OUTDOOR ADVENTURE
1. Discuss the characteristics of an effective outdoor Adventure leader and report in plenary.
2. Research and brainstorm on leadership styles applicable during an outdoor group's activity
Autocratic /dictatorship leadership style.
Coaching/ Democratic leadership style.
Delegating /Laissez Faire leadership style and the characteristics of a leader.
3. Discuss the leader and participant's responsibilities during an outdoor Adventure.
4. Discuss the principle of 'Leave No Trace' during an Outdoor Adventure activity and share in plenary.
5. Discuss the risks and safety factors to consider when selecting a site and those that may affect individual
participants.
6. Research and discuss tracking signs that are applicable during an Outdoor Adventure activity.
7. Research, discuss or invites a resource person (scouts /rangers) to demonstrates the tying of the following
knots:
Figure 8 knot
Overhand loop knot
Reef knot
Sheet bend knot
Clove hitch knot
8. Research, discuss and demonstrate the cultural food preservation methods from the local community.
9. Discuss and organise two-day Outdoor Adventure activity using managerial skills such as:
planning,
communication,
problem solving
organising,
delegating and decision making, to organize a two-day Outdoor Adventure activity
10. Prepare and micro-teach an online lesson using the grade five design.
Definition Terms:
Leader- The person with the highest amount of influence on a group at a group at a given time.
Outdoor leader- A person set in charge of an outdoor adventure.
Outdoor education/adventure education/outdoor pursuit- education about the outdoors and nature
that takes place in an outdoor environment.
Characteristics of an effective outdoor adventure leader:
Good in decision-making skills
Patient and able to cope with pressure
Good administration and organizational skills
Good in public relationship skills
Skilled in more outdoor activities
Able to cope with the physical demands of the job
Ability to speak different languages is an added advantage
Must be well disciplined.
Should have effective communication skills.
Must be quick in thinking.
Readily inspires others.
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A committed person.
Good in time keeping.
Has integrity.
Creative.
Responsibilities of an outdoor leader:
Ensuring safety of the members.
Holding group members accountable.
Sharing work among group members.
Helping in resolving conflict.
Peer counselor.
Advising team members.
Responsibilities of other members.
Cooking.
Pitching the tents.
Washing utensils.
Laying tracks.
Protection of the environment the principle of 'Leave No Trace' during an Outdoor Adventure activity
Plan ahead and prepare
Travel and camp on durable surfaces.
Dispose of waste properly.
Leave what you find.
Minimize campfire impacts (be careful with fire).
Respect wildlife.
Be considerate of other visitors.
1. Plan ahead and Prepare
Planning ahead includes doing research about your destination and packing appropriately.
Know the regulations and special concerns for the area you'll visit.
Prepare for extreme weather, hazards and emergencies.
Schedule your trip to avoid times of high use.
Visit in small groups when possible. Consider splitting larger groups into smaller groups.
Repackage food to minimize waste.
Use a map and compass to eliminate the use of marking paint, rock cairns or flagging.
2. Travel and Camp on Durable Surfaces
When exploring your surroundings and setting up your picnic or overnight camp, seek out resilient
types of terrain. Ideal durable surfaces include established trails and campsites, rock, gravel, dry
grasses or snow.
In popular areas, front country or backcountry:
Concentrate use on existing trails and campsites.
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Camp at least 200 feet from lakes and streams.
Keep campsites small. Focus activity in areas where vegetation is absent.
Walk single file in the middle of the trail, even when it's wet or muddy.
In pristine areas:
Disperse use to prevent the creation of campsites and trails.
Avoid places where impacts are just beginning.
3. Dispose of Waste Properly
This principle applies to everything from litter to human waste to rinse water.
Pack it in, pack it out. Inspect your campsite and rest areas for trash or spilled foods. Pack out all
trash, leftover food and litter. Always leave a place cleaner than you found it.
Deposit solid human waste in cat-holes dug 6 to 8 inches deep, at least 200 feet from water,
camp and trails. Cover and disguise the cat-hole when finished.
Pack out toilet paper and hygiene products.
To wash yourself or your dishes, carry water 200 feet away from streams or lakes and use small
amounts of biodegradable soap. Scatter strained dishwater.
4. Minimize Campfire Impacts
While campfires are a timeless camping ritual, they can also be one of the most destructive ones.
Far better choices include a lightweight stove for cooking and a candle lantern for light.
Stargazing is an excellent alternative, and is best enjoyed when your campsite is in total
darkness.
Where fires are permitted, use established fire rings, fire pans or mound fires.
Keep fires small. Use only sticks from the ground that can be broken by hand.
Burn all wood and coals to ash, put out campfires completely, then scatter cool ashes.
Don't bring firewood from home, which could introduce new pests and diseases. Buy it from a
local source or gather it responsibly where allowed.
5. Leave What You Find
The adage “take only pictures, leave only footprints” still holds, although leaving fewer
footprints is even better.
Preserve the past: Examine, but do not touch, cultural or historic structures and artifacts.
Leave rocks, plants and other natural objects as you find them.
Avoid introducing or transporting non-native species.
Do not build structures, furniture or dig trenches.
6. Respect Wildlife
Don’t approach animals. Both you and the wildlife will enjoy encounters more if you master the
zoom lens on your camera and pack along a pair of binoculars.
Observe wildlife from a distance. Do not follow or approach them.
Never feed animals. Feeding wildlife damages their health, alters natural behaviors, and exposes
them to predators and other dangers.
Protect wildlife and your food by storing rations and trash securely.
Control pets at all times, or leave them at home.
Avoid wildlife during sensitive times: mating, nesting, raising young or winter.
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7. Be Considerate of Other Visitors
“Treat others the way you would like to be treated” is a rule that applies in the outdoors, too.
Respect other visitors and protect the quality of their experience.
Be courteous. Yield to other users on the trail.
Step to the downhill side of the trail when encountering pack stock, such as horses and mules.
Take breaks and camp away from trails and other visitors.
Let nature's sounds prevail. Avoid loud voices and noises.
Manage your pet.
Factors to consider when selecting a camping site:
Accessibility for learners with varied needs.
Services and amenities (toilets, water etc.).
Security.
Weather (rainy or sunny season).
Mode of transport.
Risks and safety factors to consider that may affect individual participants.
Health measures before taking off:
Pack boiled water.
Clean food packaging.
Wash hands as they pack the food.
Clean the raw food such as fruits before packaging.
Dispose off waste appropriately.
Health measures during an outdoor activity:
Store the food in a clean and dry place.
Cover drinking water all the time.
Ensure that food is well cooked, especially meat.
Do not congest or overcrowd.
Sleep in a well-ventilated place.
Wash hands all the time especially when handling and eating food.
Ensure the wash rooms are kept clean.
Safety measures to observe before taking off:
All people taking part in the activity should be in good health conditions.
Have a well-equipped First Aid kit.
Take the learners through basic First Aid and fire drill.
Write a letter to inform the head teacher and the security team.
Inform the parents and guardians to get consent.
The lead person should be a good first aider.
Have a programme ready for the activity.
Inspect the area to go to in advance.
Safety measures during an outdoor activity:
Do not move away from the team without the permission from the team leader
Avoid areas of natural hazards.
Do not wander alone to avoid getting lost.
Devise coded language to alert for danger.
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Adjust the programme when adverse weather is noted.
On arrival, acclimatize the learners to the surrounding.
Have a fire rally point (assembly point).
Arrive early to avoid inconveniences.
Always observe discipline.
Tracking signs:
Cultural methods of food preservation:
●Drying
● Canning.
● Heating.
● Boiling.
● Bottling.
● Salting.
● Smoking.
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● Fermentation.
● Sugaring.
● Freezing.
1 2 3
4. 5
1. sheet bend knot
2. reef knot
3 overhand loop knot
4. figure 8 knot
5. clove hitch knot
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