English What do you like to do?

Pedagogical Module 1
Curricular Threads: Communication and Cultural Awareness,
Oral Communication, Reading, Writing, Language Through the Arts

Tenth Grade EGB

History of sports/
5 amusement parks
Phrasal verbs 4

Hi
st
or
y
6

So
Sports and culture
Question forms 3

ci
alS
tu
die
ish

s
Past tense-regular
2
gl

Hobbies

La
and irregular
En

ng
Writing a
and 7

ua
description

ge
Entertainment

an
1

d
Prepositions: in

Li
te
ra
t
ur
e
Values

9 Interculturality 8 Ethics

According to the European Union

Sport is something found in all cultures. Statistics
indicate that more than 60% of young people in the
EU between 15- and 24-years old practice some sport
at least once a week. In addition, sports offer the
possibility of interacting with other people. As a result,
young people acquire knowledge, attitudes, and skills
necessary to develop in civil society.
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Retrieved from: https://www.coe.int/en/web/compass/culture-and-sport

Are you surprised with the European Union’s statistics? Why?

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What percentage of young people practice sports in your city?

1
 Lesson A

Communication and Cultural Awareness

History

Does Ecuador have any Olympic champions? In what events?

History of the Olympics

The Olympic Games were started in ancient Greece 3,000 years

ago and they were brought back to life in the 19th century. At the beginning,
the Olympic Games were a celebration. People participated to honor the
god Zeus, every four years from the 8th century B.C. to the 4th century A.D.
The first modern Olympic Games took place in Athens, in 1896 with only
280 athletes from 13 nations. The participants competed in 43 competitions
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In 1994, the Summer Olympic Games and the Winter Olympic Games
were split. Today, the Olympics are the most important sports competition
in the world with more than 300 events. In 1896, track and field, gymnastics,
swimming, shooting, fencing, cycling, tennis, weightlifting, and others like
figure skating and ice hockey were added.
Retrieved from: https://www.penn.museum/sites/olympics/olympicorigins.shtml and
https://www.history.com/topics/sports/olympic-games

1. What other sports championship or tournament can you name?

2. What is your favorite sport? Why do you like it?

3. Are there any sports you dislike? Explain.

4. Which sport is the easiest to practice in your city?

5. Write the name of each sport under the picture it corresponds to.

Vocabulary Archery - Fencing - Badminton - Voleyball - Lacrosse -

Weightlifting - Synchronized Swimming - Gymnastics - Basketball
B.C. abbreviation for Before - Taekwondo - Speed skating - Rugby
Christ: used in the Christian
calendar when referring
to a year before Jesus Christ
was born

A.D. abbreviation for

Anno Domini: a Latin phrase
meaning “in the year of the
Lord”, which is used when
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referring to a year after

Jesus Christ was born
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split. divided into two or more

parts

2
 Oral Communication

What are some of the differences between American football and rugby?

American Football and Rugby

1. Listen to two sport experts talking about football and rugby. Take notes
on what they say about the characteristics of each sport. Write down Audio
the important points that you hear. Listen two or three times. Listen to the dialogue.

Football

Rugby

Pixabay / Vectorpocket
Tip

Venn diagrams are a good way

to organize information visually.
It allows us to see the relationship
Pixabay / Wikilmages

Pixabay / David Mark

between items and their elements

or characteristics. Venn diagrams
are very useful to show the
similarities and differences and
to compare and contrast items.
2. Now listen again and organize your notes in the Venn Diagram below
Write the things that the two sports have in common in the middle.

American Rugby
Football
Both
football
and rugby
Vocabulary

pads. pieces of foam and

plastic in the uniforms
to protect the players;
shoulder pads, knee pads, etc

field. the flat area of grass

where the games are played.
soccer field, football field, etc

helmet. a strong, hard hat that

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covers and protects the head

Pair work. Ask a partner. Do you know anything about rugby and
American football? Have you seen a game of any of these sports? mouth guard. a device that
Based on the description of these sports, which one do you like the protects the teeth from
most? Why? getting damaged

3
Reading

What is important when you play on a team? Do you think that uniforms are important? Why?

The History of Soccer Uniforms

Now, draw your own uniform
and describe it. Be prepared Pay attention to how uniforms have changed over time. How have uniforms
to share it with your class. changed and improved?

The uniforms that soccer players wear are not just jerseys. Soccer
uniforms did not always look like they do now. Over time, the rules for
uniforms changed. The players could wear whatever clothes they wanted.
They usually used white shirts, long pants, and colorful hats or scarves
to distinguish themselves from the opponents.
Around 1870, the public asked for uniforms for the players. Since
then, soccer players have worn uniforms with the colors that represent
the team. Samuel Widdowson invented shin guards in 1874. His idea
was not accepted at first, but then other players used them too.
Since the 1990s, soccer shirts have been
designed with light synthetic fabric for athletic
activity.
By the 1960s, the soccer uniforms started
resembling the athletic apparel we see today.
Soccer uniforms are basic. They include
a short-sleeved top, shorts, high socks over
shin guards, and soccer cleats.

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Retrieved from: http://theathleticshop.com/evolution-soccer-uniform/

After Reading

1. How have soccer uniforms changed throughout history?

2. Do you think that soccer uniforms can be still improved? Why? Would
you change anything?

Vocabulary

shin guards. a piece of rubber

or plastic material worn inside
a sock to protect the lower
part of your leg 3. Compare and contrast the uniforms of 2 teams. Is one better than the
other? Why?
jersey. a colorful shirt worn
by players on a team
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scarf. a strip, square, or triangle

of cloth, worn around the neck

cleats. a special type of shoe

used to play soccer

4
 Writing
What was the best moment in the history of sports?

My Favorite Sports Moment

Every time someone tells a series of events, this is called narration.

Telling a story is not as simple as it seems. There are three types of narration:
first person, second person, and third person, and each has a purpose.

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First person
In this type of narration, a character tells the story from his/her
perspective. You can recognize it by the use of “I”, “me”, or “we”.

Second person Tip

In this type of narration, the author uses a narrator to communicate Remember that when you talk
directly to the reader. You can notice a lot of “you”, “your”, and “yours.” or write about events that took
place in the past, you can use
Third person the simple past (verb + ed for
regular verbs). It is used with
Here, a narrator who is external tells the story. You can notice many actions that started in the past
cases of “he”, “she”, “it”, or “they” in this type of narration. and ended in the past.

Retrieved from: https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-narration.html

Think of a sports moment that you really like. It can be from any time or place.
Write down all the information you know about this moment. Include what
the moment was, when it was, who was involved, why you liked it, etc.

What?

When?

Where?

Before...

then...

After...

In Your Notebook, with all the ideas and information that you
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collected, write a short 80-90 words narration. Be sure to write all

the events in chronological order. Use at least five time expressions,
for example: before, after, during, as soon as, while, then, later,
at the same time, etc.
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5
 Language Through the Arts

What does synchronized swimming look like? Do you think it is an easy sport?

Synchronized Swimming

There are many beautiful sports. One of them is synchronized

swimming. Here are some interesting facts about this sport:
Did you know that synchronized swimmers don’t touch the
bottom of the pool during a presentation? They compete and
train in pools almost 3 meters deep. They wear nose clips
or plugs to avoid water getting into their nose when they
are underwater. Did you ever ask yourself how they are so
synchronized with the music even when they are underwater?
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Well, that’s because they have a portable underwater speaker.

These athletes swim and dance through the water
so smoothly. Synchronized swimming demands a lot of
physical strength and muscle control. So next time you watch
a performance, you will be even more impressed knowing how
hard it is making each move!
Retrieved from: http://laaquanymphs.org/what-is-synchronized-swimming/interesting-facts/

Answer these questions based on what you read.

1. Describe synchronized swimming in your own words.

2. Have you ever seen a synchronized swimming performance? Did you like
it? Why or why not?

3. Do you think that it should be considered a sport? Explain

Vocabulary

synchronized. many people 4. What other sports look like an artistic performance? Which one(s)?
moving in the same way.
For example, a group
of dancers

train. to prepare and practice

5. How can sports be considered a form of art?
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for competitions

plug. a small piece of rubber,

plastic, wood, etc. that fits into
a hole in order to close it

6
 Oral Communication

What are some traditional sports in other countries? Where have you seen them played?

Sports Around the World

Listen to the speaker tell you about the national sports of different nations
around the world. The first time you listen, write the countries and the sport Audio
that they play in each one. Then listen again. Would you like to play one Listen to the dialogue.
of these sports? Mark yes, no, or maybe.
Retrieved from: https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-narration.html

Country Sport Yes No Maybe

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Now let’s play a game with sports words!

Tip

1. Make groups of 6 people each. Remember that we use

the preposition in for cities
2. Make 8 cards per group. Write the following words on the cards. and countries in English.
(1 item per card) For example: A lot of people play
Ecuavolley in Ecuador.
Pato / Buzkashi/ Cricket / Kabaddi / Rugby
Yacht Racing / Sloop Sailing / Soccer

3. Divide the group, so 3 students compete against three others.

4. One person of the 3 will put a card on his/her forehead. This person
is not allowed to see the card. Vocabulary
5. The other members of the team have to explain the word without goat. an animal related
saying it until the person with the card guesses the word. The other to sheep that usually has
group has to check that they don’t cheat and keep time. horns
6. The group that guesses all the words correctly fastest wins. duck. a bird that lives
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7. Once one group finishes, they can compete against the winner by water
of another game until there is a champion. bat. a long, round piece
8. You can add more cards with other sports. of wood used for hitting
the ball in some games

7
 Lesson B

Communication and Cultural Awareness

Do you think that all the words of a language can be translated literally to another language?

Phrasal Verbs
World Fact
A phrasal verb is a phrase that results from the combination of a verb
and a preposition, an adverb, or both. The function of a phrasal verb
Not all languages have phrasal
is to convey a meaning different from the literal meaning of the individual
verbs. English does, but words that form it.
Spanish does not. Phrasal
verbs are two or three words 1. Below are some phrasal verbs related to sports. Try to guess what they
that always go together, mean using the context.
usually not able to be literally
• I enjoy working out at the gym every night after work.
translated word-for-word
from one language to another. • Oh no! I ate too much pizza. I must work off every slice of it if I want
to wear that dress!

• Don’t start yet! You need to warm up first, or you can get a sprain.

• Michael loves baseball and he is good at it. He should try out for
the team.

• Near the end of a triathlon, many athletes pass out due to exhaustion
and dehydration.

• Did you see that Andy Ruiz Jr. won the fight when he knocked out
his opponent?

• Daniel Cormier never gives up during a fight, that is why he is the UFC
heavyweight champion.

2. Write the number of the phrasal verb next to its definition.

to become unconscious.
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1 Try out for to exercise in order to improve

the strength or appearance of
your body.
2 Work out

to prepare yourself for a

3 Knock out physical activity.

to exercise in order to lose the

Pair work. With a partner Warm up
practice saying sentences
4 weight or be in good physical
condition.
that include phrasal verbs.
5 Work off
to demonstrate your abilities
so a coach can decide if you
Give up should be on the team.
6
Vocabulary to stop doing something,
7 Pass out to quit.
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phrase. a group of words

commonly used together to hit somebody and make
sprain. an injury to a joint them unconscious.
or muscle

8
 Oral Communication

Give examples of extreme sports. Which extreme sports can you do in your country?

Extreme Sports
Listen to the following recording about places to travel to practice extreme
sports. As you listen the first time, fill in the chart with the important Audio
information you hear. Then, the second time, check if the sport is interesting Listen to the dialogue.
or boring to you.

Dimensions/
Place Sport Interesting Boring
Height/Depth

Pixabay / skeeze
Pair work. Ask your classmates if they have done the sports listed
below. When and where have then done them?
BASE jumping
For example:

Have you played tennis? Where?

Sport Name Where

Tennis

Soccer

Basketball
Mineduc

Baseball

Vocabulary
Swimming
BASE jump. parachuting
or wingsuit flying. Jumping off
Gymnastics a cliff or tall structure
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coral reef. an area of colored

rock-like animals in the ocean
Extreme Sports
peak. The top of a mountain

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Language Through the Arts

What is in an amusement park? What kinds of things can you do in an amusement park?

Amusement Parks Around the World

There are many places where you can have fun, but nothing is like
amusement parks. Here is a list of the most amazing places to visit if you
are a fan of roller coasters.
Denmark’s Tivoli Gardens is full of flowers. It was an inspiration
for Walt Disney. It has existed since 1843. It is full of different games like
bumper cars and roller coasters.
Disney World’s Magic Kingdom is in Orlando, Florida. It is the biggest
park in the world, with more than 20 million visitors yearly. There are
castles, mountains, and many new things every time you visit.
Efteling Park in the Netherlands is an amusement park with inspiration
Pixabay / Sascha Zehner

in ancient legends. There is a magic tree called Marerijk and a scary roller
coaster called Baron 1898. This roller coaster falls very quickly before
circling the park.
These are just some of the amazing amusement parks in the world.
There are also other beautiful places like Beto Carrero World in Brazil
with big roller coasters or like Epcot in Germany’s Europa Park with
indoor and outdoor roller coasters.
Retrieved from: https://www.insider.com/amusement-parks-around-world-2018-10#europa-park-has-13-
roller-coasters-and-globally-themed-park-districts-6

1. Which of the parks written about would you like to visit?

Mineduc

2. Is there any big amusement park in your country? What is it called?

What can you do there?

Vocabulary
3. What would you add to the amusement parks in your country?
bumper cars. cars that
are driven for fun at an
amusement park
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roller coasters. a ride at

an amusement park that take
you up, down, and in circles
very fast

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 Oral Communication

How many different roller coasters have you ridden? Where are the roller coasters near where you live?

Roller Coasters
Listen to the following audio about roller coasters around the world.
Complete the chart with the information you hear. Audio
Listen to the dialogue.

Position on Name of the roller

the list coaster Location Height

Pixabay / Jakob Strauß

• Discuss the following questions with a partner. Use “me too”
and “me neither”.

• Do you like roller coasters? Why or why not?

• After listening to this information, which of these roller coasters

would you like to ride? Grammar Tip

• Why do you think that none of the roller coasters on the list Use “me too” to agree
are in Latin America? with a positive statement.
• I like roller coasters.
• Me too!
Use “me neither” to agree
with a negative statement.
• I don’t like sports.
• Me neither!

Vocabulary
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height. the distance

from the top to the bottom
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of something

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Reading
History

What amusement parks have you visited?

The History of Bakken Amusement Park

When we think of amusement parks, usually very modern places

with new technology come to mind. We think of countries like the
United States or Japan, that have many modern attractions. However,
in the northern part of the city of Copenhagen, Denmark, there is
the oldest amusement park in the world, Bakken. This park opened
in 1583 and still operates today. There are 150 games in its facilities,
some that are very interesting like the wooden roller coaster built
Pixabay / Paul Brennan

in 1932. This park is the second most important tourist attraction

in Denmark. Originally, this park offered fireworks, amusement
rides and dancing games. But throughout history, most parks have
closed and new ones have appeared. Bakken, unlike many others,
has survived, and is still operating today.
Retrieved from: https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/
oldest-amusement-park-in-operation

After Reading

1. What other type of attractions do you think Bakken has? Why do you
think that it has survived for so many years?
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2. Do you know of other amusement parks with an interesting history?

3. What do you think are some of the most important tourist attractions
in your country?
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Vocabulary

wooden. made of wood

12
 Writing

What phrasal verbs do you use without even thinking about them?

More Phrasal Verbs

Tip
People use phrasal verbs in everyday conversations. You learned some
phrasal verbs related to sports in lesson B. What other phrasal verbs do Phrasal verbs are verbs
you know? Write three of them here with their meaning and use them in an combined with other words,
original sentence.
to give a new meaning. They
are very common in English.
Phrasal verbs are useful because
1 they provide variations in
meaning from the base verb.
Dictionaries don’t always have
an entry for phrasal verbs
separately.

Now, in pairs, choose four of the phrasal verbs you learned in this unit
and create a dialogue that could take place in an amusement park. Make
a dialogue that you can relate to. Write a short dialogue of 60-80 words.
Be prepared to act it out in front of your class. You can use the past and
present tenses.

A.

B.

A.

B.

A.
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B.
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13
Assessment
Speaking Listening
1 Interview a classmate about good places to do sports 2 Listen to a woman talk about her hometown of
in your country. Ask them the following questions Chicago. Decide if each of the statements are True,
and create two of your own. Take notes. False, or Not mentioned.

a. There are not many festivals in Chicago.

a. Tell me 4 places where people can go to
True
practice sports in Ecuador.
False

Not Mentioned

b. There is food from all over the world.

True
b. What kinds of sports can people practice
there? False

Not Mentioned

c. There are indoor concerts.

c. What do you need to go to these places?
True

False

Not Mentioned
d. Are these places popular? Why or why not?

d. There is a beach for dogs.

True

False
Create 2 questions of your own
Not Mentioned
1.

e. A lot of tourists go to Navy Pier.

True

False

Not Mentioned

2.
f. On the 108th floor of the Willis Tower, there
is a beautiful view of the city.

True
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False

Not Mentioned

14
 Assessment What do you like to do?
Reading
1 Read this text about the history of Disneyland. with engineers, carpenters, and scientists
What do you notice about the way it is written? Pay who helped him make his dream come true.
attention to aspects like register of language (formal/ So, it was with the help of these people that
informal), verb tenses, time expressions, and words Walt Disney created the family-friendly
you don’t recognize. Write your observations. amusement park that still receives millions
of visitors each year.
Retrieved from: https://disneydose.com/disneyland-history/

The history of Disneyland and the reason

why theme parks happened
Writing
When someone says “amusement park”, 2 Write a brief paragraph (40-50 words) about what
the first thing that comes to many people’s it is like to go to the amusement parks in your
minds is the Disneyland theme park. However, country. Include the price, what attractions you
have you ever wondered who had the idea can visit, and who you can go with. If you have
to create it in the first place? What were not been to an amusement park, write about what
the first games that people enjoyed? type of amusement park you want in your city
The creation of Disneyland set a standard for or town and which attractions you would include.
all the amusement and theme parks around the
world. It established an entertainment industry.
Walt Disney created the amusement park that
changed the way families enjoy fun in the US.
Before Disneyland, amusement parks were
trolley parks, built at the ends of train lines
to get people to visit them. At the beginning of the
20th century, the Great Depression and Second
World War affected the amusement industry. Vocabulary
They had no money for good maintenance and 3 Choose three of the most interesting attractions at
bad people went there. amusement parks and describe them in your own
words.
Thanks to the letters that the children
sent to Walt Disney and the fact that there
1
was nowhere for his daughter and the rest
of his family to have fun, in the early 1950’s
he decided to build a park. There, families
could meet his cartoon characters and ride his 2
trains. It seems like a common idea today, but at
the time it was completely original. Disney put
together the best of the best from his studio, 3

I’m completing this self-evaluation based on what I learned in the module.

Self-evaluation I check the box that most applies to me

I do it very I do it I can I can’t do it
Topics well somewhat well improve without help
I can write sentences related to sports and entertainment using
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phrasal verbs.
I can express myself using the present and past simple.
I can describe fictional and nonfictional characters.
I can ask questions to better understand sports.

15
 Project 1
Creating your own sports / amusement park
1. Think of an ideal place where you can go with your entire family to have
fun during the weekend or on vacation.
Tip

Remember to add the “s” for

“he”, “she”, and “it” at the end
of the verbs in the present
simple tense and that the verb
after “do” and “does” always
goes in the base form.
2. Write a description of this place in 60-80 words. Include the name of the
place, the activities that you can do there, what it has, the entrance cost
(if there is one), and any other details you think are relevant. First organize
your ideas in the table below, and then write a paragraph. Draw a map
of the place on the left side of this page for people to get a better idea
of what it is like. Write your text in the present tense and be prepared
to share it with the class.

My sports / amusement park:

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16
 Let's review

Vocabulary
1 Below are some of the words used in this module. 3 Define 3 of the following expressions in your own
Choose 5 words and include them in original, words:
complete sentences:
Olympic sports, rugby, football, soccer, team, match, fit, Throw in, belt out, blow away, look forward,
handball, away game, home game, corner, goal, locker a false start, to jump the gun, the front runner,
room, draw, defender, goalkeeper, header, midfielder, ‘hit the ground running.
spectator, assistant referee, attacker, striker, penalty
kick, penalty shootout, extended/extra time, full-time,
half-time, field, stands, shoot pass, red card, yellow card,
score, suffer defeat, win.

1.

2.
Reading
4 History of soccer uniforms – Summarize what you
3. read on page 4 in your own words.

4.

5.

Grammar
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2 Write sentences that include the following: a regular

past tense verb, an irregular past tense verb, three
sentences with phrasal verbs about entertainment
and/or sports.
For example:

Spain won the soccer world cup in 2010.

Germany was the world champion in Brazil 2014.
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17
 Lesson C

Communication and Cultural Awareness

Social Studies

What are some of the differences between football, soccer, and rugby?

Soccer

Also known as football in Europe, soccer is a sport played with

two teams of 11 players each. It has become the most popular sport
in the world. It is a sport that only needs a ball and is played on
a rectangular grass field, sand, or artificial turf that has a goal at each
end. The opposing goal using their feet only. Each person on the team
has a role. There are the defenders, the attackers, the midfielders,
the forwards and the goalkeeper. The goalkeeper is the only player
who can use their hands or arms to throw the ball. The team with
the highest number of goals by the end of the game wins. If the score is
tied at the end of the game, the referee declares a tie or the game goes
on for 30 more minutes. If the game is still tied, penalty kicks decide the
winner.
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Retrieved from: https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/football_(soccer).htm

World Fact

American football, rugby, Goalkeeper

and soccer are all football.
The word football comes from Defenders
a family of sports. Rugby
Midfielders
Football and Association
Football were invented in Forwards
England. Rugby football is
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known as rugby. The word

“association” became “assoc”.
and this then became “soccer.”
In the US people use soccer Answer each of the questions after the reading.
to differentiate the sport from 1. What are the important rules of soccer?
American football. So, soccer
is not an American invention,
it was first played in England.

2. What are the responsibilities of the different soccer players during

a game? (Explain)

Vocabulary

score. the number of points,

goals, etc. achieved by each
3. When the score is tied at the end of a game, how is a winner decided?
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team in a game or competition

tied. to end a game with

both teams having the same
number of points

18
 Oral Communication

Where and when was soccer invented? Why do you think it is so popular?

History of soccer
Listen to the following audio about the history of soccer. Write if the
statements are True(T) or False(F). Audio
Listen to the dialogue.
1. Soccer was played by Romans and Greeks in the 2nd and
3rd century.

2. Biting was one of the practices allowed in soccer during

medieval times.

3. The goal of the sport was to move the ball to the target.

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4. King Edward III didn’t permit people to play soccer.

5. Soccer was prohibited due to violence.

6. People have played soccer for around three thousand years.

• Pair work. Ask and answer these questions with your classmates.

• Do you like to play soccer? What position do you like to play? Why?
Tip
• Are you a soccer fan? Do you support a team? Which team do you
support and why? Remember that you use ordinal
numbers to say the centuries.
• Why do you think that soccer and other sports were played by
For example you say:
various civilizations throughout history? Explain.
the twenty-first century or the
• When do you think it is a good idea to prohibit people from playing fourteenth centure, not simply
a sport? 21 or 14.

Vocabulary
Wikipedia Commons / H.Pot
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biting. closing something

between your teeth

punching. hitting something

with a closed fist

19
Reading
How important are sports in your country? In what sports are Ecuadorians successful?

Richard Carapaz
Before Reading
While you read, pay attention to any words
you don’t know and underline them.
• Do you know who Richard
Carapaz is?
• Do you know any sport

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in which an Ecuadorian
has been very successful?

Ecuador doesn’t have a great cycling culture, but a look at the front
page of many newspapers left no doubt that Richard Carapaz, the
“Locomotive of Carchi”, became an Ecuadorian legend. The athlete
from Carchi achieved great status when he won the 2019 Giro d’Italia,
a tremendous accomplishment achieved through hard work and
dedication. He gave the Ecuadorian people goosebumps and made his
nation proud.
The Ecuadorian government negotiated with ESPN and agreed to
broadcast the final race live on television. Parks and squares were full by
6 a.m., principally in Carchi, Carapaz’s home province. In Quito, around
Flickr / Agencia ANDES

5,000 fans got together to cheer on Carapaz. His accomplishments clearly

caught the attention of the entire nation, where cycling had never been
in the spotlight.
Retrieved from: http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/
giro-ditalia-victory-gives-carapaz-sporting-immortality-in-ecuador/

After Reading

1. What is Carapaz’s nickname? What do you think it means?

Vocabulary

accomplishment. something 2. How did Ecuadorians feel when Carapaz won the race?
done through hard work
and effort

achieve. to succeed
in finishing something
3. In the past, was cycling popular in Ecuador? Explain.
or reaching a goal, especially
after a lot of work or effort

goosebumps. a temporary
condition in which small
bumps appear on the skin 4. How has Carapaz’s victory changed the way Ecuadorians see cycling?
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because of cold, fear,

or excitement

spotlight. the focus or center

of attention

20
 Writing
Language and Literature

What was one of the greatest moments in the history of sports?

Describe a Great Moment in Sports

Think of a great moment in the history of sports. Describe it in three

sentences using the simple past. Where and when did it happen? Who
did it involve? What was the result?
When?

Where?

Who?

Result?

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Grammar Tip

When we talk about a historic

event, we can use the past tense.
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In this tense, speakers need to

recognize regular and irregular
Become a sports narrator and give more details about the event you
verbs. For regular verbs, you
mentioned above. What happened at that competition? Write two
need to add “ed” at the end
paragraphs, between 60-80 words in total, narrating the events.
Use the past tense. Use time expressions to guide your reader, of the verb and “d” when the
including: first, next, then, after that, at the same time, etc. verb ends in -e. Irregular verbs
don’t follow a pattern, so it is
important to learn them by
heart as you see them.

Vocabulary
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learn by heart. to learn

something very thoroughly.
Memorize

21
Language Through the Arts

How many different events are there within gymnastics?

Gymnastics in the Olympics

World Fact
Changing and beautiful, Olympic gymnastics is a breathtaking show.
Greeks believed that a balance
between the mind and body Gymnastics was one of the original sports in the Olympic Games.
was only possible when physical This sport demands athletes to perform on a variety of equipment trying to be
exercise went along with perfect. These are some of the women’s gymnastics events:
mental activity. Philosophers
like Aristotle, Homer, and Beam
Plato recommended the In this event, gymnasts must be very precise in keeping their balance while
strengthening properties they do flips, turns, and jumps on a beam that is 1.2 meters above the ground,
of gymnastics. and measures 5 meters long, and just 10 centimeters wide.

Floor
Here, gymnasts have to perform a 90-second routine with music. The act
must involve a combination of gymnastics, dance, and interpretation.

Uneven Bars
For this, gymnasts must have a lot of upper body strength. They make
a variety of movements going from the low to the high bars. They need
to finish with their feet together to get a good score.

Springboard
Here, gymnasts run, then jump. They are judged on how they move
in the air.
Retrieved from: https://www.olympicchannel.com/en/stories/news/detail/
rhythmic-and-artistic-gymnastics-explained/

1. What are some of the events in women’s gymnastics?

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2. What skills do gymnasts need to have?

3. Which event do you think would be the most difficult? Why?

Vocabulary
Arts and sports aren’t always seen as two compatible things. However,
breathtaking. dramatically
some say that these two activities go hand-in-hand. Do you think that
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exciting and beautiful

sports are a form of art or not? Why? In your notebook, write a short
strength. the ability to do paragraph of 40-50 words about an artistic sport you like. Why do
things that need a lot of you like it? Why do you consider it a form of art? Is this sport practiced
physical or mental effort in Ecuador? Explain. Be prepared to share your work with the class.

22
 Oral Communication

Which gymnastics event do you enjoy watching the most?

Gymnastics Events

Listen to the following conversation between an athlete and an interviewer.

Then answer the questions in the next two activities.

1. According to the dialogue, what do each of the following words mean?

Choose the best option for each one.

Performance

A A type of sport C A show

B A type of gymnastic event D A place where gymnasts

practice

Introduce

A To put something into C To start using a new

use, operation, or a place system, rule, or method
for the first time

B To tell someone another D To formally suggest a new

person’s name the first law to be discussed and
time that they meet voted on

Looking forward to

A To feel sad about C To feel scared about

something that happened something that is going to

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in the past happen

B To feel anxious about D To feel excited about

something someone else something that is going to
is doing happen
Tip
2. Now listen again and decide who would say the following things. Write
“Tim”, “Lauren”, “neither” or “both” in the space. Notice how Lauren and Tim
form questions in the past.
a. I practiced a lot for this competition. The auxiliary “do” and “does”
used in present turn into “did”
b. I was excited about the competition.
for every person and the verb
c. This was my first time at the competition. that follows is always in the base
form. With questions with the
d. I like the vault event the most. verb to be are in the past form:
e. The music choice was important to get a good score. was and were.

Pair work. In your notebook, create a dialogue of 50-70 words between

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an interviewer and an athlete, about a sport from this unit. One student
is going to be the interviewer and the other the athlete. Remember Vocabulary
to use the auxiliary do or does to ask questions in the simple present.
take part in. to be involved
Be prepared to present your dialogue in front of the class.
in something

23
 Lesson D

Communication and Cultural Awareness

How are languages important for athletes? What is the relation between languages and sports?

Good reasons for athletes to learn a new language

The Ontario Institute for Studies in Education lists the following benefits
of learning another language from an athlete’s point of view:

1. Understanding different cultures: A language tells us a lot about the way

people who speak it think. When an athlete competes against people from
different cultures, knowing their language is an important psychological
advantage.
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2. Being autonomous and resourceful: Big competitions don’t

usually happen in one’s home city. Athletes must travel, and knowing
the language may help them get around in different places.
3. Improving location intelligence and increasing receptiveness:
Value: Interculturality In sports, it is important to be able to predict and comprehend the game, the
opponent, and respond fast. When athletes learn another language, they can
Participating in the Olympics is become more aware of expressing things.
not only about the competition
and trying to win a medal. These are just some of the multiple benefits of learning a language
It’s also about sharing your own for athletes.
culture and learning about other Retrieved from: https://www.oise.com/blog/4-reasons-olympic-athletes-learn-foreign-language
cultures from around the world.
Many athletes practice speaking
words and phrases in different
languages. The athletes are
learning about other cultures, Γεια σας! Zdravo! Halo!
and having fun at the same time. HOlA! !‫ﻣﺮﺣﺒﺎ‬ HEllo! 你好

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World Fact

A Frenchman named Pierre 1. Who benefits from learning a language according to the article?
de Coubertin organized the
Olympic Games of Athens
in 1896. That is why French
2. What are some of the benefits an athlete can get from learning a foreign
is an official language of
language?
the International Olympic
Committee, along with
English. At official Olympic
events it is normal to do 3. How can knowing a foreign language help athletes when they are
announcements in French, competing in a different country?
English, and the language
of the host country.
4. According to the reading, what is receptiveness?

Vocabulary
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resourceful. able to find and 5. Can you think of another benefit of learning foreign languages? Do you
use different ways to help agree or disagree with the benefits listed in the article? Explain.
achieve your goals

24
 Oral Communication
How important are colors in soccer?

Colors in Soccer
1. Listen to the audio about color blindness in soccer. You will hear some
numbers. Complete the questions below with the correct information. Audio
Listen to the dialogue.

We have 3…

8%...

1 in 200…

up to 1 in 10…

2. Listen again. Correct and rewrite the following statements about color
blindness.
a. Color blindness in soccer is not important.

b. Color blindness is the inability to perceive figures normally.

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c. We see color through specialized brain cells in our eyes called cones.

d. We have three types of cone cells which absorb red, blue, or yellow light.

Tip
e. People with color blindness see many shapes as the same.
Notice that when talking about
numbers and statistics,
percentages in English are
f. Color blindness is very uncommon in men because it’s carried on the expressed without the use
X-chromosome. of any article (not a(n), not the).
He won 90% of his races.

g. The main problems with color blindness in soccer are not being able
to distinguish different teammate’s colors.

Anyone taking part in a soccer event may have color blindness. Have
you ever taken a test to check if you have a visual problem? Can you see
the numbers in the colored spots below?
Vocabulary

caucasian. a white person;

a person of European origin
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color blindness. a condition

of not being able to tell the
Vecteezy.com

difference between various

colors

25
Reading

Can fictional characters like cartoons really influence sports?

Cartoons and Sports

Before Reading
Captain Tsubasa: the animated star who changed the face of Japanese
Think of a TV series or a movie soccer and inspired Messi and Iniesta
about sports or athletes. What
kinds of sport do the characters The Japanese soccer team, Samurai Blue, went from an unknown team
practice? Do you enjoy watching to regulars in the World Cup. Their revolution is due to the formation
it? Why or why not? of the country’s first professional soccer league in the 1990s, but also
to one player that inspired a generation of soccer players to take up
the now favorite sport. That player is Tsubasa Oozora, the fictional
11-year-old soccer-obsessed student.
Writer Yōichi Takahashi thought of Tsubasa during his high
school years. In the 1970s and 80s, sumo wrestling was the national
sport of Japan. In 1978, the World Cup in Argentina was televised live
in Japan, and it captivated Takahashi.
The more he researched soccer, the more he learned about it.
He quickly fell under its spell. It was not Japan’s favorite sport, but it was
the world’s favorite sport. Takahashi created Tsubasa, the young wannabe
soccer star, who survived a bus hitting him because of the soccer ball
he held.
Tsubasa is in more than, 6 animated series, 4 films, 14 multi-console
video games, toys, clothes, and much more. It is very popular and captured
the imagination of thousands of children, including soccer players Messi,
Fernando Torres, Alessandro Del Piero, Andrés Iniesta, Lukas Podolski,
Zidane, and many more.
Mineduc

Retrieved from: https://thesefootballtimes.co/2018/06/11/captain-tsubasa-the-anime-star-who-changed-the-

face-of-japanese-football-and-inspired-messi-iniesta-and-nakata/

After Reading

Think of another cartoon 1. In your own words, explain why Tsubasa is important in the history of soccer.
or fictional character that
has a sport as its main topic.
What is it about? Who are
the main characters? What 2. What does “take up” mean in the phrase “one player that inspired
do they do? Does or did it a generation of soccer players to take up the now favorite sport”?
have any influence in real
life? In your notebook, write
a paragraph of 50-60 words 3. What type of merchandise of this anime can people get?
explaining what this character
does.

4. Have you ever watched this animated series? Why or why not?
Vocabulary

spell. spoken words that

are thought to have magical 5. Is there any series, comic, or cartoon that inspires you? How?
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powers

wannabe. a person who

wants to be something 6. What is the relationship between Captain Tsubasa and Messi?
or someone else

26
 Writing

What sport are you strongest at? How long have you been practicing?

The Sport I am Best at

Grammar Tip

Remember that we use “in” when

we talk about months, seasons,
years, decades, and centuries.
For example: because in the 1970s
and 80s, sumo was the national sport
of Japan.

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1. Imagine that you have to choose a sport to represent your country at an
international championship. Which one would you choose out of all the
sports we have seen in this module? Write it here.

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Value: Ethics
2. What kind of qualities do you think that a person needs to have
to represent the country in this sport? List them here. Everyone wants to win more
than lose, but doing your
1 personal best is even more
important. Being an ethical
athlete means following the
2 rules in competitions, and in
your life outside of sports.
Always behave in a way that
3 you can be proud of.

Group work. Now line up as a class in two lines facing each other.
Vocabulary
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Talk to the person across from you about your opinion. Do you agree
or disagree with each other? After 2 minutes, your teacher will ask one season. one of the four
of the lines to move down one person. Talk with each person for two periods of the year; spring,
minutes. Then discuss general conclusions as a class. summer, fall, or winter

27
 Language Through the Arts
What are the most common sports around the world?

Common Sports Around the World

World Fact

The Olympic Games and Each country has its own preferences in everything. These are the
World Cup Soccer may most common sports in some countries.
be the most famous sports
competitions, but there are In Australia, cricket, football, and rugby are very popular. In Canada,
many other sports that have people like practicing ice hockey, but also lacrosse, Canadian football,
their own tournaments. basketball, and baseball. Chinese people enjoy various sports like martial
For example, there is the arts, basketball, football, table tennis and volleyball. In France, many
24 Hours of Le Mans, the people watch and practice sports like soccer, rugby, motorsports, and
Super Bowl, The National cycling. For Germans, watching and playing soccer is very common.
Basketball Association Finals, In India it is not difficult to find people who love cricket. In Japan,
The Masters, Polo at Palermo, people enjoy watching or practicing sumo, judo, karate, and kendo.
Wimbledon, and others. Do The Japanese are also interested in western sports such as baseball
you know which sport each of and football. Some say sports in the United States are going through
these tournaments is about? a revolution now. People believe that in this country American football,
basketball, and baseball are the only popular sports, but more and more
Americans are interested in other sports like hockey and soccer.
The truth is that it is typical for a country to generally prefer a sport
or two, but most like watching all sorts of sports.
Retrieved from: https://viva-mundo.com/en/noticia/post/what-motivates-students-study-abroad
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1. What does the article refer to with the phrase, “Each country has its own
preferences”?

2. What is common for people in all these countries?

3. What are some wrong ideas people have about sports in other countries?

4. Do you think that people in other countries are interested in the same
sports as the ones on the list? Explain your answer.

Design your own sports 5. Why are some sports more popular in specific countries? Explain and
atlas. Make a list of 5 sports. give examples.
Print a map of the world.
Do research to find which of
those 5 sports are common in
which countries. Draw arrows
or signs to show in which
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countries people like or don’t 6. What sports do people in your country enjoy playing or watching?
like each sport. Explain in
complete sentences why you
chose each sport and place.

28
 Oral Communication
Give examples of entertaining plans for a weekend.

More Phrasal Verbs

Let’s find out the meaning of these phrasal verbs.
Audio
1. Listen to a conversation between two friends about plans. What does Listen to the dialogue.
each of the phrasal verbs mentioned in the dialogue mean? Match
the phrasal verb and its meaning by writing the number of the phrasal
verb next to its meaning.
leave home to go to a social
1 Go back event

return to a place
2 Check in

arrive and register at a place Tip

3 Drop by
Remember that phrasal verbs
ask many people the same are verbs with a main verb
4 Ask around question and a couple of other words.
Their meaning is not obvious
from the meanings of the
5 Give out arrive without an appointment
individual words in them.
So, you can’t translate them
6 Go out
give to many people literally to your language.
(usually at no cost)

2. Choose 4 of the phrasal verbs you heard in the dialogue. Write your own
dialogue of 50-60 words where the characters use the phrasal verbs
with each other.

Vocabulary
Good ways to organize ideas. Group work. Form groups of four. Select not mind. give no importance,
one phrasal verb (each group must have a different phrasal verb). Make
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not making a big deal

a mind map with the phrasal verb at the center. Write all the words
related to the phrasal verb. You can include sentences, examples, and grill. to cook food over fire
drawings. Be prepared to show your work to the class and explain the or hot coals, usually on a
relationships among the elements in your mind map. metal frame

29
Assessment
Writing Reading
1 Choose one of the sports you saw during this unit 2 Read the following excerpt. What does it tell you
and write an article of 70-80 words about any about success? Governments? Athletes? Write
aspect of the sport or the athletes that practice it. down your ideas in your notebook.
Your article can be in present and past tense and
needs to include at least one phrasal verb. Why are certain countries better at specific sports?

There is no other country as good at

Introduction
squash as Egypt, Iran is the best at wrestling,
and no one beats South Korea at archery.
What makes one country better than all the
other countries at one sport? Is it possible to
find the reason for a country to choose a sport
and then dominate it?
Detail 1
More than the half of the world’s top 10
men’s squash players are from Egypt. Hosni
Mubarak, Egypt’s President, increased the
money for the sport. It is common that
schools in Egypt give talented learners time
to practice squash. They have strict coaches
and training sessions up to 6 hours most days.
Weightlifting and wrestling are the
dominant sports in Iran. Persian athletes have
Detail 2 combined spirituality and strength training
for centuries, and that still continues.
South Korea has won more medals
in archery than every other country combined
since 1972. Their domination of archery
started in 1979 when a student won the gold
medal in this sport. The government invests
much more money in it than any other
government in the world. Therefore, parents
encourage their children to practice the sport.
Detail 3 When those children grow up and become
winners, they inspire the next generation.
Retrieved from: https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/articles/
why-do-certain-countries-excel-at-certain-sports/

Conclusion
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30
 Assessment What do you like to do?
Listening Speaking
1 Listen to the following audio about the best 3 Group work. Discuss the sports we have seen in this
soccer player of all time and determine if each chapter with two classmates. What are some of the
of the following statements are True, False, or Not characteristics of each one? Which ones are most
Mentioned in the audio. interesting to you and your classmates? Are there
any that you think you could practice in your city?
a. It is easy to say who the best Take notes and be prepared to discuss your answers.
soccer player of all time is.
b. People don’t usually agree on
who the best player is. Grammar/Vocabulary
4 Think about a historic moment of a match or
c. Pelé received the Jules Rimet in competition of a sport you like. Write 5 sentences
the 1950s. using the simple past.

d. Pelé got of legal age when he Example: During Mexico’s World Cup in 1986, Maradona
played for the first time in the touched the ball with his hand and scored a goal against
World Cup. England. This goal is known as “the hand of God”.

e. Pelé scored 12,181 goals by the

end of his career.
1
2 Listen again and answer the following questions.

a. Why is it hard to determine who the best player

of all time is? 2

b. What advantages does a soccer player now have

that a player in the past didn’t?
4

c. How old was Pelé when he won the world cup? 5

I’m completing this self-evaluation based on what I learned in the module.

Self-evaluation I check the box that most applies to me

I do it I do it I can I can’t do it
Topics very well somewhat well improve without help
I can narrate a historic event related to sports using sentences in the past
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simple.
I can explain an entertaining plan using phrasal verbs related to entertainment.
I can identify and express the benefits of sports using vocabulary related to
sports.

31
 Project 2
Sports Interview
Now that you are a sports expert, prepare an interview for the Ecuadorian
sub-20 team. Half of your class are the interviewers and the other half are
members of the soccer team.
Tip

• Remember to use the

appropriate vocabulary
and verb tense. If you are
talking about something
that is true now or
happening now, use
the present. If you are
telling a story that already
happened, use the past.

getty image / TF-Images

• Good interview questions
are NOT yes/no questions.
Write Wh-questions to
get more information
during your interview.
For example, Where was
you best game? Step 1

Work with a partner and write four questions that you can ask the players.

1
2
3
4

Step 2

For each group of two, one person is the interviewer and the other one is a
member of the team. All interviewers go to one side of the classroom and
all players go to the other side.

Step 3

The interviewers take turns asking questions to different players. You

can ask follow-up questions (like Why? When? How?) if you want more
information.
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Step 4
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Summarize the information as a class. How “real” was your interview?

32
 English What will I do
Pedagogical Module 3 in the future?
Curricular Threads: Communication and Cultural Awareness,
Oral Communication, Reading, Writing, Language Through the Arts

Tenth Grade EGB

So
Possessives: review 4 5 Divinations around the world

ci
a
lS
tu
d ie
3

s
Phrasal verbs
6 Inventions

Hi
st
or
ish

y
Future tenses 2
gl

La
En

ng
My Future 7

ua
Writing predictions

ge
Modals: ability
1 Plans

an
and possibility

d
Li
te
ra
tur
e
Values

10 Gender equality 9 Interculturality 8 Human beings and the environment

Our Curiosity About the Future

Knowing what the future holds is a common curiosity
among people. Humanity has always tried to know what
will happen in the future. As a result, multiple ways
have been created to try to see the future. Some of these
methods seem simple and others seem very abstract.
However, these practices of seeing or trying to read the
future are already a type of art. They even have their own
suffix, “-mancy”. To practice divination, people often use
omens or supernatural powers. Real or unreal, divination
is rooted in many cultures and will probably continue
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forever.

• Did you know about divination methods?

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• Is there any traditional divination method in your country? Have you tried it?

• If you had the chance to see the future, what are ways it could change your life?

1
 Lesson A

Communication and Cultural Awareness

Social Studies

Is it possible for people to know what is in the future? What are some methods of divination?

Divination Methods
Value: Interculturality
People have created many ways to see or predict the future. Among
Why do you think that the multiple ways of predicting the future are: xylomancy, the divination
so many different cultures by reading pieces of wood. Another form of divination is theomancy,
have developed a method or the divination by responding to the oracles or people that the gods
to know about the future? inspire. Next is scapulimancy. It consists of reading the bones of an animal.
Had you heard about these
Another way of divination to find underground water or minerals
forms of divination before?
currents is rhabdomancy. Next is pyromancy or seeing the future through
When and from who?
the reading of fire. Psephomancy is another way of reading the future
using pebbles. Lithomancy or divination using stones. The divination
made through the reading of leaves is called phyllomancy. The divination
of future that comes with the observation of the flight of birds is called
We have read about many ornithomancy. Another form of divination is the reading
ways to see the future. Can of the cooked white of eggs is known as oomancy. These and
you guess what the following many other ways to see the future have been used in the past.
methods of divination are?
Retrieved from: https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/
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ways-to-tell-the-future/divining-the-future
Aeromancy

Divination
Aleuromancy Complete the crossword puzzle below with words related to divination
methods.

Anthropomancy

Bibliomancy

Ceromancy

Vertical
Vocabulary 1. In this divination method someone
read pieces of wood
oracle. a female priest
who gave people wise but Horizontal 2. The art of seeing the future by
looking at rocks
often mysterious advice from 4 . (related to theomancy) a priest that was inspired
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3. Phylomancy pays attention to ...

a god, or the advice given by god and gave pieces of advice to know the future 5. It is used to see the future in
6. To find water under the ground, we use ...
pebble. a small smooth round pyromancy
7. Scapulimancy consists in reading...
stone, especially one found 7. Ornithomancy consist on looking
on a beach or in a river 8. Oomancy pays attention to ... at these animals

2
 Oral Communication

What are some methods you have heard about to predict the future?

1. Did you guess the definitions of divinations correctly? Listen again

and check if you got the answers right. If you didn’t get them right, listen Audio
again and then ask your classmates for the meaning of: Listen to the person talk
about forms of divination.
a. What is the meaning of aeromancy? Take notes about what is said.

b. What does aleuromancy mean?

Based on the description
of these divination forms,
c. What is the meaning of anthropomancy? which one would you prefer
to try? Why?

d. What is the meaning of bibliomancy?

e. How does ceromancy work?

2. Choose the correct answer.

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a. Astragalomancy is the art of knowing the future by reading

Stars / Bones
Grammar Tip
b. The root of belomancy comes from the same
Greek / Latin word. Note that to talk about periods
of time past, present and future
c. To practice belomancy, people have to take a Missile / Arrow /Dart we use the preposition in.
For example: I want to know
from a container.
what will happen in the future.
d. Bibliomancy is the prediction of the future by means of looking at

Specific / Random pages of a book.

Vocabulary
e. The prediction of the future using
Maps / Cards is cartomancy.
forecast. to say what you
expect to happen in the
f. Young women used cartomancy in the
19th / 18th century to future, often with the weather
know their future. flour. powder made from
Chiromancy is the divination method of examining water in grain, especially wheat,
used for making bread, cakes,
Basins / Hands pasta, pastry, etc.

dough. flour mixed with water

and often yeast, fat, or sugar,
What is the best divination method? so that it is ready for baking
Make groups of 4 and consider all the divination methods you have bread
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learned until now. Select 5 and rank in order of posssibly being accurate. entrails. the intestines
Make a list of arguments explaining why you rank them in that order. and other inside organs
Share your list with your classmates and compare the rankings. Do the of an animal or person, when
groups agree or disagree? Explain. they are outside the body

3
Reading

How do you think relationships and family life will be in the future? Explain

Family Life in the Future

Grammar Tip

When we want to talk about The world we live in seems completely

the future or make predictions normal, what we do seems logical and correct.
or express decisions for the However, everything that is normal in the
future taken at the moment, present was different in the past.
we use the modal: will+ verb
According to the Sociology Professor
in the base form. The negative
Pepper Schwartz, family, love and relationships
form of will is will not or won’t.
will change drastically in the future. In 90

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For example:
years, technology will have changed our lives
• I will go out with you so much that social constructions will be
on the weekend. different. Families will become androgynous. Household tasks will no longer
• He won’t win the race be one person’s job solely based on gender. That is, men will stop being
next year. who provide to the family or the main breadwinner in less than a century.
Men and women will both take care of the house and work to earn money.
Schwartz says that there will be many cases of subrogation. In addition
to women who can’t have children due to natural causes, women with
Value: Gender equality a very good income will avoid having many pregnancies. The options may be
to have children outside of the mother’s womb. This will help eliminate the
It makes sense for partners idea of women
​​ as more responsible for a child than the father.
in a household to share
Thanks to scientific advances there will be fewer cases of children with
responsibilities. Families
physical or mental defects because they will be detected and corrected before
are having fewer children
delivery. Divorce cases will still be common. The life expectancy will be
than in past generations,
higher, and the average person will have approximately 3 marriages during
and more women are working
their life. The cost of living will rise a lot, which will make it almost impossible
as professionals now than ever.
for families to have a house for themselves. Also, raising children will be
These job changes result
very expensive. So, the state will have to provide a subsidy for education.
in changes at home as well.
Only very poor and very rich people will have more than two children.
Retrieved from: https://www.washington.edu/alumni/columns/june98/pop_culture.html
• Do you agree with his
predictions? Why or why
not? Would you change Select True(T) or False(F). Correct the (F) ones writing the right answer.
anything about them?
a. According to professor, family and work relationships
• Do you think that some will change completely.
of these predictions are
already true?
• Are some of these
predictions impossible? b. Relationships and family won’t be too different compared
Explain. to what we have today.

Vocabulary

household. a group of people, c. Work at home will be divided between men and women.
often a family, who live
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together

subrogation. the substitution d. The economy will make it easier to live in an independent house.
of one person or group by
another or something else

4
 Writing
Language and Literature

Can someone actually know what will happen in the future?

A Man Who Saw the Future

Grammar Tip
In Saint-Remy-de-Provence, France, in 1503 a child was born who
later treated victims of the plague in France and Italy. Not much is known Modals are special verbs. They
about his childhood. What we know is that he was a very intelligent child, are never conjugated. So, we don’t
he managed to pass school quickly and without difficulties. He studied need to add an “s” to verbs after
Greek, Latin, Hebrew and Mathematics, and his grandfather taught “he, she, it.” For example: I can see
him astrology. At age 14 he entered the University of Avignon to study the future. She can see the future.
medicine. This man became a world celebrity, not because of his medical
skills, but because of his predictions. There were and there are people who
believe that Michel de Nostradame, better known as Nostradamus could see
the future. His predictions are known to this day and some still believe that
what he said hundreds of years ago will come true in the future.
Retrieved from: https://www.biography.com/scholar/nostradamus

1. Are you good at predictions? How do you think families, love and
relationships will be in the future? Make your own 10 predictions about
family, love and relationships in the future.

8
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10

2. What do you think that will happen to you in the future? Brainstorm
and write some ideas on the lines below. Then, in your notebook, write
a 80-90 word biography with predictions about what will happen
to yourself in the future. You must use at least FIVE time expressions,
for example: after, during, as soon as, while, then, later, at the same time…
How accurate was
Nostradamus? In pairs,
research some of his
predictions about the future
and write them on one side
of a page in your notebook.
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Discuss with your partner

whether they are true or false.
Then, write an example or an
explanation supporting your
opinion.

5
Language Through the Arts
Social Studies

What do you know about gypsies?

Gypsies and Fortune Telling

Grammar Tip

Remember we use the present When we think of fortune telling and divination, it is common
perfect to talk about events gypsies come to our minds. This is because divination is a fundamental
or actions that started in the past element of Roma culture. Gypsy women have practiced divination
and continue in the present. and fortune telling for hundreds of years. The fortunetellers practice it
For example: Women have as a way to earn money, but never among their own people. Fortunetellers
practiced divination and fortune were disapproved throughout history. The Roma have traveled all
telling for hundreds of years. over the world. Different governments, monarchies and religions have
condemned their divination practices. Nowadays, some governments
accept the practices of gypsies as long as they respect the rules of the place.
In the past, almost all gypsy women were fortunetellers. A well-
known case is that of Lenin’s mother who consulted “Grandma Rose”,
a fortuneteller and clairvoyant. Grandma Rose told her there was nothing
she could do for Lenin’s older brother who was in prison, but she could
help young Lenin. The gypsy told Lenin’s mother: “I will help your son,
and everything will turn out well, he will be the leader of Russia and
his ideas will be followed even after his death.” and so it
happened.
Gypsies practice reading of hands and other
multiple forms of divination such as tea-leaf
reading, cartomancy, tarot reading, coffee beans
reading or crystal ball.
Retrieved from: : https://rozvitok.org/en/
pik

fortune-telling-as-part-of-the-roma-culture/
Free

Making a perfect prediction. Look for the correct counterpart of your

prediction.

Instructions Example
• Make 2 groups. Write your own Group A
predictions. In 15 years, flights...
Vocabulary • Group A will receive the first part
of a prediction and Group B only Group B
gypsy. a member of people the second part. ...will be faster and cheaper
originally from northern India • Go around the class asking. and we will not need visas.
who typically used to travel
from place to place

fortune teller. a person who

tells you what they think will Answer the following questions:
happen to you in the future
• Have you ever met a gypsy? Did they practice fortune telling?
clairvoyant. a person who
says they have powers to see • Why do you think governments, churches and kings condemned
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the future or see things that fortunetellers?

other people cannot see
• Do you know any other culture that practices divination?
tea leaf. a dried leaf from
the tea plant • Do you believe “Grandma Rose” really changed Lenin’s future? Explain.

6
 Oral Communication

Are you good at making plans? What types of things do you plan in advance?

The Art of Making Plans

Audio
Listen to the dialogue.

Grammar Tip

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Remember that when we want
to express possession, we use
the apostrophe ’s when the owner
Listen to the speakers talking about plans making. Answer the following is a person or an animal.
questions.
The owner goes first, then,
• What is Mili’s problem? the apostrophe ’s and then
the possession.
• Is Mili going to work too much during the summer? For example: Mili’s plans.
• Is she happy about doing what she is going to do in the summer? Don’t forget that if the owner’s
name ends in s we write only
• What is Luca’s piece of advice? the apostrophe.
• According to the text, why do people cancel plans so often? For example: Lucas’ plans.

• What is the solution to the planning-canceling culture according

to the article?

PLANNING
In pairs. Student A talk about your plans for the weekend. Student B
ask questions to get more information. Exchange the roles once you
have finished.

Listen again and put a check next to the correct option.

is sure of what she is going to do in summer

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Mili doesn’t know what she is going to do in summer

is not going to do anything in summer
Vocabulary
is stressed about what he is going to do in summer
Lucas knows what he is going to do in summer schedule. to arrange that
is not going to do anything summer an event or activity will
happen at a particular time
are going to have 2 weddings overschedule. to overfill the
Mili’s are going to launch a product schedule with too many
friends are having parties activities

task. piece of work to be done

his personal experience
Lucas to avoid. to stay away from
an article he read in a magazine
talks about someone or something
an article he found on the internet
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to commit. to promise or give

Planning/ was already discovered last century your loyalty, time, or money
Cancelling is going to be studied in the future to a particular principle,
culture is not real person, or plan of action

7
 Lesson B

Communication and Cultural Awareness

How do you organize your time? How do you remember what to do and when to do it?

Apps for Every Student

Design your own app or

an improved version of one
mentioned in the text. Explain
how it will work and how it There is hardly a person today who doesn’t have access to smartphones.
will help students. There are apps for everything. Their purpose is to make life easier by
providing a service. A lot of app users are students. As a result, there are
many apps that focus on making student life easier.
We will review the 3 best apps that will make your student life more
organized and easy.

An app that will help you study without being distracted

is SelfControl.
This mobile app blocks applications, websites, messaging
services and any social network that you blacklist for
a scheduled time. The only disadvantage is that if you
concentrate and work fast or send your work early,
you won’t be able to do anything to stop the blockage.
Neither restarting your phone nor deleting the app
from your device can give you access to what is on your
blacklist until the scheduled time has passed.

Are you a sleeper? Are you one of the people who push
the snooze again and again? Sleep If U Can Alarm is the
right app for sleep lovers like you. This app will help you
get to school early. The “world’s most annoying alarm”
will ensure that you get up. Once the alarm is activated,
Pixabay / Pexels

you will have two options, go to the indicated place

and take picture or shake your phone very fast and hard.

The last app we will recommend you consider is Studious.

This app will turn your phone silent at the exact time you
program it. You won’t have your phone ringing in the
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middle of a class. You just need to write your schedule

and the app will set your phone to silence at that time.

Retrieved from: futurefinance.com/blog/7-awesome-apps-for-students/

Answer the following questions, according to your own experience and

what you read.
• What is the general purpose of apps?
How useful are the three apps
• Why are they important?
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for you? Out of the 7, rank

the top 3 apps and explain • What is the main purpose of the apps in the blog post?
why you put them in that
order. Which would you rate • Have you ever used similar apps to those mentioned on the post? Explain.
as the best? Explain why? • Of all the apps in the article, which one would you choose and why?

8
 Oral Communication

What are your plans for the future?

Audio
Listen to the dialogue.
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Grammar Tip
1. Mark each of the following statements as True(T) or False(F) according
to what you heard. When we want to talk about the
future we can use three forms.
a. Jessy is going to travel to Europe.
• Present continuous
b. Thomas may travel to the United States. for planned activities.
They are having a show next
c. Anna and Thomas are going to a Jonas Brother’s concert. month.
• Going to for plans, intentions,
d. The Jonas Brother’s concert will be in Madrid in September. and predictions based on
evidence.
e. Thomas will probably meet Harry Styles. Billie Eilish has so many hits.
Her concert is going to be
2. In the audio, Thomas, Jessy and Anna use all the forms of future. Write awesome.
one example of each form: • Will for unplanned future,
promises and predictions with
Present Continuous no evidence.
We will have a great time
Going to at the party.
Will

What are your plans? Ask 3 classmates for their plans. Write their
answers in the table below. Be prepared to share their answers with
the class.
Vocabulary

to launch. to introduce
Question /Name something new such as
a product
What are you doing
tonight? disappointed. unhappy
because someone or
Where are you going something was not as good
on the weekend? as you hoped or expected,
or because something did not
What are you going to do happen
on vacation?
to set off. to start on a trip
When are you going
to graduate? to appeal. to interest
or attract someone
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Who will be your favorite

singer in 1 year? to bump into someone.
to meet someone you know
What will you be doing when you have not planned
in 5 years? to meet them

9
Language Through the Arts

What movie will come out next year?

How Do You Imagine the Future?

Value: Human beings
and the environment
One of the most recognized films about the future
What will the future look like is Wall-e. In 2008, Disney’s Pixar released a movie about
if humans don’t take care Wall-e, a lonely robot that lives in 2805. The movie
of the planet? Some films make shows an abandoned planet. The only survivors on the

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representations of possible Earth are Wall-e and its friend, a cockroach. A special
future scenarios. ship, Axiom, floats in the space and makes occasional
checks to see if the earth is fit to return, always with negative results. Wall-e
is a film that manages to convey an idea of what the future could be without
the need of many words. Many characters have no voices. Wall-e deals with
serious issues such as waste management, consumerism, environmental
impact, obesity, or corporatism.
Retrieved from: https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/wall-e-review-2008-movie-1016979

• Discuss in pairs how you Answer the following questions based on your personal experience
imagine the future. and the text you just read.

• Why do you think that the • What were the best films of this year so far?
movie does not have many • Do any of these films appeal to you? Explain.
dialogues? • Out of all the movies in the article, which one do you think will be
the most and least popular? Why?
• Is there any other film you are interested in seeing that will come out
in the future?

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COMING SOON
Hollywood Sequels
With many releases, 2020 promises to be a year full of blockbusters. In
Vocabulary January a remake of the horror film “Grudge”, the Japanese movie about a
vengeful ghost will come out. Also in January Just Mercy, a movie about a
to release. the action lawyer fighting for the civil rights of an inmate sentenced to death will be
of making a movie, recording, released. Also, Bad Boys for Life, an action and comedy film starring Will
or other product available for Smith will come out. It is a sequel to Bad boys 1 and 2 released in 1995 and
general viewing or purchase 2003.
remake. make (something)
Legally Blonde 3 will be released 15 years after the last film. Reese
again or differently
Witherspoon returns to play her role as Elle Woods, a blonde lawyer. The
vengeful. seeking to harm Disney live-action Mulan will come out in February. And in April “Bond 25”
someone in return for a will be released. The protagonist will be once again, and perhaps for the last
perceived injury, payback time in this character, the Englishman Daniel Craig. The second part of the
low-budget film that managed to raise millions, “A quiet place” by the couple
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low-budget. made with

a small amount of money John Krasinski and Emily Blunt, will be released on May 15th.
Retrieved from: https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/article/most-anticipated-movies-of-2020/
to raise. collect, levy, or bring
together (money or resources)

10
 Oral Communication

What are your expectations for next year?

Transportation in the Future

Audio
Listen to the audio and select the right option. Listen to the following audio
about next year. Take notes.
a. The audio is about predictions of what would happen
Then answer the questions
Before 2020 In 2020 After 2020 in class.

b. The audio says that in 2020 there

will be cars that can drive themselves

won’t be cars that can handle alone
will already be cars that don’t need a human driver

c. The predictions said that Japan

will have a moon base for robots

will have a moon base for humans
will have a solar base for robots

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d. According to the audio, with the China railway

will sell more products to Europe

will join two worlds
is going to build the biggest railway ever
Ask your classmate which
inventions may come out
e. Due to the lack of technology to connect cars, independent cars in 10 years related to the
will be a reality following fields. Add your
own categories.
won’t be a reality
• Medicine
will need more time to come out • Vacations
• Food
• Houses

Vocabulary
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expectation. a strong belief

that something will happen
or be the case in the future

How do you imagine the future? Complete the sentences with your subsequent. coming after
own ideas. something in time; following

• In 10 years to handle. manage

(a situation or problem)
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• By 2050
set out. begin a journey
• The next generation
to delay. make (someone
• Next year or something) late or slow

11
Reading

How was education in the past? How is it different now? What will it be like in the past?

What Changes Will be There in the Field

Before Reading of Education?
Brainstorm a list of elements and
tasks that are traditional in your Technology advances at giant steps. Since the creation of the internet
school. Have you ever imagined in the 60s, the world has seen unimaginable changes. Today the whole
how your school would be world is connected in real-time. There are new inventions every year that
without them? make into artifacts things that were cutting edge technology obsolete.
Some of the objects that will become obsolete in the 2020s are some
products and practices related to education. First, desks because new
education models and approaches say that communities work bettter
by sitting together or any environment that allows a more collaborative
dynamic promotes learning better than the traditional rows.
Second are the famous language labs for language learning. Future
learners will stop using monitors and desks and replace them with more
convenient devices such as phones. Nowadays we can learn languages​​
with apps on the phone. Maybe even books will be replaced by apps
in the future.
Third is the computer. The objective of education won’t be for students
to spend hours in front of a book, instead they will use elements that have
more presence in their life such as platforms, apps or programs that make
learning more meaningful and life related. Finally, in the future, teachers
who can’t use technology in their classes will become obsolete. Those who
can’t, unfortunately, will stop being attractive to educational institutions.
Retrieved from: hhttps://www.kqed.org/mindshift/17738/21-things-that-will-be-obsolete-in-202

1. In your notebook, answer the following questions.

a. Why do you think these elements will become obsolete?
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b. Do you agree that all the items in the text will disappear in the future?

c. Do you think these predictions will come true?

d. How soon do you think these predictions will take more time
to become real?

Vocabulary e. When do you think these changes will happen in your school?

step. forward movement

2. Read again and match the item with the changes it will suffer. Write
cutting edge. at the latest the number of the item next to the change it may cause.
or most advanced stage
of development; innovative a. Will be replaced by apps on the phone
Language labs
or pioneering
b. Desks
obsolete. no longer produced Students will seat on collaborative tables
or used; out of date
c. Computers
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row. a number of people

d. Teachers with Won’t be practical anymore
or things in a more or less
straight line no knowledge
of technology Will not be attractive to schools
to replace. take the place of

12
 Writing

What will life be like 20-50 years in the future?

Your Thoughts About the Future

Your friend sent you an e-mail to help her with her homework.

FROM
Susana
TO

Hello!
How are you? I was wondering if you can help me with my final
project, please. I have to write a description of how a normal day in
the life of a student, a doctor, an artist and an adult will be in 50 years.
I started with the part of student. Please help me with the others.
“ In 50 years, the life of a student will be completely different. Students
won’t go to school at 7. They will start classes at 9 and they will have

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a different organization at school. Teachers won’t be in front of the
classes all of the time. They will…”
Please, please! help me with my homework.
Xoxo Susana
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Grammar Tip
In your notebook, Reply to the mail and write a 90-word paragraph
After the modals (may, will, can)
where you explain about a day in the life of the following people.
the verb goes in the base form.
• A day in the life of a student in 50 years. For example: I will go to the party.
She will go to the party too.
• A day in the life of a doctor in 50 years.

• A day in the life of an artist in 50 years.

• A day in the life of an adult in 50 years.

Support or deny the following statements with at least 2 ideas for each
argument. Explain why you believe they are true or false.
a. Cash is going to disappear in the future
1

b. People are not going to use ATMs

2
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c. Nobody is going to write in cursive in the future anymore

13
Assessment
Speaking Listening
1 Interview a classmate about their predictions. Ask 2 Listen the following audio about the apps of the
them the following questions and create two of your future. Take notes on what you hear.
own. Take notes.

a. How do you think families will be in the future?

b. Do you think our lives will be very different

in 50 years? Why? How?

c. What will happen in terms of politics in the next

5-20 years?

Pixabay
3 Listen again: Select the most interesting app
d. What other things do you believe will be obsolete mentioned in the audio and explain why you prefer it.
in a decade?
App

Reason 1

e. How do you think technology will change our

Reason 2
lives in the future?

4 Create your own idea for an app. What problem

will it solve? What will it do? How will it work?
Create 2 questions of your own Be prepared to present it in front of the class.

Now share what you learned about your classmate

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with the rest of the class. Do you and your classmates

have a lot in common? What is something new
you learned? Discuss the questions.

14
 Assessment What will I do in the future?
Reading
What are some things you used as a kid but don’t
anymore? As with music, movies and series can be viewed
on platforms such as Netflix so DVDs and
Pay attention to verb tenses, time expressions, and Blu-Ray players will no longer be useful.
1
words you don’t recognize. Write your observations. The same will happen with alarm clocks,
calculators, analog watches, payphones, landlines,
buttons on phones, reference books, checkbooks,
remote controls, car keys, travel agencies,
Things that Will Stay in the Past
textbooks and shopping malls. If technology
There are many things that at some time continues to advance as it has done until today, all
were the most modern but that little by little these artifacts will disappear in the not so distant
have been replaced to become objects and future.
devices of the past. Among the objects that Retrieved from: https://www.businessinsider.com.au/things-that-will-
no-longer-exist-2017-11
will become only part of antique collections
and then will only be in museums, are CDs.
In the future people will stop owning or having Writing
music because everything will be on the phone Write a brief letter (90 words) to your school
2
and on music platforms like Deezer or Spotify. director. Explain what changes there will be in the
House keys will also become obsolete when people future related to schools and education and why
start using cards or codes. There are countries your school should or should not incorporate them.
where this is already a reality. Paper receipts If your school has already incorporated any of these
will become an exception as receipts will arrive changes you can express if you agree or disagree
directly in the mail after purchase. Digital cameras with this decision.
are now rare. Most people have phones that
have cameras, some almost professional. Printed
Vocabulary
magazines and newspapers will no longer be seen
in the waiting rooms, as people will have access 3 Choose 3 phrasal verbs you have seen in this unit
to more up-to-date information and from and write a definition with your own words and an
many more sources within a click. The cables example using it.
for charging phones and headphones will
become useless because we will listen to music
and charge phones wirelessly. People can stop 1
losing important jobs by losing their thumb
drives or USBs because all the information
can be stored in clouds on the network. 2
With the creation of google maps and other apps
on mobile phones that help us to see the routes
interactively, with images and traffic reports,
as well as information about places, paper maps 3
and GPS devices will be things of the past.

I’m completing this self-evaluation based on what I learned in the module.

Self-evaluation I check the box that most applies to me

I do it very I do it I can I can’t do it
Topics well somewhat well improve without help
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I can make predictions using will and won’t .

I can talk about future changes in education using going to and will.
I can express my future plans/ my career election/ study plans using
three forms of future (present continuous/going to/ will).

15
 Project 1
Writing a Horoscope
Every year thousands of people want to know what will happen in their
lives and how the following year will be. Many people believe in horoscopes.

Step 1

Get in groups and create an entire horoscope for the next year for each sign.
There are 12 signs. Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio,
Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, Pisces.

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Step 2
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• In your notebook, write a 20-40 word paragraph for each of 2-3 signs.

• Write predictions related to the following fields.

Sign: Fields

SIGN PROFESSIONAL FIELD

MONEY HEALTH

FRIENDS PROBLEMS

LOVE LIFE GENERAL LUCK

FAMILY SCHOOL

Be prepared to present your work in front of the class.

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Remember to use the future form “will” to make predictions for which you
have no evidence and “Going to” for predictions when you have evidence
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to be sure.

16
 Let's Review

Vocabulary
1 How many of these vocabulary words do you
remember? A

Divination - Household - Subrogation - Pebble - Forecast

- Fortuneteller - Turn out - Clairvoyant - Schedule - Task B
- Reminder - To launch - Disappointed - To release -
Cutting edge
A
Choose three vocabulary words from the list above
and define them in your own words.
B

1 A

2
Reading
3 Can you summarize the advances in education
and family structure in the readings on pages
4 and 12? Write 5 changes in the future from each
page.
3

2
Grammar
2 Work in pairs and create a 2-3 minute dialog 3
dialogue about changes in the future. Use the three
4
forms of the future: present continuous, going to
and will. 5

4
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5
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17
 Lesson C

Communication and Cultural Awareness

What do you know about the future of soccer? What are some ways that soccer could change?

Plans for the World Cup in Quatar 2022

World Fact

The Mystery of the Lost Cup Organizing a world cup is very

If you are a fan of soccer and its important. It represents a great
history, you sure know about expense for the host, but the benefits
the Jules Rimet Cup. Brazil may be greater. In the case of the 2022
won the right to keep the cup World Cup, Qatar hopes that the
in 1970, after becoming the tournament will not only help Quatar,

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world champion for the third but also to the entire Arab community.
time. The trophy was stolen For this reason, they have not hesitated even for a moment
and melted in Brazil. However, the preparation for this event. The main questions are how big will
this was not the first time the the World Cup be? How many people will see the tournament around
Jules Rimet trophy was stolen. the world? What surprises will this World Cup have? What will be
In the 1960s, some thieves the biggest challenges? The 22nd FIFA World Cup will reach billions
stole the trophy in London of people around the world. In addition, the country expects to receive
and a dog named Pickles found 1.5 million visitors. Thirty-two teams will participate in the tournament
it in a garden. and the eight stadiums will be located within a radius of 40 km.
Retrieved from: https://www.guioteca.com/ A surprise of the World Cup will be the start and end date. To avoid
mitos-y-enigmas/cuales-fueron-los-cinco- the intense summer with temperatures that will reach 40ºC, the World
pistoleros-mas-peligrosos-y-legendarios-del-
lejano-oeste/
Cup will begin on November 21st and will end on December
18th, Qatar’s National Day. That is, it will be played in winter.
However, the winter temperatures in Qatar reach around 30
° C. As a result the matches will be played in the evenings.
It is not the first time that Qatar will have hosted a sporting
event, but it has never hosted such a large one. There are
many who question FIFA’s decision and some people who
• What will happen at the
totally reject it. There have been complaints from workers
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next world championships?

Answer the following who build stadiums under the desert sun. In the end, Qatar’s
questions. Ask a classmate promise is that it will be an unforgettable and magnificent
and compare your answers event.
Retrieved from: https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1333942-qatar-2022-5-reasons-why-
• Where will the 2026 soccer their-world-cup-could-be-a-huge-success#slide0
world cup be?

• How will the 2026 World

Cup be? Answer the questions according to the reading.
• What will be the surprises 1. How will the World Cup in Quatar be different from previous
of the 2026 World Cup? tournaments?

2. What are the main main challenges in planning this event?

Vocabulary

to host. to provide the space

and other things necessary 3. Why do you think FIFA chose Qatar as the host of the World Cup?
for a special event Explain.
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to reject. to refuse to accept

complaint. a statement
4. Do you agree or disagree with their decision? Why or why not?
that something is wrong
or not satisfactory

18
 Oral Communication

How do you imagine the future?

Thinking About the Future

Audio
Listen to the dialogue.
1. What will be the future like?

Listen to the following audio about a contest. Decide if the statements

are True(T) or False(F).
a. Only people who speak Russian or English are able Grammar Tip
to participate.
Remember that to talk about
b. The event is about how life will be in 2100. years we use the preposition
“in”. For example: In 2100.
c. Anyone can participate in this contest. The preposition “in” is also used
with the words “past”, “present”
d. The governments of different countries are organizing
and “future”. For example:
this contest.
This will be obsolete in the future
e. Participants can send a science fiction articles?

f. The winners can present their work in front of an audience.

2. Create a hypothesis of how life will be in 2100.

Write a 90-word paragraph. Prepare to present it in front of your class.

Introduction

Ideal 1

Ideal 2
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Ideal 3

Vocabulary

to undergo. to experience
something that involves
a change
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Conclusion
to review. to think or talk
about something again,
in order to make changes to it
or to make a decision about it

19
Reading

Describe what you think the world will be like in 2050. Write down you predictions.

The World in 2050

Before Reading

• Do you believe there are going Scientists already know for sure what will
to be a lot of climate changes happen in the future. Industries will continue
in the future? If so which? to cause many changes.
• Do you think they can be One important change in the future will
reduced? How? be the temperature. Scientists say that by 2050
• What other changes might the planet will have a temperature increase
happen? of 3 to 4º C. It seems like nothing, but it will
have enormous effects on ecosystems. Fr
ee
pik
• Write your ideas in your
notebook. By 2050, the sea level will be 25 centimeters higher.
With higher temperatures, the defrosting process in Antarctica will become
twice as fast. The glaciers are going to melt. This will result in an increase
in the sea level. Another consequence will be the floods. The likelihood
of flooding in coastal towns will rise more than nine times. The economic
Value: Human beings losses will be greater than 50 billion dollars.
and the environment
The growth of the Himalayas will be another change. In 2050 the highest
What can you do to take care mountain range is going to be 165 millimeters higher due to the movement
of the environment in order of the Indian plate below it. The nearby towns are worried about the
to prevent the greenhouse possibility of earthquakes in the area.
effect and other possible
natural disasters? Everyone Eating fruits, and vegetables is going to be difficult. There won’t be
can help with small actions. enough crops to meet world demand. There will be serious consequences
for species such as birds. Scientists say that in 2050, 99% of seabirds will have
Start a list of what you can do eaten plastics.
to help. Compare your predictions about the future with the experts’ predictions.
Were your guesses similar?
Retrieved from: https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/ciencia/investigacion/
el-mundo-en-el-2050-el-futuro-a-ciencia-cierta/
Answer the following
questions.

1. Were your own predictions Match the highlighted words in the text above with the image.
of the future right? How?
2. Is there a way to prevent
the events mentioned
in the text?
3. What is the solution to
these problems?
4. Why is the Paris
Agreement incorrect?

Vocabulary

to defrost. If frozen food

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defrosts, or if you defrost it,

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it becomes warmer and no

longer frozen

twice. two times

20
 Writing

Where will the soccer world championship take place after Qatar 2022?

World Cup 2030

Grammar Tip
As the World Cup location for the 2030 World Cup has already been Modal verbs are special verbs.
chosen on June 13, 2018, no country in Central and North America will be To make negations, we write
able to host the cup in 2026, according to FIFA rules. However, it is not yet the subject + the modal + not +
known who the host country or countries of the 2030 World Cup will be. verb in the base form.
So far, there are two nominations, the joint Uruguay-Argentina-Chile- For example: The matches cannot
Paraguay candidacy, and the individual Moroccan candidacy. be in the morning or evening
because of the heat.

• Which country do you think will be the official headquarters and

why? Do you have another proposal for the place where the 2030
soccer World Cup should be held? Which and why?

• According to the place you choose as host in 2030, make predictions

about how that tournament will take place. What will be the
advantages? What will be the biggest obstacles? In your notebook
write an article of 90 words. Do not forget to use the forms of the
future: will and going to.

Technology in Sports
Sports are a field that does not get rid of technological advances.
Nowadays it is possible to know exactly if a ball fell outside or inside the
tennis court, it does not matter if anybody managed to see it, because
the machines can show with precision where the ball has fallen. Another
sport that has seen impressive changes is soccer. For example, adding the
famous VAR can be very positive, but it takes away a lot of fun. Another
aspect that has changed a lot since the origin of some sports is the uniform.
More dynamic garments are made today to help players to perform in the
best way.

Answer the questions and write your predictions in 7 sentences.

1. What do you think are the changes that sports will suffer in the future? Freepik

2. What will the uniforms, the instruments of the team be like?

3. Do you think the requirements will change for athletes in the future?

4. Do you think there will still be referees, or will they become obsolete? Vocabulary

1
to host. to provide the space
and other things necessary
2 for a special event

headquarter. the place from

3
where an organization is
4 controlled
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proposal. a suggestion for

5
a plan
6 get rid of. to throw something
7
away

21
Language Through the Arts

How different do you think movies in the future will be?

Movies In the Future

World Fact

Changes movie theaters have The cinema industry adapts to changes to keep their clients.
undergone through time. Here are some films about the future and some predictions about
People have laughed, cried and the world of cinema. The film “Minority Report” sets scenarios of how
discovered the world in the justice may predict bad behavior and control humanity in the future.
cinema since the 19th century. “Limitless” is a film that gives a glimpse of how in the future pills may
Cinemas then were way smaller increase our capacities tremendously. On the other hand, referring
than today. Since the 1930s to the film industry, platforms to stream content like Netflix, or Amazon
people could buy snacks at prime have changed the way in which people consume these products.
the movie theater and in the Therefore, production companies such as Warner Bros or Fox may create
50s, people watched movies in their own content platforms or collaborate frequently with established
drive-ins. platforms.
Retrieved from: https://www.cheatsheet.com/ Another aspect that could change in the future is the way series interact
entertainment/movie-theaters-and-cinema-
through-the-decades.html/ with the viewers. Most series about teenagers have unreal dialogues
and adaptations to their “real-life”. In the future, more series will portray
real situations and characters that interact with the spectators as in the
case of the Norwegian series SKAM or Blank that interacted through
social media with the viewers. This format could create a better
bond with the viewers because they participate in an active
Grammar Tip way and not just as spectators.
Retrieved from: https://medium.com/films-from-the-future/films-from-the-future-
To express probability, we use whats-between-the-covers-55872ddaa528Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.com/mundo/
noticias-46212035
the modals “may”, “can” and

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“could”. Modal verbs are not
conjugated and the verb after
a modal is on the base form. 1. How many major changes does the text mention?
For example: We could travel
to another planet in the future.
She may go to the party. 2. Why do you think pop-corn wasn’t important when movie theaters
started?

3. Why do you believe drive-ins aren’t popular anymore?

Do you think there will be

movie theaters in 100 years?
4. What will happen to movie theaters and movies industry in the future?
Make 4 predictions.

1
Vocabulary 2

glimpse. a momentary 3
or partial view
4
to stream. transmit or receive
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data over the internet

as a steady, continuous flow

to bond. join or be joined

securely to something else
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22
 Oral Communication

What is the future of music?

Music in the Future

1. Listen to the following conversation between two friends talking about

Audio
the history of music. According to the dialog, check the name of the
Listen to the dialogue.
person who expresses the following ideas.

Phrase Alex Jimmy None Both Grammar Tip

Idols may be fictional in the Notice how the verb after “will”
future “won’t” and “going to” goes in its
base form.
Idols may be like that Japanese
That is, it is not conjugated.
virtual singer
For example:
I am convinced that virtual idols • She is going to sing.
are going to be popular
• Artist will be different.
Virtual singers may get tired • He won’t see that movie
or bored
Songs in the future may stay more
time on the charts
Real life artists may not stay • Create groups. Half of
as idols for a long time the group will discuss the
advantages of the changes
music industry will see,
2. Listen again and complete the dialogue with the and phrases in the box. the other half will discuss
the disadvantages of the
changes.
may - is going to work - won’t have - are not going to travel-
may be - real - is not going to get - are not going to be • Both groups will debate
and see who has the best
arguments
Alex: Isn’t it amazing that in the future out our ”idols”
not be ? Like in the article, they mentioned that in

the future, singers virtual creations that perform.

Vocabulary
Jimmy: Exactly, like that Japan’s pop star Hatsune Miku. to upload. to copy or move
programs or information
Alex: As a musician do you believe it will work? to a larger computer system
or to the internet
Jimmy: I am sure it based on the case of Japan because
virtual reality. the computer-
it is a technological creation. It tired, bored; it generated simulation
of a three-dimensional image
to develop its personal or romantic life, these or environment
virtual stars for tours. They enterprise. a business
or company
out of tune if they are not programmed to.
to last. to continue to exist
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to develop. grow or cause

In groups. Make a mind map with 5 industries/businesses that will have to grow and become more
changes in the future of another field. Write 5 sentences and present mature, advanced,
your work to your class. or elaborate

23
 Lesson D

Communication and Cultural Awareness

What are some of the college degrees/careers many students want to study? Will they be useful in the future?

What to Study in University

World Fact
1. Make a list of the degree programs you will apply for in the future
Why is it Important and explain why you want to pursue each of them.
to Study Hard at School?
1
It may seem as a matter
of numbers. One point more, 2
one point less, what is the 3
difference? However, school
and especially school grades
will have a great influence Most demanded university careers
on your life in the future. Education opens many doors. Choosing
The average of high school a career is a fundamental decision, but not simple.
grades, plus the final exam There are people who know what they want to
score will allow you to access be, but most don’t. Most people finish high school
a university, if you decide and still don’t know what to study. According to
to study in a university in a trend in recent years, these are the careers most
Ecuador. There are some students applied for nationwide. Are these careers
other options in other among your options? The first is nursing, followed by

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countries like loans or medicine, dentistry, business administration, architecture, law, civil
scholarships. However, grades engineering, social communication, economics, clinical psychology,
are also an important aspect environmental engineering, accounting and auditing, nursing degree,
they consider for admissions. commercial engineering, industrial engineering, veterinary medicine,
Retrieved from: https://www.oxford-royale. mechanical engineering, agronomic engineering and social work.
com/articles/university-admissions-around- The most demanded careers in the technical and technological institutes
the-world.html#aId=e135cacb-6abc-49d9-91b2- are automotive mechanical careers, systems analysis, fashion design,
8f562cb8fa17
and electricity.
There is no minimum grade to get into in public institutions.
The score needed is proportional to the demand for seats for each career.
So, the more students throughout who want to study these careers,
the higher the score must be.
Compare it to a marathon. Anyone can participate in a marathon
without training. However, they will not reach the goal or be even close
to winning. A student may apply with a 400-point mark for medicine,
but will not be in the quota because there will be so many students
who reach a higher score than that. For this reason, it is important
to get good scores on the final exams if you wish to follow any university
career.
Vocabulary Retrieved from: https://educacionecuadorministerio.blogspot.com/2018/02/lista-de-carreras-
universitarias-ecuador-mas-demandadas.html
nationwide. extending
or reaching throughout
a whole nation
2. Why are grades important?
among. being a member
or members of (a larger set)
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3. Do any of the careers on the list belong to your list of possible careers?
quota. a fixed minimum
or maximum number of a
particular group of people
allowed to do something

24
 Oral Communication

What are you going to study in university?

University Decisions
1. Listen to the audio about what to do during the last year of class
and answer the questions. Audio
Listen to the dialogue.
a. What is the situation of each girl?

b. What is the warning Dannya gives Kathy about small universities?

c. What is study the plan of Dannya?

Listen again and correct the following statements about university

career application.

• Danna knows that she wants to study medicine.

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• Kathy has got a clue of what she is going to study next at university.

Grammar Tip
• Kathy’s first university degree option is tourism.
Remember that different modal
verbs have different functions.
Must expresses obligation
2. Match the picture with the career. Write the career under the picture. or prohibition. For example:
You must be careful. “May” “can”
Nursing - Economics - Engineering - Medicine - Clinical and “could” express possibility;
psychology - Architecture - Electricity - Fashion designer For example: You may pass
the exam if you study hard. “Can”
and “Could” express ability or
skill but “can” is less formal. For
example: With a good score, you
can get a place at the university.

Vocabulary
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clue. a sign or some

information that helps you
to find the answer
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to a problem, question,
or mystery

25
Reading
History

Will technology take over the world?

Technology and Jobs in the Future

Before Reading
Over the years, the needs of people change, and companies need
• Do you know anything about to meet those needs. In the future, today’s needs will probably be obsolete.
artificial intelligence? Let’s look at what threatens the employment of humanity in the future.
• Do you believe machines will Many jobs that are done manually will disappear because machines
replace people somehow? will do those jobs faster. Instead of having 100 employees, one single person
• What can we do to prevent will be paid to maintain a machine that does the work of the employees.
an unfavorable situation for Artificial intelligence is taking its first steps and many people, such as drivers
humans against technology? or receptionists, fear being replaced by a machine already. Machines with
artificial intelligence can carry out the tasks of a dermatologist, lawyer,
sports reporters, and even software developers better than humans do.
Global meetings have been held and it is on the agenda of governments,
scientists, and economists to discuss how to prevent an unfavorable
scenario. A change in education is seen as a possible solution to this
problem. Only educated people can be employable and attractive
to companies. Technology would be just the tool to access more and better
education that allows people to change the labor market.
Retrieved from: https://www.pewinternet.org/2017/05/03/the-future-of-jobs-and-jobs-training/
Freepik

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Value: Gender equality

It makes sense for partners

in a household to share 1. In your own words, explain why the future may present an unfavorable
responsibilities. Families situation for humans.
are having fewer children
than in past generations,
and more women are working
as professionals now than ever.
These job changes result in 2. What does take over mean in “Technology may take over humans’ jobs?
changes at home as well.

Think of another consequence 3. Do people all over the world see technology as a serious problem?
of artificial intelligence
replacing humans in different
fields of human’s lives.
How can humans prevent it?
Write a letter to the president
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4. What is a possible solution to this problem and why? Can you think
to explain why this is or is not
of any other solutions?
a concern for you and what
we should do to support
or prevent this situation.

26
 Oral Communication

How do you recognize someone who is going to be great one day? What traits do they have?

Signs of Someone Who Will Make it Big One Day

We all know a person that can achieve exceptional things in life.

“Something big” is relative for each person according to their priorities;
we mean a transcendental person, who leaves a mark. The writer Johnson
Kee made a list of signs to recognize a person who will cause others to be
inspired or motivated to do something or make a decision.
1. Work for long-term results: This person knows that things cannot be
achieved overnight. At least 2 or 3 years on an idea to attract people.

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2. Money is the motivation, not the main objective, but the medium.
People will pay for something that impacts and gives value to their
lives. Successful people take money as recognition and a reward Describe someone you think
for their work. will be successful in the future
and explain how and why?
3. People really matter. Public is not seen as a flock; they are seen as Do they match any of the
individuals. The tastes of the person to whom the product is aimed criteria on the text? Explain it
for are important. in 90 words in your notebook.
4. Constant improvements. A person who will be successful is always
preparing and improving.
5. They surround themselves with similar people. The people around
you them offer opportunities and serve as example and motivation.
Retrieved from: https://medium.com/the-mission/10-signs-you-will-make-it-big-one-day-d732609d63b2

What are other signs of someone who will be great one day.

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What is the meaning of these words? Write a definition in your own

words.

• Exceptional
Vocabulary
• Transcendental

• Long-term flock. a large number of birds

of one kind
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• Overnight
to aim. point or direct at
• Reward a target
• Improvements to surround. be all around

27
Language Through the Arts
History

Will technology be able to create pieces of art such as paintings, sculptures, and music?

Technology and Jobs in the Future

World Fact

The simulation of people’s What will happen to art forms in the future?
intelligence in machines
Ray Kurzweil, the director of engineering at Google has made
or devices is known as
statements about the changes that art will undergo in the future and so
artificial intelligence (AI).
far, he has been correct. His first prediction is that A.I. will create better
The AI is divided into
art than humans will. Computers are already capable of painting pictures,
2 categories, the weak
creating stories or composing music. Kurzweil points out the amazing
or strong. Assistants such as
progress of the machines that a decade ago could not even distinguish
Alexa from Android or Siri
between two figures and are now able to paint a classic in another style.
from Apple are weak AI
because they only do one task What the A.I. still lacks is to be able to make works of art with the
for which they have been same sensitivity as a person and to reach logical conclusions. According
programmed. Strong AI can to Kurzweil, we are today much smarter than we were 20 years ago
carry out more complex tasks thanks to technology. In the future, our communication skills will be
or solve problems without better because our brains will have a connection to the cloud through
the intervention of a human. a chip. We will have access to more language by connecting to the
dictionary. Stories will no longer be simply stories, in the future we will
be able to participate in the stories. Virtual reality will make literature
more realistic when we immerse in them. This may be both good and
bad and it could make our personality much more flexible.
Finally, Kurzweil says that we will be resurrected through avatars,
Summarize what you read thanks to all the information about our personality that we leave in the
about the future of art on cloud such as photographs, emails, letters, diaries, videos, tastes, interests.
a mind map. Retrieved from: https://viva-mundo.com/en/noticia/post/what-motivates-students-study-abroad
Retrieved from: https://www.inc.com/kevin-j-ryan/ray-kurzweil-future-of-
storytelling-sxsw-2017.html

Answer the following questions.

1. How long do you think it will take to get to the point where we can
experience the changes mentioned in the text?
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2. Do you believe that these predictions will come true? Explain

3. What ethical questions do you think artificial intelligence raises?

Vocabulary

statement. a definite or clear

expression of something
in speech or writing
• Imagine you are a software developer and can make A.I. carry out
to lack. the state of being an innovative task. What kind of functions and appearance would
Non-Commercial Licence

without or not having enough you give your creation?

of something
• Write 5 sentences that describe what the AI might do. Then discuss
to resurrect. restore (a dead which ideas would be the most helpful. For example: It will cure
person) to life diseases without cutting open the patient.

28
 Oral Communication

Where will you travel your next vacations?

1. Listen to the audio and match the phrasal verb with the meaning. Write
the number of the phrasal verb next to its meaning. Compare your Audio
answers with your classmates. Listen to the dialogue.
to go and fetch someone from a place
a. Set out and take them somewhere else

b. Check in to increase speed Choose 4 of the phrasal verbs

you heard in the dialogue.
when a plane arrives on an airport In pairs write your own
c. Pick up
2 minutes dialogue in your
to climb on board notebook where the characters
d. Get in use the phrasal verbs.
Be prepared to present it .
to register at a hotel when a plane
e. Look around arrives on an airport

f. Speed up to start a journey

to leave to go somewhere for a break

g. Get away
or holiday

h. Get on to explore what is near you, in your

area

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2. Answer the following questions:

a. Why does the family go to the travel agency?

Grammar Tip

Remember that “will” and “going

b. What does the assistant do to determine where they will travel? to” are used to make predictions.
“Going to” is also for already
made plans and will for more
c. Does Maui fit with all the family’s requirements? Explain. spontaneous decisions. “Will” is
also used to make promises.
For example:
d. Do they know how much the trip will cost? Why? I promise this will be fantastic!

e. What does the assistant promise the kid? Vocabulary

to tan. to become brown

f. What will they be able to see when they climb at Haleakala or browner after exposure
National Park? to the sun

hairpin turn. a sharp U-shaped

curve in a road

astonishing. extremely
surprising or impressive;
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amazing

view. a sight or prospect,

typically of attractive natural
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scenery

29
Assessment
Writing
1 Your friends that live abroad are going to visit you
for the first time and you are going to plan their
vacations. Write a letter (80-90 words) and explain
what they will do during their trip here. Use will
and going to and phrasal verbs.

Introduction

Ideal 1

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Ideal 2

3 Match the word and the meaning

Ideal 3
a. Nourish d. Food supplements

Conclusion
b. Womb e. Undergo

c. Life expectancy f. Preventive

Reading
2 Read the following excerpt. What does it tell you the uterus
about power and evolution? Crime and prisons?
Pharmaceutics? Write down your ideas in your
notebook. experience or be subjected to something

provide with the food or other substances

Health in the future necessary for growth, health, and good
In the future people will be able to live longer. condition
Science will understand better how the body
works. For example, they will already know designed to keep something undesirable from
how the brain works, or how to nourish occurring
ourselves to live in a healthier way. By the
22nd century, people will probably live many a preparation that is intended to supply
hundreds of years. Medicine will not only cure a nutrient
more effectively but will also be preventive
before birth. Babies in the womb will already the average period that a person may expect
undergo health corrections, even the DNA to live
will be altered to cure or correct any error.
With the increase in life expectancy, experts
hope that living conditions will also improve 4 Circle the main idea of the text?
and that jobs won’t affect natural resources,
because there will be the food supplements.
In the future people will live longer
Another prediction is that people will not carry
money or cards anymore. The fingerprint will
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be the only needed signal of identity. These DNA will be modified to make people healthier
and more changes will change humans’ lives
drastically. Medicine in the future will treat and
prevent illnesses

30
 Assessment What will I do in the future?
Listening Speaking

1 Listen to the following audio about the weather 3 Wall-e is a Disney pixar movie that shows a
forecast and determine if each of the following futuristic world. In an important scene Wall-e gives
statements are True(T), False(F), or Not her an old shoe with a plant. Draw the scene and
Mentioned(NM) in the audio. explain the emotion of Eva in the scene and why it
is important.
a. The average temperature
of the country is 7 centigrade.

b. The weather forecast is about

the weather until Friday.

c. The weather forecast is about

the south, north and east
of the country.

d. There will be a lot of sun Do you consider this film realistic? Do you think it
in the south. is a good movie or not? Explain. Who do you think
was the target audience for this movie?
e. There will be many clouds
on Tuesday in the north.
Grammar / Vocabulary

Speaking 4 What other movies, books or songs depict the future

and the differences? Write 2 sentences mentioning
2 Complete the phrases with the correct number. the song or movie and what changes there will be
a. Today, Saturday, March th. according to it.

b. The average temperature is centigrade. Example: According to Futurama, we will travel to space
very fast.
c. Let’s look ahead, your day forecast.

d. In the east of the country, the temperature will

be around centigrade. 1
e. On Tuesday there will be a high of
centigrade in the evening after a cold morning
with a low of centigrade.

f. On Monday it will be partly cloudy with

2
% of humidity, the temperature will feel like
centigrade.

I’m completing this self-evaluation based on what I learned in the module.

Self-evaluation I check the box that most applies to me

I do it very well I do it somewhat I can I can’t do it
Topics well improve without help

I can make predictions about sports using will, going to

and vocabulary related to sports.
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I can explain the future effects of climate change and

environmental damages using future structures.
I can describe technology advances and changes in the
future using will and going to.

31
 Project 2
My Plans For the Future
How will your life be in 10 years?
Grammar Tip
Write your study plan or life plan for the next 10 years.
Remember to use the correct
future tense “will” or “going
to” and the modal verbs
to express possibility.

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• What are you going to do for sure?

• Have you already planned anything?

• What are the possibilities you have if you go for this path?

• Why do you want to study?

• What can you do as a professional in that field?

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Now that you are an expert about future and how to express it.

1. Prepare a survey to know what your classmates’ top 5 preferred

education careers are.
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2. Groups. Ask your group members what they will study and why
and then rank the careers.
3. Create a chart to see the results.
4. Make a collage showing the conclusions.

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