Upper Limb : Muscles

"Revision"
Anatomy Team 434

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 Muscles of shoulder region

Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE

Lateral 1/3 of clavicle +

Deltoid tuberosity of
Deltoid acromion and spine of Major abductor of the arm
humerus
scapula
Axillary nerve
Greater tuberosity of
Teres minor Laterally rotates the arm
humerus

Lateral border of scapula

Adducts at the shoulder and
Teres major Bicipital groove of humerus Lower subscapular nerve
medially rotates the arm

Abducts the arm 0-15o, and

Supraspinatus Supraspinous fossa
Greater tuberosity of assists deltoid for 15-90o
Suprascapular nerve
humerus

Infraspinatus Infraspinous fossa Laterally rotates the arm

Lesser tuberosity of Upper and lower

Subscapularis Subscapular fossa Medially rotates the arm
humerus subscapular nerves
All the pictures are taken from [ http://teachmeanatomy.info/ ] ..
 Muscles of pectoral region

Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE

-Sternum, -Adduct and medially rotate the

Medial and
Pectoralis -Upper 6 costal cartilages humerus
Lateral lip of bicipital groove lateral pectoral
major -Aponeurosis of external -The clavicular head also
nerves
oblique muscle performs flexion

-Depression of shoulder
Pectoralis 3rd, 4th, & 5th ribs close Medial pectoral
Coracoid process -Draw the ribs upward &
minor to their costal cartilages nerve
outwards during deep inspiration

Steadies or fixes the clavicle

1st rib at its costal Subclavian groove at the inferior Nerve to
Subclavius during movement of the shoulder
cartilage surface of middle 1/3 of clavicle subclavius
joint

-Draws the scapula forward

-Rotates scapula outwards in
Serratus Ventral aspect of the medial border Long thoracic
Upper eight ribs raising the arm above 90 degree.
anterior and inferior angle of the scapula nerve
-Keep the scapula adherent to
the chest wall
 Serratus anterior

Pectoralis minor Pectoralis major

All the pictures are taken from [ http://teachmeanatomy.info/ ] ..

 Muscles of arm region

Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE

-Long Head from supraglenoid -Strong supinator of the

tubercle of scapula (intracapsular) forearm (used in screwing)
-Short Head from the tip of coracoid
In the posterior part of the
-Powerful flexor of elbow
Biceps brachii process of scapula radial tuberosity
-Weak flexor of shoulder,
-The two heads join in the middle of produce supination
the arm Musculocutaneous

Middle of the medial side of

Flexor & a weak adductor of
Coracobrachialis Tip of the coracoid process the shaft of the humerus
the arm

Front of the lower half of Anterior surface of coronoid Musculocutaneous

Brachialis Strong flexor of the forearm
humerus process of ulna & Radial

-Long head from infraglenoid

tubercle of the scapula
-Lateral head from the upper half of Common tendon inserted
the posterior surface of the shaft of into the upper surface of the Strong extensor of the elbow
Triceps brachii humerus above the spiral groove
Radial nerve
olecranon process of ulna joint
-Medial head from the lower half of
the posterior surface of the shaft of
humerus below the spiral groove
 Biceps brachii
Triceps brachii

All the pictures are taken from [ http://teachmeanatomy.info/ ] ..

 Coracobrachialis
Brachialis

All the pictures are taken from [ http://teachmeanatomy.info/ ] ..

 Muscles of forearm (FLEXOR SUPERFICIAL) region

Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE

Middle of lat. surface of

Pronator teres Pronation & flexion of forearm
radius

Flexor carpi
radialis Base of 2nd metacarpal bone Flexion & abduction of the hand
Median nerve
Common flexor origin
(front of medial Into the flexor retinaculum &
epicondyle) Flexes hand & tightens palmer
Palmaris longus palmar aponeurosis
aponeurosis

Flexor carpi Pisiform, Ulnar nerve hook of

Flexion and adduction of the hand Ulnar nerve
ulnaris hamate 5th metacarpalbone

-Common flexor origin Flexes middle and proximal

Flexor digitorum Base of middle phalanges of
-Coronoid process of ulna phalanges of medial 4 fingers, and Median nerve
superficialis medial 4 finger
-Anterior surface of radius the hand
 Muscles of forearm (FLEXOR DEEP) region

Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE

Median nerve except

Flexor digitorum Bases of distal phalanges of Flexes distal phalanges of medial 4 medial half are innervated
Above ulna
profundus medial 4 digits digits by the ulnar nerve

flexes interphalangeal,
Flexor pollicis Base of distal phalanx of
Above radius metacarpophalangeal &
longus thumb
carpometacarpal joints of thumb
Median nerve
Pronator Above the ulna Distal fourth of ant. surface pronates forearm (primemover),
quadratus & radius of radius helps to hold the bones together
All the pictures are taken from [ http://teachmeanatomy.info/ ] ..
 Muscles of forearm (EXTENSOR LATERAL) region

Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE

-Flexes forearm; (elbow)

Brachioradialis Base of styloid process of radius -Rotates forearm to the midprone
Lateral supracondylar position
Radial nerve itself
ridge of humerus
Extensor carpi Posterior surface of base of 2nd Extends and abducts hand at wrist
radialis longus metacarpal bone joint
 Muscles of forearm (EXTENSOR SUPERFICIAL) region

Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE

Extensor carpi Extends and abducts hand at wrist

Base of 3rd metacarpal bone
radialis brevis joint
Posterior
Extensor digitorum Extensor expansion of the Extends medial four fingers at the interosseous
medial 4 fingers MCP and IP joints nerve
(continuation
Extensor digiti Extensor expansion of the Extends the little finger, and Deep Branch of
common extensor
minimi origin, (front of medial 4 fingers contributes to extension at the wrist Radial Nerve)
lateral epicondyle (PURELY MOTOR
of the humerus nerve)
Extensor carpi Base of the 5th metacarpal bone
Extension and adduction of wrist
ulnaris

Posterior and lateral part of the Moves the ulna during pronation and
Anconeus Radial nerve itself
olecrannon extends at the elbow joint
 Muscles of forearm (EXTENSOR DEEP) region

Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE

-Lateral epicondyle of the humerus posterior surface

Supinator Supinates the forearm
-Posterior surface of the ulna of the radius

Abductor
pollicis longus Interosseous membrane Abducts the thumb

Posterior
Extends at the metacarpophalangeal interosseous nerve
Extensor Posterior surface of the radius and
and carpometacarpal joints of the (continuation Deep
pollicis brevis interosseous membrane Thumb
thumb Branch of Radial
Nerve) (PURELY
Extends all joints of the thumb: MOTOR nerve)
Extensor carpometacarpal,
pollicis longus metacarpophalangeal and
posterior surface of the ulna and interphalangeal
interosseous membrane
Extensor
Index Extends the index finger
indices
All the pictures are taken from [ http://teachmeanatomy.info/ ] ..
 Muscles of hand region

Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE

Palmar aponeurosis and flexor Corrugation of skin to Ulnar nerve

Palmaris brevis retinaculum
Skin of palm
improve grip (Superficial branch)

Abductor digiti minimi

Pisiform Abduction
(Hypothenar Eminence)
Base of proximal
phalanges of little finger
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Flexor retinaculum Flexion
(Hypothenar Eminence) Deep branch of Ulnar

Opponens digiti minimi Medial margin of 5th Pulls the 5th metacarpal
Palmar surface of 5th metacarpal
(Hypothenar Eminence) metacarpal forward (Cup the palm)

Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor retinaculum (Scaphoid &

Trapez)
Abduction
(Thenar Eminence)
Base of proximal
phalanges of the thumb
Flexor pollicis brevis
Flexion Median nerve
(Thenar Eminence)
Flexor retinaculum
Oppenens pollicis Lateral part of 1st
metacarpal
Opposition
(Thenar Eminence)
 Hypothenar Eminence

Thenar Eminence

All the pictures are taken from [ http://teachmeanatomy.info/ ] ..

 Muscles of hand region

Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE

Oblique Head: Ant. bases of 2nd

Medial side of base of prox.ph of Deep branch of
Adductor pollicis &3rd metacarpal
thumb
Addiction
Trans Head: 3rd metacarpal Ulnar nerve

Flex metacarpophalangeal 1st & 2nd (Lateral

Lumbrical muscles Extensor expansion of medial joints and extend two) : Median N.
Tendons of Flex.dig. profundus
(4 MUSCLES) four fingers interphalangeal joints of 3rd & 4th : Ulnar N
fingers except thumb (Deep branch)

First: Base of 1st metacarpal.

Proximal phalanges of thumb ,
Palmar interossei Other three: Ant. surface of Adduction of fingers toward
index, ring, & little fingers and
(4 MUSCLES) shafts of 2nd , 4rd & 5th center of the 3rd one
extensor expansion
metacarpals Ulnar nerve

Dorsal interossei Contiguous sides of shafts of Proximal phalang of index, ring , Abduction of fingers away
(4 MUSCLES) metacarpals mid finger & extensor expansion from the 3rd one
 Lumbrical muscles

All the pictures are taken from [ http://teachmeanatomy.info/ ] ..

 Done by:
Noha AlGwaiz & Tariq AlHassan
 Muscles of the Lower Limb
"Revision"
Anatomy Team 434

Color Index: If you have any complaint or

▪ Important Points suggestion please don’t
hesitate to contact us on:
▪ Helping notes AnatomyTeam434@gmail.com
▪ Explanation
 Muscles of gluteal (SUPERFICIAL) region

Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE

-Extension & Lateral rotation of

Gluteus Back of sacrum, coccyx & iliotibial tract & Gluteal hip joint
Inf. Gluteal nerve
Maximus Sacrotuberous ligament tuberosity -Stabilizing femur on tibia
through iliotibial tract

Mid. Part of Gluteal surface

Gluteus Medius Lateral greater trochanter
of ileum -Abduction & medial rotation of
hip joint Sup. Gluteal nerve
Gluteus Ant. Part of Gluteal surface Ant. Part of greater -Prevent tilt of pelvis
Minimus of ileum trochanter
 Muscles of gluteal (SUPERFICIAL) region

All the pictures are taken from [ http://teachmeanatomy.info/ ] ..

Muscles of gluteal (DEEP) region

Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE

Pelvic surface of Mid. 3 Upper border of the greater

Piriformis Anterior rami of S1, S2
sacral vertebrae trochanter

Obturator Inner surface of the Mid. surface of the greater

Internus sidewall of the pelvis trochanter
Nerve to obturator
internus
Upper & lower parts into
Superior Upper part of lesser sciatic
tendon of obturator internus
Gemelli notch Lateral Rotation of Hip joint

Quadratus Lateral border of the ischial Quadrate tubercle &

Femoris tuberosity intertrochanteric crest
Nerve to Quadratus
Upper & lower parts into Femoris
Inferior Lesser part of lesser sciatic
tendon of obturator internus
Gemelli notch
 Muscles of gluteal (DEEP) region

All the pictures are taken from [ http://teachmeanatomy.info/ ] ..

Muscles of thigh (HAMSTRING) region

Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE

-The long head is supplied

by the tibial part of the
- The long head from
-Flexion of the knee sciatic
the ischial tuberosity
Biceps Femoris Head of the fibula -Lateral Rotation of flexed leg -The short head is
- The short head from
*Long Head: Extension of hip supplied by the common
the linea aspera
peroneal part of the
sciatic

-Flexion&medial rotation of the

Semitendinosus Medial surface of tibia > SGS leg at knee joint
-Exten. Of hip joint

-It forms the Oblique Popliteal

ligament Tibial portion of sciatic
Ischial tuberosity
Semimembranosus Medial condyle of tibia -Flexion & medial rotation of the nerve
leg at knee joint
-Exten. Of hip joint

Ischial part of Adductor tubercle of the

Exten. Of hip joint
Adductor Magnus medial condyle of the femur
 Muscles of thigh (HAMSTRING) region

All the pictures are taken from [ http://teachmeanatomy.info/ ] ..

Muscles of thigh (ANTERIOR) region

Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE

-Flexion, abduction & lateral

Sartorius Anterior superior iliac spine Medial surface of tibia rotation of hip joint
-Flexion of knee joint

Pectineus Sup. Pubic ramus Back of femur Flexion & Adduction of hip joint

Iliacus Iliac fossa

Lesser trochanter Flexion of hip joint
Psoas major T12 & lumbar vertebrae
Femoral nerve
-Rectus Femoris: Ant. Inf.
Iliac spine
-Patella
-Vastus Medialis + Vastus
Quadriceps -From patella to tibial
Lateralis: Posterior border Extension of knee joint
Femoris tuberosity through
of femur
ligamentum patellae
-Vastus intermedialis: Front
shaft of femur
 Muscles of thigh (ANTERIOR) region

All the pictures are taken from [ http://teachmeanatomy.info/ ] ..

Muscles of thigh (ADDUCTOR) region

Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE

Adductor
Body of pubis
Longus

Adductor Body of pubis & inferior

Linea aspera Adduction of hip joint
Brevis ramus
Obturator nerve
Adductor
Magnus
Inferior pubic ramus &
ischial ramus Adduction of hip joint & flexion
Gracilis Mid. Surface of tibia of knee joint
 Muscles of thigh (ADDUCTOR) region

All the pictures are taken from [ http://teachmeanatomy.info/ ] ..

Muscles of Posterior Compartment of the leg (SUPERFICIAL)

Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE

-Lateral head lateral

condyle of femur Plantar flexion at ankle joint
Gastrocnemius
-Medial head above medial Flexion knee joint
condyle Post. Surface of calcaneus via.
Tendocalcaneus
Tibial portion of sciatic
Powerful plantar flexor of ankle
nerve
Soleus Shaft of tibia & fibula joint; provides main propulsive
force in walking and running

Posterior surface of Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint;

Plantaris Lateral ridge of femur
calcaneus flexes knee joint
 Muscles of Posterior Compartment of the leg (SUPERFICIAL)

All the pictures are taken from [ http://teachmeanatomy.info/ ] ..

Muscles of Posterior Compartment of the leg (DEEP)

Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE

Lateral surface of lateral Flexion of leg at knee joint &

Post. Surface of shaft of tibia
Popliteus condyle of femur unlocking the joint by lateral
(above soleal line)
(intracapsular) rotation of femur on tibia

-Flexes distal phalanges of lateral

four toes;
Flexor digi. Post. Surface of shaft of Base of distal phalanx of
-plantar Flexes foot at ankle
longus tibia lateral 4 toes
joint; -Supports medial and
lateral longitudinal arches
Tibial portion of sciatic
-Flexion of big toe nerve
Flexor hallucis Post. Surface of shaft of Base of distal phalanx of big -Plantar flexion at ankle joint
longus fibula toe -Support medial longitudinal
arche

-Plantar flexion at ankle joint

Post. Surface of tibia &
Navicular tuberosity and -Invert foot at subtalar &
Tibialis post. fibula & interosseous
neighboring bones transverse tarsal joints
memb
-Support medial longitudinal arch
 Muscles of Posterior Compartment of the leg (DEEP)

All the pictures are taken from [ http://teachmeanatomy.info/ ] ..

Muscles of Anterior Compartment of the leg

Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE

Lateral surface of shaft of -Extension at ankle joint

Medial cuneiform & base of
Tibialis Ant. tibia & interosseous -Inverts foot
1st metatarsal
membrane -Holds medial long. Arch

Extensor digi. Extensor expansion of 4 -Extension of toes

longus lateral toes -Dorsi flexion at ankle joint
Deep peroneal nerve
Peroneus -Dorsi flexion at ankle joint
Ant. Surface of shaft of Base of 5th metatarsal
Tertius -Everts foot
fibula

-Dorsi flexion of ankle

Extensor Base of distal phalanx of big
-Extends big toe
hallucis long. toe
-Inverts foot
 Muscles of Anterior Compartment of the leg

All the pictures are taken from [ http://teachmeanatomy.info/ ] ..

 Muscles of Lateral Compartment of the leg

Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE

-Plantar flexion
Medial cuneiform & base of -Everts foot
Peroneus Long.
1st metatarsal -Support lateral long. &
Lateral surface of shaft of Transverse arches
Superficial peroneal nerve
fibula
-Plantar flexion
Peroneus
Base of 5th metatarsal -Everts foot
Brevis
-Support lateral long arch
 Muscles of Lateral Compartment of the leg

(Peroneus Longus)

(Peroneus Brevis)

All the pictures are taken from [ http://teachmeanatomy.info/ ] ..

 Continuation of the Tendons of Leg Muscles

(Peroneus Longus)

(Peroneus Brevis)

All the pictures are taken from [ http://teachmeanatomy.info/ ] ..

 Muscles of Foot Posterior Compartment

1st layer:
1. Abductor hallucis,
2. Flexor digitorum brevis,
3. Abductor digiti minimi
2nd layer:
1. Quadratus plantae
2. Lumbricals
3. Flexor digitorum longus tendon
4. Flexor hallucis longus tendon

3rd layer:
1. Flexor hallucis brevis
2. Adductor hallucis
3. Flexor digiti minimi brevis

4th layer:
1. Interossei, (3 plantar + 4 dorsal)
2. Peroneus longus tendon,
3. Tibialis posterior tendon

All the pictures are taken from [ http://teachmeanatomy.info/ ] ..

Muscles of Foot Dorsal Aspect

Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE BLOOD SUPPLY

Anterior Part of upper

By four tendons into the
Extensor surface of the
proximal phalanx of big Deep & superficial
Digitorum calcaneus and from Extension of toes Dorsalis Pedis
toe and second, third, peroneal nerve
Brevis inferior extensor
and fourth toes
retinaculum
 Done by:
Noha AlGwaiz & Tariq AlHassan