Chapter 3.

Kompetensi dasar:

3.3 Membedakan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan beberapa teks
report lisan dan tulis dengan memberi dan meminta informasi terkait teknologi
yang tercakup dalam mata pelajaran lain di Kelas X sesuai dengan konteks
penggunaannya

4.3 Teks report

4.3.1 Menangkap makna secara kontekstual terkait fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur
kebahasaan teks report lisan dan tulis, terkait teknologi yang tercakup dalam mata
pelajaran lain di Kelas X
4.3.2 Menyusun teks report lisan dan tulis, terkait teknologi yang tercakup dalam mata
pelajaran lain di Kelas X, dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan
unsur kebahasaan, secara benar dan sesuai konteks

Activity 1. Getting started

Watch the following video and answer the questions.

https://youtu.be/1yBwWLunlOM
1. What does the video talk about?
2. Can you describe a rocket based on the explanation given on the video?

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Activity 2. Fill in the blanks
Watch the video again and listen carefully to what the speaker is saying. Complete the
following text based on the video.

Firework Gravity Structural Modern Sophisticated

Chinese Scientists Shapes Future Propulsion
Spacebound Fuel Guidance Payload Battlefield

The ground begins to tremble. Massive engines roar to life. Billowing clouds of exhaust.
And then a blinding pillar of fire. A mighty voyager leaves the Earth behind to explore the
vast universe among the stars.

Launching a rocket into space is one of humankind's crowning achievements. Although

they come in many different (1)__________ and sizes, all rockets are propelled by
engines that produce thrust. The rockets that launch into space are made up of four major
systems, based on function. The (2)___________ system makes up the frame that holds
the rocket together and consists of the cylindrical body, nose cone, and fins. Next, the
(3)_____________ system takes up the most amount of space and includes the rocket
engine, fuel, and oxidizer. The (4)____________ system depends on each mission and
consists of anything a rocket is carrying into space, like a spacecraft, satellite, or human
being. Lastly, the (5)___________ system is made up of radars and computers that
provide stability for the rocket and control maneuvers in flight. In order to launch into
space, all four of these rocket systems must work together to overcome the force of
(6)__________.

The launch begins when the rocket's propulsion system starts to generate a massive
amount of thrust. Thrust is the force produced by burning (7)__________ as exhaust
gases escape through the engine. Once the rocket generates more thrust than its own
weight, it lifts into the air to begin its powered ascent. During this phase of the flight, the
weight of the rocket will constantly change as fuel continues to burn off. As a result, most
(8)__________ rockets use a technique called staging to reduce dead weight and
increase efficiency. The method involves breaking off a large rocket into two or three
smaller rockets that fall away at different stages of the launch.

As the rocket continues into orbit, its (9)_________ guidance system maintains balance
and steers to keep the flight trajectory on track. At the correct altitude and speed, the
upper stage engine cuts off, completing the rocket's journey from Earth's surface into orbit.

Long before blasting into space, rockets were used here on Earth as early as the 13th
century. The first known rockets were introduced by the (10)__________ in 1232 A.D.
These fire arrows were used to fight against invading armies and were made by attaching
fireworks packed with gunpowder to long arrows. By the 16th century, the use of rockets
for amusement had spread from Asia to Europe, where they gained popularity in elaborate
(11)____________ displays at celebrations and festivities. During the following centuries,

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 the work of (12)___________, like Isaac Newton and his Laws of Motion, began to greatly
increase knowledge into the forces behind rocketry and how to control them. And by the
end of the 18th century, military forces around the world began to apply these new
scientific understandings to the (13)___________, transforming the earlier, crude rockets
into powerful weapons of war. However, the true dawn of space rocketry began in the
early 20th century, thanks to massive technological improvements in rocket science and
aeronautics. By the 1950s, the stage was set for the (14)__________ space age, and
development began on sophisticated launch vehicle systems like the Atlas rocket family,
which launched America's first astronaut into orbit, the Titan rockets, which were behind
the pivotal Gemini missions during the Space Race, and the Saturn rocket family, which
includes the largest and most powerful rocket ever successfully launched, the mighty
Saturn V. Standing as high as a 36-story building and weighing more than 3,000 tons, this
behemoth was used to launch the Apollo missions to the moon. We choose to go to the
moon not because they are easy, but because they are hard.

Since the beginning of human history, adventurers have looked at the skies and dreamt of
touching the stars. And today, innovations in rocketry are opening up possibilities to
launch astronauts farther into space than ever before. Whether our sights are set on the
moon, Mars, or beyond, the (15)__________ of rocketry and space exploration is only just
blasting off.

Activity 3. Reading
Read the text again and answer the following questions.
1. What is a humankinds’ crowning achievement?
A. Inventing a rocket
B. Launching a rocket into space
C. Developing rocketry
D. Inventing aeronautic
E. Spacecraft discovery

2. What is produced by rockets?

A. Emission
B. Gases
C. Thrust
D. Orbit
E. System

3. How many major systems are rocket made up?

A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
E. 7

4. What does propulsion system consist of?

A. Rocket engine, fuel, and oxidizer
B. Frame
C. Cylindrical body, nose cone and fins

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 D. Anything a rocket carrying into space
E. Control maneuver

5. What is “staging”?
A. A technique to improve the strength of rockets
B. A technique to reduce emission
C. A technique to reduce dead weight and increase efficiency
D. A technique to increase efficiency of payload system
E. A technique to reduce fuel

6. When was a rocket used in Earth long before it was blasting into space?
A. 12th century
B. 13th century
C. 14th century
D. 15th century
E. 16th century

7. Who introduced the first know rockets?

A. Wan Hu
B. The American
C. Louis XVI
D. The Indian
E. The Chinese

8. What did rockets used for by the 16th century?

A. For war
B. For amusement
C. For space voyage
D. For adventure
E. For aeronautic development

9. Which scientist contribute to increase knowledge into the forces behind rocketry?
A. Isaac Newton
B. Wan Hu
C. Louis XVI
D. Col. William Congreve
E. Indian Mysorean

10. What rocket family had successfully launched America’s first astronaut into orbit?
A. Atlas
B. Titan rockets
C. Saturn
D. Space race
E. Saturn V

Exercise 2. Reading
Read the following text.
Computers are machines which allow people to electronically work with and save complex
information very efficiently. They are also becoming part of our social lives.
The basic computer system has two parts, the hardware including parts such as a

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 monitor, keyboard, printer, scanner and mouse or touch pad. And the software which
includes the Operating System (OS).

Hardware is the physical part of computers which means it can be seen and touched. It
includes the Central Processing Unit (CPU), which does the actual work of computers, the
circuit board or motherboard, and built-in disk drives.

Information is entered into computers from a keyboard or from storage devices like USBs,
DVDs, or MP3 players. The monitor screen shows the information which has been put into
the computer. The mouse or touch pad is used for navigation of the screen.

Software is the information that computers use to get the job done. This information is
referred to as a program or application and is stored on a disk which is a storage device.
The disk drive is the mechanism that runs the disk. The Random Access Memory or RAM
is where computers store the information which is currently being used. The operating
system most commonly used on personal computers is “Windows” which is produced by
Microsoft.

Business people regularly use computers to perform their work. Through the use of
computers, they create professional looking documents that can be quickly shared with
their peers and their clients. Students and people in the community use computers to
learn and through the internet service providers, program, and platforms they create digital
communities for social networking.

Answer the following questions.

1. What are two things do people use computer for?

2. What are the basic computer systems?

3. What is hardware? Give examples.

4. How do business people use computers?

5. What do students use computer for?

Decide whether the following statement is True or False.

6. Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the physical part of computers that can be seen and
touched.
7. Keyboard and other storage devices send information into computers.

8. Monitor is used to navigate the computer.

9. Computers help business people perform their work to create digital communities.

10. The application that contain information that computers used to get the job done is called
RAM.

Read the following text.

The B.M.X. (Bicycle Motor Cross) is a bike designed and built for specific purposes. The
bike is generally made of steel so that it is strong and will not bend under the enormous
stress that it is subjected to when being ridden. Some bikes, designed especially for

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 B.M.X. racing, are made of aluminium because it is lighter.

The main difference between B.M.X. and other bikes is the undersized frame which allows
maximum maneuverability. The wheels are also small, with wide tires. Most have a gyro
system of bearings and pulleys that allows the large, curved handlebars to spin 360
degrees. This enables the rider to perform daredevil stunt and tricks. The saddle is low
and not added for comfort because the bike is often ridden by standing on the pedals or
on strong, steel stunt pegs that are found on either side of the front and back wheels.

There are now centres in the country where B.M.X. riders take part in competitions. There
is an event called the ‘X Games’ which is the Olympic of the extreme sports world. Many
young riders challenge themselves to imitate the daring and complicated exercises
performed by professionals.

Some bikers ride up and down slopes that look like larger versions of skateboard ramps,
executing difficult jumps, and spins at both ends. Others perform their tricks on flat
ground, balancing on small areas of the bike itself. Specially designed B.M.X. bikes, with
large chunky tires to provide more definite grip, race ten abreast over dirt tracks. There
are now a number of separate areas where the bikes can be ridden safely away from cars
and pedestrians.

B.M.X. bikes provide riders with the opportunity to use their skill and imagination to carry
out gymnastics and artistic stunts.

Answer the following questions.

11. What is the purpose of making B.M.X. of steel?
A. It is lighter.
B. It will win the competition.
C. It is designed and built for specific purposes.
D. It is strong and will not bend under the enormous stress.
E. It is subjected to bending or breaking when being ridden.

12. Which one is not the characteristics of B.M.X.?

A. The undersized frame allows maximum maneuverability.
B. They can curve handlebars to spin 360 degrees.
C. The pedals are not padded.
D. The wheels are small.
E. The tires are wide.

13. How should you read X. in ‘B.M.X.’?

A. Eks
B. Iks
C. Ten
D. Cross
E. Wrong

14. What is the name of the Olympics of the extreme sports world?
A. Extreme Games
B. Olympiad
C. X Games
D. B.M.X. Rider Competition

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 E. Complicated Exercises

15. “Some bikers ride up and down slopes that look like larger versions of skateboard ramps,
executing difficult jumps and spins at both ends”. (Paragraph 4)
What does the word ‘end’ mean?
A. The edges of slopes
B. The competed maneuvers
C. The finished games
D. The circuit of skateboard rumps
E. The terminated jumping and spinning

Report Text
“Report is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as a result of
systematic observation and analyses.”
A. Social function/purpose
To presents information about something, as it is
Its social purpose is presenting information about something. They generally describe
an entire class of things, whether natural or made, such as mammals, the planets,
rocks, plants, countries of region, culture, transportation, and so on.
B. Generic Structures
1. General Classification; Stating classification of general aspect of thing; animal,
public place, plant, etc which will be discussed in general
2. Description: tells what the phenomenon under discussion; in terms of parts,
qualities, habits or behaviours.

C. Language Features
 Use of general nouns, e.g. hunting dogs, rather than particular nouns, e.g. our
dog;
 Use of relating verbs to describe features, e.g. Molecules are tiny particles;
 Some use of action verbs when describing behaviour, e.g. Emus cannot fly;
 Use of timeless present tense to indicate usualness, e.g. Tropical cyclones
always begin over the sea;
 Use of technical terms, e.g. Isobars are lines drawn on a weather map;
 Use of paragraphs with topic sentences to organise bundles of information;
repeated naming of the topic as the beginning focus of the clause.

The electric torch or flashlight

General classification A flashlight or an electric Linking verbs (is, are)

torch is a hand-held,
portable, electrically
powered light source.

Description of use It is commonly used for The simple present tense

finding keyholes, (find, consists, rests, forms)
supplementing dark-adapted
vision, or helping you find
your way when walking in
the dark.

The inventor (optional, if The electric torch was The simple past is used for
available) invented in 1902 by Conrad history of the invention (was
Hubert, who was also invented, was also known)

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 known as Akiba Horowitz.

Parts of the device A typical flashlight consists

of a light bulb mounted in a
reflector with a transparent
cover to protect the light
source and reflector, a Passive forms in the present
battery, and a switch. These tense (is commonly used,
are supported and protected are supported and
by a plastic case. protected, is connected, is
enclosed)
The central part of a torch is
the battery. The bottom of
the bulb rests on the
positive terminal of the
battery. The zinc case of the Noun phrase (a flashlight,
battery forms the negative keyholes, light bulb)
terminal. The negative
terminal of the battery is
connected to the switch by a
brass strip. Another brass
strip runs from the switch to
the metal case of the bulb.

The bulb contains a very

thin wire called a filament.
The filament, made of a
tungsten alloy, is enclosed
in a vacuum. The filament
rests on two glass columns.
Two wires pass through the
columns and the whole
assembly is enclosed in a
thin glass envelope.

Dishwasher

Text organization A dishwasher is a device Language elements

1. ……………… that can easily be found in 6. Linking verbs
restaurants and private ____________________
homes. It is very useful ____________________
because it helps people
clean dishes and eating-
utensils. 7. The simple past
____________________
In 1887, Josephine ____________________
2. …………….. Cochrane invented the first
Consist of: dishwasher. She made the
3. ……………. machine because her 8. The simple present
4. ……………. servants often broke her ____________________
lovely ceramic dishes. Since ____________________
then dishwashers have

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 continuously improved until
today. Modern dishwashers 9. Passive sentences
are made of stainless steel ____________________
and consist of a front ____________________
drawing-door for loading
The function of the factual dishes, a wire rack for the
report is: dirty crockery, a rotating 10. Noun phrases
5. …………... sprayer and a drying ____________________
element. The standard width ____________________
and depth is 60 cm or 24
inches in Europe and in the
US.

Dishwashers clean the dirt

from the dishes by spraying
hot water, typically between
55 and 75⁰C. the water is
mixed with detergent. Then
the mixture is pumped by
rotating spray arms which
spray it onto the dishes.
When the washing process
finishes, the water is drained
and more hot water is
pumped in for a rinsing
process. The final process is
to heat the dishes to dry
them. The whole process
needs 15 to 20 minutes.