of Information Sources

What I Know

Have you learned a lot from this subject already? I hope that with all the
knowledge you have gained from each module, you find it very useful in your day to
day experiences. Let’s continue learning to become a media and information literate
individual. To begin, do the first activity.

Read the questions below carefully. In a piece of paper, write the letter of the
correct answer.

1. How would you describe indigenous source of information?

A. It is information created by a local group of people.
B. It is information consumed by a local group of people
C. It refers to the content about native people created through dominant forms of
media.
D. It refers to the content about native people popularized through dominant forms
of media.

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2. How would you classify information sources found in your school?
A. Library source C. Internet source
B. Indigenous source D. Human source

3. Which of the example of media below belongs to popular media?

A. community bulletin C. internet source
B. indigenous source D. human source

4. Which statement below explains the importance of indigenous media for the
purposes of change, education, and development?
A. It is important because of its direct access to local channels.
B. It is important because it is attractive to the elders of the community.
C. It is important because of the language used and proximity to the users.
D. It is important because it is the cheapest and not commonly used
channels.

5. Which statement predicts what would happen if indigenous media are

ignored and neglected?
A. Development and Education Programs are relevant and effective.
B. Development and Education Programs are irrelevant and ineffective.
C. Development and Education Programs support the community’s culture.
D. Development and Education Programs disregard the culture of the community.

6. Which skill can be acquired in accessing information from the libraries?

A. How the information accessed may be classified
B. How the information written may be classified.
C. How the information discussed may be classified.
D. How the information stored may be classified.

7. How would you describe internet sources?

A. Information may be quite factual in form and content.
B. Information may be fictitious in form and content.
C. Information may be quite varied in form and content.
D. Information may be free varied in form and content.

8. What question below indicates the value of information?

A. Who wrote this article?
B. When was the article written?
C. Who would find this article important?
D. What are the details of this information?

9. How would you determine the accuracy of information?

A. Check the date for consistency.
B. Determine the reason of referencing with other sources.
C. Cross reference with other sources to check for consistency.
D. Identify the reference with other advertisement for consistency.

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10. When does an information become reliable?
A. Information is reliable when it can be searched and read.
B. Information is reliable when it can be verified and evaluated.
C. Information is reliable when it can be supported and watched.
D. Information is reliable when it can be accessed and downloaded.

11. Which word below is synonymous to reliable?

A. Importance C. Trustworthiness
B. Measurable D. Valuable

12. Which type of information sources includes facts, figures, addresses, statistics,
definition, and dates that indicates the date of publication?
A. Books C. Magazines
B. Academic Journals D. Reference Books

13. Which type of information sources contains only the updated and most recent
researches in the different fields?
A. Books C. Magazines
B. Reference Books D. Academic Journals

14. Which classification of information sources does TESOL Online Journal belong?
A. Text C. Digital
B. Printed D. Audio-video

15. Which type of information sources is considered current within a few minutes to
a day of publication?
A. Newspapers C. Magazines
B. Scholarly books D. Journal Articles

Time is up! Let us find out if your answers are correct as you explore in
learning this module.

What I Need to Know

In this lesson, you will be learning the Media and Information Sources.
Particularly, you will learn that the indigenous media sources are all around you and
how it shapes the messages you received. In addition, you will also learn how to pick
valid and accurate information.

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After going through this lesson, the learners are expected to:

1. identify the types of information sources;

2. distinguish indigenous media from commonly used sources of information;
and
3. demonstrate an ability to examine and compare information between popular
media and indigenous sources to evaluate reliability, accuracy, authority, and
timeliness.

Let the fun of learning begin!

What’s In

To begin, let’s recall the type of media and media convergence you know.
Accomplish the next activity.

I Know That...

Acquiring the right information becomes the means of survival in this

pandemic time where the fake news is anywhere. Do you know where you can get
the latest and reliable information?

Instructions: Complete the sentences below by the giving the correct

answer. Use the picture on the right side as clues. You can also use the picture to
help you recall your insights.

We usually get the

news from ______. Lately,
latest news updates can
now be available in ______,
______, and ______, as a
result of media
convergence. This new way
of accessing information
has help us during the
pandemic because ______.

https://tinyurl.com/25x4dkav

Perfect! Not only can you identify the types of media and media convergence,
you are also very much updated of what’s happening in your locality. That’s a good
sign.

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 What’s New

Activity 1A. Know Where and What to Look.

As you’ve said earlier, there are many ways now to be informed. But, what
kind of information and where should we look for information? To find out, first study
the picture and answer the questions that follow and solve the puzzle that comes
after it.

Guide Questions:

1. What does the picture say about

information?
2. Based on the picture, where do
people usually look for information?

Source: https://bit.ly/32H24V8

Activity 1B. Word Puzzle

3.
Across
1. synonymous with
1. E 2. 4.
trustworthiness
C U I 5. means convincing force

Down
5. H 2. indicates freedom from
error
3. implying desirable
4. suggesting appropriate

Synthesis:

Based on the two activities above, let’s try to combine the ideas of both your
answers to Activity 1A and 1B by completing the following sentences.

Information are ___________. However, information should be ___________,

___________, and ___________.

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 What Is It

Nowadays, people automatically search for information in the worldwide web

(www). The internet has a vast wealth of information where sources range from social
media accounts to library. Other types of media also have digital versions such
as the newspaper, radio and television.

Nevertheless, libraries still store the greatest number of media and

information sources. These libraries can be classified into four namely academic,
public, school and special. Libraries have evolved from physical to digital in form.

According to Sunny Empire State College.com information sources are often

classified as physical (print, analog) versus online (electronic, digital,) text versus
audio-video and book versus journal. Read the information in the next page to know
some common or popular information sources found in these libraries.

EXAMPLES OF COMMON INFORMATION SOURCES

A. Journal Articles

Currency: Current within a few

months to a few years of
publication.
Type of Information: Most recent
research within the subject of the
journal.
Where to Find: Print journals are
delivered to subscribers and
libraries.

B. Magazine Articles

Currency: News magazine articles

should be current within a few days
to a few months of publication.
Type of Information: Current
events and editorials (news
magazines).
Where to Find: Print magazines are
delivered to homes and libraries.

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C. Newspaper Articles

Currency: Current within a few

minutes to a day of publication.
Corrections made after the fact
can change content later.
Type of Information: Current
events and editorials.
Where to Find: Print newspapers
are delivered to homes and
libraries.

D. Monographs (a.k.a. Scholarly Books)

Currency: Information may be

two or three years old.
Type of
Information: Scholarly
research on a topic.
Where to Find: Monographs
are primarily available through
academic libraries.

E. Nonfiction Books
Currency: Varies widely.
Books on hot topics may be
published within a few weeks
but, as a result, they may
contain errors.
Type of Information: Non-
scholarly information and
opinion.
Where to Find: Nonfiction
books are found in bookstores
and mainly public libraries.

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F. Reference Resources
Currency: Print reference
resources often have annual
updates, so the information in
them should be only about a year
old. Online reference resources
may be updated continuously.
Type of Information: Summary
and synthesis of what is known
about a topic.
Where to Find: Traditionally,
reference resources are available
as books or series of books.

G. Textbooks
Currency: Varies widely.
Type of
Information: Information on a
topic arranged in such a way that
a beginner can acquire
knowledge about that topic
systematically.
Where to Find: In libraries that
have a physical location and
physical collection, some
textbooks may be in the stacks or
held on reserve for short-term
loan.

H. Gray Literature
Gray literature is a huge category
that encompasses a wide variety
of documents that have not been
published in the traditional
sense. Gray literature includes:
• Unpublished conference
papers
• Unpublished theses and
dissertations
• Presentations
• Working papers

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 These are popular sources of information. The vastness of information found
in the World Wide Web (www) makes it difficult to find accurate, reliable, valuable,
authoritative and timely information.

So, as a consumer of information, you must use the following Selection

Criteria Checklist.

SELECTION CRITERIA CHECKLIST

Selection
Questions to Ponder
Criteria
What are the details of this piece of information? Which of the detail can
Reliability
be verified in other sources? Could these details be true? Why or Why not?
Which of these facts are measurable? How were they derived? Was the
Accuracy
article written in an objective manner? Is article written with care?
Value Consider the audience of the article? Who would find this article valuable?
Who wrote the article? How is the author related to the article? What was
his source? Are the sources properly cited? What is the reputation of the
Authority
author? Is he known for some biases?
When was the article written? Is it possible that some of the information
in the article has changed in time? If yes, would the change have any effect
Timeliness
on the conclusion of the article?

Adopted from Media and Information Literacy TG of Department of Education

Remember, there are some situations that demand reliable and valid
information. Finding these information become key for survival. However, popular
media like the one mention above still has not reach some rural areas especially in
third world countries. Where do they get information? They go indigenous! What does
it mean?

Wilson et. al. (2017) define Indigenous media as forms of media expression
conceptualized, produced, and
circulated by indigenous
peoples around the globe as
vehicles for communication,
including cultural preservation,
cultural and artistic expression,
political self-determination, and
cultural sovereignty.

In other words,
indigenous media and
information are original
information and media created
by local or group of people
wherein distribution of
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igorot_people information through dominant
forms of media is not possible.
Have you read your barangay bulletin board lately? Did you see your barangay

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officials do house to house visitation to remind you to stay at home? Indeed, through
these you were aware of what’s happening in your barangay. Aside from this, other
forms indigenous media are folk media, gatherings and social organizations, direct
observation, records – may be written, carved or oral, and oral instruction.

You have to
remember though that
these indigenous
information and media
sources are very unique
and varied from group to
group or people to people.
Yet, it is a highly credible
information because its
nearness or closeness are
near the source of
information and it is
seldom circulated for Source: https://bit.ly/3hRkBmg
profits. Indigenous media
serves as a channel for change, education, and development because of its direct
access to local media. Thus, ignoring indigenous media and information can result
in development and education programs that are irrelevant and ineffective.

What’s More

Activity 1. Media Double!

Below are media sources. Identify which among them are indigenous media to
your locality. If not, write its counterpart. Write your answer in another piece of
paper.

Indigenous Media
Example of Media and Information If Not,
Sources Yes Write its indigenous
counterpart
1. “Perspective” by Ruben Canoy
2. Philippine Daily Inquirer
3. 24 Oras
4. Inquirer.Net
5. Time Magazine
6. Cebu City Official Website
7. Yorme Vlog

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 Wow! That’s good. Knowing our media sources allow us to identify what to use
and what not to use. Do not forget, indigenous media are channels for change,
education and development.

Activity 2. Sensing Something

Below is the checklist that can help you examine and compare information
sources. Put a check mark on the YES column if you find it helpful and check on the
NOT column if it is not.

Helpful?
Questions
YES NOT
1. Is this site relevant to my needs and purpose?
2. What is the purpose of this site?
3. Who created the information of this site?
4. What is this person’s level of expertise?
5. When was the information at this site updated?
6. Where can I go to check the accuracy of this information?
7. Why did this person or group put this information on the
internet?
8. Does the website present only one side of the issue, or are
multiple perspectives provided?
9. How are information and/or images at this site shaped by the
author’s stance?
10. Is there anyone who might be offended or hurt by the
information at this site?
11. How can I connect these ideas to my own questions and
interpretations?

Did you practice these when you look for information especially on the web?
If it is so, then you must be very analytic and critical in determining the reliability
and validity of information you see online. Congratulations! Keep it up because it
means that you have fully acquired the skill in how to find the correct
information sources!

Activity 3. Informative Decision!

Read the situation below and show how media and information sources help
in the decision making of a community. Explain your decision in 2-3 sentences. Write
your answers in another piece of paper.

Situation:
Due to COVID-19 crisis, there has been a shortage of burial places in the city.
Your barangay, as a mountain barangay and a less populated area of the city has

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been chosen to be a cemetery for COVID-19 victims. Your barangay disseminates the
said city government proposal and is asking for its constituents to decide.

Task:
Gather as many information as you can about the proposal. Use the guide
questions below to help you gather important information needed in making a
decision.

Guide Questions Your Answer

What information about COVID-19 and cemetery did you get?
Which information can be verified by other sources? Can these
be true? Why or Why not?
Which facts on death toll in our city are measurable? How
were they derived? Is the article about number of deaths
written in an objective manner? Is the article written with
care?
Consider the audience of the articles you read, who would find
this article valuable?
Who wrote the article? How is the author related to the article?
What was his source? Are the sources properly cited? What is
the reputation of the author? Is he known for some biases?
When was the article written? Is it possible that some of the
information in the articles have changed in time? If yes, would
the changes have any effect on the conclusion of the article?

My Decision
Based on my gathered data, I vote (No, Yes) on the proposal to make our
barangay a burial ground for COVID-19 victims because
_____________________________. Also, I based my decision
________________________________________________________.

What I Have Learned

Remember that media and information sources are…

◼ Popular or common media which can be classified as physical (print,

analog) versus online (electronic, digital,) text versus audio-video and book
versus journal
◼ Indigenous media are main sources of information in places where popular
media like print, broadcast, and new media cannot reach. It is highly
credible because of its nearness to the source, can be channels for change,
education and development because of its direct access.

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Remember that information is…

◼ reliable when it can be evaluated.

◼ accurate when it is close to the original source.
◼ important when it helps the user.
◼ timely when it is updated.

What I Can Do

My Most Used Media and Information Sources

As a student, you have many questions that need to be answered. As a result,

searching for information becomes your daily habit. Recall at least three (3) popular
media (websites, print, broadcast) and indigenous media sources you frequently visit
or use. Then, make a review and give a rating based on these criteria -- reliability,
accuracy, value, authority and timeliness. Make sure to write recommendations too.
Use 5 stars as the highest and 0 as the lowest and write your answers in a short
bond paper.

Rubrics for rating your “Media and Information Source Reviews”

Criteria 10 8 6 4
The checklist The checklist The checklist The
Checklist used indicate used indicate used indicate checklist
Used that the that the that the used
(Reasoning student fully student grasps student grasps indicate
for giving the grasps the the topic but the topic but that the
rating) topic. with little lots of student
misconceptions misconceptions use is not
. . relevant to
the topic.
The student The student The student The
Meaningfulness was able to was able to was able to student
create a create a create a was not
cohesive and cohesive but cohesive able to
comprehensive not review, with create a
review, with comprehensive not so much cohesive or
supporting review, with supporting meaningfu
details to its supporting details to its l review.
meaning. details to its meaning.
meaning.

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 The project was The project as The project was The project
Completeness submitted with submitted but submitted but was
all the had a few seems to be submitted
requirements lacking slightly largely
satisfied. components. uncompleted. unfinished
.

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Read the questions below carefully. In a piece of paper, write the
letter of the correct answer.

1. What are indigenous information?

A. It is information created by a local group of people.
B. It is information consumed by a local group of people
C. It refers to the content about native people created through dominant
forms of media.
D. It refers to the content about native people popularized through dominant
forms of media.
2. How does indigenous media offer change, education and development in a
community?
A. It is important because of its direct access to local channels.
B. It is important because it is attractive to the elders of the community.
C. It is important because of the language used and proximity to the users.
D. It is important because it is the cheapest and not commonly used
channels.
3. What would happen if indigenous media are ignored and neglected?
A. Development and education programs are relevant and effective.
B. Development and education programs are irrelevant and ineffective.
C. Development and education programs support the community’s culture.
D. Development and education programs disregard the culture of the
community.
4. What kind of information sources found in our school?
A. library source C. internet source
B. indigenous source D. human source
5. Which DOES NOT belong to group?
A. community bulletin C. internet source
B. indigenous source D. human source
6. What question may give the accuracy of the information?
A. Was the article written objectively?
B. Which of these facts are measurable?
C. What are the details of the information?
D. Was the information valuable to other readers?

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7. What kind of information found in internet sources?
A. Information may be fictitious in form and content.
B. Information may be quite factual in form and content.
C. Information may be quite varied in form and content.
D. Information may be free varied in form and content.
8. How would you access library information?
A. Knowing how the information being accessed may be classified.
B. Knowing how the information being accessed may be produced.
C. Knowing how the information being accessed may be alerted.
D. Knowing how the information being accessed may be checked.
9. How would you determine the accuracy of information?
A. Cross reference with other sources to check for consistency.
B. Determine reference with other advertisement for consistency.
C. Check reference with other sources to check for consistency.
D. Determine the reason of referencing with other sources to check for
consistency.
10. What signifies reliable information?
A. Information is reliable when it can be searched and read.
B. Information is reliable when it can be verified and evaluated.
C. Information is reliable when it can be supported and watched.
D. Information is reliable when it can be accessed and downloaded.
11. “Indigenous media cannot meet the information needs of a community.” What
word in the sentence makes it incorrect?
A. indigenous media C. cannot meet
B. information needs D. of a community
12. Which criteria in checking information means that information is important to
individuals and to the community?
A. Accuracy C. Reliability
B. Authority D. Value
13. Which criteria of checking information indicates that the information must be
close to the original source?
A. Accuracy C. Reliability
B. Authority D. Value
14. Which of the criteria below is similar to reliability of information?
A. Accuracy C. Timeliness
B. Authority D. Value
15. What word is synonymous to “indigenous”?
A. Direct C. Foreign
B. Factual D. Native

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 Additional Activities

Essay: Write a 150-word essay on the topic “How do people find information
that matches their needs in this COVID-19 crisis”. Use the rubrics to guide you.

Writing Rubrics:

Criteria 25 23 21 19
Most words Some words Words are Words are
are carefully are carefully chosen with chosen with
chosen; chosen; less care; less care;
writing is writing is writing is writing is
clear and clear and sometimes sometimes
legible. Most legible. Most unclear; most unclear; some
Mechanics
words are words are words are words are
spelled spelled spelled spelled
correctly and correctly and correctly and incorrectly
proper proper is and proper
punctuation is punctuation is grammatically punctuation is
employed. employed. correct. not employed.
Major points Major points Major points Topic is
are presented are presented. are presented. oversimplified
and However, However, most or fails to
fully some of them of them are present major
supported are not not points.
Content with supported supported
convincing with with
arguments, convincing convincing
ideas and arguments, arguments,
data. ideas and ideas and
data. data.

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 Answer Key

(Note: example may vary)

Indigenous media are 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7
Activity 2
What’s More

S
S
E Y
N C
I A
I T Y L A U T H O R
E U
E M C
U I C
B I L I T Y R E L I A
A
V

Word Puzzle
What’s In

References:
Wilson, Carolyn et al. (2011). Media and Information Literacy: Curriculum for
Teachers. UNESCO Press ISBN 978-92-3-104198-3 (EN); 978-959-18-07; 978-959-
18-0787-8 (ES).

(n.d.). Evaluating Information: Validity, Reliability, Accuracy .... Retrieved on August

1, 2020, from https://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-
binaries/17810_5052_Pierce_Ch07.pdf.

(n.d.). Teaching Adolescents How to Evaluate the Quality of Online .... Retrieved on
August 1, 2020, from https://www.edutopia.org/blog/evaluating-quality-of-online-
info-julie-coiro.

(n.d.). Lesson Plan: Evaluating sources -- What's a 'reliable' source? Retrieved on

August 1, 2020, from
https://www.carli.illinois.edu/sites/files/pub_serv/ICForum150618GrossmannHa
ndout.pdf.

(n.d.). Evaluating Reliable Sources | Teaching Tolerance. Retrieved on August 1,

2020, from https://www.tolerance.org/classroom-resources/tolerance-
lessons/evaluating-reliable-sources.

2020, July 15). Accuracy - Research Skills Tutorial - LibGuides at Empire ....
Retrieved on August 1, 2020, from
https://subjectguides.esc.edu/researchskillstutorial/accuracy.

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