CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
Objectives of the Ministry
The Ministry of Labour and Employment is responsible for laying down policies in respect of labour matters including industrial relations, co-operation between labour and management, settlement of labour disputes, regulation of wages and other conditions of work and safety, women labour and child labour, labour welfare, social security etc. besides, development and administration of employment service and training of craftsmen on national basis. The implementation of the policies in regard to the above matter is the responsibility of the State Governments subject to control and direction of the Central Govt. except in the case of labour employed in Railways, Mines, Oilfields, Banking and Insurance Companies having branches in more than one State, major Ports and Central Government Undertakings where the Cent ral Government retains the reponsibilities in labour matters including employment and training and tenders technical advice as and when necessary.

Functions
To Promote harmonious relations between labour and management and to regulate wages and other conditions of work in the central sphere. To ensure speedy implementation of labour law awards, agreements, Code of Discipline etc. for improving industrial relations, with regard to units in which central Government is the appropriate Government. To conduct evaluatory studies of implementation of labour laws, industrial relations, personnel policies and practices etc., in Public Sector Undertakings. To regulate working conditions and safety in mines and factories. To prepare ground work for the formulation of National Wage Policy and maintain data on wages, all allowances and other related matters. To collect and publish statistics to conduct enquiries, surveys and research studies on various labour subjects. To conduct programmes relating to employment potential of scheduled caste and scheduled tribe candidates through Coaching-cum-Guidance Centres.
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To provide amenities to workers employed in the mining industry and beedi manufacturing. To assist in rehabilitation of bonded labour. To provide welfare measures for certain sections of the unorganised labour. To undertake training, education, research and consultancy service in the field of industrial relations and labour in general. To educate all sections of workers for their intelligent participation in social and economic development of the nation. To monitor the running of social security schemes viz Employees Provident Fund Organisation and Employees State Insurance Corporation. Policy framework for National Employment Service, Implementation of National Vocational Traning Programme.

Organisational set up
The objectives are sought to be achieved by the main Ministry through its attached and subordinate offices and autonomous bodies. The important offices and organisations under the Ministry are listed below :1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Directorate General of Employment and Training. Organisation of the Chief Labour Commissioner (Central). Directorate General of Factory Advice Service and Labour Institute. Directorate General of Mines Safety. Directorate General of Labour Bureau. Central Government Industrial Tribunals. Offices of Labour Welfare Commissioners. Employees' Provident Fund Organisation. Employees' State Insurance Corporation Central Board for Workers Education. V.V. Giri National Labour Institute. Board of Arbitration (JCM)

List of Major Programmes/schemes implemented by the Ministry, its Mandate, Goals & policy
1. RESEARCH AND STATISTICS
Labour Bureau has made a significant contribution in the field of collection, compilation and dissemination of statistics on different aspects of labour as well as in compilation & maintenance of Consumer Price Index (CPI) Numbers for different categories of workers. It also carries out studies and surveys on labour related matters. The Bureau also renders necessary assistance to a number of Central Agencies as well as to the States for conducting training programmes in (i) Labour Statistics at State/District/Unit levels as well as on (ii) CPI Numbers. In addition, it brings out a number of both regular and ad-hoc publications.

The important activities of the Bureau, inter-alia, include: 1. Compilation and maintenance of the Consumer Price Index Numbers for a) Industrial Workers; b) Rural Labourers and (c) Agricultural Labourers; and also Retail Price Indices for selected essential commodities in rural & urban areas; and Wage Rate Index. Review of the implementation of the various labour laws enacted for the protection and welfare of working class by collecting returns as prescribed under the Statutes as also on voluntary basis and presenting them in an analytical form on regular basis. Planning and conducting surveys and empirical studies on regular/ad hoc basis with a view to study various aspects of problems and aspirations of workers in rural/ agricultural sectors and other segments of workers engaged in organised and unorganised sectors. Imparting training with a view to improve the response and quality of Labour Statistics. Dissemination of Labour statistics by bringing out regular publications such as, The Indian Labour Journal (Monthly), The Indian Labour Statistics (Annual), The Indian Labour Yearbook (Annual), Pocket Book of Labour Statistics (Annual) and Reviews of various labour enactaments as well as other ad-hoc publications/ survey reports. Consumer Price Indices:

2.

3.

4. 5.

(I)

Labour Bureau compiles and maintains the following series of Consumer Price Index Numbers (CPI) every month.
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a) b)

Consumer Price Index Numbers for Industrial Workers on base 2001=100 in respect of 78 selected industrial centres and All-India. Consumer Price Index Numbers for Rural and Agricultural labourers on base 1986-87=100 in respect of 20 States and All-India.

(c) On the basis of price data collected for compilation of Consumer Price Index Numbers for Industrial Workers on base 2001=100, Labour Bureau compiles monthly Retail Price Indices for 31 selected commodities in urban areas for 78 selected centres every month. (d) The Wage Rate Indices (base 1963-65=100) in respect of 21 selected industries have been finalised upto the year 2002. The collection/processing of data and compilation of Indices for the years 2003 and 2004 is in progress. (II) Occupational Wage Survey:

The Occupational Wage Surveys (OWS) aim at providing occupation-wise data on employment, wage rates and earnings of industrial workers in selected industries, studying intra-industry and inter-industry wage differentials, evaluation of the Equal Remuneration Act, 1976, etc. Besides, statistics on occupation-wise employment and wage rates, component wise data on earnings are also generated through this survey. The data on employment and wage rates, inter-alia, serve the base for compilation of Wage Rate Index Numbers. (III) Socio Economic Surveys of Different Segments of Labour:

The scheme has four components viz. the studies on the (i) Socio-economic Conditions of Women Workers in Industries, (ii) Survey of Working and Living Conditions of Workers engaged in Unorganised Sector industries/employments, (iii) Survey of Working and Living Conditions of Labour belonging to Scheduled Castes/ Scheduled Tribes Communities and (iv) All India studies on the Evaluation of the Implementation of the Minimum Wages Act, 1948. (IV) Annual Survey of Industries-Extension to Sample Sector (Factories)

The collection of labour statistics under the Annual Survey of Industries (Sample Sector of Factories) envisages collection of statistics on Absenteeism, Labour Turnover, Earnings, Employment and Labour Cost. The factories not covered under Census Sector are covered on sample basis under the Sample Sector. The Standing Committee on Industrial Statistics has recommended that the Scope of ASI be extended to all the factories registered under Section 85 of the Factories Act, 1948. Majority of these units come under the purview of Sample Sector.
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(V)

Rural Labour Enquiry

Rural Labour Enquiry (RLE) is intended to collect and analyze data on quinquennial basis on various socio-economic aspect s viz., Employment & Unemployment, Consumption Expenditure, Indebtedness and Wages & Earnings of rural and agricultural labourers. The RLE is also aimed at throwing up data on household consumption expenditure of the rural/agricultural labourers for drawing weighting diagrams for updating of the series of Consumer Price Index Numbers for Agricultural and Rural Labourers. Objective/Scope of the Scheme The main objectives of the scheme are: (I) To provide up-to-date serial data for building up of reliable estimates of important socio-economic characteristics of Rural Labour in general and Agricultural Labour in particular. The data collected under the enquiries pertain to demographic structure, extent of employment & unemployment, wages and earnings, household consumption expenditure and indebtedness, etc. (ii) To provide data on consumption expenditure for the purpose of derivation of weighting diagram for updating the series of CPI Numbers separately for Agricultural and Rural Labourers which serve as a guiding factor in the fixation and revision of minimum wages in the scheduled employments in rural areas under the Minimum Wages Act, 1948. (iii) To collect, compile and publish wage rate data in respect of 18 agricultural and non-agricultural occupations. These data are of immense use for drawing up appropriate policies and programmes for conducting cost studies and for estimating the National/State income. (VI) Modernisation of Machine Tabulation Unit

Objectives/Scope of the Scheme The scheme "Modernisation of Machine Tabulation Unit" aims at Computerisation of all the schemes of Labour Bureau to ensure expeditious dissemination of data with the minimum possible time lag and to facilitate analysis of a number of characteristics taken together. All the on-going schemes would be taken up for computerisation in phased manner. There has always been a demand for timely and expeditious release of data. The Computer Unit strives to achieve this aim through designing user friendly software in respect of different schemes, tabulation of voluminous data, training to officers and staff members in the use of computers and constant efforts to update the hardware, software etc. in the Labour Bureau. Further, the Computer unit has also
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undertaken the implementation of 12 point E-Governance Agenda finalised by the High Powered Committee of the Govt. of India. Computer Unit is also maintaining the Website of Labour Bureau, which needs regular updation of Labour Statistics data. Vision Statement : To make Bureau a paperless office with t he use of "Information and Communication Technology", PCs are to be installed in Bureau upto EO level to make available each and every information on Bureau's website. (VII) Labour & Employment Statistical System :(New Scheme) From the financial Year 2008-09 all the above schemes of Labour Bureau have been merged in the scheme Labour & Employment Statistical System. (a) Objectives of the Scheme

The objectives of the scheme are to enhance the relevance of work being done by the Bureau and to increase the capacity of the organisation to meet the challenges of liberalised economic and global forces. The scheme involves updation of the bases of CPI-IW, CPI-AL/RL and WRI, creation of infrastructural facilities, human resources development and improvement in the existing system of labour and employment statistics to capture the current economic and social scenario and ensure timely delivery and quality of labour statistics. It would also meet the objectives of E-Governance through Management of Information System (MIS). (b) Corresponding Outcomes i. Updating the Base of Consumer Price Index Numbers for Industrial Workers from 2001=100 to 2010=100 ii. Updating the base of Consumer Price Index Numbers for Agricultural and Rural Labour from 1986-87=100 to 2004-05==100. iii. Updating the base of Wage Rate Index Numbers from 1963-65=100 to 200607=100. iv. Improvement in Labour Statistics. v. Human Resource Development. vi. Creation of Management Information System vii. Creation of Infrastructural Facilities - Office Building etc. (c) Policy issues & Possible options. In a fast changing and growing economy like India, organisations become obsolete and outdated if they do not restructure, readjust and change according to the external environment. Labour Bureau is at present facing challenges posed by dynamics of various national and global forces. It can respond to the stimuli by building its capacity
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which further leads to elevate the motivation level within the organisation. The challenges can be converted in to strengths by policy responses. (d) Programme issues & possible options

The scheme also addresses programme issues raised in existing plan schemes by creation of R&D, system for improvement of labour statistics, system of human resource development, MIS and infrastructural facilities -office building etc. (VIII) Contract Labour Survey: Contract Labour Surveys aim to collect data on employment, wages & earnings, working conditions, welfare facilities, industrial relations, etc. so as to study the conditions of contract workers in selected industries vis--vis the provisions of the relevant Act s. Bureau has so far co nduct ed fort yfive such surveys in 40 industries(including 5 repeat surveys). Reports in respect of 39 industries have been released. The report in respect 40th industry i.e. Air Transport Sector is under finalisation. Preliminary work for conducting survey on Banking Industry and BPOs is in progress. (IX) Annual Survey of Industries-Census Sector.

Labour Statistics relating to Absenteeism, Labour Turnover, Employment and Average Labour Cost by components are collected on statutory basis through the Annual Survey of Industries under the Collection of Statistics Act, 1953. The scope of the Survey extends to all the establishments coming under the purview of Section 2m (i) and 2m (ii) of the Factories Act. 1948, and Bidi and Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act, 1966. The coverage of Census Sector extends to (i) all industries in five less industrially developed States/UTs. Viz. Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura and Andman & Nicobar Islands (ii) Factories employing 100 or more workers, and (iii) Factories declared submitting joint returns by FOD (NSSO). The units, which are not covered under Census Sector are covered on a Sample basis in Sample Sector. The field work for the survey is done by the NSSO. "Statistics on Employment and Labour Cost Vol. I" as well as "Report on Absenteeism, Labour Turnover, Employment and Labour Cost Vol.II, based on data of ASI 2002-2003 round have been released. Report on "Statistics on Employment and Labour Cost Vol. I" for the year 2003-04 has been released and "Report on Absenteeism, Labour Turnover, Employment and Labour Cost", (Vol.II) is under finalisation. (X) Returns:

A. Statutory Returns : Annual Statutory Returns are received by the Labour Bureau under the following Labour Acts: 1) The Factories Act, 1948;
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2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10)

The Payment of Wages Act, 1936; The Minimum Wages Act, 1948; The Plantations Labour Act, 1951; The Motor Transport Workers' Act, 1961; The Shops & Commercial Establishments Acts; The Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946; The Workmen's Compensation Act, 1923; The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961; The Trade Unions Act, 1926 and

11) The Collection of Statistics Act, 1953; (under this Act, the Annual Survey of Industries is conducted). The report of Trade Unions in India for the year 2002 has been released and for the year 2004 it is being compiled. Statistics under the Payment of Wages Act, 1936 for the year 2003 have been finalised. The report on Working of the Minimum Wages Act, 1948 for the year 2004 is being drafted. Report on the Statistics of Factories for the year 2001 has been released. Review for the year 2004 on the working of the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946; Maternity Benefit Act, 1961, Shops and Commercial Establishments Act have been finalised while the Review on the Workmen's Compensation Act, 1923 has been prepared and is under finalisation. Reviews on the Motor Transport Workers Act, 1961 and Plantation Labour Act, 1951 are under preparation. B. Voluntary Returns : The Statistics relating to Industrial Disputes due to Strikes and Lockouts involving ten or more workers, Closures, Lay-offs and Retrenchment are furnished every month by the State and Central Labour Departments to the Labour Bureau on a voluntary basis. The important items of information relate to nature, causes, and duration of work stoppages, workers affected, mandays lost, wages loss, production loss, etc. Reviews for the year 2005 on statistics relating to (a) Closures, Retrenchment and Lay-offs and on (b) Industrial disputes in India have been released. (XI) a) Adhoc-Research Studies: Labour Bureau also carries out certain ad-hoc Research studies: Statistical Profile on Women Labour (Seventh issue): With a view to make available all important data relating to women labour at one place and in pursuance of the recommendations of the Sub-Committee on Statistics regarding employment of women, the Labour Bureau brings out the 'Statistical Profile on Women Labour'. The sixth issue of the Profile has already been released. The seventh issue is under printing.
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b)

Digest & Indian Labour Research:

The Digest attempts to present annotated bibliography of research studies conducted in the field of labour in the country. The eighth issue of the Digest covering the period upto 2003 has been released. The ninth issue (2004-06) of the publication is under preparation. (XII) Training: The Labour Bureau has been conducting training in Labour Statistics for the officers of different State Governments / Union territories and Central Organisations with the objective of improving the quality and timeliness in the flow of statistical information. In this series, Bureau conducted 16th Central Training Courses in Price Collection and Index Compilation from 13-17 September, 2007. Fifty five officers from different States/Union Territories participated in this programme. A training programme was organized from 10-14 Dec., 2007 for the Indian Economic Service (IES) Officers trainees. Labour Bureau also conducted a training programme for Senior Level Officers of Indian Statistical Service (ISS)from 20-26 Sept., 2007. A training programme was organized by the Labour Bureau, Shimla on 23.08.2007 on CPI Nos. for Industrial Workers to three officers sponsored by the Central Bank of Sri Lanka. Another training programme on Labour & Price Statistics to 10 officers from various state Govts. Sponsored by the C.S.O., New Delhi was organized by the Labour Bureau, Shimla on 27th and 28th August, 2007. The training programme on Improvement in Labour Statistics was held from 3-7 Sept., 2007 at Shimla. In this programme 40 officers/ officials from various States/UTs/Central Departments participated. Two days training programme was organized by Labour Bureau for trainers sponsored by the C.S.O. A total of 10 officers participated. A training programme for 18 trainers alongwith one faculty member from Maharashtra Institute of Labour Studies, Mumbai was organized at Labour Bureau, Shimla on various aspects relating to the functions & activities of Labour Bureau and CPI Nos. for Industrial Workers on 21.11.2007. Besides, training was imparted to 9 Foreign Participants of ISEC at Shimla from 5-7 November, 2007. The Kanpur Regional Office of the Bureau is actively involved in providing assistance to different State Governments / Union Territories in conducting the training programmes for the benefit of the primary units. Under this programme, the Regional Office, Kanpur organized 11 programmes in the States of Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Bihar, J & K, Jharkhand, Punjab and Utranchal and 393 participants from Primary Units attended these programmes. (XIII) Publications The Bureau publishes a monthly Journal titled 'Indian Labour Journal', and annual publications 'Pocket Book of Labour Statistics', 'Indian Labour Year Book' and 'Indian Labour Statistics'. Besides, the Bureau also brings out Annual Reviews on a number of Labour enactments and reports based on the results of regular and ad-hoc surveys/studies.

2. A.

INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS Central Industrial Relations Machinery (Central)

The Central Industrial Relation Machinery (CIRM) is headed by the Chief Labour Commissioner (Central). It has been entrusted with task maintanining Industrial Relations, enforcement of Labour Laws in the Central Sphere; enforcement of Labour Laws and verification of Trade Union Membership in central sphere for the purpose of recognition under the code of discipline, verification of membership of various unions in Banks for the purpose of nomination of workers Directors of the Board of Directors of the Banks under the Scheme formulated under the Banking Companies (Acquisition of Undertakings) Act and for grant of representation to the Central Organisation of workers. Objective - Prevention and settlement of Industrial Disputes, in central sphere; - Enforcement of Labour Laws and Rules made there under in central sphere. - Implementation of awards. - Quasi-Judicial functions. - Verification of the membership of the Trade Unions. - Welfare. - Other Miscellaneous functions. Prevention and settlement of Industrial Disputes, in central sphere The CIRM ensures harmonious industrial relations in the central sphere establishement through :- Monitoring of industrial relations in central sphere - Intervention, mediation and conciliation in industrial disputes in order to bring about settlement of disputes. - Intervention in situations of threatened strikes and lockouts with a view to avert the strikes and lockouts. - Implementation of settlements and awards. - Enforcement of other provisions in Industrial Disputes During the year 2006-07, the CIRM intervened in 447 threatened strikes and its conciliatory efforts succeeded in averting 445 strikes, which represent a success rate of 99%.
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B.

Central Labour Service

The Ministry of Labour and Employment also functions as the Cadre Controlling Authority in respect of the Central Labour Service. The Central Labour Service (CLS) was constituted on 3rd February, 1987 by merging various Group A Gazetted posts belonging to the Central Pool of Labour Officers, the Central Industrial Relations Machinery and the Welfare Organisation of the Ministry of Labour. Factories and mines employing 500 or more workers and plantations employing 300 or more workers are required to appoint a prescribed number of welfare officers under the relevant statutes. Central Labour Service Officers function as Assistant Labour Welfare Commissioner (Central) and Deputy Labour Welfare Commissioner (Central) in these factories. They also function as conciliation officers in industrial disputes and as enforcement officers of various labour laws. Central Labour Service Officers are also engaged in administration of various welfare funds set up for the welfare of workers.

C.

Board of Arbitration (JCM)

The Government of India had introduced in 1966 a Scheme for Joint Consultative Machinery and Compulsory Arbitration for Central Government Employees for resolving differences between the Government, as an employer, and the general body of its employees in the matters of common concern. The Scheme provides for compulsory arbitration on Pay and Allowances, weekly hours of work and leave of a class or grade of employees. Under the Scheme the Board of Arbitration (JCM) was set up in July, 1968. The Board consists of a Chairman and two other members. The Chairman is a whole time person. The Ministry of Labour and Employment appoints the other two members at the time of referring the dispute to the Board of Arbitration. One member is nominated from of a panel of 5 names submitted by the official side and another from a similar panel submitted by the staff side of the National Council.

D.
(a)

(i) The Participation of Workers in Management

The Participation of Workers in Management Bill, 1990

The Participation of Workers in Management Bill, 1990 would require some modifications to reflect changes in economic and social parameters since 1990. It has been decided to pursue the Bill with some modifications after discussion/consultation with social partners in tripartite fora. The Participation of Workers in Management Bill, 1990 was discussed in a Tripartite Committee meeting held on 14.2.2006 and 16.5.2007. But no consensus could be reached. The matter is under consideration.
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(b) Trade Union (Amendment) Act, 2001. The Trade Unions Act, 1926 provides provisions for registration of trade unions of employers and workers and in certain respects, it defines the law relating to registered trade unions. It confers legal and corporate status on registered trade unions. The Act is administered by the concerned State Governments. The Trade Unions Act, 1926 has been amended last and enforced w.e.f. 9.1.2002. The objective of these amendments, in brief, is to ensure orderly growth of trade unions and reduce multiplicity of trade unions and promote internal democracy. (c) Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. In accordance with the National Common Minimum Programme (NCMP) changes in labour laws must take place after consultation with the industry and trade unions, Ministry of Labour & Employment has held tripartite consultations with stake holders and formulated certain draft proposals for amendment in the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. The draft proposals are at the stage of consultation with the Central Ministries/Departments. (d) Plantations Labour Act, 1951.

In accordance with the National Common Minimum Programme (NCMP) that changes in labour laws must take place after consultation with the industry and trade unions, Ministry of Labour & Employment has held tripartite consultations with stake holders and formulated certain draft proposals for amendment in the Plantations Labour Act, 1951. The draft proposals are at the stage of consultation with the Central Ministries/Departments and plantation States. (e) Tripartite Industrial Committee on Plantation Industry

Tripartite Industrial Committee on Plantation Industry was last constituted on 18.9.1998 and reconstituted on 22.7.2002 to discuss the problems of Plantation Industry and to find solutions. (f) Industrial Tripartite Committee on Road Transport Industry

Industrial Tripartite Committee on Road Transport Industry was last constituted on 5.1.2004 and reconstituted on 26.7.2005 to study and discuss the problems which are special to the Road Transport industry in order to being about a better understanding of the problems among the parties, to render advice in solving the problems and to reach at consensus of views. (g) Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Central (Amendment) Rules, 2007

Government had amended the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Central Rules, 1946 to include "Fixed Term Employment workman" in the schedule of the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946 and Model Standing Orders annexed to the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act,1946 vide Notification GSR No. 936(E) dated 10.12.2003. Keeping in view the Common Minimum Programme, it was decided to rescind
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the above notification and accordingly the order rescinding the earlier notification was issued on 10th October, 2007.

E.

Wage Board for Working Journalists and Other News-paper Employees

The Working Journalists & Other Newspaper Employees (Conditions of Service) and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1995 provides for regulation of conditions of service of Working Journalists, non-journalists newspaper and news agency employees. Section 9 and 13 (C) of the Act provides for constitution of two Wage Boards for fixing or revising rates of wages in respect of Working journalists and Non-Journalist Newspaper and News Agency Employees respectively. According to the Act, a Wage Boards shall consist of the following: (a) (b) Three persons representing employers in relation to newspaper establishments; Three persons representing Working Journalists for Wage Board under Section 9 and three persons representing non-journalists employees for Wage Board under section 13 C of the Act. Four independent persons, one of whom shall be a person who is, or has been a judge of High Court of the Supreme Court and who shall be appointed by the Government as the Chairman of the Wage Boards.

(c)

The Act does not lay down the periodicity for constituting the Wage Boards. The Wage Boards for such employees were set up in the years 1956, 1963, 1975, 1985 and 1994. The previous Wage Board i.e. Manisana Wage Boards were constituted in the year 1994. Their reports were submitted to the Government on 25th July, 2000.

F.

Payment of Bonus Act, 1965

The Payment of Bouns Act, 1965 provides for the payment of bonus to persons employed in certain establishments on the basis of profits or on the basis of production or productivity and for matters connected therewith. The payment of Bonus Act, 1965 applicable to every factory and other establishments employing 20 or more persons. Minimum bonus of 8.33% is payable by every industry and establishment under section 10 of the Act. The maximum bonus including productivity linked bonus can be paid in any accounting year shall not exceed 20% of the salary/wage of an employee under section 31 A of the Act.

G.
1

MINIMUM WAGES
Minimum Wages Act, 1948
Object: The object of Minimum Wages Act, 1948 is to provide for fixation/ revision of minimum wages in employments in unorganized sector in which the
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workers due to illiteracy being not well organized and having no effective bargaining power are vulnerable to exploitation. 2 Appropriate Government: Under the Minimum Wages Act, both the State and Central Government are 'appropriate Government' for the scheduled employments under their respective jurisdictions.

The appropriate Governments also take into account factors like cost of living, paying capacity, productivity and local conditions influencing the wage rates while fixing the minimum wage. 4 Revision: As regards the frequency of wage revision, the Minimum Wages Act, 1948 stipulates that review/revision of minimum wages in the scheduled employments should be undertaken at intervals not exceeding five years. The National Commission on Labour (1969) recommended that this period should be reduced to two years. At the 31st Session of the Labour Ministers' Conference held in July, 1980, it was concluded that minimum rates of wages may be reviewed and revised, if necessary, within a period of not exceeding two years or on rise of 50 points in the Consumer Price Index Number, whichever is earlier. An amendment proposal to provide for revision of minimum wages every two years, where the minimum wage is not linked to Consumer Price Index, is under consideration of the Government. Applicability in Central Sphere: The Central Government is the appropriate government in relation to any scheduled employment carried on by or under the authority of the Central Government or a Railway administration, or in relation to a mine, oil field or major port, or any corporation established by a Central Act. About 10 lakh workers are estimated to be employed in approximately 25,000 establishments covered under the Act in the Central Sphere. Minimum rates of wages: Of the 46 scheduled employments under Central Sphere, the minimum rates of wages in agriculture has been revised on 20.10.2005 providing for minimum wages at the rates varying from Rs.102/- to Rs.153/- per day, Construction worker has been revised on 14.9.2006 providing for minimum wages at the rates varying from Rs.66/- to Rs.81/- per day, Mines workers has been revised on 24.8.2006 providing for minimum wages at the rates varying from Rs.66/- to Rs.78/- per day, Stone crushing has been revised on 20.10.2005 providing for minimum wages at the rates varying from Rs.85/- to Rs.216/- per day and Loading & Unloading has been revised on 14.9.2006 providing for minimum wages at the rates varying from Rs.66/- to Rs.89/- per day depending upon the category of workers and area.
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A new scheduled employment in Central sphere namely "Employment of Sweeping and Cleaning excluding activities prohibited under the Employment of Manual Scavengers and Constructions of Dry Latrines (Prohibition) Act 1993" has been added to the schedule of the Minimum Wages Act,1948 vide Notification S.O. 1573 (E) dated 3.11.2005.

3. A.

WORKING CONDITIONS AND SAFETY Factories and Docks

The Directorate General Factory Advice Service and Labour Institute (DGFASLI), consists of the Head Quarters (Factory Advice Division, Dock Safety Division, Construction Safety Division and Awards Cell), the Central Labour Institute (CLI) at Mumbai, the four Regional Labour Institutes at Kolkata, Chennai, Kanpur and Faridabad and the Dock Safety Inspectorates in 11 major ports of India. The Inspectorate at the port of Ennore is in the process of being set up. The main objective of the organisation is to function as a service organisation and to advise Central/State Governments, trade unions, employers and others in matters concerning safety, health, productivity and working condition in factories and ports and to carry out support research activities for updating the Factories Act, 1948, the Dock Workers (Safety, Health and Welfare) Act, 1986, and the Rules and Regulations framed there under; Enforcing the Dock Workers' (Safety Health and Welfare) Act, 1986 and the Regulations framed there under in major ports; Liaisoning with International bodies like the International Labour Organisation (ILO) in implementing projects and advising Central Government on ratification of International Instruments on Safety and Health etc.

B.

Mines

The Mines Act, 1952 and the Regulations and Rules made there under constitute the statutory base for regulating safety, health, welfare and working conditions of persons employed in mines throughout India. The Directorate General of Mines Safety has been entrusted with the function of enforcing the provisions of the Mines Act, 1952 and the Rules and Regulations framed thereunder, including the Mines Rules, the Mines Rescue Rules and the Mines Vocational Training Rules in respect of all Mines and the Creche Rules in respect of Non-Coal Mines. The Officers of the Directorate are empowered as Inspectors of Mines Act, 1952. They have also been given certain responsibilities under allied legislations like the Coal Mines (Conservation and Development) Act, 1974, the Land Acquisition (Mines) Act, 1985, the Factories Act, 1948 and the Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989 besides the Indian Electricity Act, 1910 and the Indian Electricity
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Rules, 1955 framed there under. The Inspectors conduct/undertake regular Inspections, besides inquiring into all fatal accidents and some of the serious accidents depending upon the nature of the accident and the gravity of the situation. These inquiries serve the dual purpose of identifying the causes and responsibilities for the accidents and formulating remedial measures to prevent recurrence of similar mishaps. Current functions of DGMS broadly include : 1. 2. Inspection of mines. Investigation into (a) Accidents (b) Dangerous occurrences - emergency response (c) Complaints & other matters 3. (a) Grants of (i) Statutory permission, exemptions & relaxations - pre-view of project reports & mining plans (ii) Approval of mines safety equipment, material & appliances (b) Interactions for development of safety equipment, material and safe work practices through workshop etc. (c) Development of Safety Legislation & Standards (d) Safety Information Dissemenation. 4. Conduct of examinations for grant of competency certificates. 5. Safety promotional initiatives including: (a) Organisation of: * Conferences on safety in mines * National Safety awards * Safety weeks & Campaigns (b) Promoting: -Safety education and awareness programmes -Workers participation in safety management throughWorkmen's inspector Safety committee Tripartite reviews The various activities to carry out the functions of DGMS include : A. Non-Plan 1. 2. DGMS Non-plan (Main) Examination
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B.

Plan schemes 1. Study of Mines Accidents and Development of Mines Safety Information System (SOMA) 2. Augmentation of S&T capabilities, Mines Rescue Services & Human Resource Development (S&T) 3. Improving Efficiency by Providing Infrastructural Facilities in DGMS (PIF) 4. Strengthening of Machinery for Conduct of Statutory Examinations (SSEX) 5. Modernization of Information Database relating to Mines Management (MID, MERGED)

4.

LABOUR WELFARE SCHEMES

Government of India attaches high priority to the welfare of workers in unorganized sector, particularly those engaged in beedi, certain specified mines and cinema industry. Welfare Funds have been established under following enactments. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) The Mica Mines Labour Welfare Fund Act, 1946; The Limestone & Dolomite Mines Labour Welfare Fund Act, 1972; The Iron Ore, Manganese Ore and Chrome Ore Mines Labour Welfare Fund Act, 1976; The Beedi Workers Welfare Fund Act, 1976; The Cine Workers Welfare Fund Act, 1981;

Levy of cess on consumption or export of minerals, manufactured beedis and production of feature films finances these Funds. The welfare measures financed out of these Funds relate to the provision of medical facilities, housing, supply of drinking water, support to education of dependants of beneficiaries, housing, supply of drinking water, support to education of dependants of beneficiaries, recreation of workers etc. While most of the activities are administered directly by the concerned Welfare Commissioners, loan/subsidies/grant-in-aid are also provided to the State Government, local authorities and managements for implementation of cartain welfare schemes as per approved pattern. Under the procedure, all receipts of cess are credited to the Consolidated Fund of India and are booked under Major Head of Account 0037-Customs or 0038-Excise. Thereafter, on receipt of intimation, the Budget & Accounts Section of the Ministry of Labour issues sanction for transfer of this cess to the respective Welfare Funds under Major Head 8229 Public Account-per contra debit to Major Head 2230 Transfer to Reserve Fund for which Funds are provided in Demand for Grants of the Ministry of Labour.
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5. A.

SOCIAL SECURITY Employees State Insurance Scheme :

The Employees State Insurance Act, 1948 is applicable to all non-seasonal factories using power in manufacturing process and employing 10 or more employees and non-power using factories employing 20 or more employees. The Scheme has also been extended to shops and establishments, preview theatres, cinemas, hotels, restaurants, road- motor transport undertaking and newspaper establishments employing 20 or more employees. Employees working in covered factories / establishments and drawing wages upto Rs.10000/- p.m. ( w.e.f. 1.10.2006) are covered under the Scheme. The Scheme provides to Insured Persons Medical Care, Cash Benefits during sickness, maternity, employment injury and Dependant Benefit to the dependants of insured persons in case of death due to employment injury besides payment of funeral expenses of an Insured Person. Medical Care including hospitalization facilities is also provided to members of the family of the insured persons. The Employees State Insurance Scheme is mainly financed by the employers and employees contribution. The rate of employers share of contribution is 4.75% of the wages of the employees, while the employees share of contribution is 1.75% of their wages. The employees earning wages upto Rs.50/- per day (w.e.f. 1.4.2004) are exempted from payment of their share of contribution. The expenditure on medical care is shared between the Employees State Insurance Corporation and the State Governments in the ratio of 7 : 1. The Corporation does not receive any financial assistance from the Central Government.

B.

Employees Provident Fund Organisation

The Employees' Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) is a Social Security Organisation, which came in to existence under the provisions of The Employees' Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 [Act 19 of 1952]{the Act} -an Act to provide for the institution of provident funds, pension fund and deposit-linked insurance fund for employees in factories and other establishments. The sole objective behind the creation of EPFO is to administer the provisions of the Act and the three schemes framed there under namely Employees' Provident Fund Scheme, 1952, Employees' Pension Scheme, 1995 and Employees' Deposit-Linked Insurance Scheme, 1976. All these three schemes are framed with an objective to provide monetary benefits to the working class in Commercial and Industrial Establishments by way of accumulated provident fund and pension benefits at the time of retirement and Insurance Benefit to the family members of the covered employees in case of their death while in service. Presently EPFO is providing social security by way of monetary benefits to more than 4 Crore members and effectively to more than 20 Crore individual family members of the subscribers.
18

The functioning of EPFO is administered by a tripartite body called as Central Board of Trustees, consisting of the representatives from the side of employers, employees' and government through a network of about 131 field offices spread across the country. The main functions of the E.P.F. Organisation are as follows :1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. I. To make the benefits available to all the eligible employees in all the covered establishments in the proper manner and at the proper time. To secure from the employers compliance with the statutory provisions and ensure prompt deposit of statutory dues and submission of returns. To maintain the accounts of the three funds and of the subscribers upto date. To grant advances to the subscribers from their credit in the E.P.F. for certain specific puroses in times of need. To keep each subscriber informed about the amount at his credit in the Provident Fund by furnishing to him every year a statement of Provident Fund accounts. To settle accounts of the subscribers promptly in the event of death or on the cessation of membership. Employees' Pension Scheme 1995

The Presidential Ordinance regarding implementation of the Employees Pension Scheme was issued on 17.10.1995. Accordingly, Central Government have notified on 16.11.95, the Employees Pension Scheme 1995 for extending the benefit of Pension to the workers/employees of the Private /Public Sector establishments. The Employees Pension Fund is created by diverting 8.33 percent of the employees wages out of the employers share. The Central Government also contributes at the rate of 1.16 percent of the employees pay. Under the Employees Pension Scheme, there is provision for payment of Superannuation/Retirement/Short Service and Disablement Pensions to the Subscribers. For the family, there is Widow Pension, Monthly Children Pension, Monthly Orphan Pension and Pension to Nominees. In addition, provision also exists for return of capital subject to option by the members for drawing a reduced Pension. II. Employees' Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme, 1976: The objective of this Scheme is to provide an insurance cover to the members of the Provident Fund for death while in service, linking the cover to the deposits in the Provident Fund of the deceased members. This Scheme came into force from 1.08.1976 and applicable to the employees of all the factories/establishments to which EPF and MP Act, 1952 applies. Employers pay contribution to this Fund every month at a rate of 0.5% of the wages of employee, who are members of the Fund. The Fund is operated to pay the Assurance benefit under the EDLI Scheme, 1976.
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6. SOC I A L SE CU R IT Y FO R UN O R GA N IZE D SE C TO R WORKERS

The workers in the unorganized sector constitute about 94% of the total work force in the country. The Government has been implementing some social security measures for certain occupational groups but the coverage is miniscule. Majority of the workers are still without any Social Secrurity Coverage. Recognizing the need for providing social security to these workers, the Central Government has introduced a Bill in the Parliament. One of the major insecurities for workers in the unorganized sector is the frequent incidences of illness and need for medical care and hospitalization of such workers and their family members. Despite the expansion in the health facilities, illness remains one of the most prevalent causes of human deprivation in India. It has been clearly recognized that health insurance is one way of providing protection to poor households against the risk of health spending leading to proverty. However, most efforts to provide health insurance in the past have faced difficulties in both design and implementation. The poor are unable or unwilling to take up health insurance because of its cost, or lack of perceived benefits. With a view to providing cashless hospitalization of BPL families in the unorganised sector, the 'Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana' has been launched on 1st October, 2007. The unorganized sector worker and his family (a unit of five) will be covered under the scheme. The total sum insured would be Rs. 30,000/- per family per annum on a family floater basis. The premium will be shared on 75:25 basis by Centre and State Government. The beneficiary would be entitled to cashless transaction through smart card and the benefits will start accruing from 1st April, 2008. It is estimated that about 33% (40 Lakhs) of the beneficiaries would be women in the financial year 200809.

7. A.

CHILD AND WOMEN LABOUR Child Labour

Child Labour Cell is entrusted with the responsibility for the formulation and implementation of policy and programmes for welfare of working children. The Cell is responsible for funding and monitoring of the projects taken up under the Scheme of National Child Labour Projects(NCLP). The Cell also renders financial assistance to Voluntary Organisations for taking up action-oriented projects for child labour. In addition, the Cell monitors the enforcement of Child Labour (Prohibition & Regulation) Act, 1986 and also organizes various meetings of Advisory Boards, workshops etc.

B.

NCLP :

The project seeks to rehabilitate children withdrawn from work through special schools with focus on children engaged in hazardous occupations. The package of benefits to child labour for their rahabilitation includes education, vocational training,
20

nutrition, health care, recreation, stipend, etc. The other activities include stricter enforcement of child labour related laws, raising awareness against the evils of child labour and extension of welfare activities to child labour. A major programme was launched on 15th August, 1994 for rehabilitating child labour working in hazardous occupations. Subsequently, the Supreme Court of India also in their judgement dated 10th December, 1996 in Writ Petition (Civil) No. 465/ 1986 has given certin directions regarding the manner in which the children working in the hazardous occupations are to be withdrawn from work and rehabilitated and also the manner in which the working conditions of the children working in non-hazardous occupations are to be regulated and improved upon. The important directions given in the judgement dated 10th December 1996 include payment of compensation amounting to Rs. 20,000/- by the offending employer for every child employed in contravention of provisions of the Act, constitution of the Child Labour Rehabilitation-cum-Welfare Funds, giving alternative employment to an adult member of the family in place of the child withdrawn from the hazardous occupation, completion of the survey of children working in hazardous employments within a period of six months, provision of education in a suitable institution for the child withdrawn from work etc. Progress reported by the State Governments in the implementation of these directions is conveyed to the Hon'ble Supreme Court from time to time in the form of an Affidavit. C. Grant-in-Aid to Voluntary Agency :

The objective of the Scheme is to identify child labour and to make them available welfare inputs through special schools run by voluntary organizations. Under this Scheme, only those Districts are covered which have not set up National Child Labour Project. The amount of assistance given by the Ministry of Labour for taking up the projects for child labour is 75% of the total cost of the Project. The remaining part of the cost is to be borne by the organization concerned. D. INDO-US-Matching Grant: (INDUS)

Indus Project is a joint project of Government of India and US Department of Labour for elimination of child labour in few districts of the country. It has been developed as a follow up of the Joint Statement on "Enhanced Indo-US Cooperation on Eliminating Child Labour" signed between the M/o Labour and the US, Deptt. of Labour in August 2000. The project aims at effecting convergence with the Department of Education to ensure complete elimination of child labour from identified ten hazardous industries, in identified districts. The industries to be covered are beedi, brassware, bricks, fireworks, footwear, glass bangles, locks, matches, quarried stones and silk.

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2. Under the Project, 21 districts spread over 5 states namely, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Tamilnadu, and Maharashtra have been covered. US Dept. of Labour would provide US $ 20 million to be matched, with equal funding from the Government of India. 3. Major activities under the project would include: i) Identifying children working in hazardous occupations by means of a detailed survey. ii) Withdrawing children in the age group 8-14 from hazardous occupations and providing them meaningful transitional education. iii) Systematic Vocational education/training of adolescents. iv) Income generating alternatives for families of children withdrawn from work. v) Strengthening public education of child workers vi) Monitoring of project activities. vii)Social mobilization/awareness generation. viii) Monitoring of project activities with the close involvement of the community. ix) Capacity building of National, State and Local Institutions.

E.

Women Labour

Women Labour Cell in the Ministry of Labour was set up in 1975 under a Plan Scheme and is responsible for formulation, coordination and monitoring of policies and programmes for the welfare of women labour. The Cell has expanded its activities by giving grant-in-aid to voluntary organisations who formulate and execute projects to benefit women labour. Women Labour Cell is entrusted with the administration of Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 and also the work connected with Advisory Committee set up under Section 6 of the Equal Remuneration Act, 1976. Four voluntary agencies of national repute have been recognized for filing complaints in courts against employers in case of violations. The Central Advisory Committee on the Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 was recently reconstituted. The Committee interalia suggests measures for increasing the employment opportunities for women and reviews the steps taken for effective implementation of the Act.

8.
A)

Labour Education
V.V. Giri National Labour, Institute, Noida

V.V.Giri National Labour lnstitute (VVGNLI), an autonomous body of the Ministry of Labour & Employment, Government of India, set up in July1974, is a premier Institute of Research, Training and Education in the area of Labour.
22

The Memorandum of Association spells out clearly a wide range of activities which are essential to fulfill the objectives of the Institute. The mandates of the Institute is : * * * To undertake and assist in organising training and educational programmes, seminars and workshops; To undertake, promote and coordinate research on its own and in collaboration with other agencies both national and international. To establish wings for : a. b. c. Education, training and orientation, Research, including action oriented research; Consultancy, and

d. Publication and other such activities as may be necessary for achieving the objectives of the society. * * * To analyse specfic problems encountered in the planning and implementation of labour and to suggest remedial measures; To establish and maintain library and information services; and To collaborate with other institutions and agencies in India and abroad which have similar objectives.

B)

Central Board for Workers Education

Central Board for Workers Education (CBWE) sponsored by the Ministry of Labour & Employment, Government of India, is a tripartite society established in 1958 with headquarters at Nagpur, to implement Workers Education Scheme at National, Regional and Unit/Village levels. The training programmes of CBWE cover workers from organized, unorganized, rural and informal sectors. Supervisory and managerial cadres are also covered through joint educational programmes. Majority of the programmes for workers in the organized sector and the programmes in the rural/unorganised sectors are conducted free of charge with the cooperation of managements, trade unions and other agencies, few programmes at selected units in the organized sector are fund generating for which a nominal amount is charged from the managements. In accordance with the declared objectives of the Board, effort is made to create awareness among the working class about their rights and obligations for effective participation in the socio-economic development of our country. National level training programmes for members of Central Trade Union Organisations and Federations are conducted by the Indian Institute of Workers Education (IIWE), Mumbai established by the CBWE in 1970. Pre-employment training and orientation for Board s Officer are also imparted by the IIWE, Mumbai.
23

The Board has a network of 50 Regional and 9 Sub-Regional Directorates spread throughout the country to implement the scheme at Regional and Unit /Village levels. Out of 50 Regional Directorates, 8 are residential. The five Zonal Directorates at Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai and Guwahati monitor the activities of the Regional and Sub-Regional Directorates within the Zones. The objectives of the Workers Education Scheme are :1. To strengthen among all sections of the working class, including rural workers, a sense of patriotism, national integrity, unity, amity, communal harmony, secularism and pride in being an Indian; To equip all sections of workers, including rural workers and women workers for their effective participation in social and economic development of the nation in accordance with its declared objectives; To develop amongst the workers a greater understanding of the problems of their social and economic environment, their responsibilities towards family members, and their rights and obligations as citizens, as workers in industry and as members and officials of trade union; To develop capacity of workers in all aspects to meet the challenges of the country from time to time. To develop strong, united and more responsible trade unions and to strengthen democratic processes and traditions in the trade union movement through more enlightened members and better trained officals; To empower the workers as employees of the organization and to develop a sense of belongingness so as to act as effective instruments of amicable industrial relations and maintaining industrial peace; To meet the needs of workers to have access to ways of acquiring and continuous up gradation of knowledge and skills that they require to find and hold a job.

2.

3.

4. 5.

6.

7.

9.

INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION
India is a founder member of the ILO and has been playing a leading role in its activities since its inception. India holds a non-elective permanent seat in the Government Group of the Government Body of ILO and is represented on all the Committees constituted by the ILO. The ILO is financed mainly by contribution received from the member states inculding India.

10.

DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

This is an ongoing scheme formulated on the directives of Planning Commission for making a provision of 2-3% of the plan funds for programmes/schemes
24

relating to Information Technology. This scheme intends to initiate a drive towards improving computerization in various programmes of the Ministry and to improve their efficacy. The progress of scheme is being regularly monitored by Senior Officers. There is an IT Manager to assist, manage, plan, execute and review the Scheme. The IT Manager also ensures that uniformity of standards and development tools are used in the development of application modules in the Ministry.

11.

GRANTS-IN-AID TO RESEARCH AND ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS

This is a plan scheme started during 1995-96 to finance research studies in approved labour related matters for securing policy inputs to enrich future labour policies. Grant is extended to deserving research and academic institutions, voluntary organisations, NGOs on the merits of the proposals examined and recommended by the respective bureau heads. The Scheme was last revised in Oct. 1998 raising the cost per study of Rs. 4.00 lakh (in exceptional cases Rs. 5,00 lakh). The guidelines have also been changed so as to attract study propsoals from good institutions. Moreover, the scope of the scheme has been extended to finance seminars, workshope etc. As a result, the Ministry is receiving a good number of proposals on various labour related issues. The research studies so conducted are need beased/demand-driven as per the requirements of various subjects matter divisions in the Ministry and are conducted on their recommendations. Under the Scheme a research study, "Study of agricfultural and non-agricultural women labour in Haryana" was got conducted by the Ministry recently. The Study was based on a survey of 445 landless women manual households from two districts in Haryana. The Study pointed out the prevalance of the "Siri System" and suggested some policy measures on the part of the Government for future labour policy. One more research study "Study on women in BPO Sector: A status report on service conditions, benefits and hazards of working women in West Bengal and Karnataka" is underway.

12.

REHABILITATION OF BONDED LABOURS

In order to assist the State Governments in the tasks of rehabilitation of released bonded laboures, the Ministry of Labour launched a Centrally Sponsored Scheme on 50:50 basis since May, 1978 for rehabilitation of bonded labourers. The rehabilitation assistance @ Rs. 20,000/- per bonded labourer is provided to State Governments and in the case of seven North Eastern States, 100% Central assistance is provided, if they express their inability to provide their share.

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13. DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF EM PLOYMENT AND TRAINING

The Directorate General of Employment and Training is responsible for formulation of National policies, standards and procedures to be followed for employment services, craftsmen and apprenticeship training, both at Central and State levels, through the three wings existing in the Directorate General, viz., (i) Directorate of Employment (ii) Directorate of Training (iii) Secretariat 1. Employment Service The Employment Service operated through the countrywide network of Employment Exchanges, continues to provide placement and vocational guidance services to job seekers besides collection and dissemination of employment market information. The Employment Service also continues to pay special attention to the needs of the weaker sections of society through Vocational Rehabilitation Centres for the Handicapped and Coaching cum Guidance Centres for SC/ST offering a comprehensive package of services. The Directorate General of Employment and Training has set up 20 VRCs one each at Agartala, Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Bhubaneswar, Kolkata, Chennai, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Jabalpur, Jaipur, Kanpur, Ludhiana, Mumbai, Delhi, Patna, Pondicherry, Srinagar, Thiruvananthapuram, Una (H.P.) and Vadodara in 19 states and out of them VRC at Vadodara is exclusively for women. In order to facilitate early economic rehabilitation of the handicapped, VRCs evaluate their residual capacities and provide them adjustment training. Efforts are also made to assist them in obtaining other suitable rehabilitation services such as job placement, training for self employment, in-plant training etc. Rehabilitation services are also made available to disabled living in rural areas through mobile camps and 11 rural rehabilitation extension centres. In order to bridge the gap between evaluation and ultimate rehabilitation, six skill training workshops have been set up to impart skill training in various trades in six VRCs. Out of the 20 VRCs, 3 new VRCs at Srinagar, Una and Pondicherry have been sanctioned in March 2005 and have become functional. During 2008-2009, it is proposed to make newly set up centers i.e. Srinagar, Una (H.P.) and Pondicherry fully functional by providing sanctioned manpower and necessary infrastructure including training equipment. These centers are expected to channelise the disabled job seekers of the States of Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Union Territory of Pondicherry in the economic main stream of the society. It is also proposed to process the case for setting up of two new VRCs out of four new VRCs proposed to be set up during the 11th Five Year Plan. In order to provide barrier free environment and ensure compliance of Persons with Disabilities Act, 1995 , construction of VRC buildings at Jabalpur , Guwahati and Agartala has been proposed during 2008-09.
26

Twenty two Coaching cum Guidance Centres for SC/ST have been functioning in the country, one each at Delhi, Jabalpur, Kanpur, Chennai, Hyderabad, Thiruvananthapuram, Kolkotta, Jaipur, Ranchi, Surat, Bangalore, Imphal, Nagpur, Aizawl, Hissar, Bhubaneswar, Guwahati, Mandi, Jowai, Jammu, Kohima and Jalandhar. A new CGC at Naharlaghun in Arunachal Pradesh is in its fledgling stages. A Special Coaching Scheme to prepare SC/ST candidates for competitive examinations / selection tests for Group C posts in Govt., Public and Private Sectors is being operated by DGET in Delhi and Ghaziabad. This scheme is of 11 months duration in which training in four disciplines like General English, General Awareness and Training in Shorthand & Typing is imparted by the experts in the concerned fields. During the training, the candidates are given stipend at the rate of Rs.175/- per month besides free course books and limited stationery of Rs.175/- per trainee for the entire course. This Scheme is being operated through reputed private institutions like schools/ colleges. A sum of Rs.175/- per month per trainee is given to each institution as Professional Charges for imparting training. Guided by the success of the above Special Coaching Scheme, the same has been extended to centres located at Delhi, Kanpur, Kolkotta, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ranchi, Surat, Hissar, Guwahati, Imphal, Jabalpur, Chennai, Thiruvananthapuram and Behrampur. Keeping in view the usage of computer in every sphere of knowledge, a scheme on "Introduction of new courses in existing CGCs for SC/STs" was introduced during 2004 05. Under this scheme, 480 educated SC/ST job seekers were considered for providing six months Computer Training through a private pioneer Computer Training Institute in the market having its network in different States/UTs. The Computer Training was arranged with effect from Feb, 2004 by the Institute in its 12 Centres located at Delhi, Jabalpur, Chennai, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Jaipur, Surat, Bangalore, Nagpur, Hissar, Bhubaneswar & Guwahati and each centre was allotted 40 slots for training. 12 CGCs at these places have extended necessary assistance as coordinator. The second phase of training under the scheme was arranged with effect from October, 2005 with a seating capacity of 518 SC/ST job seekers at 14 locations i.e. with addition of two more locations viz. Kanpur and Thiruvanathapuram to above mentioned 12 locations and each centre was allotted 37 slots of training. The third phase of the training was arranged with effect from August 2006 with seating capacity of 672 SC/ST job seekers at the above said 14 locations and each centre is allotted 48 slots of training. The fourth phase of the training has been arranged with effect from 10.10.2007 with a seating capacity of 616 SC/ST candidates at the same 14 locations and each centre has been allotted 44 slots of training For effective monitoring of the Schemes for Welfare of SC/ST, the Administrative Cell for administration of CGCs is functioning in the Employment Directorate. The Cell collects, tabulates and analyses statistical data pertaining to the Schemes of Directoate General of Employment and Training for welfare of SC/ST. 2. TRAINING

The Directorate of Training under the Directorate General of Employment and Training in the Ministry of Labour and Employment is responsible for operating a number
27

of training schemes to ensure a regular supply of skilled manpower at different levels by suitably regulating the Vocational Training Programme in the country. Major Schemes 2.1 Upgradation of 1396 Govt. ITIs throughPublic Private Partnership

Cabinet Committee for Economic Affairs (CCEA) of the Union Cabinet in its meeting held on 25/10/2007 has 'in principle' approved the Scheme- Upgradation of 1396 Govt. ITIs through PPP" for the XI Five Year Plan period and financial approval has been given for one year for upgradation of the first batch of 300 ITIs at a cost of Rs.774.5 cr. . 300 ITIs will be taken up each years from 2007-08 to 2010-11 and remaining 196 will be covered in 2011-12. Need for launch of the Scheme: Out of 1896 Government ITIs in the country (as on 1.1.2007), 500 Government ITIs are being upgraded as per announcement made by the Hon'ble Finance Minister in his Budget Speech 2004-05. Hon'ble Finance Minister announced upgradation of remaining 1396 Government ITIs into Centres of Excellence through Public Private Partnership in the Budget Speech 2007-08. Accordingly, this scheme with total outlay of Rs. 3665 crore (Rs. 3490 crore for upgradation of 1396 ITIs and Rs. 175 crore for management, monitoring and evaluation of the scheme) has been framed. Salient Features : Under the the PPP mode, for each ITI to be upgraded, an Industry Partner will be associated to lead the process of upgradation. The Industry Partner will be selected by the State Government in consultation with the Industry Associations. Institute Management Committee (IMC) will be constituted/reconstituted for each selected ITI (It will consists of Industry Partner or his representative, as the Chairperson, four members from local industry to be nominated by the Industry Partner, five members to be nominated by the State Government, Principal, ITI, as ex-officio member Secretary). The IMC will be registered by the State Government as a Society under Societies Registration Act and entrusted with the responsibility of managing the affairs of the ITI. The IMC will be given financial and academic autonomy to manage the affairs of the ITI setout in the Memorandum of Agreement to be signed amongst Central Govt., State Govt. and the Industry Partner. The interest free loan of upto Rs. 2.5 crores shall be given by the Central Govt. directly to the IMC, which will be given powers to make use of the funds for upgrading the ITI. The interest free loan shall be repayable by the IMC. For the repayment of loan there shall be a moratoriumm of ten years and thereafter the loan shall be payable in equal annual installments over a period of twenty five years.
28

The IMC may generate revenue by running production/service centres, short-term courses, providinig consultancy services, etc. The IMC will be reqired to prepare an Institute Development Plan (IDP) under the leadership of Industry Partner defining the long term goals, the issues and challenges facing the institute and the strategies for dealing with them. It shall set targets for institutional improvement, define Key Performance Indicatgors (KPls) and detail the financial requirement with year-wise break up to meet the needs. The IDP should be developed in such a way that it leads to upgradation of the ITI as a whole. Simultaneous upgradation in a particular trade sector may also be taken up. Financial contribution will be a desirable condition for the Industry Partner to participate in this scheme. The Industry Partner may contribute machinery and equipment and shall arrange to provide training to the faculty members and on-the-job training to the students of the ITI. Role of the State Government The State Government, as the owner of the ITI, shall continue to regulate admissions and fees. The administrative control of the staff of the ITI will remain with the State Government and it will continue to pay their salaries and other emoluments. It will have to ensure provision of funds to meet office, administrative and other recurring expenses. However, it is free to provide funds for any additional activities recommended by the IMC for upgradation of the ITI. The State Govt will ensure that vacancies of instructors are within 10% of sanctioned strength. Institutional and Implementation arrangements At the national level the National Steering Committee (NSC), headed by Secretary (L&E) and having representation from Industry Associations, State Govt. & other Central Govt. departments will be set up as an Apex body for guiding the implementation and monitoring of this scheme. At the State level, the State Steering Committee(SSC), headed by the Pr. Secretary/ Secretary will provide guidance. 2.2 Upgradaing Trg. Infrastructure in 100 Govt. ITIs/ Upgradation of ITIs As "Centres of Excellence" In order to facilitate improvement of the quality of training in ITIs, the Union Finance Minister in his Budget Speech 2004-05 announced measures for upgradation of 500 ITIs in the country. Subsequently, as per the advise of M/o Finance, action has been initiated to take up the task in two phases as given below:
l l

First phase- upgradation of 100 ITIs into 'Centres of Excellence' from domestic resources Second Phase: upgradation of 400 ITIs from World Bank assistance
29

The 100 ITI.s to be upgraded from domestic resources have been distributed in 26 States/UTs in proportion to the number of Government ITIs in these States subject to marginal adjustments, so that at least one ITI is covered for a State/UT except for J&K State which will be covered under the second phase. The vision of the Scheme is upgradation of 100 ITIs as "Centre of Excellence by improving infrastructural facilities , introduction of multiskilling modular courses and creating Public Private Partnership model for producing workforce of world standard. 2.3 Externally Aided Project for Reforms and Improvement in Vocational Training Services Rendered by the Central and the State Governments. (Year of Commencement: 2006-07) Union Finance Minister in his Budget Speech 2004-05 had announced measures for up-gradation of 500 ITIs in the country. Subsequently, as per the advice of M/o Finance, upgradation of 100 ITIs has been taken up from domestic resources and 400 ITIs through World Bank assistance. EFC has approved the World Bank assisted Vocational Training Improvement Project(VTIP) in its meeting held on 8th May 2007. Also, CCEA in its meeting held on 2nd August 2007, approved the scheme. Agreement has been signed with World Bank on for 2.11.2007(effective from 17th Dec 2008). The closing date of the Project is December 2012. Apart from upgradation of 400 ITIs, the project envisages overall improvement of Vocational Training in the country. Components like training of trainers of all the ITIs, policy studies and funds for innovations are part of the VTIP. The details of the components are as under: SNo 1 Component Upgradation of 400 ITIs : q for upgradation of 300 ITIs into CoE q for upgradation of 100 ITIs 2 3 Training of Trainers q Curricula development and Instructional Media Development q Apex Hitech Institute 4 5 6 Incentive fund Reform studies /innovation funds Project management / monitoring Miscellaneous Total
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Tentative Cost

Rs 928 crore Rs 196 crore Rs 50 crore Rs 7 crore Rs 32 crore Rs 106 crore Rs 88 crore Rs 123 crore Rs 52 crore Rs 1581 crore

100 ITIs were identified for upgradation during 2006-07 and 138 ITIs more have been identified during 2007-08, so far. Remaining 162 ITIs are being identified so that training in these ITIs are started under the project by 2008-09. The vision of the scheme is to improve the employment outcomes of graduates from the vocational training system, by making the design and delivery of training more demand responsive. 2.4 Skill Development Initiative

The goals and objectives of the scheme are to provide training to out of school youth, workers, ITI graduates etc. for improving their employability by optimally utilising infrastructure available in ITIs/ITCs and other organisations. Scheme will cater to the needs of all those who want to acquire skills or upgrade them to improve their employability. Existing skills of the persons can also be tested and certified under this scheme. Emphasis would be given to the courses to cater to the needs of unorganised economy.
l

The scheme would also aim at capacity building in the country in the area of development of competency standards, curricula, learning material, assessment standards to the Global Standards and also planning, implementation and monitoring of Skill Development programme for the unorganised sector etc. A team of experts in these areas would be developed.

The key features of the new frame work for skill development are:
l

Demand driven Short term training courses based on Modular Employable Skills decided in consultation with Industry Flexible delivery mechanism (part time, weekends, full time) Different levels of programmes (Foundation level as well as skill upgradation) to meet demands of various target groups Training to be provided by Vocational Training (VT) Providers under the Govt., Private Sector and Industrial establishments. Optimum utilisation of existing infrastructure to make training cost effective. Testing of skills of trainees by an independent assessing body who would not be involved in conduct of the training programme, to ensure that it is done impartially.

l l

l l

Development of a new strategic framework for skill development for the school drop- outs and existing workers especially in the informal sector in close consultation with Industry, micro enterprises in the informal sector, State Governments, experts, academia has been taken up. This was essential considering their educational, social and economical background. To provide training to 1 million persons in 5 years and thereafter one million every year by optimally utilising infrastructure available in ITIs/ITCs and other organisations
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2.5 Establishment of New Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) in North Eastern States, Sikkim and Jammu and Kashmir (Merged Centrally Sponsored Scheme) List of schemes merged and the year of their commencement (i) (ii) Establishment of new ITIs in North-Eastern States and Sikkim (2000-01) Strengthening and Modernisation of ITIs in the State of J&K (2004-05)

A Centrally Sponsored Scheme 'Establishment of New Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) in the North Eastern States and Sikkim was started from the Financial Year 2001-02 of the IX Plan period at a cost of Rs.100.00 crore. Expenditure Finance Committee approved the scheme in its meeting held on 11th January, 2001 and the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs approved it, in its meeting held on 20th March, 2001. The scheme comprises the following components (a) (b) (c) Establishment of 22 new ITIs with a total outlay of Rs.49.88 crore. Strengthening / Modernisation of 35 existing ITIs with a total outlay of Rs.49.02 crore Providing Technical Assistance for training of faculty / sponsored candidates from NE Region, conducting surveys / studies / seminars / workshops for effective implementation of the scheme. The approved outlay for this scheme is Rs.1.10 crore.

The Planning Commission had accorded 'in principle' approval of the Centrally Sponsored Scheme "Strengthening and Modernisation of ITIs in the State of Jammu & Kashmir" on 17th /20th December, 1999 during IX plan period, and on 16th September, 2002, during X Plan period. Subsequently, as per the directive of Planning Commission, the above stated scheme was merged with the ongoing Centrally Sponsored Scheme for Establishment of new Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) in the North Eastern States & Sikkim. The extended scheme will, in addition to the sub-schemes of North Eastern States, include the following sub schemes also for J&K State, which are envisaged to modernize and expand the Craftsmen Training Scheme in the State with following components: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) Upgradation /diversification of existing ITIs Establishment of new Women's ITI at Jammu Establishment of Women's Wing Technical Assistance Strengthening of State Directorate

The extended scheme, 'Establishment of new ITIs in North-Eastern States, Sikkim and Jammu and Kashmir' at a total cost of Rs.137 crore will be 100% Centrally funded Plan Scheme, to be financed from the Plan funds, provided during the 10th Plan Period. However
32

on the advice of PMO establishment of 3 new I T Is have been approved by the Planning Commission - two in the state of Sikkim and one in Assam, with a additional allocation of 13.7 crore, within the existing scheme. As the establishment of 3 additional new I T Is in the North Eastern States and Sikkim will take time, approval was sought for extension of the project. CCEA in its meeting held on 23rd August 2007 has approved continuation on the N.E. & JK project for 2 years in the XIth Plan till 31.3.2009 as per the following:
l

ongoing component on North East Project ( outlay of Rs.100 crores) - One year till 31.3.2008 Establishment of 3 New I T Is (outlay of 13.7 crores)- two years till 31.3.2009 Jammu & Kashmir component (outlay of 37 crores)- two years till 31.3.2009.

l l

In the merged CSS, the pattern for phase-wise transfer of recurring liabilities proposed for the North-Eastern States is the same as the pattern for transfer in J&K. The 100% recurring costs under the scheme would be borne by the Central Government during the extended period as approved by CCEA, and would be passed on to the concerned state Governments after the end of the project duration. The scheme would benefit the N.E. region and the State of J&K as follows: (a) N.E. Region
l

Creating and developing infrastructure for training of youth in the identified skill areas as per demand pattern of the region. Introducing new trade courses in 22 new ITIs and 35 existing ITIs, thus more than doubling the seating capacity from 7244 to 16144. Improving quality of ITI trainers by training and upgrading their knowledge and skills Increasing employability of the local youth thus preventing large scale frustration and insurgency.

l l

(b) J &K State The deficiencies will be made up and training facilities modernized in the 102 popular trade units functioning in the 37 ITIs of the State
l

73 Popular trade units will be introduced in the existing ITIs of the State, which will include 23 modern NCVT trades being introduced in the State for the first time Multi-skilling is being introduced as a New concept, by the introduction of 3 such trades in 2 major ITIs of the State There will be an effective increase of 1366 seats by the introduction of modern / popular trades after the deletion of unpopular trades Another 440 seats will be added by the introduction of short-term courses for the different target groups raising the total availability of seats from the present 4364 to 6200 seats.
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The State, thus, will get much closer to the national average of the availability of seats for Vocational Training, as the situation will get improved to the availability of 1 seat for every 1695 persons from the present 1 seat for 2440 persons, vis-a-vis the national average of 1 seat for 1575 persons 2.6 Foremen Training Institutes / Setting up of Foremen Training Institutes at Bangalore and Jamshedpur 1. Expansions and Development of Supervisory Training at Foremen Training Institute Bangalore

2. Setting up of Foremen Training Institute ,Jamshedpur (1982-83). Under the Constitution of India, Vocational Training is a concurrent subject concerning both the Central and State Governments. Implementation of Vocational Training in the country is the responsibility of the DGE&T, Ministry of Labour. Within the policy framework, training of highly skilled craftsmen and supervisors is one of the constituents of Vocational Training. Supervisory Training envisages technological and behavioural upgradation of supervisory skills. In order to cope up with the changing industrial scenario, the DGE&T established two Foremen Training Institutes at Bangalore and Jamshedpur The objectives of the Scheme are (i) To train the existing and potential shop-floor Supervisors, Foremen & Engineers from Industries in Technical & Managerial skills through short-term & long-term courses. (ii) To bridge the gap between formal education and demand of industries for personnel at supervisory level. (iii) To train and develop working supervisor in industries to meet technological changes, besides improving their skills, technical ability & morale to achieve higher productivity & optimum utilization of available resources more efficiently. As per the directive of the Planning Commission, two on-going Plan Schemes, with similar scopes / objectives, namely, 'Setting up of FTI, Jamshedpur' and 'Expansion & Development of Supervisory Training at FTI, Bangalore' have been merged together and renamed as 'Diversification & Expansion of Foremen Training Institutes'. The Foremen Training Institute (FTI) at Bangalore was set up in the year 1978 followed by FTI at Jamshedpur in the year 1983. The vision of the Scheme is to target and train potential shop-floor Supervisors, Foremen & Engineers of Industries both from public and private sectors in Technical & Managerial skills. Thus, the scheme will continue to exist to bridge the gap between the supply and demand of highly skilled craftsmen and supervisors in the labour market. FTI, Bangalore is fully equipped with the required infrastructure. Adequate accommodation is made available and the training is in full swing. Whereas, FTI, Jamshedpur, has been functioning in a limited accommodation provided by the State Govt. which, has been asking the Institute to vacate its premises.
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2.7 Diversification, Upgradation & Expansion of Advanced / Central Training Institutes and Introduction of Hi-Tech Training (C S S-MERGED) Year of Commencement 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. : 2006-07/2007-08 List of Schemes merged & the year of their commencement Modernisation & Expansion of Instructors Training Programme at 5 ATIs & CTI Chennai (2000-2001). Setting up of Advance Training Institute for Electronics Process control Instruments at Dehradun. (1981-82) Advance Vocational Training System( Phase-II) (1982-83) Setting up of Regional Maintenance Service Centres in 6 ATIs [EMS} (1989-90). Introduction of Hi-tech Training (1989-90)

Under the Constitution of India, Vocational Training is a concurrent subject of both the Central and State Governments. Implementation of Vocational Training in the country is the responsibility of the DGE&T, Ministry of Labour. Within the policy framework, Diversification and expansion of skill development at advance level of training is one of the constituents of Vocational Training. The five Schemes mentioned above have been merged in the Scheme 'Diversification, Upgradation & Expansion of Advanced/ Central Training Institutes and Introduction of HiTech Training. The Scheme would cater to the training needs of (i) Instructors from ITIs/ ITCs, serving Industrial workers in specialized and advanced skill areas, (ii) Develop new generation of workers for high-tech discipline, both in operation and maintenance by setting up high-tech units in 10 Central Institutes (Apex)/ ATIs/ NVTI/ RVTIs to serve local and regional markets in relevant technologies at advanced and specialized levels. (iii) To organize advanced training programmes of short duration for serving industrial workers and (iv) To conduct high technology specialized training programmes for upgrading the skills of existing workforce to make them globally competent. As per the directive of Planning Commission, the above listed five on-going Plan schemes, which have identical scope/objectives, have been merged together and renamed as 'Diversification & Expansion of Advanced / Central Training Institutes' w.e.f. the year 2006-07. Various advanced training activities are conducted to keep the skilled personnel abreast of technological upgradation in Industry. The vision of the scheme is to meet the growing demand for highly skilled personnel, the on-going training activities would be strengthened and continued.
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2.8 Upgradation of Training Infrastructure in DGE&T Institutes including CSTARI (C S S-MERGED) List of schemes merged and the year of their commencement (i) (ii) Upgradation of Training Infrastructure in DGE&T Institutes (2001-02). Construction of Building for CSTARI & Staff, Kolkata (1993-94)

As per the directive of Planning Commission, the on-going Plan Scheme with similar scope, namely, 'Construction of Building for CSTARI &Staff ' has been merged under the scheme, 'Upgradation of Training Infrastructure in DGE&T Institutes'. Under the Scheme, provision has been kept for the replacement of old machinery and equipment, which are beyond economic repairs in view of their prolonged use and for the procurement of new machinery/equipment to modernise the existing training facilities at ten DGE&T Institutes, viz., six ATIs located at Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Ludhiana, Kanpur, Hyderabad and CTI, Chennai, ATI-EPI, Hyderabad, CSTARI, Calcutta, and FTI, Bangalore and 4 RDATs at Chennai, Kanpur, Kolkata and Mumbai. Apart from procurement of machinery/equipment, provision has also been kept for minor alterations in the institute buildings, hostels, staff quarters, etc. Periodic maintenance of Institute and hostel buildings are carried out by way of renovation. Also, obsolete machinery and equipment in the institutes are being updated with new ones, keeping in pace with the latest technological demands. The afore-stated building of the Institutes & hostels, were constructed about 25 to 35 years ago and need repairs/ renovations from time to time. Due to paucity of funds with CPWD, they are not in a position to undertake the repairs. Thus to carry out the necessary repairs, the scheme has to be continued. Also outdated and worn out equipment in the Institutes would be modernized. 2.9 Building Equipment & Establishment of RVTIs ( Central sector Scheme) The scheme envisages the following:
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All the 7 RVTIs under this scheme are providing training facilities. Four institutes are operating from own new buildings and three are operating from temporary buildings. The training capacity has been enhanced from 716 in 2002 to about 1300 in 2006-07. Construction of the institute buildings, staff quarters & trainees hostels for RVTIs at Vadodara, Indore and panipat (location of Hisar to be changed to Panipat as land has been provided in Panipat), To meet recurring expenditure for conducting of courses at RVTIs.

The sanctioned training capacity of the institutes under regular training courses is being fully utilized. In addition, short term courses are also being conducted and more than 1500 trainees have already been trained under short-term courses during the F.Y. 2007-08.
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Institute buildings for RVTI Jaipur, Tura, Kolkata & Allahabad have been constructed & taken over. As regards RVTI Vadodara, Indore & Hisar, the work of construction of buildings has been sanctioned to CPWD. The scheme has been approved in June 2006 by the EFC and construction of buildings, filling up of vacant posts & creation of posts is in progress to take up the remaining training activities. The sanctioned training capacity of the institutes under regular training courses is being fully utilized. Besides regular courses short-term courses to more than 1300 candidates are also offered annually. The response for the vocational training in the Institutes has been good. Construction of buildings for the remaining 3 institutes has been sanctioned to CPWD and the work has been initiated. New posts have been created during the financial year 2007-08 the posts are being filled up to meet the objectives of the scheme and therefore, the scheme needs to be continued. It is expected that after the training activities (for all 7 institutes) are fully operational from the institute's own buildings, more than 1000 new training seats would be introduced in regular long-term courses. Besides, the number of trainees to be trained in short-term courses is also expected to increase proportionately. 2.10 Diversification, Upgradation & Expansion of Training to Women The scheme has been formed by merging of various schemes. The latest merging was done in 2007-08 i.e. beginning of the XI Plan. The objectives/Scope of the Scheme are:
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To impart vocational training to women in different skill areas. Strengthening of training infrastructure facilities at NVTI, Noida and RVTIs Mumbai, Bangalore, Trivandrum, Hisar, Kolkata and Tura. Strengthening and consolidation of training programmes courses introduced in the NVTI/ RVTIs; Construction of hostels for trainees at RVTIs. Replacement/revamping of obsolete/beyond economic repairable equipment, Additions/alteration in the existing institute buildings and providing gen-sets for uninterrupted power supply, Organising of short-term courses to cover candidates who do not possess qualifications prescribed for admission to regular courses; Setting up of Placement Cells at NVTI Noida and 6 RVTIs (Mumbai, Bangalore, Trivandrum, Kolkata, Hisar & Tura) to provide placement assistance to passed out women for wage/self-employment and Follow-up activities for evaluation of occupational ability of the ex-trainees. Drawing Plan for expanding and strengthening the women's vocational Training
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l l l

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programme with special focus on the existing women vocational training programme under DGET;
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Implementation and monitoring of the progress of plan schemes relating to women training under DGET. Training administration related to NVTI/RVTIs, their establishment, roster, transfer, posting, contract facilities, court cases etc. Formulation of Plan proposals & budgets at various stages; The sanctioned training capacity of the institutes under the scheme is 1204(816+388) under regular training. In addition, short term courses are also being conducted and more than 500 trainees have been trained under short term courses during the F.Y. 2007-08.

Hostel buildings for NVTI and 3 RVTIs -Trivandrum, Kolkata & Bangalore have been constructed. For RVTI-Tura hostel has been constructed and taken over in January 2008 from CPWD. Gen-sets for uninterrupted power supply has been provided at NVTI Noida. Class room furniture and essential tools and equipment are being procured for the new training units introduced under the scheme, mainly as a part of the special drive launched by the Ministry to increase the training capacity of the institutes. Placement Cells have been started in NVTI Noida, RVTI Bangalore & RVTI Hisar with skeleton staff. The Placement Cells at NVTI Noida was started in Nov. 2001. Out of 12 posts of Junior Technical assistant & Data Entry operator, 8 have been filled, the remaining posts have been revived and action is being taken for filling up. As the requisite infrastructure for the smooth operation of the institute has been created and there is an increasing demand for the courses which are being organized on regular basis, therefore, training activities for women need to be extended. The training capacity under the scheme has increased from 692 training seats in 200203 to 1204 seats in 2007. Besides a number of short term courses have also been organized. The courses offered are in demand and as such, are required to be continued. To cater to the increasing demand and also to equip the women candidates with the requisite skills enabling them for wage/self employment activities need to be expanded. The placement cells would perform activities related to the Placement of trained candidates and also undertake follow-up activities for evaluation of occupational ability of the ex-trainees. The activities viz. implementation & monitoring of training programmes at field institutes and to liaise with State Governments under the scheme are of continuing nature and therefore, to carry out the scheme objectives, facilities already created would be utilized continually.
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2.11

Model Industrial Training Institutes (MITIs) (Central Sector Scheme)

The goals and objectives of the Scheme are (i) To ensure steady flow of skilled workers. (ii) To raise the quality and quantity of Industrial Production by systematic training of potential workers.(iii) To redce unemployment among educated youth by equipping them with suitable skills for suitable employment. The Craftsmen Training is being implemented through a wide network of ITIs/ITCs on conventional pattern in the country administered by all the State Governments/UT Administration and Private Sector respectively. Keeping in view the technological developments in industry, the Scheme for establishment of four Model Industrial Training Institutes at Calicut, Choudhwar, Haldwani and Jodhpur was taken up in 1981-82, on the recommendation of the Expert Committee on Training (Qadir Committee) for experimenting the restructured pattern of craftsmen training, where, training courses both broad based basic and specialized modules are being conducted at these institutes on regular basis. In order to cope up with the changing industrial scenario, the conventional method of craftsmen training is being experimented in four MITIs with the restructured pattern, which envisages coverage of training of broad based basic and specialised modules on the recommendation of the Expert Committee on Training (Qadir Committee). 2.12 National Instructional Media Institute, Chennai (Erstwhile Central Instructional Media Institute, Madras) NIMI was set up in the name of Central Instructional Media Institute (CIMI) in December, 1986 by the Govt. of India as a subordinate office under DGE&T, Ministry of Labour & Employment with the assistance from Govt. of Germany through GTZ (German Agency for Technical Co-operation) as the executing agency. The main objective is to make available well prepared Instructional material for the use of trainees and trainers for securing overall improvement in the standard of the training imparted in (i) ITIs/ITCs and (ii) Industrial Establishments implementing Apprenticeship Training Programme under the Apprentices Act, 1961. 2.13 Upgradation of Apprenticeship Training List of Schemes merged with year of their commencement are: i. ii. iii. iv. Establishment of RDAT, Faridabad (1985) Establishment of RDAT, Hyderabad (1984). Enhancement of RI Charges Setting Up of Basic Training Centre at Kanpur

The Vocational Training System under Ministry of Labour and Employment (DGE&T) is one of the most comprehensive of the training systems in the country. Under the system, the Craftsmen Training Scheme (CTS) and Apprenticeship Training Scheme (ATS) are two important schemes covering a network of about 5114 ITIs /ITCs and about
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20,800 establishments imparting vocational training. The Craftsmen Training Scheme provides a structured institutional training, while the Apprenticeship Training Scheme (ATS) is a combination of institutional and on-the-job training in which the trainees are exposed to industrial environment. As per the concept both the schemes are inter-linked and dovetailed to achieve more effective end results. The goals and objectives of the Scheme are as follows: 1. To regulate the programme of training of trade apprentices under Apprenticeship Training Scheme in Central Sector establishments so as to conform to the prescribed syllabi, period of training, etc., as laid down by the Central Apprenticeship Council; and to fully utilise the training facilities available in the Central Sector Establishments for imparting practical training with a view to meet the requirements of skilled workers in the industries. To ensure effective functioning of the Apprenticeship Training Programmes (under the Apprentices Act 1961) for trade apprentices in the Central Sector in the State of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Delhi and Union Territory of Chandigarh. 2. To provide basic training facilities to the trade apprentices engaged under the Apprentices Act, 1961. The Apprentices Act 1961 was enacted with the following objectives:
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To regulate the programme of training of apprentices in the industries so as to conform to prescribed syllabi / / approved programme, period of training, etc. as laid down by the Central Apprenticeship Council. To utilize the facilities available in the industry for imparting practical training with a view to meet the requirement of skilled manpower / supervisors in the industries. It is obligatory on the part of employers both in the Public and Private sector establishments having requisite training infrastructure to engage apprentices under the Apprentice Act 1961 as per the quota fixed by the respective Central / State Apprenticeship Advisor and provide them basic and shop floor training as per the prescribed syllabi / approved programme. The employers are also required to fulfil the following statutory obligations under the Act.

To ensure that person possessing prescribed qualification is placed in charge of the training of the apprentices and to provide adequate instructional staff, possessing prescribed qualification for imparting practical and theoretical training To bear recurring cost in connection with the basic training, if such employer employs more than two hundred fifty workers and more. Strengthening of Trainer's Skill and MIS (Year of Commencement: 2007-08) List of Schemes merged & the year of their commencement are: 1. Strengthening of NVTS & Formation of AICVT ( 2000-01 )
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2.14

2. Technical Assistance (1989-90) 3. Media Resouce Centre (1995-96) 4. Management Information System (1989-90) The objective of the Scheme is to (i) design parameters of the National Vocational Training System (NVTS) to align the system with social and economic needs in the field of the Vocational Training (ii) provide inland, in-house and overseas training to staff engaged under the Vocational Training Project including staff training programme to the trainers deputed from different States including youth from North-Eastern States and Sikkim under the Centrally Sponsored Scheme "Establishment of ITI s In North Eastern States and Sikkim" announced and formulated under PM's package to various field institutes of DGE&T (iii)upgrade Instructional capabilities of trainers in ITIs through direct training in the application and development of modern Instructional teach-ware and (iv) improve NVTS planning, management and supervision by establishing Management Information System at different levels. Staff training is an essential input that helps in updating the technical and pedagogical knowledge of the trainers who are the backbone of the DGET's vocational training system in India. Training courses as envisaged under the scheme are being conducted at different DGE&T field institutes. A comprehensive Management Information System is to be established for which application software is being developed by NIC. DGET's website has been created. The Media Resource Centers have been set up in 10 existing DGE&T institutes after renovations/ modifications in the existing infrastructure in the DGE&T institutes. The scheme is being implemented in these institutes. Training schedule for the Calendar Year is prepared by each field institute and the same is forwarded to different states for sponsoring trainers from different states. Keeping in view the overwhelming response from the States for training seats, the activities of 200607 would continue during the year 2007-08. Field inst itutes where the management information system has not been developed earlier have been taken up during the Tenth Five Year Plan. This involves site preparation, procurement of hardware and development of application software for the remaining field institutes. MIS packages as developed by NIC are being field tested and installed in the respective MIS units. Training of the users in the application of software's would be carried out during the Financial Year 2008-09. There is an overwhelming response by the states for sponsoring the candidates for training. As continued training of trainers in the use and development of modern teaching aids is essential, it is proposed that the activities of the financial year 2006-07 be continued during the financial year 2007-08. The two important schemes of DGE&T under the National Vocational Training System (NVTS) are the Craftsmen Training Scheme (CTS) and the Apprenticeship Training Scheme (ATS). Besides, there are a large number of training providers in the field of Vocational Training located in different Central Ministries and State Governments as also in Private Sector. By restructuring the NVTS and formation of the AICVT, the training programmes / schemes run be various Central Ministries and departments in the country are expected to be aligned under AICVT and are to be kept abreast of the technological development and occupational requirements.
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2.15 Project Implementation & Trade Testing in DGET H.Q. Year of Commencement:1989-90 The goals and objectives of the Scheme are : (i) To implement and monitor the continuing Plan Schemes under the Central component including Centralised procurement of equipment for DGE&T field institutes of the erstwhile Vocational Training Project. (ii) To implement the Scheme of 'Establishment of new ITIs in the North Eastern States and Sikkim' (iii) Formulation and implementation of 'Reforms and improvement in Vocational Training Services rendered by the Central and State Governments (Vocational Training Improvement Project) with financial assistance from World Bank and to strengthen and modernize the trade testing system and carry out the documentation work relating to trade testing. Central Project Implementation Unit was created to implement and monitor the World Bank assisted Vocational Training project under Central and State sector components. After the closure of World Bank assistance on 31.12.1998, the remaining activities of the project were continued with the domestic funding during the Ninth Plan period. During the Tenth Plan period, some of the central sector schemes have continued to be implemented through this unit and also new projects / initiatives related to strengthening /modernization of Vocational Training has been added. The vision of the scheme is to facilitate implementation, monitoring and evaluation of activities related to Centrally Sponsored for North Eastern States, upgradation of 100 ITIs as Centres of Excellence and other Central Sector schemes. It has also taken up new proposed scheme for upgradation of 400 ITIs through World Bank assistance as announced by Finance Minister's budget speech 2004-05. Therefore, Central Project Implementation Unit (CPIU) would continue to provide overall coordination with the State /UT Government on activities related to budgeting /controlling project finances, procurement of equipment, design /construction of buildings, coordinating training of staff, evaluating implementation performance and providing general administrative support. Note: Upgradation of Training Institutes In the outlay for 2008-2009 following 5 ongoing schemes have been merged and renamed as Upgradation of Training Institutes. The main objectives of the Scheme are upgradation & expansion of training facilities, replacement of obsolete machinery equipments, maintenance of institute building and to regulate industrial Establishments Under Apprentices Act 1961 and trained apprentices. (a) Upgradation of App. Trg. (at Sl. No. 2.10) (b) Div./Upgradation & Expansion of Trg. To Woman, Strengthening of RVTIs for women and Estt. of placement Cell. (at Sl. No. 2.5)
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(c) Div./Upgradation & Expansion of Advanced / Central Training Institute and introduction of Hi-Tech Trg. (at Sl. No. 2.2) (d) Strengthening of Trainer's skill and MIS. (at Sl. No. 2.11) (e) Upgradation of Training Infrastructure in DGET institutes including CSTARI). (at Sl. No. 2.3) ] 2.16 Certification of Skills for workers in the Informal Sector (CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEM E) The scheme of Testing and Certification of skills of Workers in the Informal Sector would aim at the following: Identifying the areas to be covered under the scheme, Defining the competency skill levels & knowledge components for various identified trades, Evolving a credible system of skill testing and certification and Identifying the institutions/ NGOs who will be engaged for testing and certification work. There are a large number of workers who have acquired skills in an informal manner either through family tradition/ occupation or by virtue of being in employment in a particular trade for a long time. However, the skills acquired by them, have not been tested and certified. Hence, the wage earning capacity is not commensurate with the levels of skill, which they possess. Lack of certification restricts their employment opportunities. Therefore, a system of testing and certification of such skills of the work force in the informal sector would be necessary to improve their employment opportunities as well as their potential to earn higher wages, commensurate with their level of skills Such a system is prevalent in several countries like U K, Phillippines, Singapore, Mauritius, Australia, etc. The size of the informal economy in India is large and about 92% of the total work force is engaged in the informal economy. In the urban areas especially because of continued migration from rural areas the numbers are increasing. The informal sector comprises small and micro enterprises, self-employed persons engaged in production/ services activities, contractual Labour, etc. Urban informal sector has played a major role in generating economic activity and providing employment in India since long time. Annually about 8-9 million persons are being added to this workforce. Significant employment generation and selfemployment is taking place in tertiary sector particularly in service, construction, hospitality sectors. In order to meet the requirements of the workforce in informal sector, a scheme like,' Testing and Certification of Skills of Workers in Informal Sector' is to be continued. 2.17 The following are some of the Schemes of DGET having only Non Plan component: 2.17.1. Directorate General of Employment and Training The expenditure on the pay and allowances as well as travel expenses of officers and staff at DGET (HQrs) and PAO, DGET, New Delhi are met from this scheme. Funds are also utilized for modernization of the office space allotted to DGET at Shram Shakti Bhawan and Jamnagar House. The material for the Trade Testing Cell is got printed from
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Govt. of India press Mayapuri from funds available in the scheme. In addition the expenditure on Advertisements brought out by Central Employment Exchange in the Employment News is also met from the scheme. 2.17.2 Data Processing Unit The Data Processing Unit compiles statistical data . Data in respect of following are processed by D.P.U: (i) Employment Exchange Statistics (ii) Quick Estimates of Employment (iii) Quarterly Employment Review (iv) Annual Employment Review (v) Educational, Occupational and Industrial profile of employees in India (vi). Trade Apprenticeship Training in India under the Apprenticeship Training Scheme (vii). Census of Central Government Employees (viii) Bulletin on Job Opportunities in India 2.17.3 Central Institute for Research and Training in Employment Service (C.I.R.T.E.S) 3. (i) (ii) (iii) Central Institute for Research and Training in Employment Service is engaged in the following activities: Planning and conducting training programmes for Employment at State, National and International levels. Service Personnel

Conducting research in problems concerning the activities of employment service. Development and publication of career literature and Audio Visual aids for use in Vocational Guidance and Career Advising Programmes.

(iv) Development of motivational material for promotion of Self-Employment. 2.17.4. Strengthening of Employment Exchange/ U.E.I.G.Bs to promote Self Employment Self Employment Programme was undertaken due to the general shortfall in wage based jobs. The Employment Exchanges have been assigned an important role in this area to motivate the unemployed youth. Self Employment Promotion Cells (SEPC) in 28 selected Employment Exchanges were established in the country. Out of these , now 22 Self Employment Cells (SEPCs) are in existence . During 2006-07 the number of placements made was 5401, out of which 4007 were men and 1394 were women. About 2.2 lakh persons were on the Live Register of aspirants seeking Self Employment assistance during this period. From April 2007 to December 2007, 5494 persons were placed out of which 4274 were men and 1220 were women and about 1.80 lakh persons were on the Live Register.
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2.17.5. Advanced/ Central Training Institute for Instructors The scheme of training of Crafts Instructors is in operation in 5 Advanced Training institutes at Howrah, Ludhiana, Kanpur, Hyderabad and Mumbai and also at the Central Training Institute at Chennai. Under the scheme, Crafts Instructors needed for Industrial Training Institutes and establishments engaging apprentices are trained. The duration of long term training courses is one year. Refresher as well as short Term Modular Courses are also conducted for instructors. The refresher training is of six months duration .To each of above ATI/CTI a Model Training Institute which functions on the pattern of Vocational Training Institutes is attached, providing the facilities for practice of teaching by instructor Trainers of ATI/CTI . Modular Courses of Training for Craft Instructors are organized at ATI-Hyderabad and CTI-Chennai. 2.17.6. National Council for Training in Vocational Trades The National Council for Vocational Training is a tripartite body representing industry, Government and workers organizations set-up by the Government of India to advise it in the formulation of national policies on Vocational Training Programmes. The meeting of NCVT was held on 17th December 2007. 2.17.7. Progressive Trade Test Training Programme under the Apprentices Act require periodical evaluation in order to know and ensure the adequacy and quality of instructional staff, ideal working condition, appropriate equipment, suitably drawn curriculam and ideal working practices. Such evaluation is neither possible at the terminal stages of training when final trade tests are held nor is it possible by the departmental inspections when several other administrative matters have also to be examined and attended to. The need for the system of progressive trade test was felt and appreciated as far back as December 1964 when the NCVT discussed it in its meeting. A sub committee appointed for examining the proposal in detail prepared the scheme for conducting periodical trade tests. The following salient features were highlighted: To check the methodology adopted for training To periodically assess the proficiency attained by the apprentices To examine the shortcomings of training and to suggest ways and means for the improvement of standards To ensure that proper techniques of teaching, effective demonstrations at matching stage and proper use of audio-visual aids are made by the instructional staff. 2.17.8. All India Skill Competition for ITIs All India skill Competition for I T Is is held annually for fostering the spirit of healthy competition among various I T Is and for raising the standard of skill of trainees. The 42nd All India Skill Competitions for Craftsmen was held in January 2007. At present this competition is held in fourteen trades, viz Cutting & Sewing, Instrument Mechanic, Electronics Mechanic, Draughtsman b(Mechanical), Foundryman, Turner, COPA, Mechanic (Diesel), Draughtsman (Civil), Machinist, Fitter, Electrician, Mechanic (Motor Vehicle).
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The best trainee in each trade is warded a cash prize of Rs. 10,000/- and a Merit Certificate. The President Running shield and a Merit Certificate are warded to the best state. 2.17.9. Advanced Training Institute, Chennai The Advanced training Instituteat Chennai was set up by the Government of India with assistance from U.N.D.P./ I.L.O. in the year 1968. It is situated on a sprawling 40 acres land with well designed workshops, laboratories with modern sophisticated equipment and imported and indigenous machinery. Canteen, dispensary and hostel facilities are also available inside the campus. The training is imparted using most modern teaching aids through highly qualified and experienced faculty trained at home/ abroad. Apart from regular training programmes, special tailor made courses are also conducted in the Institute to meet the special training requirements of industry. The programmes conducted by the ATI are short term programmes of 1 to 4 weeks duration. Courses offered are practical, intensive in nature and on such equipment and machinery as are used in industry. The theoretical knowledge given in the Institute is such as to complement the practical knowledge. The upgradation and updating of skills cover both manipulative skills as well as conceptual skills. The training also includes assigned practical work which could be a problem relating to the industry or a problem devised by the faculty for the training. 2.17.10. Advanced Training Institute for Electronics & Process Instrumentation The first ATI for Electronics and Process Instrumentation was established at Hyderabad with ILO assistance. It started training activities from January 1976. The Institute trains highly skilled technicians in the field of Consumer, Industrial and medical Electronics and Process Instrumentation according to the needs of industries. It also caters to the training requirements of instructors in these fields under Craftsmen and Apprenticeship training Scheme. In financial year 2006-07 a total of 221 Long term and Short Term courses have been conducted at ATI(EPI), Hyderabad. 2.17.11. National / Regional Vocational Training Institutes Under this Scheme three institutes viz. the National Vocational Training Institute for Women at NOIDA and Regional Vocational Training Institutes for Women at Mumbai and Bangalore were set up under Plan Scheme in the year 1977 and converted to Non Plan in 1986-87. Training is provided in following fields: (A) Basic/ Advance Skill Courses: Dress Making ( Basic & Adv) Secretarial Practice (Basic & Adv) Electronics (Basic & Adv) Hair and Skin Care ( Basic & Advance) Embroidery & Needle Craft ( Advanced only)

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(B) Post Advance Skill Courses: Principles of Teaching (POT) 2.17.12. Central Staff Training and Research Institute, Kolkotta The Institute was set-up in 1966 with technical assistance from the Government of Federal Republic of Germany with the objective to conduct training programmes for executive staff to undertake applied research in the field of Vocational Training and to develop and disseminate instructional materials and Projected/non-Projected training aids. Training Programmes are conducted for trainers and junior/Seniors management personnel engaged in planning, execution, control and evaluation of Vocational training programmes 2.17.13. Central Apprenticeship Council and Award of Prizes under Apprentices Act 1961 The CAC is an apex statutory body which advises the Government on laying down of policies and prescribing norms and standards in respect of Apprenticeship Training Scheme. It is tripartite by constitution with members from the Central and State Government/UTs, Employers and Trade Unions. The 30th meeting of the CAC was held on 29th August 2006 at New Delhi. The Council urged to increase the participation of women in Apprenticeship Training. There are 67 members in the CAC other than the Chairman and Vice Chairman. The CAC advises the Central Government in the framing of rules under the Apprentices Act helping it to determine the, standards of education , period of apprenticeship training , physical fitness to be possessed by persons to be engaged as trade apprentices. 2.17.14.Regional Directorates of Apprenticeship Training The objective of the Apprenticeship Training scheme is to regulate the programme of training of apprentices under the Apprentices Act 1961 to conform to the prescribed syllabi period of training etc. as laid down by the Central Apprenticeship Council and to utilize fully the training facilities available in the industries for imparting practical Training. Apprenticeship training is provided in the industries in 187 designated trades for trade apprentices. The entry qualification varies from 8th pass to B.Sc pass. The period of Apprenticeship Training varies from 6 months to 4 years. DGET is responsible for implementation of the Apprentices Act 1961 in respect of Central sector Establishments through six regional Directorates of Apprenticeship Training. The RDAT at Kolkata, Kanpur, Mumbai and Chennai are in the Non-Plan Scheme. 2.17.15. UNDP Technical Assistance for establishing NC/ CNC Training facilities at ATI, Chennai, Kanpur and Mumbai NC/CNC Training Centres were established at Chennai, Mumbai and Kanpur during the period 1987-1991 with UNDP/ILO assistance. The objective is to train industrial workers/ Supervisors from all over the country in the area of NC/CNC programming, operation and maintenance. Industrial workers/ supervisors continue to train under the scheme.
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