1

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Food delivery has been one of the services people all around the world have

relied on since pandemic, making it one of the essentials. In the country, this service

ranges from takeaway fast food orders to bringing groceries to the doorsteps to stock in

the pantry. It helps people be safe from the threats of COVID-19 outside and also aids

new breeds of entrepreneurs with their latest food business endeavors (Legazpi, 2021).

With that, the food delivery business in the Philippines has grown, amounting to a

total of $1.2 billion in gross merchandise value (GMV) at the end of 2020 with the

overall food delivery sector across Southeast Asia (SEA) enjoying an exponential 183

percent growth in 2020. In a report by venture-capital builder, Momentum Works,

showed that food delivery in SEA reached $11.9 billion in GMV in 2020. This far

exceeds the $4.2 billion industry estimate in 2019, and $2.2 billion tally in 2018. The

2020 GMV estimation by Momentum Works combines on-the-ground sources including

from restaurants, delivery fleets, and other stakeholders (Momentum Works, 2021).

Super app Grab, which recently announced its plans for an initial public offering,

continues to lead the way for the industry, accounting for $5.9 billion or nearly half of the

region’s consolidated GMV. In the Philippines, GrabFood accounted for 56 percent of the

food delivery GMV. Grab said in its announcement to go public that the company is the

category leader for its core verticals. According to a report by Euromonitor, the super app
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accounts for approximately 72 percent of total regional GMV for ride-hailing, 50 percent

of total regional GMV for online food delivery, and 23 percent of regional TPV for

digital

wallet payments in 2020. Momentum Works cited Grab’s super app strategy which

lowers

the cost of acquiring users since it can cross promote its services to multiple consumers

and stakeholders.The company predicts the food delivery growth across SEA to be

sustained with increasing digitization and changes in consumer habits. A wider portfolio

of food items delivered such as groceries and ready-to-cook meals also present an

incremental long term opportunity (Temasek, Bain et. al., 2020).

“Disposable income and offline spending on food and beverage may be low in

SEA; but overall food service spending has been growing with economic growth and

urbanization,” Momentum Works stressed in its report. “With the proliferation of

smartphones, online food delivery spending has been growing healthily. While the

average

food delivery order is lower in SEA compared to other regions, this can be offset by high

volumes and density.” (Temasek, Bain et. al., 2020).

The Singapore-based firm likewise underscored the importance of improved

infrastructure and localization to SEA’s food delivery success.

“Most of the food delivery sales are generated in megacities today,” it added. “As

platforms scale outside of megacities and into smaller towns, they’ll have to adapt to

variations in infrastructure maturity, affluence, and digital readiness.” (Temasek, Bain et.

al., 2020).
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There is no doubt that Filipinos are food lovers—anywhere you look, food

businesses are thriving, offering various kinds of both foreign-influenced and authentic

Filipino food. From Filipino restaurants to fast-food chains to sidewalk eateries and street

food vendors, it is evident that the food business industry in the Philippines will never

stop growing. It has become a very significant part of the country’s economic growth,

even more so now that food delivery services have spread abound and rated with great

feedback. On-demand food delivery application advancement is making buzz after

services of Uber Eats. Mobile applications are a basic piece of our lives, we can use

applications while business, traveling, entertainment, and ordering food. There was a

time when individuals need to go outstation to eat something tasteful, however now they

can do likewise on fingertips (IIH Global, 2020).

On-demand food delivery application advancement is making buzz after services

of Uber Eats. Mobile applications are a basic piece of our lives, we can use applications

while business, traveling, entertainment, and ordering food. There was a time when

individuals need to go outstation to eat something tasteful, however now they can do

likewise on fingertips (IIH Global, 2022). It's extremely cool to experience on-demand

applications like uber food delivery apps since they are quick, advantageous, and

receptive to clients. As the market share for uber for the food delivery app is expanding

every day, each business owner endeavors to put resources into this. Making a food

delivery application can be productive however it isn't as simple as it appears. As

referenced, uber food delivery app market share coming to on top, in this way, the

challenge additionally on the look. There are many built-up mobile applications in the

market, for example, Uber Eats, GrubHub, DoorDash in the USA, and applications like
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Swiggy, Zomato in India. So to beat the challenge, you have to offer a bonus (IIH Global,

2022).

Most important characteristics of food delivery apps according to IIH Global

studies 2022:

Payments are the most significant piece of any food business, from an

entrepreneur's point of view. It will, in general, be the last piece of the order placement

also. If a client faces any issues during his payment processing or sees any obscure

components, he won't attempt to pay for the third time. So making the payment procedure

exceptionally effective and simple to utilize, a client must have all the payment options

accessible in the market recorded in the On-Demand Food Delivery App for your

business (IIH Global, 2022).

For saving time, an On-Demand uber Food Delivery App must show all the

significant things to clients when they open the application. The On-Demand Food

Delivery App must be sufficiently smart to minister a fascinating list of products

dependent on clients' location, age, gender, time and order history. Social media sign in

and profile creation will assist gain with getting to clients' age and gender. GPS

usefulness will help get the location data of the client. So these two features must be

consolidated into your On-Demand Food Delivery App. With coordinated artificial

intelligence (AI) the application can be increasingly precise at foreseeing these things

(IIH Global, 2022).

Saving money is progressively significant for clients to return to your application.

If you offer them a decent deal, promotion codes, reward points, seasonal offers and
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dependability extra, clients will unquestionably return. The informal exchange will build

the growth and retention of clients (IIH Global, 2022).

The main thing you see when you open the UberEats is its perfect and intuitive

user interface (UI). The UI is the piece of the application through which clients associate

with the application and request services. So it is viewed as the absolute most significant

component of the application for its prosperity. If the UI is clunky or requires significant

investment in loading, the client experience will be obstructed. Over half of clients won't

open the application the next time if their first-time experience isn't great. Also, over 80%

of clients won't give an application the third possibility if they don't discover what they

need in two endeavors (IIH Global, 2022).

One of the exceptional features of UberEats is its order scheduling office. You

can order food well ahead of time. You can book your meal seven days ahead of time

utilizing UberEats. This is especially convenient when a client wouldn't like to sit around

idly order something very similar over and over. He can order the food for a whole week

in a couple of clicks utilizing an On-Demand Food Delivery App like UberEats. That will

without a doubt develop your business and retention ratio will be incredible also. Repeat

order option and a single click ordering will likewise support your business and improve

the user experience (UX) (IIH Global, 2022).

GPS services are currently accessible into fundamental element telephones also.

So, all the mobile phone clients expect GPS tracking office for their On-Demand Service

App. It is particularly sought after for On-Demand Food Delivery App as clients

consistently check the status of delivery when they have cravings for food. real-time GPS
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following of conveyance is certainly not a novel element of UberEats as the greater part

of the On-Demand Food Delivery Apps like Doordash and Grubhub offers it. However,

UberEats offers it with flawlessness (IIH Global, 2022)

According to (BrandRap, 2021), in the Food & Beverage (F&B) landscape, no

restaurant owner is assured a win amid the highly competitive nature of the industry. And

with the pandemic initially halting operations, restaurants were forced into an even

tougher challenge of surviving the unexpected . Despite these challenges, however, it

soon seemed that not all hope was lost for small and medium food businesses. Despite

many competing brands and changes in customer habits, online food deliveries helped

provide businesses another avenue to reach customers. While the online food delivery

industry was already rising even before the pandemic, the shift from offline to online

accelerated further when Filipinos were forced to stay at home. Since then, online food

delivery services have become a way of life.

As mentioned, and as you probably notice all around you – the food delivery

industry is booming these days. In the future, since outsourcing logistics is usually more

cost-efficient, full-stack model businesses (mentioned above) or restaurants that deliver

food on their own may become techier and turn to new food delivery players (Franchise

Manila, 2021).

The eServices market segment Online Food Delivery contains the user and

revenue development of two different delivery service solutions for prepared meals:

(1)Restaurant to-Consumer Delivery and (2) Platform-to-Consumer Delivery. Revenue

includes the gross merchandise value (GMV) which is defined as the total sales dollar
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value for merchandise/food sold through the Online Food Delivery marketplace (Statista,

2021).

Online Food Delivery comprises services which deliver prepared meals and food

that was ordered online for direct consumption. The Restaurant-to-Consumer Delivery

segment includes the delivery of meals carried out directly by the restaurants. The order

may be made via platforms (e.g. Delivery Hero, Just Eat) or directly through a restaurant

website (e.g. Domino's) (Statista, 2021).

The Platform-to-Consumer Delivery market segment focuses on online delivery

services that provide customers with meals from partner restaurants that do not

necessarily have to offer food delivery themselves. In this case, the platform (e.g.

Deliveroo) handles the delivery process (Statista, 2021).

In the Philippines, supply chain integration is generally considered to involve

integration, coordination, and collaboration across organizations and throughout the

supply chain. Supply chain integration does not only involve suppliers, customers, and

firms participating in production and distribution of products but effective integration

involves mutual understanding, a common vision, shared resources and achievement of

goal. It is crucial for restaurants to achieve high level of customer satisfaction and this

can be achieved through superior customer service. Undoubtedly, the success of a

restaurant business depends on superior service quality, value and customer’s satisfaction

(Chow et al., 2020).

Accoding to (Pigatto et al., 2018), good customer service creates experiences that

can meet customer expectations. Across the Philippines, online orders of food delivery
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(OFD) orders are growing rapidly 8 because convenience is coupled with the ease of

access afforded by the ubiquity of mobile 10 Internet devices . This rapid growth of

online food delivery services. new and powerful intermediaries into the food industry

(e.g., just-eat.com, 13 clickdelivery.com, foodpanda.com, UberEATS). These business

platforms provide order services, payment, and monitoring of the process but are not

necessarily responsible for the food preparation and order delivery operations.

Since the pandemic began in the country last 2020, Filipinos have resorted to

websites, applications and companies that offer online and delivery services—be it for

groceries, foods, parcels, and etc.. It is more convenient, safe and alleviates the risk of

people to get infected by the virus. People are making the most out of the advancement of

modern technologies during the quarantine—just clicking a way in their cellular phones

or tablets their orders and it’ll be right out of their doorsteps after a while. Thus, the

emergence of such companies offering these services. These delivery companies have

helped tons of people, rather giving a lot of riders the opportunity to have an income

during the peak of quarantine. FoodPanda's managing director, Daniel Marogy even

mentioned in an interview that since the lockdown, their company’s rider count increased

by four times and does not expect the demand to massively fall even after the ease of

lockdowns (Ibañez, 2021). Although risking their lives to contact the Covid-19 virus,

these riders took this rising demand of delivery service to be able to provide for their

family. As aforementioned, many delivery applications have emerged during the last year

such as Pick.A.Roo and Toktok PH, alongside the known companies of Grab and

FoodPanda—offering a wide range of deliverables (e.g. food, groceries, and parcels). As

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the online selling and delivery market widens, it is important for consumers to be vigilant

and careful of what they’re using considering the different factors such as security and

safety, customer service, and etc. This study aims to help the consumers to have an

awareness of the various factors they must take into account before using an application,

specifically food delivery applications. Aside from that, this study will inform the

consumers of the companies, particularly the leading application they must rely on such

services. Lastly, the knowledge of the readers and consumers with the aid of this study

would help delivery companies improve their services for a better experience and

satisfaction of their customers.

Good customer service creates experiences that can meet customer expectations.

It produces satisfied customers. Bad customer service causes disappointments and

generates complaints. It can result in lost sales, because consumers most probably will

switch to the competitors. Good customer service involves developing good bonding with

customers, hopefully leading to good and long term relationships. It creates advantages

for both customers and the business alike. Customers benefit because the business is

providing a service that meets their needs. Affected with the new normal, the restaurants

and fast-food chains have been facing different dilemmas caused by the pandemic:

decreased sales due to the virus scare; lesser customer capacity; additional costs due to

procurement of protective equipment; increased unemployment rate; shortage or surplus

of supplies, etc. (SGS Philippines, 2020). With all these problems at hand, the said

establishments either resorted to temporary or permanent closures or offered food

delivery services (Lucas, 2020). To remain competitive in the market during the COVID-
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19 outbreak, food establishment owners need to introduce new services (i.e., online food

delivery ordering services).

In the Philippines, most major fast-food chains remained open for dine-in and

take-out, though they utilized strict sanitation and social distancing measures. According

to Go (2018), in his interview with the general manager for contact center and food

delivery of Max's Group Inc., Iceal Penalosa, it is difficult to determine how massive the

Philippines' online food delivery industry is. Though almost 8 million people in the

Philippines used online food delivery services in 2018, the food delivery businesses were

worth around 11 million. These proved that online food delivery had shown an increase

in demand with the emergence of numbers of food delivery applications and some of

which have shown some great popularity, particularly in the Philippines, some of which

are Foodpanda Philippines, Lalafood, Grab Food, and Zomato PH (Matt, 2020). These

online food delivery companies existed before the COVID-19 pandemic, thus the need

for Food. At the same time, most restaurants and shops had shut down during the crisis,

the list of individual online food delivery businesses will not stop. It was evident when

the Angkas app, known for its motorcycle taxi services, also launched its food delivery

application, Angkas Food, to help riders earn amidst the community quarantine (Malasig,

2020). Therefore, even though people cannot visit their favorite restaurants or shops,

foods from these restaurants can still be served in their respective homes. However, these

possibly create additional competition for the online delivery companies and their

employees. Many have then lessened their delivery rates, and some have even engaged in

free deliveries. According to the website article published by Ines (2020), many online
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platforms have also chosen to decrease or at least reduce their delivery fees to make them

more available to those who need them. Thus, in the first week of quarantine, LalaFood

has lowered the delivery charge to P20 only while the company also gave customers a

discount code. On the other hand, Foodpanda also announced its free delivery program as

the community quarantine began.

According to Ezman food delivery, Ezman is a fast-growing all around delivery

solutions provider that launched in early 2019 in Dagupan City, Pangasinan. Proudly a

local prioneer in the province, Ezman was established to offer an offordable and

convenient solution to give customers and local businesses what they want and deliver

them straight to their doorstep. Ezman offers its services in over 30 locations across

Pangasinan, with several plans of expansion coming soon.

Also according to the Taxikel Delivery from Lingayen, Pangasinan they can

delivered to the home and workplace from neighborhood favorites or places nearby

towns. Affordable and trustworthy delivery service for whenever you need to send

packages or documents within your town or province. Therefore Taxikel is a

conversational on demand delivery and errand service for rural areas.

According to Tepay Arciaga one of the customer of Unla San Carlos , Unla San

Carlos services are very good. Easy to talk to their team. Start with enquiries untl

delivery. Her request were really fulfilled. The rider is responsive and kind. Also reliable

and accommodating to all needs and requests of their customers they’re not bank but tag

line fits “they find ways” from Glades Tira.

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Significance of the Study

The food delivery business is one of the vital contributors to the on-demand

industry. No one should skip a meal just because they are busy or not able to cook. This

was the main agenda for the service to be evolved.

While the online food delivery industry was already rising even before the

pandemic, the shift from offline to online accelerated further when Filipinos were forced

to stay at home. Since then, online food delivery services have become a way of life.

Food is a big part of our culture, and online food delivery opened a world of endless

possibilities for us food-loving Filipinos. Now, any food craving can be satisfied with just

a few taps on your phone (Camacho, 2021).

There are lots of online food delivery options available these days. That is why

the competition in the online restaurant niche has gone fierce. In the vastly diluted market

of online food delivery services, only the services with great qualities stand out, and are

successful.

At the onset of the pandemic, movement was much more limited—even for a

delivery service like us. But that challenge is what motivated us to find solutions to how

we can provide Filipinos their cravings and essentials. Aside from customers who needed

safe and convenient access to their essentials, we also had our delivery, driver, and

merchant-partners to think of – and how we can continue to provide them with income

opportunities (Bautista, 2021).

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Theoretical Framework

Learner-centered curriculum and instruction have been shown to increase

academic rigor and authentic learning. Constructivism, the theoretical basis for the use of

social media in instruction, focuses on the learner, who actively participates in creating

meaning and understanding (Reid-Martinez & Grooms, 2018, 2021). In this study, the

concept of connectivism and constructivism were introduced to understand how internet

technologies such as web browsers, search engines, wikis, online discussion forums, and

social networks contributed to new avenues of learning. On the other hand, Connectivism

Theory relies on understanding learning in a digital age. Collaborative digital tools in

instruction shift the focus of learning from a passive, teacher-centered environment to an

active, student-centered environment (Reid-Martinez & Grooms, 2018, 2021).

You might think that food delivery businesses have a uniform business model, but

that’s far from reality. There are quite a few different business models for this sector.

Here’s a short break-down of the most popular models (Statista, 2021):

Platform to Consumer Model: In this model, your business will be listing

restaurants that are close to the location of your customer. This is usually done with a

website or mobile app. The client can then order from your partner restaurants and have

the food delivered by your drivers or by the restaurant. This model charges between 20%

to 30% from each order, and sometimes also a delivery cost (Statista, 2021).
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Restaurant to Consumer Model: In this case, a restaurant or a franchise of

restaurants decides to provide food delivery on its own. The best examples for this are

chains like Jollibee or McDonalds, who operate their own food delivery platforms. In

some cases, a restaurant that has its own delivery service also partners with a third-party

food delivery business. This is done when the restaurant wants to cover areas or regions

where it doesn’t reach with its own drivers (Statista, 2021).

The Full-Stack Model: According to this model, starting a food delivery business

will mean that you’ll be doing everything on your own. In other words, you’ll be cooking

the food, buying the vehicles, hiring the drivers, and maintaining the website or app. In

most cases of this business model, there’s a big kitchen (or a few), where dining is not

possible, so the food is delivered only. Since the rent for a kitchen is much cheaper, the

food prices can be lowered to be more competitive in the market. If you manage to get

enough clients and manage the whole operation, this model is usually more profitable.

The reason for this is simple: You control the whole value chain (Statista, 2021).

Conceptual Framework

The aim of this paper is to provide an exploratory analysis of the efficiency of the

leading fast food delivery services in Binalonan including the issues and problems that

users are experiencing. To do so, we adapted the five main categories to measure the

effectiveness of a food delivery service and we compare them with the findings from an

online survey including the names of the fast food chain to be studied.
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The participants who have already used all of the leading fast food delivery

services provided, were asked to assess the delivery services based on their experience. In

particular, they were asked to assign at least one preferred value proposition that

characterize these services among the following: (1) Economically Accessible (give easy

payment options, have curated promotions and deals); (2) Delivery Speed (have real-time

tracking of delivery); (3) Flexibility (scheduled delivery, easy ordering); (4) Simplicity to

use (Intuitive and easy user interface); and, (5) Reliability and Trustful relation with

courier (chat or call support) (Reid-Martinez & Grooms, 2018, 2021).

This current study which focuses on the effectiveness of food delivery of fast food

chain in Binalonan shall utilize the Input-Process-Output (IPO) framework.

The input variables of the present study are the following; profile of the

respondents (age, sex, number of times ordering through food delivery in a week) and the

values of each of the five categories used in assessment of the food delivery of fast food

chains in Binalonan.

In this study, descriptive survey method shall be used to collect quantifiable

information. Survey questionnaire is the main data gathering tool or the research

instrument. And the output of the study will be an action plan to improve the usage and

maximization of fast food delivery in Binalonan.

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The research paradigm of the study is presented on the Figure 1.1

INPUT PROCES OUTPUT

1.Profile of the
Action Plan to
respondents (sex,
-Descritive improve the
number of times
Survey Method usage and
ordering through
shall be used. maximization of
food delivery in a
food delivery of
week.
fast food chain in
2. Values of each Binalonan.
of the five
categories use in -Survey
assessment of the questionnaire as
fast food delivery data gathering
in Binalonan. instrument.
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Figure 1.1 Research Paradigm

Objectives of the Study

This study is primarily concerned in finding out the effectiveness of food delivery

of fast food chains in Binalonan.

This study was conducted in University of Eastern Pangasinan with the

respondents of BSHM students, staff and faculties who have ordered through fast food

delivery.

The profile of students-respondents was categorized in terms of personal attribute

which includes sex and weekly average time spent ordering through fast food delivery.

Statement of the Problem

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This research study was conducted to investigate the level of effectiveness of

food delivery of fast food chain in Binalonan.

Specifically, this study answered the following questions:

1. What are the profile of respondents in terms of:

a. Age; and

b. Sex

2. What is the average number of times the respondents order through fast food

delivery per week?

3. What is the level of effectiveness of food delivery of fast food chains in

Binalonan in terms of;

a. Economically Accessible

b. Delivery Speed

c. Flexibility

d. Simplicity to use

e. Reliability and Trustful relation with courier

4. What measures can be proposed to improve the food delivery of fast food chain in

Binalonan?
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CHAPTER 2

DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methods and procedures used in gathering, analyzing,

and interpreting the data needed for this study. It also includes ethical considerations and

the data collection process. This chapter also presents the description of the research

process. It provides information concerning the method that was used in undertaking this

research as well as a justification for the use of this method.

Research Design
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Descriptive research aims to accurately and systematically describe a population,

situation or phenomenon. It can answer what, where, when, and how question, but not

why question. Three main types of descriptive studies are case studies, naturalistic

observation and surveys but we are going to use survey only.

The descriptive correlation method will be used to determine the level of

effectiveness of social media as a learning delivery tool for fourth-year BSHM students

of the University of Eastern Pangasinan

This is a quantitative research study using a questionnaire survey that will do

online owing to the COVID-19 pandemic rather than giving paper copies to students on

campus. The online questionnaire survey is used in a descriptive study design to collect

data on the influence of online learning on communication.

Population and Locale of the Study

There are 300 total respondents of this study from hospitality management

students at University of Eastern Pangasinan currently enrolled for the current academic

year.

Data Gathering Tools

The researchers prepared a self-constructed questionnaire as a tool in gathering

data in the study. The Questionnaire is composed of two (2) parts.

The first part required basic information of the respondents sex and age, how

many times per week they order food delivery on each of the leading fast food chains in
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Binalonan. The second part is focused on the effectiveness of effectiveness of food

delivery of fast food chains in five respective categories. The respondents shall provide

their thoughts in relation to the categories provided based on their actual delivery

experience. The second and third part used Likert scale to determine the level of

agreement or disagreement of the respondents on the five respective categories to assess

the effectiveness of service.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers asked permission from the Dean of the College of Hospitality

Management and the University of Eastern Pangasinan to administer the questionnaire to

the target respondents. Questionnaires are sent in a private message through Google

forms link to the respondents during their free time. The respondents answered the online

survey on the convenience of their own devices. The researchers clearly stated the

purpose of the study to the respondents. Furthermore, the researcher also explained that

the respondents will benefit from the study and confidentiality is properly observed.

All results are carefully prepared on a tally sheet provided on the Google form as

a form of documentation. The tally sheets are evaluated and explained further on the

results and discussion of the proceeding chapter. The panelists are added as collaborators

for the transparency of the results.

Treatment of Data
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Here are the statistical tools that are being used in solving the research problems:

to answer problem number one, two and three, the researchers used frequency count and

percentage to determine the profile of the respondents.

For problem number one and two, the researchers used a weighted mean to

determine the level of effectiveness of of food delivery of fast food chains in Binalonan.
n

∑ ❑ wi X i
i=1
W= n

∑ ❑w i
i=1

Where:

W = weighted average/mean

n = number of terms to be averaged

w i = weights applied to x values

X i = data values to be averaged

The responses are assigned a value of 4, 3, 2, and 1, respectively. The results of the 4-

point Likert scale is presented in a table. The mean of the results is interpreted using the

table below:

Rating Range Descriptive Equivalence Interpretation

The level of effectiveness of
4 3.26-4.00 Highly Effective
food delivery of fast food
chains in Binalonan is
Highly Effective.

The level of effectiveness

of food delivery of fast
3 2.51-3.25 Effective food chains in Binalonan
is Effective.
 23

The level of effectiveness

of food delivery of fast
2 1.76-2.50 Least Effective food chains in Binalonan is
Least Effective.

The level of effectiveness

1 1.00-1.75 Not Effective
of food delivery of fast
food chains in Binalonan
is Not Effective.

To answer problem number one and two, the t-test is used to determine the degree

of effectiveness of food delivery of fast food chains in Binalonan across the respondents’

profile variables. Microsoft Excel and/or SPSS are used to compute the results of the

study.

Ethical Consideration

The research team will be abided in the Republic Act No. 10173 also known as

the Privacy Act of 2012 an act protecting the individual in information and

communication system in the government and the private sector, creating for the purpose

a national privacy commission, and for other purposes.

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The respondent's responses to the questionnaire will be treated with utmost

confidentiality.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bautista, Anton (2021). These Rising Food Businesses Share Secrets in Surviving the

Pandemic.

https://www.rappler.com/brandrap/finance-and-industries/rising-food-businesses-

share-secrets-surviving-covid-19-pandemic/
 25

BrandRap (2021). These Rising Food Businesses Share Secrets in Surviving the

Pandemic.

https://www.rappler.com/brandrap/finance-and-industries/rising-food-businesses-

share-secrets-surviving-covid-19-pandemic/

Camacho, Greg (2021). These Rising Food Businesses Share Secrets in Surviving the

Pandemic.

https://www.rappler.com/brandrap/finance-and-industries/rising-food-businesses-

share-secrets-surviving-covid-19-pandemic/

Franchise Manila (2021). A Short Guide to Starting a Food Delivery Business.

https://franchisemanila.com/2020/10/a-short-guide-to-starting-a-food-delivery-

business/

IIH Global (2020). Transportify: Food Business Delivery Service (Rated 4.8 Stars).

https://www.transportify.com.ph/food-business-delivery-service/

IIH Global (2022). Top 5 Most important Characteristics of food Delivery Apps Like

UberEat.

https://www.iihglobal.com/blog/food-delivery-apps-like-ubereats/

Legaspi, John (2021). This service tops Philippines’ food delivery business.

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business/

Momentum Works (2021). A Report on Venture-Capital of Restaurants,

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Reid-Martinez, K., & Grooms, L. D. (2021). Constructivism in 21st century online

learning. In M.