雅思阅读同义替换

（剑 4-16）
剑 16 .......................................................................................................................................................... 3
Cambridge 16 TEST 1 ............................................................................................................................ 3
Cambridge 16 TEST 2 ............................................................................................................................ 4
Cambridge 16 TEST 3 ............................................................................................................................ 5
Cambridge 16 TEST 4 ............................................................................................................................ 6
剑 15 .......................................................................................................................................................... 7
Cambridge 15 TEST 1 ............................................................................................................................ 7
Cambridge 15 TEST 2 ............................................................................................................................ 8
Cambridge 15 TEST 3 ............................................................................................................................ 9
Cambridge 15 TEST 4 .......................................................................................................................... 10
剑 14 ........................................................................................................................................................11
Cambridge 14 TEST 1 .......................................................................................................................... 11
Cambridge 14 TEST 2 .......................................................................................................................... 13
Cambridge 14 TEST 3 .......................................................................................................................... 14
Cambridge 14 TEST 4 .......................................................................................................................... 16
剑 13 .......................................................................................................................................................18
Cambridge 13 TEST 1 .......................................................................................................................... 18
Cambridge 13 TEST 2 .......................................................................................................................... 20
Cambridge 13 TEST 3 .......................................................................................................................... 22
Cambridge 13 TEST 4 .......................................................................................................................... 24
剑 12 .......................................................................................................................................................25
剑 11 .......................................................................................................................................................30
Cambridge 11 TEST 1 .......................................................................................................................... 30
Cambridge 11 TEST 2 .......................................................................................................................... 31
Cambridge 11 TEST 3 .......................................................................................................................... 33
Cambridge 11 TEST 4 .......................................................................................................................... 34
剑 10 ........................................................................................................................................................35
Cambridge 10 TEST 1 .......................................................................................................................... 35
Cambridge 10 TEST 2 .......................................................................................................................... 37
Cambridge 10 TEST 3 .......................................................................................................................... 38
Cambridge 10 TEST 4 .......................................................................................................................... 39
剑 9 .......................................................................................................................................................... 40
Cambridge 9 TEST 1 ............................................................................................................................ 40
Cambridge 9 TEST 2 ............................................................................................................................ 42
Cambridge 9 TEST 3 ............................................................................................................................ 43
Cambridge 9 TEST 4 ............................................................................................................................ 44
Cambridge 9 其他 ................................................................................................................................ 45
剑 8 .......................................................................................................................................................... 46
Cambridge 8 TEST 1 ............................................................................................................................ 46
Cambridge 8 TEST 2 ............................................................................................................................ 49
Cambridge 8 TEST 3 ............................................................................................................................ 51
Cambridge 8 TEST 4 ............................................................................................................................ 53

1
剑 7 .......................................................................................................................................................... 55
Cambridge 7 TEST 1 ............................................................................................................................ 55
Cambridge 7 TEST 2 ............................................................................................................................ 57
Cambridge 7 TEST 3 ............................................................................................................................ 58
Cambridge 7 TEST 4 ............................................................................................................................ 60
剑 6 .......................................................................................................................................................... 62
Cambridge 6 TEST 1 ............................................................................................................................ 62
Cambridge 6 TEST 2 ............................................................................................................................ 64
Cambridge 6 TEST 3 ............................................................................................................................ 66
剑 5 .......................................................................................................................................................... 68
Cambridge 5 TEST 1 ............................................................................................................................ 68
Cambridge 5 TEST 2 ............................................................................................................................ 71
Cambridge 5 TEST 4 ............................................................................................................................ 76
剑 4 .......................................................................................................................................................... 78
Cambridge 4 TEST 1 ............................................................................................................................ 78
Cambridge 4 TEST 2 ............................................................................................................................ 79
Cambridge 4 TEST 3 ............................................................................................................................ 82
Cambridge 4 TEST 4 ............................................................................................................................ 85

2
剑 16
Cambridge 16 TEST 1

1. 遭受、经历：suffer from = experience

2. 控制、降低...的水平： control = reduce levels of

3. 没有食物、禁食：without food = fasting

4. 生存、存活：survive = keep...alive

5. 不聪明、愚蠢：unintelligent = stupid

6. 认为、被视为：think of = be perceived as

7. 撞倒、用力移动：knock down = dislodge

8. 展示、演示：display = demonstrate

9. 少量：a small number of = few

10. 模仿：follow = copy

11. 从前的：ancient = past

12. 住处：living quarter = accommodation

13. 环绕：ring = encircle

14. 取决于: dependent on = rely on

15. 介绍，推荐: recommendation = instruction

16. 直觉: instinct = intuition

17. 有信心的，信赖的: confident=trustworthy

18. 工作，就业: employment = job=work

19. 失业: unemployment= jobless

3
20. 结果，后果: consequence = result

21. 使打消念头，制止: deterred = discouraged

Cambridge 16 TEST 2

1. 大多数：the vast majority =most

2. 消失；再也看不见：disappear=no longer visible

3. 改变：change=alter

4. 随着时间的推移；数百年来 over time=over hundreds of years

5. 道路：track=road

6. 新石器时代的；古代的：Neolithic=ancient

7. 提及：mention=reference to

8. 表明：mark=indicate

9. 居民的土地；土地所有权：the land of the inhabitants=land ownership

10. 比...活得更长：outlive = exist for longer than

11. 产生，带来：bring = lead to

12. 疾病：disease = illness

13. 共生的：symbiotic = partnership

14. 抑制：halt = reduce

15. 饮食，养分：diet = nutrition

16. 强迫的：obsession = excessive focus

17. 干净，卫生：hygiene = cleanliness

18.暴露，接触：exposure = come into contact with

4
19. 智慧，明智: wisdom = the ability to reason wisely = the ability to make wise

decisions

20. 限度，范围: limit = extent

21. 谦虚，谦逊: humility = modesty

22. 理解，体谅: appreciation = take into account

23. 观点，看法: perspective = opinion

24. 可能，可能性: possibility = likelihood

25. 改变，变化: change = alteration

26. 公平，公正: justice = impartiality = fairness

Cambridge 16 TEST 3

1. 技能、技巧：techniques = skills

2. 传承：was inherited = learned from = passed on

3. 在...之前：first, ... preceding with = before

4. 控制、主导：had control over something = dominated its use

5. 军队：Roman citizens enrolled in the military = Roman army

6. 快速的：speedy = moved quickly

7. 攻击和毁坏：to pierce or break = attacking and damaging

8. 宽的：broad = wider

9. 同时：keep the time with this = at the same time

10.举例：e.g. = such as

11.拉到岸边：drag them to the quay = pulled to the shore

5
12. 遗留、丢弃：leave behind = discard

13. 远征、调查：expedition = research

14. 争分夺秒工作：work quickly = race the clock

15. 保护…免受：have protection against ... = be protected from ...

16. 聚集、集合：gather = congregate

17. 免受伤害：avoid being attacked by … = escape …

18. 受益于某物、某物对…有好处：benefit from sth. = sth. is good for ...

19. 增长的需求：an increased demand = a booming demand

20. 依靠、依赖：rely on ... = depend on

21. 产出：production = yields

22. 传统说法：well-known rhyme = traditional saying

23. 提早、提前：early = in advance

24. 潮湿的：rain-soaked = wet

Cambridge 16 TEST 4

1. 引导（隧道）路线：direct tunneling = keep to its routine

2. 供人使用：for human use = bused by local people

3. 木、石制的盖子：wooden or stone lid = lid made of wood or stone

4. 错过：miss = fail to meet

5. 隐藏效果、潜移默化：a hidden effect = be subtly changing

6. 破坏、减少、失去：disrupt = diminish = lost

7. 调整、适应：adjust = adapt to something

6
8. 令人烦恼的：troubling = worrying

9. 改正、纠正：rectify = redress

10. 对某物感到熟悉: have previous experience = familiarity with

11. 获得消费者满意度: gain consumer approval = people feel more satisfied

12. 产生不利影响: have a negative effect= place sb./ sth. at a disadvantage

13. 不信任: mistrust = disbelief = suspicion

14. 预测: predict = forecast = projections

15. 理解: comprehend = understand

剑 15
Cambridge 15 TEST 1

1. 包住、环绕: be encased = surrounds

2. 分成、裂开: splits into = breaks open

3. 贸易公司、商业机构: trading corporation = commercial operation = company

4. 控制、主导: dominance of = took control of = had a monopoly over

5. 治愈、有效: held the cure = effective against

6. 限制、集中: concentrated into = restricted to

7. 种植、生长: be grown = being cultivated

8. 走私、偷运: smuggled = be secretly taken to

9. 消灭、毁灭: wiped out = were destroyed by

10. 停车: park = not in use

11. 克服困难: overcome a number of problems = be conquered

7
12. 倡议、提议: schemes = initiatives

13. 两倍: double = twice

14. 成为多余：are no longer essential = become redundant

15. 探听的天性: questing nature = an intrinsic element of being human

16. 调查人们的情绪状态: to investigate people's emotional states = to suggest

the desires and fears of his characters

17. 倾向于反应自己研究领域: tends to reflect the field of endeavour of each

pioneer = relate exploration to their own professional interests

18. 公众：many of us = general public

19. 使用的交通工具: form of transport used = by camel when I could have gone

by car be

20. 许多：a great many = a large number of

Cambridge 15 TEST 2

1. 目标：objective = aim 目标

2. 不可预测的：unforeseen = unexpected/unpredictable

3. 心理障碍：psychological difficulty = psychological barrier

4. 分开：separate = divide

5. 使它困难/降低基于：make it difficult = decrease opportunities

6. 生物消失/灭绝：disappearance = extinction

7. 复制/克隆：reproducing = cloning

8. 灭绝/终结：become extinct = come to an end

8
9. 识别：identify = pinpoint

10. 减少：minimise = reduce

11. 减少：decrease = mitigate

12. 专注：concentrate on = focus on

13. 不足：insufficient = not enough

14. 在社交场合：in a group setting = in a social situation

15. 相似的/一致的：similar = consistent

16. 转换角色/轮流：exchange roles = take a turn

17. 幽默的：amusing = humourous

18. 乏味的：boring = tedious

19. 缓解压力：reduce anxiety = relieve stress

20. 振奋人心的：stimulating = energising

Cambridge 15 TEST 3

1. 遵守、服从: complies with=to stand by

2. 被任命、委派: be appointed=be assigned

3. 发现、发觉: discover=become aware of

4. 着迷、感兴趣: became fascinated with=attracted a lot of interest

5. 离职、放弃工作: resign from=give up the position

6. 缺少、未获得: a shortage of=are not readily available

7. 草图、简笔画: sketches=a type of simple drawing

8. 给佣金、被雇用: offered a commission=be employed

9
9. 使能够、使有可能: enable=make it possible

10. 最初的想法：basic idea = initial inspiration

11. 不同来源：different places = a range of sources

12. 筹集资金: finance = raise…in funding

13. 净水: distilled water = purified water

14. 需要: require…= provide… when necessary

15. useful lessons for life = reason for their survival

16. 事实依据 various theories = factual basis

17. 警告: cautionary messages = warning

18. 不重要的: trivial = unimportant

19. 可怕的: gruesome = scary

20. 不相信: be unconvinced by = don't believe

Cambridge 15 TEST 4

1. 汲取:access=suck up

2. 2.重要的: be key to = a crucial part of

3. 3.居住人 :inhabitant= people

4. 4.过去的: a long time ago = ancient

5. 5.生存: survive = withstand

6. 6.药品: medicine = remedy

7. 7.建造:construction=build houses

8. 8.一个很大的区域:a very large area=this huge expanse

10
9.学习:learn=be taught

10.调整、改变: adjust = change

11.每天、日常: everyday = daily life

12.简短的、短暂的: brief = short

13.快速的: quickly = rapid

14.必要的: essential= vital

15.交流:relay= communication

16.面临...威胁: under threat = be threatened with

17.管制、控制: regulation = control

18.过度捕鱼: overfishing = an unmanaged fishery without quotas

19.好的:good=sound

20.准备、接受: be prepared to = accept the necessity for

21.道德准则: moral standards = moral principles

剑 14
Cambridge 14 TEST 1

1. develop -take her first steps towards

2. turn-taking-take turns

3. changing times-grow

4. risk- fear

5. greater- increase

6. lack-difficult to find

11
7. base on-support

8. in the long run- later on

9. information-clues

10. medical problem- neuro development disorders like autism

11. have problems thinking up ideas-didn’t know

12. importance-significant

13. reject-turn down

14. financially not benefit- unable to profit

15.cost only 10%- saving

16. become environmentally friendly-change in people’s attitudes

17. cycle-friendly -welcome cyclist

18. benefit-need additional transport to reach their final destination

19. environment-air pollution

20.hand out-distribute

21. as quickly as -as soon as

22.took away- remove

23. compromised employee morale-poor morale

24.reducing-lower

25. employee- staff

26. feel should not leave - more obligated to stay

27. cooperation - together

12
28. compromised- poor

29. negatively- dislike

30. take breaks - not working day

31. favourable impact- improved

Cambridge 14 TEST 2

1.wanted - please

2.early- first 20 years

3. young-childhood

4. scenery- landscape

5. commission- work for

6. last work- retired

7.time- consuming- weight

8.souvenirs- gifts

9. construction- railway

10. the prosperous - the rich - some people

11. steered clear - avoided

12.prestige - status

13.comparison- similar to

14.circulation of air - ventilation

15.advertising -market

16.would not have harmed - would have kept safe

13
17.energy use -energy cost

18. reduce - at a fraction of the energy cost

19.major reason - driven by

20. protection - protect

21. known as - refer to as-

22.popularity- epidemics

23.ought to - was told

24. countless - numerous

25.more - not enough

26. appeal to - delight of

27.demographics - many people

28.innovation- innovating

29.impossible - would never reached

30. approach - way

31. workshops - training sessions

Cambridge 14 TEST 3

1. assumption about intelligence=implicit theories of their children ‘s language

development

2. behavior towards others=at what ages they will be willing to make various

corrections in their children’s speech

3. lack of clarity=no one knows for certain what it actually

14
4. different=little correspondence

5. universal=different

6. without fully understanding=not-well-understood

7. same possibilities=equal opportunities

8. preferential treatment=favoring one group over another

9. gain benefits on the basis of what they actually achieve=people are rewarded

for what they accomplish

10. begins at birth=are born with

11. in positions of power=elite

12. same=equal

13. abilities=competencies

14. uncontrolled lives=chaos

15. renewed=once again

16. recent technological advances=snip out the stretches of the insect’s DNA…

17. examples of animals=primates/chimpanzee

18. challenging=daunting

19. benefit wildlife=conservation

20. fell out of favour=moves its focus away

21. huge number=many

22. variety of substances=poison/antimicrobial compounds

23. expertise=knowledge

15
24. subdue=overpower

25. keep it fresh=preserve

26. protect…from=deal with

27. development=serve as or inspire

28. categories=types

29. affect=vary

30. best=optimal

31. more significant than=the most important

32. scale=continuum

33. need toys=no real toys

34. mistake=false

35. dichotomy=separate

36. agree on=full consensus…elude…

37. differ=unlike

38. target=motivated/oriented

39. investigate=exploration

40. be based on=stem from

41. real=true

42. with adults=guided

Cambridge 14 TEST 4

1. age groups=age ranges

16
2. a total of _______空格预测为数字

3. looked after=took care of

4. using scent trail=follow the telltale scent

5. locate=make a trail to

6. effect that light had on=all responded to light

7. areas=region

8. meet=come together

9. two chemicals=serotonin or dopamine

10. associated with=coincide with

11. remain active for almost their whole lives=stay fit for nearly their entire lives

12. first person to study<>previous studies

13. behave as he had predicted<>expected to become……but

14. tend to live longer lives/in the wild…much harsher than the comforts of the

lab

15. quickly=sudden

16. die out=become extinct

17. preferable to study=less risk/fewer variables

18. two ways of learning about animals=television documentaries/specimens in

museums

19. why …healthier=varied and high quality diet/illnesses be treated

20. live longer=greater life expectancy

17
21. no longer be found in the wild=only exist in captivity

22. excelled at<>lacking

23. transmit information=communicate information

24. release into the wild=been reintroduced from zoos

25. increase public awareness of environmental issues=more environmentally

conscious

26. oversea=abroad

27. teach=educate

28. first people to research<>plenty of studies

29. different kinds of danger=366 perceived threats

30. most …badly designed<>83 percent were proven true31. have

proved=nobody tested

32. bits of=pieces of

33. harmful=severely injuring

34.tiny=micro

35. focus on=look at

36. entire=whole

37 . a reduction in numbers=deaths in one species

剑 13
Cambridge 13 TEST 1

1. Information/details

18
2. Regularly/ on a regular basis

3. Impact on/ effect on

4. Different/ varied

5. Depend on/ according to

6. Selected places/ suggested routes

7. Local/ in the area

8. Send/ submit

9. Aim to/ set up to

10. Travel companies/ travel organizations

11. Not sorely/ not only/ not just

12. Like to/ enjoy

13. Undertake/ involved in/ take part in/ participate in

14. Local culture/ traditional Maori life

15. Once in a lifetime visit/ unlikely to return

16. Difficult/ problems

17. Study in the lab/ Scientific approach

18. Types/ classification/ categories

19. Productive outcomes/ being bored makes us more creative

20. Cure/ treat

21. Traits/ characteristics22. Today/ modern

23. Cannot/ inable

19
24. Suffer badly/ have problems in coping with

25. High threshold/ not easy to do sth

26. Undermine/ take away

27. Standard/ criteria

28. Compared to/ measure to

29. Create/ generate/ produce/ make

30. Indistinguishable from that of human/ Fool experts into thinking

31. Criticize/ condemn/ blast

32. Vague/not revealing the detail

33. Rely completely on/ entirely dependent on

34. Angry/ outraged

35. Without knowing/ not told beforehand

36. Help explain/ provide a clue

Cambridge 13 TEST 2

1. Added to/mix with

2. Show/indicate

3. Between people/among lovers and friends

4. Sweet smell/pleasant scent

5. Indication/sign/token/implication

6. Treatment/cure7. Health problems/ailments

8. Use/via/with/through

20
9. Arrive at/reach

10. Control over/monopoly

11. Take over/break the monopoly

12. Plant/cultivate

13. Maintain economic importance/diminish in economic potentical(矛盾)

14. Benefit effects/make people more trusting…

15. Complex/perplexing

16. A period/8 years

17. Little scientific attention/lonesome field

18. Ignore/take no notice of

19. Data/findings/results

20. More trusting/more charitable

21. Jealousy/envy

22. Vary from one type of person to another/depending on one’s disposition

23. Release/produce

24. Participant/volunteer

25. Lack of willingness to /less cooperative/reluctant to/reject

26. Spot/identify/recognize

27. The day/the moment

28. Fail to recognize/unaware of

29. Significant/profound/important

21
30. Did not modify/has not abandoned

31. Core business activities/traditional retail offerings32. Appear to have/at first

glance

33. Few obvious benefits/hardly worthwhil

34. Unhealthy lifestyles/lack of exercise and obesity

35. Counteract/turn the notion

36. Harmful effects to its own advantage/the widely perceived negative impacts

of

digital devices

37. Collaborate with/team up with

38. Another manufacturer/apple company

39. Social responsibility/commitment to protecting the environment

40. Positive attitude/eager to lift themselves

41. Difficult circumstances/tough times

42. Unrelated/irrelevant

43. Avoid charging less/avert a price cut

44. Most appropriate to use/which of our three strategies to pursue

45. Negative/undesired

46. Lack of connection/disparity

Cambridge 13 TEST 3

1. Making/construction

22
2. A source of/ a type of

3. Halved/broken in half

4. Need shade/fully exposed to tropical sun(矛盾)

5. Move/transport

6. All are cultivated/no relatives growing in the wild

7. Individual attention/one-on-one8. Effort to create speech/try to talk back

9. Two parents/mom and dad

10. Amount/how much

11. Talk/vocalise

12. Use/equip with

13. Together with/and

14. Tend not to modify/didn’t raise their…

15. Known as/called

16. Expand/wider

17. Much larger/boosted

18. Before the end of their first year/seven and eleven and half months

19. Before birth/10 weeks before being born

20. Preference/like

21. Proposed explanations/some claim that ..or..yet others that

22. Another culture/egyptian

23. Same period/ at a time when

23
24. Urban/cities

25. Errors/inaccuracy

26. Collect/gather

27. Look at/analyse

28. Object/pottery

29. Find further information/obtain more data

30. Vital/essential

31. Examine previous patterns/learn from the past

32. Rough calculation/estimate33. A period/200 years

34. Lack/little

Cambridge 13 TEST 4

1. Intend to/buit to

2. Passenger ships/transport goods

3. Favour/put him in a strong position

4. Fastest/more quicker than any

5. Put at risk/bring dangerously to

6. Carry/transport

7. Most successful time/most successful period

8. Skilled/excellent

9. Damaged by/suffer from

10. Decomposing plants/plant remains

24
11. Store/hold/lock in

12. Tend not to return/may not be put back

13. Cause damage to environment/release polluting oxide into the atmosphere

14. More aware of/easily understood

15. One person/Floris

16. Different ways/field surveys, lab analyse…

17. Provide a view/need an accurate picture

18. Ignorant/oblivious

19. Price of goods/money

20. A connection between work and psychology/the entangling of psychology

research and capitalism21. Conversation/communication

22. Improve security/unforgeable

23. Preservation/keep provisions

24. Observation/visible

25. Emotions/pleasure and displeasure

26. Supported by research/no factual basis

剑 12
1. collaborate =cooperative 合作

2. group =collective 集体的

3. buyer =purchaser 买家

4. financial stake =invest=risk sharing 出资

25
5. study =sign up for 报名

6. will become =prospective 未来的

7. intend to set fire =arson, arsonist 纵火

8. definition =articulate 清楚表述

9. physical =eye, pulse ,skin,blood 身体的

10. intense =active 强烈的

11. produce =reveal 产生，揭露

12. precise =exact=detailed 精确的

13. participant =subject 研究对象

14. release =production 释放，产生

15. substance =chemical 化学物质

16. be linked with =be associated with 与…相关

17. prior to =before，precede 在…之前

18. expectation =anticipate 期望

19. delay =refuse to give 拖延，拒绝给予

20. music composition =symphony 音乐作品

21. cause =arise from 导致，结果源于

22. structure =pattern 结构，模式

23. actual =real 真实的

24. increase =explode 激增

25. minimal =little 最少的

26
26. farm animals =livestock 家畜

27. habitat =hill 居住地，山地

28. agriculture =farming 农业

29. extend =spread 延伸，扩张

30. commercial =lucrative 获利丰厚的

31. examination =scrutiny 详细审查

32. emphasis =concentrate 重视

33. financial =remuneration= pay, bonus 报酬

34. realignment =change 重新排列

35. affect =spoil 影响，破坏

36. produce =manufacture 生产

37. aid =support 帮助，支持

38. stop =prevent 阻止，防止

39. collect =look for 搜寻

40. feeling =sense 知觉

41. share =exchange 分享，交换

42. unusual =individualism 个性

43. create =blast 创造出

44. because =thereby= therefore 因果

45. enthusiasm =be keen on 热衷于

46. understand =realize 意识到

27
47. significance =importance 重要性

48. observe =study 观察，研究

49. process =stage 过程，阶段

50. image =picture 影像，图片

51. negative consequences =difficulties 负面后果

52. superior =better 优良的

53. increase =grow exponentially 快速增加

54. were kept for =act as 用作

55. produce =were processed into 生成

56. habitat destruction =destroyed the habitat 栖息地破环

57. not native to the islands =alien 外来的

58. feed on =prey on 捕食

59. young tortoise =baby tortoise 幼年乌龟

60. conservation =protect 保护

61. bigger idea =ambitious 有野心的

62. plan =work out 计划，制定出

63. meet =come across 遇到

64. young =juvenile 青少年

65. the old =a full grown… 中老年

66. due to =thanks to 由于，因为

67. better =improvement 改善

28
68. losing their usefulness =resistant to 抵抗性

69. hot and damp =warm and damp 温热潮湿的

70. have an impact on =lead to 影响

71. growth =expansion 增长，扩张

72. illness =malaria 疾病，疟疾

73. rare =much less 罕见，很少

74. mixture =Combination=hybrid 混合

75. classify =categories 分类

76. geographically =local and global scale 地理

77. vary =discrepancy 不符

78. physical barrier =a mountain 物理障碍，高山

79. eradicate =eliminate 根除，消除

80. sharp points of tears =tips for spears 矛的尖点

81. 17 century =1623-1683 17 世纪

82. use =introduce 使用，引入

83. avoid =counter the effect 避免

84. changes =repeal 改变，废除

85. law =act 法律，法案

86. nowadays =today 当今，如今

87. international =global 国际的，全球的

88. concern for environment= green issue 关心环境

29
89. an increased demand =more popular 更受欢迎

90. less expensive =save cost 不贵

91. variation =Swing=volatility 变化

92. reduce =mitigate=alleviate 减轻

93. financial assistance =subsidy 补贴

94. help =encourage 帮助，鼓励

95. financial input =invest, subscription 投资

剑 11
Cambridge 11 TEST 1

1. demographic=population 人口

2. situated in=located in 位于

3. turn=produce 产生

4. use of=consumption of 使用量

5. be reduced=be cut 被减少

6. shortcoming=disadvantage 缺点

7. can move=not fixed

8. city=urban 城市

9. damage=destruction 破坏

10. eliminate=less likely to be affected by

11. construct=manufacture 建造

12. two=a pair of

30
13. raise=lift 提升

14. seal...off from the water=shut out the water 防水

15. turn=rotate 转动

16. remove=be taken out 去除

17. rotate=drive 使运转 18. straight=directly

19. ancient monument=Roman wall

20. under=beneath

21. deposit=place=put 放置在

22. stimulate the growth of algae=to encourage the algae to form 促进…成长

23. form=create

24. model on=base on 基于

25. volcanic explosions=natural phenomenon

26. reinforced high-tension cables=strong cables

27. reroute=change the direction of 转向

28. increase=bring more water to

29. no substitute=can not replace 无取代物

30. renewable energy=non-fossil-based fuels 新型能源

31. should not exclude thinking about=worth exploring

Cambridge 11 TEST 2

1. intact=undamaged 完整的

2. turn out to be=by chance

31
3. fade into obscurity=stop 模糊

4. initiate=launch 发射

5. decision=it was agreed that

6. via=by 通过 7. overcome=prevent 克服

8. locate=place

9. additional=extra 额外的

10. definitively proved=undisputed 无可争议的

11. wreck=damage 破坏

12. clear the forest=cut down trees 砍刀树木

13. bird=food source

14. decreased crop yield=diminishing food resources 产量下降

15. accelerate=make situation worst 情况恶化

16. require=need

17. a lot of=a large number of

18. pioneer=initiative 先锋先驱

19. Europeans=outsiders

20. feelings=emotions 情绪

21. scrutiny=work out 仔细检查

22. rewarding=satisfying

23. motif=image

24. need to be thoroughly tested=require further verification 仔细检查

32
25. their place in history=cultural context

26. accounts of... vary=doubt

27. rather than=opposing

Cambridge 11 TEST 3

1. land in=fell into

2. devise=invent 发明

3. be solely restricted to=only

4. grow=produce

5. be entitled to have clothes made of silk=were allowed to wear silk 允许

6. a unit of currency=a form of

7. indication of silk paper=evidence found of paper made from silk

8. smuggle=hide 藏匿

9. downfall=decline 下降

10. few=most…only

11. physiognomy=gesture=move

12. attempt=purpose=order=effort 试图

13. vary=define it differently 不同于

14. affected=become sensitive to blue light

15. tend to=likely 可能

16. route=linear

17. prepare=preparation

33
15. overfeeding=eat more than they need 过度喂养

19. resist distraction=ignore distraction

20. eyesight=distance vision21. winter=frozen months

22. narrow=only about 150 meters wide

23. lack of mathematical knowledge=non-scientist

24. not a typical book=differs from most books

25. help=prepare me well

26. accessible to everybody=anyone can understand

27. suitable=it is with

28. limited knowledge=common sense

29. omit=leave out 省略

30. carry out=perform 执行

Cambridge 11 TEST 4

1. invent a term=coin a term 发明术语

2. increase our knowledge=take our understanding further

3. statistical concept=mathematical method

4. apart=separate

5. parts of our bodies=organs 器官

6. show=present

7. underestimate=overlook

8. importance of film sound=contribution of sound to…film

34
9. personality=character

10. merge=similar11. banal=dull 无聊的

12. audience reflection=audience response

13. in absence=lack 缺少

14. expect=anticipate

15. compared to language, all other conventions pale in significance=most

important

16. incongruity=paradox=incompatible 不兼容 矛盾性

17. measly morsel of sound=a few sounds 一些

18. estrangement=exotic=difference 疏远

19. wonder=impressiveness

20. don’t have to be genius=universal ability 普遍的能力

21. absence of a sound=silence 沉默

22. express sth specific=meaningful

23. everything=fundamental

24. sophistication=complex 复杂的

25. simple=simplicity

26. documentation of history=recording of events

剑 10
Cambridge 10 TEST 1

1. negotiate=alter 调整

35
2. a millennium ago 千年前=ancient

3. application=function

4. gain access to ground water=water collect 收集水分

5. shelter= provide shade 庇护所

6. tourists flock=frequent visitors 大量游客

7. quick=rapid 快速的

8. due to = owing to 由于

9. candidates for=awaiting 候选人

10. new=fresh 新鲜的

11. sustainable=long-term 持续的

12. transport flows=transport trends 交通流

13. energy consumption=environmental costs

14. by 2020=by the end of this decade

15. alone=solely 仅仅

16. increase the efficiency=improve

17. price=charge 收费

18. continues to increase=growing 持续增长

19. expect=predict

20. goal=objective 目标

21. fit=match 合适 22. play it safe=avoid risk 安全地

23. take more gambles=take chances 冒险抓住机会

36
24. overbearing=dominant

25. opt out of=ignore 忽略

26. a free interchange of idea=share their ideas 思想交流

27. peer=colleague 同事

28. boss=manager 经理老板

29. much more powerful=more pervasive

Cambridge 10 TEST 2

1. a burst in population growth=an increase in population

2. conditions required=allow this to happen 条件允许

3. changes=turn to

4. afraid=fear 害怕

5. put people out of work=unemployment 失业

6. without succumbing=prevent 阻止

7. morality rate=death rate 死亡率

8. overdirect =too much guidance 过度指导

9. diminish their gifted pupil's learning autonomy =what can be lost

10. negative emotions=anxiety

11. ome educational provision=domestic background

12. deprived=socially-disadvantaged

13. make fewer errors =produce accurate work

14. independence=self-reliance 独立

37
15. a great deal =a considerable amount 大重

16. external regulation =more direction from teachers 外部指导

17. lack of=do not have 缺少

18. identify =understand=confirm 明确

19. extremely high examination results=impressive grades 惊叹的成绩

20. print out huge numbers of texts = mass production

21. the meaning of words-=underlying ideas

22. pertectly content to assign=happy to instruct 乐意指导

23. workshop apprentices= assistants 助手

24. scale=size 尺寸

25. given the confidence = be encouraged

Cambridge 10 TEST 3

1. importance=significance 重要性

2. hidden or obscured =difficulty in recognising=difficult to ascertain 难

以确认

3. largest employer =largest employment

4. figures= number 数据

5. one major difficulties problems =major most important

6. source =substance

7. discard =drop 抛弃

8. defences =against 防卫

38
9. warning =signal 警告

10. intense=abundant 丰富的

11. the reddest = the most vividly coloured red

12. paradoxical=contradict 矛盾的 13. derelict = abandoned 抛弃

14. livestock= animals 动物

15. human =remains bones

16. nagging headwinds= extreme climate conditions 极端的天气

17. the key to success= play a key role in

18. stubborn question= difficulties explaining

19. called it quits = halted their expansion 停止

20. reasons known only to them =unclear 不清楚

Cambridge 10 TEST 4

1. erratically =unpredictably 不规则 不可预测的

2. longer=extended 长的

3. allow fires to spread= mishandling 错误处理

4. infrastructure=equipment= tools 工具

5. precipitation =rainfall 降雨

6. increased construction =more building 更多的施工

7. character =personality 性格

8. determined =fixed

9. develop = acquire 获得

39
10. master = learn 掌握学习

11. a range of = a variety of 许多

12. bring more joy and passion into your life= increase their happiness

13. ignorance = do not know much 忽略

14. pay attention to = actively notice 关注

15. moral obligation = a sense of responsibility=duty 责任感

16. alter= overcome 克服

17. physical stamina =physical goals

18. reappear= re-emergence 再次出现

19. switch labs =decide to rethink academic career path

20. qualify =modify

21. fit with =correct 合适的

22. no more than one occasion =several times 几次

23. throwback= run backwards =reversible

24. unrelated= different 不同的

25. reactivate =reappear 再次出现

26. answer may lie in might= be caused by

剑9
Cambridge 9 TEST 1

1. recognise one's ability/ perceive one's talent/one's talent be perceived

2. enrol in a school/attend a school

40
3. sth that made him rich and famous/ sth bring him both fame and fortune

4. Immediately understand/instant recognition

5. refer to/ known as

6. consult/ ask advice of

7. now/ current/present/happening 8. transmission/ sending information

9. response/ reply

10. ground rules/ assumptions underlying the research

11. likelihood/ it seems/ perhaps, guess, estimate

12. life expectancy/ the lifetime of

13. most powerful/ the largest/ the biggest/ the best/ the greatest

14. resemble/ pretty well like/ be similar to/ same as

15. promptly/ immediately/instantly

16. migrant/ migrate/ migration

17. before/ in advance/ prior/ previously/ former

18. make big changes/ redesign/modification/alteration

19. lack/ never/no/not/in need of/want

20. incomplete fossilised remains/ only fragments are found

21. determine/ decide

22. obtain/ acquire/ earn / gain / get/ procure/ receive / secure

23. dense/ tight/thick/heavy

24. indicate/ demonstrate / disclose / display / exhibit/ express/ hint/ imply/

41
point out/ present/ reveal/ show /signify/suggest

Cambridge 9 TEST 2

1. Initiative/initiate/ launch/ pioneer/ introduce/ develop

2. National policy/ New Zealand strategy

3. Global/international

4. Team effort/ institutional working party

5. Hypothesis/guess/ speculation/ possibility/theory/potential

6. Suitable/appropriate

7. Worldwide regulations/ international standard

8. Medical conditions/ illness/ disease

9. Place…at risk/ leave…vulnerable

10. Auditory problems/hearing loss

11. Study/carry out research

12. Machinery noise/ noise generated by machine

13. Child which have not been diagnosed/ undiagnosed children

14. Current teaching method/ modern teaching practices

15. Cooling systems/ air-conditioning/mechanical means of ventilation

16. Different/distinct/varied/reverse

17. Prevent/keep from/inhibit/stop/thwart

18. Potential/future/be expected to be/possible/likely

19. Fail to do/never/not/unable to do

42
20. Calculate/determine the value

21. Be worked out/be calculated

22. Realise/recognise/show/see/understand

23. Witness/view/see/observe

24. Distorted/look smeared/not circular

Cambridge 9 TEST 3

1. Competitive/competitors/competition

2. Achievement/success

3. Because/thus/It is… that 强调句型/so

4. Rely on previous events/draw on past experience 2

5. A result of/ a product of

6. Pitfalls/ traps/snares

7. Exposure to …/bombard…with

8. Receptive/receive/embrace/accept/agree

9. Novelty/new experience

10. Fear/phobia

11. Embarrassment/ridicule

12. Psychological illness/mental disorder

13. Decide/decision

14. Scientific/science/technology/technological

15. Argue/argument/debate/debatable/discuss/dispute/disputable

43
16. Understandable/understand/reasonable

17. Be affected by/influence 18. Still exist/be still with us

19. Stop/halt/prevent/end

20. Pointless/not/no point of

21. Misrepresented/paint unreal pictures

22. The custom of speaking/ popular speech

23. Grammatical rules/ rules of grammar

24. Alternative/choice/way/replacement

Cambridge 9 TEST 4

1. Back into Britain/ re-import into Britain

2. Reliable/predictable

3. Cut down/reduce

4. Increase income/export earner

5. Power station/power plant

6. In the vicinity of/around/nearby

7. Extraction of seaweed/clean seaweed

8. Result from/cause9. In danger/at risk

10. Comparatively/relatively 3

11. Explanation/explain/reason

12.Transmission of information/information pass on/information send

back/transmit

44
13. Unnecessary/redundant/superfluous

14. Incident/event

15. Initially/originally

16. Be about to stop working/on the brink of failing

17. Be used to/by means of

18. Send messages over distances/transmit information from place to place

19. Signal strength/ strength of the signal

20. From her childhood/when she was a child

21. Her children were born/birth of her two daughters

22. Marie took over the teaching position/she was appointed to the

professorship

23. Have the same property/…is true for …

24. Receive recognition/be awarded

Cambridge 9 其他

1. Collect/accumulate

2. Both…and/not only…but also

3. Stock sth./ a stock of sth.

4. Be exposed to/ by exposure to

5. Imitation/imitate/mimic

6. Be contingent on/ depend on

7. Mastery/power

45
8. The aspects of self-awareness is difficult to research directly/Empirical

investigation of the self-as-subject are rather scarce

9. …is link to …/the link between…and…

10. Primarily intend for the public/for the ordinary visitor

11. Personal involvement/themselves can act as if part of the historical

environment

12. … and … are less easy to distinguish than before/ the sharp distinction is

gradually evaporating

13. Balance the conflicting priorities/ steer a narrow course between the demand

of …

14. Reveal/present/presentation

15. Durable objects/ transitory nature of the materials(反义词)

16. Consumer/market force

17. Give false impression/ bias in the representation 18. Current trend/majority of

the public

剑8
Cambridge 8 TEST 1

1. agree=concur=go along with=fall in with=go with v.同意

2. sceptic and advocate=different attitude 不同的看法

3. significance=impressive=meaning=sense n.重要性

4. meditation: the practice of emptying your mind of thoughts and feelings, in

46
order to relaxcompletely or for religious reasons n.冥想，沉思

5. parapsychology: the scientific study of mysterious abilities that some people

claim to have, such as knowing what will happen in the future n.通灵学

6. environment=condition=light, sound ，warmth=situation=circumstance n.环

7. alter=change=revise=make changes v. 改变

8. trial=experiment=test n.实验

9. success rate=achievement=progress=breakthrough=accomplishment n.成就

10. pick out=identify=recognize=know=tell v.认出，识别

11. limit=minimize=maximum=the most=ceiling=cut-off point v.限制

12. different=individual=not like=vary=not the same=contrast with=diverse adj.

独特的

13. invention=device=creation=innovation n.发明，装置

14. cold temperature=freezing weather=chilly=frosty=wintry=cold snap adj.寒冷

15. farming=agriculture n.农业

16. simultaneous=at the same time=together=at once=at one time adj.同时的

17. uniform=equal=homogeneous adj.均衡的

18.devise=formulate=invent=create=make up=conceive=coin v.创 造

19. civil=municipal=metropolitan adj.城市的

20. divide=split=separate=break up=break down=take apart=take something to

47
piece v. 分开

21.new=revolutionary=original=innovation=fresh=novel=be in its infancy adj.新

的，革命的

22. create=introduce=invent=make sth. do sth.=be the cause=lead to sth. v..发

23.organize=co-ordinate=arrange=set out=put something in order=line up v.组

织，使协调

24. public event=communal activity 公众、社交活动

25. aviation disaster=sky accident=air crash 空难

26. prompt=result in=lead to=make somebody do something=cause somebody

to do something=lead somebody to do something=motivate=induce somebody

to do something v. 导致

27. resemble=like=similar=alike=much the same=comparable v.类似

28. oversimplify=incomplete=simplistic=generalize=see things in black and

white adj. 过于简化的，不完整的

29. altitude=from…meters above the ground=height=how high=level n.高度

30. zone=airspace=region=area=district=quarter=block=suburb n.区域

31. weather=meteorological=climate=condition n.气候

32. categorize=class / type=sort=classify=be grouped=grade v.分类

33. create=establish=invent=start up=open=set up=found=inception v.创建

34. beacon and flashing=light=beam n.灯光

48
35. improve=develop=evolve=get better=catch up=pick up=things are looking

up v.发展，进 化

36. aircraft=plane=by air n.飞机

37. average-sized=medium-sized adj. 中等的

38.city=metropolitan=urban=town=village=civic=municipal=downtow n.城市

39. pendulum : a long metal stick with a weight at the bottom that swings

regularly from side to side to control the working of a clock n.钟摆

40. coincidental : happening completely by chance without being planned adj.巧

合的

41. disobey : to refuse to do what someone with authority tells you to do, or

refuse to obey a rule or law v.不服从

Cambridge 8 TEST 2

1.drastically : extreme and sudden adv.彻底地

2.carry out : subject to : 使服从

3.remain=stay=keep=continue to be=still v.保持

4.detect=inspect=examine=notice=spot=become aware/

conscious=note=conserve=perceive v. 检查

5.fault=flaw=defect=trouble=bug=virus=be something wrong with=be

something matter with n. 缺陷，缺点

6.enough=sufficient=adequate=cover=meet somebody's need adj.足够的

7.main=largely=principal=chief=major=key=primary=prime=predominant=core

49
adj.主要的:

8.documentation=written account=evidence=proof n.证明

9.shift=switch=transfer=move=jerk v.转换

10.consistent=lasting=stay the same=constant=unchanging adj.持续的

11.drought=no rain at all=dry=dusty adj.干旱的

12.period=cycle=era=age n.年代

13.random=arbitrary=at random adj.随机的

14.molten=hot=heat=boiling / boiling hot=scalding / scalding hot adj.熔化的

15.intense=strong=passionate=powerful=deep adj.强烈的

16.discover=explore=find / unearth=turn up v.开发，发现

17.pattern=trade / commodity=business n.贸易

18.relate to=associate with=link to / connect to=identify with 联系

19.feeling=emotional response / sensory=a sense of=passion n. 感觉

20.unappreciated=undervalued adj.低估的

21.difficult=elusive=hard / tough=easier said than done adj.困难的，难懂的

22.study=research=analyse=do/conduct research v.研究

23.smell=odour=scent n.气味

24.interpretation=be considered to be=understanding=reading n.理解

25.define=distinguish=tell the difference v.使明确

26.damage=impair=break=do/cause damage=scratch v.损害

27.realize=consciously consider=occur to=become aware=sink

50
in=strike=hit=wake up to the fact that v.想到

28.reveal=show=demonstrate=let somebody see=present=expose=let

somebody take a look v.显 示

29.to be defined=unanswered 无答案的

30.husbands and wives=marriage partner / spouse=couple=newlyweds 夫妇

31.linguistic=language n.语言

32.describe=name=express=give a description of=talk about=write about=give

an account of=tell of v.描述

33.lack=do not exist=not enough=scarce=inadequate=insufficient=in short

supply v.缺乏的

34.do not smell=odorless 没有气味的

35.regard as=consider to 把…认作

36.unpleasant=offensive=horrible / disgusting / revolting=not very nice=nasty

adj.极讨厌的

37.certain=some=a measure of adj.一些

38.correspond=be consist of=coincide=match up v.一致

39.float=afloat v.浮动

Cambridge 8 TEST 3

1. building=property=construction n.建筑

2. support=back=be behind=in support of=back somebody up v.支持

3. financial support=fund=financial aid 资助

51
4. stumbling block=difficulty=trouble n.麻烦

5. create=generate=form=produce v.形成

6. direct=guide=lead=instruct=give order/instruction v.指导

7. beam=laser=ray=glow=glare n.光线，激光

8. aim=direct at=purpose=point=idea=objective=goal=target n.目的

9. test in real=field test 实地测试

10. genius=giftedness / talent /

intellectual=intelligence=brains=brilliant=wisdom n.天才

11. inherit=run in family=receive=get=be given=be awarded v.继承

12. talent=prodigy=skill=ability=craftsmanship=flair=have a knack=a natural

ability to do something well n.才能，技能

13. lessen=minimize=subside=lighten=relieve=ease=allay v.减少

14. significance=supremacy=definition=meaning=sense=connotation n.重要性

15. achieve=make=succeed=manage=make progress=accomplish=get results v.

达成

16.limitation=restricted=disadvantage=drawback=liability=the downside n.限制

17. inexorable=inevitable=unstoppable=remorseless adj.无法改变的

18. stable=characteristic=constant=steady=fixed=unchanging adj.稳定的

19. life span=duration of life

20. biological clock=internal clock 生物钟

21. prolong=extend=drag out=spin out v.延伸，延长

52
22. principle=law=conscience=scruples n.原则，法则

23. optimal=better=best adj.最佳的

24. conserve=save / frugal=reserve=keep back v.节约，保存

25. immortality : the state of living for ever or being remembered for ever adj.不

朽的

26. organism=living thing=life form=wildlife =an animal, plant, human, or any

other living thing n.有机的

Cambridge 8 TEST 4

1. middle-year education=lower secondary school 中学

2. format=pattern n.格式

3. less successful student=struggler 差等生

4. key=contributing factor=important=major=significant=critical n.关键

5. achievement=attainment=progress=breakthrough=accomplishment n.成就

6. spacious=largely=big=huge=vast=enormous=immense adj.广阔的

7. adapt=accessible=get used to=become/grow accustomed to=adjust to v.适应，

可接近的

8. careful=elaborate=conscientious=thorough=meticulous=methodical adj.仔细

的，精心的

9.supplementary=assist=additional=extra=further=added=spare=more

=another n.补充，帮助

10. effort=hard work=work at=push yourself=labour n.努力

53
11. correct answer=accuracy n.精确

12. imbalance=disorder=unequal=disproportionate n.不平衡，紊乱

13. no longer respond=resistance=fight against 抵抗

14. cost=financial outlay=spend=charge=fare=rental=toll n.支出

15. innate=built-in adj.先天的

16. immunity=resistance n.免疫力

17. entail=involve v.包含

18. circumstance=system n.环境，系统

19. feed on=prey on 以…为食

20. blight=plague v.破坏

21. wipe out=eradicate=get rid of=abolish=scrap=do away with=eliminate 根除

22. plague=infest=troublesome v.折磨

23. compare=determination of variation=contrast=liken=make a

comparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel v.对比

24. criterion=identification=standard=scale n.标准，识别

25. compatible=use both method=well-matched=be made for each other=be a

perfect match /pair/couple=be right for=be ideally suited adj.兼容的

26. specimen=individual n.标本

27. container=plastic or glass tube n.容器

28. wet=marshy=soaked=waterlogged=awash adj.湿的

29. habitat=area=the environment=ecosystem=ecology n.栖息地

54
30. pitfall=trap n.陷阱

31. little time and effort is required=minimal maintenance and intervention 最小

程度的维修与介入

32. pesticide: a chemical substance used to kill insects and small animals that

destroy crops n. 杀虫剂

33. preservative: a chemical substance that is used to prevent things from

decaying, for example food or wood n.防腐剂

剑7
Cambridge 7 TEST 1

1. rely on=depend on 依靠 v.

2. avoid=stay away=keep away=steer clear of=make a detour 避免 v.

3. die out=extinct=disappear=no longer exist 灭绝 v.

4. hunt=search for=look for=try to find=in search of 打猎 v.

5. limb=arm or leg=body=organ 四肢 n.

6. perceive=sense=see=spot=become aware of=observe 感知，感觉 v.

7. calculate=measure=work out=figure=estimate=access 计算 v.

8. detection=finding=observation 探测 n.

9. coin=invent=make=create=come up with 发明，创造 v.

10. inaccurate=incorrect=wrong=misleading 不精确的 adj.

11. revision=change=shift=reform=alteration 改进 n.

12. downward=fall=drop=downhill 下降的 adj.

55
13. increasing=soaring=growing=rising 上升的 adj.

14. primarily=mainly=largely=chiefly=principally 主要地 adv.

15. due to=because of=as a result of=thanks to=owing to 因为

16. decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降 v.

17. radical=not traditional=new=unconventional 激进的 adj.

18. prior to=beforehand=before=in advance=on the eve of 之前

19. demanding=difficult=hard=challenging=tough 要求高的，艰难的 adj.

20. well known=notorious=famous=renowned 著名的 adj.

21. admit=acknowledge=confess=to tell the truth 承认 v. 15

22. be similar to=like=resemble=bear a resemblance to=akin to 相似 v.

23. result in=lead to=cause=give rise to=bring about 引发，导致

24. sophisticated=advanced=high-tech=complex=complicated 复杂的

25. address=solve=deal with=handle 处理 v.

26. imitate=copy=impersonate=follow one's example 模仿 v.

27. maintain=continue=carry on=keep up=preserve 维持 v.

28. feed=eat=have=chew=swallow=consume 喂食 v.

29. illustrate=show=demonstrate=make clear=reflect 说明 v.

30. memorise=learn=commit something to memory 记忆 v.

31. conventional=traditional=conformist=conservative 传统的 v.

32. notice=see=spot=be aware of=be conscious of 注意到 v.

33. retain=keep=save=hold on to 保持 v.

56
34. convince=persuade=win sb. over=satisfy 使确信 v.

35. spectacular=impressive=imposing=striking=grand 壮观的 adj.

Cambridge 7 TEST 2

1. interior=inner=inside 内部的 adj.

2. change=shift=alter=transfer 改变 v.

3. establish=build=found=set up=start 建立 v.

4. official=authority=leader=supervisor 官员 n.

5. isolated=inaccessible=distant=remote=faraway 隔离的, 边远的 adj.

6. collapse=fall=fall over=fall down 倒塌 v.

7. destroy=devastate=wreck=obliterate 毁灭 v.

8. absorb=digest=take in=assimilate 吸收 v.

9. severe=serious=stiff=heavy 严重的 adj.

10. purify=refine=distill 净化 v.

11. hidden=disguised=concealed=veiled 隐藏的 adj.

12. decline=decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降 v.

13. deteriorate=get worse=go down=decline 变坏 v.

14. recognize=know=identify=pick out 认出 v.

15. conclude=summarize=come to/reach the conclusion 得出结论 v.

16. adapt to=get used to=become accustomed to=adjust to 适应 v.

17. initiate=start=launch=open=set in motion 开始，发起 v.

18. refer to=mention=allude to=touch on 提到 v.

57
19. identify=name=recognize=diagnose 确定，认同 v.

20. request=demand=claim=petition=appeal 要求 n.

21. be divided into=separate=split=break up=break down 分开 v.

22. consist of=be made up of=be composed of=comprise 由…组成

23. hinder=hamper=impede 阻碍 v.

24. objective=aim=purpose=goal=target 目标 n.

25. implement=carry on=execute=put sth. Into practice 实行 v. 17

26. promote=encourage=help=aid 促进 v.

27. warn=caution=alert=give sb. a warning 警告 v.

28. observation post=watchtower 瞭望塔 n.

29. access=entrance=entryway=way in 通路，进入 n.

Cambridge 7 TEST 3

1. cause=reason=factor=origin=root 原因 n.

2. measure=weigh=time=take=read 测量 v.

3. route=motorway=highway=expressway 车道 n.

4. exclude=omit=miss out=leave out=drop 排除在外 v.

5. renewable=sustainable=recycling=environmentally friendly 可 再 生 的 6.

exist=there is/are=be found=occur 存在 v.

7. limit=restrict=constrain=confine=keep to 限制 v.

8. boundary=border=edge=outskirts=frontier 边界 n.

9. allow for=make sth. Possible 使…成为可能

58
10. proposal=suggestion=recommendation=proposition 提议 n.

11. urban=city=town=municipal 城市的 adj.

12. odour=smell=stench=stink 味道 n.

13. find one's way=navigate 导航 v.

14. bearing=position=standing 方位 n.

15. exchange=share=distribute 分享 v. 18

16. waste=unwanted materials=rubbish=garbage=trash 废物 n.

17. dental=teeth 牙齿的 adj.

18. priority=preferential=the most important=overriding 优先 n.

19. encourage=promote=help=support=be supportive 鼓励 v.

20. explore=look for=discuss=think 探索 v.

21. factor=cause=reason=root=origin 因素 n.

22. cultivate=grow=raise 培养 v.

23. convert=modify=transfer=adapt=customize 转变 v.

24. digest=take in=absorb=assimilate 消化 v.

25. preserve=protect=keep=store=keep sth. In storage 保存，保护 v.

26. monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监视 v.

27. allocate=distribute=apportion=grant=confer 分配 v.

28. decline=decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降 v.

29. fragile=weak=delicate=breakable=feeble 脆弱的 adj.

30. upgrade=improve=make sth.better=make improvements 改进，提高

59
31. advanced=developed=sophisticated=high-tech 先进的 adj.

32. sustainable=renewable=recycling=environmentally friendly 可持续的

33. evidence=proof=documentation 证据 n.

34. long-standing=lengthy=long-running=lasting 长期的 adj.

Cambridge 7 TEST 4

1. large numbers of=tens of thousands of=many 大量的

2. large=massive=huge=enormous=vast 巨大的 adj.

3. resemble=look like=alike=much the same=akin to 相像 v.

4. foe=enemy=adversary=hostile 敌人 n.

5. more than=exceed=over=in excess of 超过 v.

6. decrease=crash=reduction=fall=drop 下降 n.

7. stop=halt=come to a halt 停止 v.

8. sufficient=abundant=enough=adequate 充足的 adj.

9. establish=found=build=set up 建立 v.

10. be Successful=prosper=do well=succeed=thrive 成功

11. recognize=certify=accept=acknowledge 承认 v.

12. label=display=call=brand=hail 贴标签，命名 v.

13. adapt=adjust=get used to=become/grow accustomed to 适应 v.

14. mistake=error=fault=slip=mix-up 错误 n.

15. keep a check on=monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监 视 v.16.

unexpected=unpredictable=unforeseeable 不可预见的 adj.

60
17. generally=in general=in the whole=all in all=all things considered 大体上的

adv.

18. previously=before=earlier=formerly 先前 adv.

19. apply=use=make use of=exercise=utilize 应用 v.

20. due to=because=since=owing to=thanks to=as a result of 因为

21. raise=lift=lift up=pick up=scoop up 使…上升 v.

22. in addition=besides=additionally=too=also=as well 除此之外

23. inhabitant=resident=population=citizen=local 居民 n.

24. collapse=failure=fall 崩塌，失败 n.

25. set up=establish=found=start=open 建立

26. ensure=make sure=make certain=see to it that 保证 v.

27. assist=help=aid=give a hand=do sth. For 协助 v.

28. deny=refuse=withhold 否认 v.

29. permit=allow=let=agree to=authorize 许可 v.

30. interfere=intrude=disrupt=meddle 干扰 v.

31. repeat=redo=retake=do sth. again 重复 v.

32. prevent=stop=restrain=hold back=discourage 阻止 v.

33. disrupt=disturb=upset=break up 打扰 v.

34. long-term=chronic=long=lengthy=long-running 长期的 adj.

35. expose=show=reveal=present=let sb. see 暴露，揭发 v.

36. intense=strong=passionate=powerful=fervent 强烈的 adj.

61
37. random=arbitrary=at random 任意的，随机的 adj.

38. require=demand=need=call for 要求 v.

39. fatigue=tiredness=exhaustion=drowsiness 疲劳 n.

40. manifest=show=reveal=present 显示 v.

41. concentrate=pay attention=put one's mind on=attentive 专注 v.

42. produce=make=manufacture=create=fashion 生产 v.

43. carry out=implement=put sth. into practice=execute 实行 v.

44. perform=do=conduct=dabble in 执行 v.

剑6
Cambridge 6 TEST 1

1.exchange=apply something learned in one to others=change 交流 v.

2.expertise=skill 专门技术 n.

3.employ=analyze=study 使用 v.

4.investigation=analysis 调查 n.

5.narrow=focus on 缩小范围 v.

6.reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制 v.

7.funded support=finance 资金 n.

8.athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员 n.

9.calculate=measure 计算 v.

10.event=championship 赛事 n.

11.plan=prepare=design 计划 v.

62
12.improve=grow=get better 进步 v.

13.trade=economy 贸易 n.

14.transport=import or export=deliver 运输 v.

15.local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的 adj.

16.weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的 adj.

17.value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值 n.

18.delivery=export or import 运输 n.

19.nearby nations=geographic neighbours 近邻 n.

20.international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的 adj.

21.shipping=freight 船运 n.

22.cargo=freight=goods 货物 n.

23.tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费 n.

24.landscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view 风景

25.difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging 困难的 adj.

26.essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品 n.

27.supply=provision=support 供给 n.

28.grow=increase=rise=improve=go up=boost=expand=extend 增长 v.

29.respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration 尊重 n.

30.understanding=knowledge 了解 n.

31.well-being=health 健康 n.

32.impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能 adj.

63
33.catch=exploit=capture 抓捕 v.

34.surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境 n.

35.push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限

36.not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的

37.present inhabitant=descendant 居民

38.give up=abandon 放弃

39.mainly=heavily=most 主要地

40.visit=venture 参观

Cambridge 6 TEST 2

1. successfully=spectacularly well=wonderfully 成功地 adv.

2. people power=local pressure groups 群众力量 n.

3. commute=travel 通勤 v.

4. higher=increasing=more 更高的 adj.

5. income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入 n.

6. beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的 adj.

7. together=face to face 共同

8. refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反驳 v.

9. accommodation=live=living condition 住宿 n.

10. usage=use=benefit=profit 用处 n.

11. averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的

12. limited=minimal 有限的 adj.

64
13. move from one to another=adopt one over another 转移

14. show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明

15. related=associated 有关联的 adj.

16. suffer=be afflicted 忍受(病痛)v.

17. research=study=investigation=survey 研究 n.

18. affect=afflict=influence=change 影响 v.

19. disease=medical complain=illness 病痛 n.

20. increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上升 v.

21. link=correlation=connection=relationship 关系 n.

22. considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked 大量的 adj.

23. reduction=drop=concession=fall=decrease 下降 n.

24. elderly people=old people 老人 n.

25. independent=self-reliant 自立的 adj.

26. regular=daily 定期的 adj.

27. exercise=physical activity 运动 n.

28. challenging=difficult=tough=demanding 有挑战性的 adj.

29. decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease 下降 v.

30. lonely=emotionally isolated 孤独的 adj.

31. hand signal=gesture=body language 手势 n.

32. restricted=limited 有限的 adj.

33. concept=abstract idea=definition 定义 n.

65
34. specific=particular=detailed 特定的 adj.

35. early=older 早期的 adj.

36. fulfill=qualify=achieve=keep=satisfy 完成 v.

37. sufficient=enough 足够的 adj.

38. quantity=how many=amount 数量 n.

39. misunderstanding=confusion 误解 n.

40. prevent=resolve=forbid=stop 防止 v.

41. poor=lack of=impoverished 贫穷 adj.

42. newer=later=recent=present 新的 adj.

43. ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先 n.

Cambridge 6 TEST 3

1. teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育 v.

2. actor=star 演员 n.

3. first=initial=early=primary 最早的 adj.

4. storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节 n.

5. globe=world 世界 n.

6. early=first=ancient 早期的 adj.

7. passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝

8. describe=tell 描述 v.

9. realistic=achievable 现实的 adj.

10. target=goal=aim 目标 n.

66
11. feedback=comment=advice=criticism 反馈 n.

12. match to=suit to 合适

13. reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖励 n.

14. link to=make something contingent on=associate with=connect with=relate

to 联系起来

15. achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就 n.

16. remuneration=payment 酬金 n.

17. tend to=prone to 倾向于

18. feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感觉 v.

19. participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加 v.

20. staff=employee=worker 员工 n.

21. visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的 adj.

22. clerical worker=clerk 书记员 n.

23. judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appraise 评判 v.

24. job=work=assignment 工作 n.

25. delay=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=put off 延后 v.

26. growing old=ageing 变老

27. people=mortal=people=individual 人 n.

28. life=lifespan 生命

29.chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity=risk

=luck 机会 n.

67
30. production=generation=output 产量 n.

31. theory=hypothesis=guess=guesswork 猜想 n.

32. focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于

33. short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短缺的 adj.

剑5
Cambridge 5 TEST 1

1. produce=develop=manufacture 生产 v.

2. central=middle 中心的 adj.

3. did not have=without 没有 v.

4. bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer 带来 v.

5. time limit=deadline 时间限制，期限 n.

6. increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pick

up=widen=intensify=build up 增加

7. assistant=helper=coach 助手 n.

8.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=larg

e scale/large-scale 巨大的 adj.

9.illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=make clear=reflect=tell=be

evidence=reveal 表明，显示 v.

10. quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语 n.

11. predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前辈，

前任 n.

68
12. rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport,

business, a fight etc=competitor 对手，竞争者 n.

13. distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing

分心的事物 n.

14. fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus=be something

wrong with 错误，缺点

15. cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石 n.

16. confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予 v.

17. stability=the condition of being steady and not changing 稳定 n.

18. prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day 流 行 , 获 胜 v.19.

contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约 n.

20. grant=award=present=confer=allocate 给予 v.

21. fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them

and think

they are extremely interesting 吸引，使着迷 v.

22. disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰 v.

23. expect=think=anticipate 预期，期待 v.

24. psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior

心理学 n.

25. obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conform

to=observe=respect=toe the line=go by the book/do something by the book 服

69
从，顺从 v.

26. identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份 n.

27. severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性 n.

28. unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开，发生 v.

29. deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely 故意地 adv.

30. moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with

the difference between good and evil 道德上的，与道德有关的 adj.

31. prior to=before=previous 在…前面

32. repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times 重复 n.

33. genetic=relating to genes or genetics 基因的，遗传学的 adj.

34. sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get

something that is more important 牺牲 v.

35. victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered 受害者 n.

36. forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造 v.

37. persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服 v.

38. surrender=give in 投降，放弃 v.

39. extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist

anymore=disappear=vanish 灭绝的，绝种的 adj.

40. abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的 adj.

41. exaggerate=overstate 夸张，夸大 v.

42. phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature,

70
especially

something that is studied because it is difficult to understand 现象 n.

43. perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法 n.

44. impression=infection=effect=influence=affection 印象，感想 n.

45. entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有

权利/资格 v.

46. distortion=a change for the worse=deformation 扭曲，曲解 v.

47. dispose=to arrange things or put them in their

places=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with 安排，处理 v.

48. intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling

rather than by considering the facts=instinct 直觉 n.

49. emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air 排放物，散发物 n.

50. diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少，减小 v.

51. postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期，推迟 v.

52. crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的 adj.

53. pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that

something willhave a bad result=getting worse 悲观的 adj.

54. attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试，努力

Cambridge 5 TEST 2

1. similar=like=resemble 相似的 adj.

2. derive=originate=come from=stem from 起源 v.

71
3.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机，

动力 n.

4. generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture 产生 v.

5. couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随 v.

6. factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素 n.

7. unique=distinct=different=extraordinary=special 独特的 adj.

8. advance=progress=development=growth=increase 进步 n.

9. field=domain=territory=industry=sector 领域 n.

10. alternative=substitute=replacement 替代物 n.

11. like=such as=for example=for instance 例如

12. resource=material=source 资源，来源 n.

13. limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite 有限的 adj.

14. involve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含，牵涉 v.

15. current=modern=recent=present 最近的 adj.

16. particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique 特别的，独有的 adj.

17. draw on=absorb=do with 吸收 v.

18. settle on=make choice of=decide on 选定 v.

19. superiority=advantage=edge=high quality 优势 n.

20. accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴，伴随 v.

21. view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点 n.

22. artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine 人工智能 n.

72
23. involve with=associate with=link to=relate to 与…有关联 v.

24. release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行，发表 v.

25. difficult=demanding=hard=tough 困难的 adj.

26. task=job=work=labour 任务，工作 n.

27. instantly=rapidly=immediately 立即地 adv.

28. react=respond 反应 v.

29. relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与…有关系

30. subject views=outlook=personal/individual views=personal/individual

opinions 主观观点 n.

31. distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is

strange or unclear; to report something in a way that is not completely true or

correct=misinterpret 扭曲， 歪曲 v.

32. figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解，想出 v.

33. assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment 评估，估计 v.

34. emerge=appear=come forth 出现 v.

35. remain=keep=stay=maintain 保持 v.

36. exploitation=development=utilization=usage 利用，使用 n.

37. foster=cultivate=raise=nurture 培养，养育 v.

38. overtake=catch up=sweep over 赶上，压倒 v.

39. initial=original=premier 最初的，开始的 adj.

73
40. whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet 然而，但是 adv.

Cambridge 5 TEST 3

1. outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果 n.

2. overcome=win=get over=exceed 克服，战胜 v.

3. insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity 不足的 adj.

4. supply=provide=furnish=give 提供 v.

5. launch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开始，投放 v.

6. suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think 猜想，设想 v.

7. detect=perceive=explore=sense 发觉，觉察 v.

8. handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难 n.

9. peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type

of job, social class etc.同龄人，伙伴 n.

10. positive=optimistic=uplifting 积极的 adj.

11. administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform 执行，管理 v.

12. funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金 n.

13. interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work

together etc. 互动 v.

14. irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 灌溉 n.

15. sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc

settle at the bottom of the sea etc and form a solid layer 积淀 n.

16. interrupt=break=violate=cut in 打断，打扰 v.

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17. process=procedure=method=approach 过程 n.

18. threat=danger=intimidation 威胁 n.

19. valuable=precious=worthy 宝贵的，珍贵的 adj.

20. construct=build=make=found 建造 v.

21. blame=to say or think that someone or something is responsible for

something bad 责备，怪罪 v.

22. stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate 鼓励，刺激 v.

23. long-term=long-run=long-period 长期的 adj.

24. impact=affect=influence=effect 影响 v.&n.

25. occur=happen=exist=come 发生 v.

26. contain=include=cover=possess 包含 v.

27. military=battlefield=martial 军事的 adj.

28. separate=disparate=distinct=different 分开的，不同的 adj.

29. vanish=extinct=disappear 消失 v.

30. consciousness=awareness 意识 n.

31. ignite=light=inflame 点燃 v.

32. encompass=include=contain=cover 包含，围绕 v.

33. reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=expect=feel 认为 v.

34. widespread=universal=extensive=popular=general 广泛的，普遍的 adj.

35. launch=coin=project=release=issue 创新，开辟 v.

36. contemporary=modern-day, present-day 同时代的 adj.

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37. potential=possible=underlying=likely=expected=latent 潜在的，可能的 adj.

38. prospect=expectation=outlook=chance 展望，希望

perception=idea=insight=viewpoint 感觉，领悟 n.

Cambridge 5 TEST 4

1. community=organization=group=body 团体 n.

2. fragile=delicate 脆弱的 adj.

3. remote=distant 遥远的 adj.

4. require=desire=order=command 要求 v.

5. inhabitant=resident=dweller 居住者，居民 n.

6. consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result 结果，因此

7. destination=goal=end point=terminus 目的地 n.

8. throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end 自始至终，到处，全部

9. operate=act=run 运转 v.

10. output=product 输出，产品 n.

11. decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession 下降 n.

12. undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏 v.

13. revive=renaissance 复兴 v.

14. unusual=rare=strange=uncommon 罕见的，不寻常的 adj.

15. ordinary=standard=common=usual=general 普通的,平常的 adj.

16. fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins 碎片 n.

17. break=shatter=crack 打碎，打破 v.

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18. interior=inner layer=inside 内部的 n. &adj.

19. insist=claim=argue=believe=think 坚持，坚称 v.

20. expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance 扩张，扩大 v.

21.suppress=control=restrain=repress=put

down=oppress=inhibit=ban=forbid=stifle 压制 v.

22. speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed 加速 v.

23. examine=analyse=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate 检查，调查 v.

24. dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue 争论，争执 n.&v.

25. detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉，发现

26. claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe 声称 v.

27. cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence 提示，信号，暗号 n.

28. unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable 无法预测的 adj.

29. be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as 被称为

30. encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire 鼓励，促使 v.

31. considerable=plenty=big=major=important 数量可观的 adj.

32. regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管，不顾

33. adequate=plenty=proper=appropriate=suitable 充足的,适当的 adj.

34. assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certain of 保证

35. suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合适的 adj.

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剑4
Cambridge 4 TEST 1

1. ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any

notice 忽略，无视 v.

2. encounter=face=confront=meet 遇见，遭遇 v.

3. mistaken view=misconception 错误的观点 n.

4. easy to reach=accessible 容易达到的 adj.

5. change=modify(modification) 改变 v.

6. destruction=destroy=loss 毁坏 n.

7. investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查

8. where=geographical location 表地点

9. important=vital=essential=crucial 重要的 adj.

10. reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus 原因 n.

11. protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation 保护 v.

12. newspapers, television=media 媒体 n.

13. where to live=habitat 居住地 n.

14. get warmer=global warming 变暖 n.

15. contribute to=play a part 有助于 v.

16. survive=continuing existence 幸存，活下来 v.

17. curriculum=course=syllabus 课程 n.

18. link to=be connected with=be linked with 把…和…相联系 v.

78
19. underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary 不发达的 adj.

20. poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak 贫穷的

21.exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable 超

常的，例外的 adj.

22. mating=courtship 交配.

23. follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker 跟随，跟踪 v.

24. good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力

25. best=well=greatest=finest=ideal=top=number one

=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking 极好的 adj.

26. surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled 感到惊

讶的 adj.

27. volunteer=subject 实验研究对象 n.

28. similar=resemble=like=alike 相似的 adj.

29. blind=can not see 瞎的 adj.

Cambridge 4 TEST 2

1. initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own

initiative=under your own steam=to be the person who starts

something=plan=law 主动的，自发的 adj. 主动权 n.

2. increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on the

increase=intensify=expand=build up 上升，增加 v.

3. teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up 教学 v.

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4. more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language 多种语言 n.

5. determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定 v.

6. young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor 年轻人 n.

7. community=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体，团体

8. traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable 传统的 adj.

9.fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a

failure=go wrong=not work=do no good=fall through 失败 v.

10. endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being

hurt=damaged=destroyed 危及，使危险 v.

11. diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed 各种各样的 adj.

12. inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid 不可避免的 adj.

13. differ from=unusual 与…不同 v.

14. reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do

something=conservative 勉强的 adj.

15. consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice 资询

16. alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant 另一个

17. therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of

treatment for physical or mental illness 临床医学家 n.

18. retrain=taking courses 再教育 v.

19. salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee 工资，收入 n.

20.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolong

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ed=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable 长期的 adj.

21. complaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain 抱怨 n.

22. illness=disease=virus=bug=infection 疾病 n.

23. connection=relationship=link=correlation 联系 n.

24. beneficial=be good for you/ do somebody

good=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful 有益的 adj.

25. insight=comprehension=understanding 理解，见解 n.

26. physical=relating to the body=bodily 身体的 adj.

27. hazard=risk=danger=threat 障碍，危险 n.

28. accompany=with=together=along with=come wit 陪伴,伴随

29. mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind 精神上的，心理的

30. possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility 可能的 adj.

31. reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少 n.

32. class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety 种类 n.

33. rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise 排练，演习 n.

34. peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have

the same type of job, social class etc 同伴 n.

35. defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack

防御 n.

36. strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法，功略 n.

37. assist=help=aid=with the aid of 帮助 v.

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38. specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go into

more=greater detail=be more specific=be more explicit=elaborate 特定的 adj.

39. substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质 n.

40. surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境 n.

41. engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up 雇

佣 v.

42. combine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute 联合 v.

43. survival=the state of continuing to live or exist 幸存 n.

Cambridge 4 TEST 3

1. quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in

a speech or piece of writing because it is interesting or amusing 引言 n.

2. exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of

something=to give an example of something 例证 v.

3. explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go

through=throw/shed lighton=set out 解释 v.

4. outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but

not the details 概述 v.

5. purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end 目的 n.

6.encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do

something=influence=encourage=talk somebody into=put somebody up to 鼓

励 v.

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7. loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款 n.

8. poverty= being poor 贫穷 n.

9. crime= illegal activities in general 犯罪 n.

10. reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝 v.

11.employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up 雇

佣 v.

12.courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere 快递

员 n.

13.storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储 n.

14.facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular

purpose 设备 n.

15.ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive= determined

to be successful, rich, powerful etc.有志向的，雄心壮志的 adj.

16. effort=to try very hard to do something= attempt=campaign=drive 努力 n.

17. feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important,

interesting, or typical;a part of the land, especially a part that you can see: a part

of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc 特点 n.

18. planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球 n.

19. unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测

的 adj.

20. machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes for

83
doing something=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械 n.

21. ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that

they hope to achieve in the future= final 最终的，根本的 adj.

22.atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of

gases that surrounds the Earth 气氛; 大气 n.

23.occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turn

up=arise=strike 发生 v.

24. expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch 扩张，扩大 v.

25. form= type= way something is/appears=shape 形式 n.

26.emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into sight=come

out=reappear 出现 v.

27. emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出，放射 n.

28. situation= circumstances=position=case=plight 情况，状况 n.

29. self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what

other people think of you 自觉的 n.

30. generate= to make someone have a particular feeling=

form=produce=create 产生 v.

31. various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a variety of

something=differing=varying=an assortment of something=assorted=a mix of

something=a mixture of something 各种各样的 adj.

32. convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a time

84
or arrangement that is convenient 方便的 adj.

33. objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested 客观的

34. enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=look

into=solve=be under investigation 调查

35. observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note become

aware/conscious=catch somebody's eye=perceive 观察 v.

36. comment=remark=thing to say=point=statement=

announcement=declaration=observation 评论

37. include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of 包含，包括 v.

38. focus on=deals only with=concentrate 专注于 v.

39. affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= impact 影响 v.

40. gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its

origins in=have its roots in=derive from/be derived from=develop from/evolve

from 产生于…. V.

41. concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something

important 关心，担心 n.

Cambridge 4 TEST 4

1. official=formal=authorized=on (the) record 官方的，正式的 adj.

2. athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good

condition 运动的 adj.

3. intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period

85
of time=rapid=crash course 密集的，加强的 adj.

4. burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst of

anger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸，突发

5. recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell 认出，承认 v.

6. inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short

supply=lack of something=be short 不足的 adj.

7. develop=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins

in=have its roots in=derive from=be derived from=be founded on=grow out

of=develop from=evolve from 发展，生长 v.

8. enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the

way for 使能够 v.

9. predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance

预测 v.

10. specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very

skilled at it=expert 专家 n.

11. theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather

than with practical uses of the ideas or practical experience 理论的 adj.

12.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=r

udimentary=unsophisticated=low-tech 基本的 adj.

13.nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=type 自然 n.

14. aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end 目的

86
15.translate=change languages=interpret=put something into

English/French/Japanese etc 翻译 v.

16. ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of

years ago 古老的 adj.

17.realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seem real=lifelike=realism=true

to life=vivid 实际的，现实的

18. field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere 领域 n.

19. document=a piece of paper that has official information on it;a piece of

written work that is stored on a computer 文件 n.

20. equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else 平等的 adj.

21. influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=the

implications 影响 n.

22. behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on your

best=stay out of trouble 行为 n.

23. compare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they

are similar to or different from each other=liken=make a comparison=draw an

analogy=draw a parallel=contrast 比较 v.

24. economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business

经济上地 adv.

25. establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business or

organization. 建立新的生意/组织 v.

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26. sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment;

able to continue for a long time 可持续的 adj.

27.realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious=know

perfectly well=know/learn from experience 意识到 v.

28.limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制

29. produce=form=create=generate 生产 v.

30. guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your

word=swear=vow=commit to=pledge 保证 v.

31. liberty=freedom=a free hand 自由 n.

32. independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立 n.

33. consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes,

standards etc - usually used to show approval 持续的 adj.

34. underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier

etc than it really is=to think that someone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they

really are 低估 v.

35. provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the

future 提供 n.

88