CRPC

20 MARKS
2021
1. Discus the role of functionaries exercising powers and discharging duties under the Code of Criminal Procedure.
(2020, 2019)

2. Define the term 'arrest' and examine the provisions relating to arrest of female person with the help of case laws.
state the circumstances under which a Police Officer can arrest a person without warrant. Refer case law.(2019)

3. State the procedure when investigating cannot be completed within twenty four hours. Does this delay entitle the
accused person for default bail and judicial custody? Cite the case laws.

4. Define the term 'judgement'. Can a court alter or review its judgement or final order once it is pronounced? State
the manner hour metropolitan magistrate will record its judgement.

5. Discuss the underlying object of 'Reference'. How 'substantial' question of law' enshrined in Article 228 of the
constitution is different from the 'question as to validity of any law' found in Section 395 of the Code.

6. When bail may be taken in non-bailable offence? Discus the provision with the help of case laws.

2020

1. Define plea bargaining. Discuss the arguments put forth for and against plea bargaining.

3. What do you mean by the word F.I.R? What is the procedure for investigation? Discuss a magistrate’s power to
order the police to investigate a case. Cite the relevant case law.

4. Discuss the purpose of ‘charge’. State the contents of a charge. Can the Court alter the charge? If so, how and
when?

5. ‘Section 438 of Cr.P.C. is an extraordinary remedy and should be adopted in special or exceptional cases’.
Keeping in mind the above observation, write down the guidelines laid down by the Supreme Court in Sushila
Aggarwal and others v. State (NCT of Delhi) and another (2020).

6. How is an appeal presented? Describe the power of the appellate court.

2019

3. Is a defective charge necessarily fatal for conviction? (i) A is charged with the murder of Khoda Baksh on the
21st January, 1882. In fact, the murdered person’s name was Haider Baksh, and the date of the murder was the 20th
January, 1882. A was never charged with any murder but one, and had heard the inquiry before the magistrate,
which referred exclusively to the case of Haider Baksh. Is the mistake fatal for the conviction of A? (ii) A was
charged with murdering Haider Baksh on 20th January 1882, and Khoda Baksh (who tried to arrest him for that
murder) on the 21st January,1882. When charged for the murder of Haider Baksh, he was tried for the murder of
Khoda Baksh. The witnesses present in his defence were witnesses in the case of Haider Baksh. Is the mistake fatal
for the conviction of A?

4. Shall the execution of the death sentence be postponed in case of appeal to the Supreme Court? If yes, then state
the procedure.

5. ‘The law clearly expects the appellate court to dispose of the appeal on merits not merely by perusing the
reasoning of the trial court in the judgment, but by cross-checking the reasoning with the evidence on record with a
view to satisfying itself that the reasoning and findings recorded by the trial court are consistent with the material on
record’.
6. Discuss the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 as amended by the Criminal Law (Amendment)
Act, 2005 relating to ‘Plea Bargaining’. Who may file an application for ‘Plea Bargaining’? What procedure does
the court have to follow in working out a Mutually Satisfactory Disposition?

2018

1. Describe the various classes of criminal courts in India for trial of offences. Explain their constitutional powers,
jurisdiction and maximum sentence which they can award.

2. What are the different parts or stages of crime investigation from the registration of FIR to the preparation of the
case for court trial? Refer case laws.

3. ‘Power of appellate court to review evidence in appeals against acquittal is as extensive as its powers in appeals
against convictions, but that power is with a note of caution that appellate court should be slow in interfering with
orders of acquittal unless there are compelling reasons to do so’. Keeping in mind the above observation of Supreme
Court, discuss the general principals regarding powers of the appellate court while dealing with an appeal against an
order of acquittal, laid down by the court in Chandappa and Others V. State of Karnataka (2007) 4 SCC 415.

4. The bail provisions in Cr.P.C. have bestowed more or less an unqualified and uncontrolled discretion on the
judges. Discuss the law relating to bail in the light of the above statement with the help of case laws.

5. Explain charge and discuss its form and contents. Is a defective charge necessarily fatal to conviction? Discuss
with the help of case laws.

6. Do you agree that the scheme of plea bargaining has in fact created an arbitrary and unreasonable classification
between two similarly situated individuals, where one has ability to compensate to the victim and other has
disability to do the same? Elucidate the observations of Supreme Court of India concerning ‘plea bargaining’ in the
context of the present legal frame.

2017

1. What is the relevance of schedule I of Cr.P.C.? Discuss its relevance to the IPC and bailable/non-bailable and
cognizable/ non-cognizable offences.

2. When can the police arrest a person without an order from a magistrate and / or without a warrant? Explain. Can a
private person arrest a proclaimed offender?

3. Explain the procedure for recording First Information Report. Discuss the evidentiary value of FIR and the effect
of delay in lodging the FIR.

4. What do you mean by ‘anticipatory bail’? What proper cause of action on an application for anticipatory bail
ought to be observed by court? Explain with the help of case law.

5. State the provision when no appeal lies against a conviction. What are the exceptions to the said provision?

6. “The law fails to address the needs of the victim to be treated with dignity, to sustained protection from
intimidation, to readily access the justice mechanism, to legal aid and rehabilitation”. Critically examine the above
statement keeping in mind the victim’s rights to participation, protection and information in criminal proceedings

5 MARKS

2021

7. Write short note on rights of the victim.

8. Write short note on objective of charge.

9. Distinguish the term appeal, review and revision, reference. (2020)

2020

7. Discus the essential particulars of a judgment.

9. Bail not jail for all under trials should be the norm without discrimination that is the rule of law. Briefly Explain.

10. What are the rights of the arrested person under the Constitution and Cr.P.C? Briefly Explain.

2019

7. Define the term ‘Victim’.

8. State the difference between Sections 357 A (6) and Section 357 C of Cr.P.C.

9. State distinction between Probation and Parole.

10. ‘Discharge of accused’.

2018

7. Apart from sentence and fine/compensation to be paid by an accused to the victim, do you think that court can
compel the state under section 357-A of Cr,.P.C. to pay compensation, when the accused is not in a position to pay
fair compensation?

8. Describe the term ‘indigent person’.

9. Briefly explain the mode of delivery of judgment.

10. Write a short note on victim’s participation in criminal trial.

2017

7. Can a convict seek remission directly from a court of law? Elucidate.

8. How a ‘judgment’ is beneficial to parties, legal profession, other judges and appellate court? Elucidate.

9. Write distinction between plea bargaining and compounding of offences.

10. Write distinction between summon case and warrant case.

EVIDENCE LAW
20 MARKS
2021
1. Discuss the cases (instances) when confessions are irrelevant. Substantiate your answer with relevant rules of
evidence and case law, if any.

2. Who is a co-accused and what is the evidentiary value of confession of a co-accused(2020)? Cite statutory rules
and case law to elaborate your answer.

3. What is a relevant fact? Consider the following and determine the „relevant facts‟ which may be offered in
evidence by the prosecution, should the police treat it as a murder case: Roger was found dead in his home where he
lived with his wife Rosy and a younger cousin Peter. When the police arrived, Rosy and Peter told them that Roger
had committed suicide by hanging from a hook in their store room. However, the body was lying on the floor of the
store room and had strangulation marks on the neck. Peter told the police that Roger was taken off the hook as they
believed him to be still alive. He also told the police that they had tried to revive Roger but in vain. The police
closely observed the scene of occurrence and also noticed the following: (a) The store room had a hook in the
ceiling but the hook had cobweb around it. (b) A nylon rope was lying beside the dead body. (c) Roger was wearing
a sleeping suit. (d) The storeroom is attached to the front bedroom which was used only as a guest room in the three
BHK flat. Upon further investigation, the police also found that (e) Rosy and Peter were in a relationship.

4. What are the general rules relating to burden of proof? Decide, with reasons, upon who does the burden of proof
lie in the following fact situations? (a) Smith is living abroad and Kristine was the caretaker of his flat in Lucknow.
In 2021 after the lockdown restrictions were eased, Smith came back to Lucknow and to his horror found that the
flat was sold out to James who had also moved in the flat with his family. Smith claims that he did not sell the flat
but James is convinced that the deal was genuine. Kristine is untraceable. Smith wants his flat back and has filed an
eviction suit against James. (b) Bell is accused of theft in a jewellery shop and Den of receiving stolen property.
Both are being tried jointly. Bell wants the court to believe that he was elsewhere on the date and time of theft. Den
wants the court to believe that he had no knowledge that the jewellery was stolen.

5. Make an analytical survey of the development of the rules of admissibility of electronic evidence in India.
Mention, with reasons, if the following is admissible as per the extant statutory and case law applicable to
admissibility of electronic record. (a) Photocopy of a printout of a screenshot of a whatsApp chat between two
persons. Assume that the content of the chat is relevant. (b) The flash drive to which the screenshot of the whatsApp
chat is transferred from the mobile phone. (c) The mobile phone of the person who alleges that an intimidating
message was sent to him and he wishes to lodge a first information report based on the content of the message.

6. What are the two ways in which the phrase “direct evidence” is used in the law of evidence? Discuss fully with
suitable illustrations

2020

1. What is meant by ‘direct evidence’ when contrasted with the ‘circumstantial evidence’? Does the meaning change
when the term ‘direct evidence’ is used in relation to ‘hearsay evidence’? Substantiate your answer with appropriate
illustrations and case law.

2. Discuss the relevancy practice and procedure of Test Identification Parade. Substantiate your answer with case
law.

3. What are the two senses in which the phrase ‘burden of proof’ is used? Discuss the law relating to burden of proof
in civil and criminal proceedings.(2018,2017) Substantiate your answer with illustrations and case law.

4. Discuss the law relating to the admissibility of electronic evidence. Do you think that the extant law on the point
is reasonable? Elaborate your answer in the light of decided cases.

5. Discuss the constitutional validity of Section 27 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 with respect to issues raised in
State of U.P. v. Deoman Upadhyay case.

2019

1. Define ‘presumption’, what do you mean by ‘may presume’, ‘shall presume’ and ‘conclusive proof’?

2. Define ‘confession’. Under what circumstances the confession is admissible or inadmissible?

3. Discuss the admissibility of similar fact evidence in Indian and English law of evidence.

4. Explain the provision related to Exclusion of oral evidence by documentary evidence.

5. When are opinions of third person relevant according to the Indian Evidence Act?

6. What is “Burden of Proof”? on whom the burden of proof lies

2018
1. ‘A’ was called to police station for interrogation. During interrogation ‘A’ complained of severe stomach pain. He
was taken to hospital in a police van, while in hospital, he confessed to a doctor that he committed robbery. Is the
confession admissible?

2. What is meant by dying declaration? Explain its evidentiary value.

3. What do you mean by Secondary Evidence? State the circumstances in which secondary evidence may be given.

5. Discuss presumption of legitimacy of a child under Indian Evidence Act, 1872.

6. What are privileged communications? Explain.

2017

1. Discuss the controversy in Queen Empress v. Abdullah case.

2. Comparatively discuss the difference between admissions and confessions.

3. Discuss the law relating to relevance of similar fact evidence.

5. Can a Court presume existence of certain facts? Discuss in detail.

6. Discuss the law regarding competency of a witness. Can a wife be a competent witness against her husband?

5 MARKS

2021

7. Who may be treated as a police officer under Section 25 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872?

8. What is a presumption? Define.

9. Approach of Indian courts to illegally obtained evidence.

10. Meaning of “judicial proceeding”.

2020

7. Relevancy admissibility and illegally obtained evidence.

8. Tests to determine whether a proceeding is judicial in nature.

9. Law of Evidence and quest for truth.

10. Testimony of a child witness.

2019

7. Explain the terms ‘proved’, ‘disproved’ and ‘not proved’.

8. Best Evidence Rule.

9. Who is an expert?

10. “Heresay evidence is no evidence”. Explain

2018

7. An accused is alleged to have committed the murder of his wife in the presence of his 8 years old son, whether the
evidence of child admissible? Explain.

8. Write note on Hostile witness.

10. ‘A’ wants to adduce oral evidence to prove the genuineness of a document. Can he do so?

2017

7. Relevancy and admissibility.

8. What is the evidentiary value of admissions?

9. What is Hearsay Evidence?

10. The question is whether ‘A’ committed a crime at Calcutta on certain day. The fact is that, on that day, ‘A’ was
at Lahore. Is this fact relevant?