Chapter I

INTRODUCTION
Introduction
Batangas State University The National Engineering University (BSU

TNEU) - Masaguitsit, Lobo Campus is located at Brgy. Masaguitsit, Lobo,

Batangas. This semester of the academic year 2022-2023, the total population of

the students of the said campus is two hundred fifty-four (254) students, and the

total number of employees is twenty-five (25). Shown in Figure 1 is the current Site

Development Plan (SDP) of the campus that shows the layout of the school

premises.

Figure 1
Site Development Plan of BSU TNEU - Masaguitsit, Lobo Campus

Figure 1 presents the site development plan of BSU TNEU - Masaguitsit,

Lobo Campus. The total land area of the campus is 1200 sq. m. that comprises

the buildings namely, Higher Education Building (HEB), Gymnasium, VIP

CORALS, Campus Clinic, and a Guard House.

 2

As limited face-to-face classes are gradually being embraced by all the

Batangas State University campuses and specifically, BSU TNEU - Masaguitsit,

Lobo Campus faces numerous problems with their Waste Management System

(WMS) as a result of the absence of a Material Recovery Facility (MRF) inside the

University. Due to inefficient and ineffective management, an excessive amount of

waste generated can cause various diseases and environmental degradation

(Bahamnia et al., 2020). Human health is substantially associated with

environmental degradation (Shukla et al., 2000). However, before the MRF

construction, an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is needed for a more

efficient and effective waste management system, specifically biodegradable,

recyclable, and residual wastes.

Additionally, the barangay officials at Brgy. Masaguitsit does not strictly

carry out the Republic Act 9003 (RA 9003) regarding its implementation and

monitoring. The Barangay Chairman of Brgy. Masaguitsit mentioned that the

community is well aware of the act concerning the proper handling and disposal of

waste. However, there is no regular inspection by the Municipal Environmental and

Natural Resources Office (MENRO), which leads to an absence of commitment

among the residents to compliance. In line with this, the attention of Brgy,

Masaguitsit is not fully drawn to their compliance with the Prohibited Acts,

specifically Open dumping and burning. Currently, the WMS of the said

municipality lacks monitoring. Whenever local governments in developing

countries think they have no other choices for handling their solid waste, they

frequently opt for waste disposal methods that are hazardous to both the
 3

environment and human health, like open dumping and burning or uncontrolled

landfills (Mwanthi and Nyabola, 1997; Goett, 1998; Alavi Moghadam et al., 2009;

Narayana, 2009; Al-Khatib et al., 2015; Hilburn, 2015). Hence, the situation of the

BSU TNEU - Masaguitsit, Lobo Campus is similar to the previous statement

above.

In the year 2015, the construction of the campus was achieved, but it was

inhabited after three years. A year after the inhabitation, the campus university

paused its administration except for some faculties due to the pandemic COVID

19. Hence, the campus was only occupied this year, 2022. On August 8, 2022, the

campus released and implemented Memorandum Order No. 23 or the "Waste-In-

Waste-Out" (WI-WO) policy since there is no existing facility like an MRF inside

the premises to store the daily generated wastes. This policy suggests that all

students, faculties, staff, and visitors bring their waste back from the point of

generation.

In contrast, other recyclable wastes that fail to be brought back will be

segregated inside the campus and subdued for collection administered by the

barangay officials. However, the biodegradable and residual wastes generated

inside and outside the campus are subjected to open burning in the salvage zone.

Also, the produced hazardous wastes are stored beside the canteen, without

proper storage and handling. Shown in Figure 2 is the frequent state of the existing

solid waste disposal, where it presents the generated yard waste and residual of

the campus.
 4

Figure 2
Present Condition of Disposal in BSU TNEU - Masaguitsit, Lobo
(a) Before open burning (b) After open burning
Photo Taken: September 22, 2022, at BSU TNEU - Masaguitsit Lobo Campus

As shown in Figure 2, ashes and burnt soil are traces of open burning inside

the campus. Yard wastes and a small amount of recyclable and residual wastes

are seen together in their final disposal.

Lobo Water District is the water service provider that supplies the BSU-

TNEU Masaguitsit, Lobo Campus. Still, the institution has a cistern tank where

water is stored in case of water shortage brought by the provider. Also, this service

provider hands the water testing results to the University to ensure the quality of

the water distribution. Currently, there are two buildings such as the HEB and a

newly built building on the campus named VIP CORALS, but this building has

remained non-operational because the project has not yet been settled. Each

building has a septic tank where the produced sewage is stored. Upon the

construction of the buildings, none of the septic tanks are required for siphoning

due to the minimal amount of waste the campus generates.

The use and implementation of EMPs have been gradual in developing

countries (George, 2000 and Ira et al., 2000). The EMP project proponent must be

comprehensive since it serves as a more systematic and explicit proposal that

planning authorities can use to create environmental approval conditions and

 5

requirements (Brew & Lee, 1996; Tinker et al., 2005), more so since the standard

of environmental compliance on the ground is strongly influenced by the quality of

EMP preparation (Loksha, 2008). This study aims to increase environmental

safekeeping, and one of the many ways to achieve this is to develop the existing

WMS by proposing an EMP. It is necessary as it provides tools for controlling

environmental performance and enabling an institution to improve environmental

quality. In pursuance, best practices from other studies will be considered and

implemented in the proposed EMP.

Objectives of the Study

The proponents aim to propose an EMP for BSU TNEU - Masaguitsit, Lobo

Campus. Explicitly, the project design intended to;

1. Determine the profile of BSU TNEU - Masaguitsit, Lobo Campus in terms of:

1.1. Population;

1.2. Facilities;

1.3. Land Area, and

1.4. Operational Hours.

2. Conduct an Environmental Audit on the campus regarding solid and

hazardous WMS in terms of:

2.1. Generation;

2.2. On-Site Handling and Storage;

2.3. Collection;

2.4. Transfer and Transport;

2.5. Processing and Resource Recovery, and

2.6. Disposal.
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3. Conduct an Environmental Audit on the campus regarding:

3.1. Water Supply System in terms of:

3.1.1. Source;

3.1.2. Storage;

3.1.3. Treatment;

3.1.4. Distribution, and

3.1.5. Water Quality

3.1.5.1. Physical

3.1.5.1.1. Color

3.1.5.1.2. Turbidity

3.1.5.2. Chemical

3.1.5.2.1. Ph

3.1.5.2.2. Chloride

3.1.5.2.3. Nitrate

3.1.5.2.4. Sulfate

3.1.5.2.5. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)

3.1.5.2.6. Arsenic

3.1.5.2.7. Cadmium

3.1.5.2.8. Lead

3.1.5.2.9. Iron

3.1.5.2.10. Manganese

3.1.5.3. Microbiological

3.1.5.3.1. Total Coliform Count

 7

3.1.5.3.2. Thermotolerant Coliform

3.1.5.3.3. Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC)

3.2. Wastewater Management System in terms of:

3.2.1. Generation;

3.2.2. Storage;

3.2.3. Treatment, and

3.2.4. Disposal

4. Propose an Environmental Management Plan which includes:

4.1. Environmental Impact Assessment and Mitigating Measures;

4.2. Health and Safety Requirements; and

4.3. Challenges and Considerations.

Expected Output

The proposed EMP will serve the BSU TNEU - Masaguitsit, Lobo Campus,

to provide systems and guidelines for controlling environmental activity and

enabling an institution to improve environmental quality. To switch from existing

waste management practices to a more sustainable management system, it is

critical to assess the present conditions and evaluate its occurring challenges and

alternative solutions. An environmental Audit and Waste Analysis and

Characterization Study (WACS) will be conducted to achieve this. A precise

estimation of the waste generation was required to create a waste management

system that is environmentally sustainable to serve the institution's needs. The

best practices from other studies regarding WMS, WSS, and WWMS will be

considered in constructing the proposed EMP.

 8

Process Flow

Figure 3
Process Flow

The process flow is depicted in Figure 3, which shows the Input-Process-Output

(IPO). The input component includes variables including existing WMS, WSS and WWMS,

and the campus profile in terms of population, facilities, land area, and operational hours.

Likewise, the study also delves into the WACS that will be conducted by the proponents.

The inputs will be processed through the conduct of an environmental audit. The elements

in assessing the existing solid and hazardous waste management system are in

accordance with the standard functional elements of R.A. 9003. The outcome of the

environmental audits is used as the basis for an EMP consisting of EIA and mitigating

measures, health and safety requirements, and challenges and considerations.

 Chapter II
Literature Review

Conducting this literature review helps the readers understand the current

research and discussions pertinent to the EMP. To discover essential data on

many components of EMP, a thorough search was conducted utilizing numerous

databases, including ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. Also, critical key terms

were chosen, such as environmental management audit, WMS, WSS, and

WWMS. When compiling literature on waste management in various countries, the

emphasis was primarily on recent data, namely the last five years (2017 – 2022).

Earlier data (from 1990 to 2016) was used without current information in several

cases.

I. Environmental Plan and Environmental Audit

An EMP is developed based on the impact assessment results to reduce

the adverse effects and list specific actions that need to be taken to improve the

environment. The tool to guarantee a safe and clean environment is the EMP. The

environment management plan calls for effective mitigation strategies to lessen

the adverse effects of the project's activities (Enviro Resources, 2020). As stated

by Nasrudin (2021), a company's environmental responsibility is evaluated

systematically by conducting an environmental audit. Its objectives are to

determine environmental compliance, assess whether environmental

responsibility implementation gaps match stated goals, and provide any necessary

corrective measures. Sustainability is significantly aided by environmental audits.

 10

To ensure that businesses and organizations abide by the appropriate rules, it

examines their operations and determines what actions should be implemented.

II. Waste Management System (WMS)

An essential component of environmental protection is the WMS it employs

to dispose of, reduce, reuse, and prevent trash. WMS plays a significant role in

sustainable development and the Circular Economy (CE) transition (Fan et al.,

2022). It aims to provide solid waste storage, collection, transportation, and

treatment or disposal services that are hygienic, effective, and affordable while

preventing air, land, or water pollution (Xiong et al., 2022). Waste hierarchy

(Hultman and Corvellec, 2012) has been the guiding principle that has driven

waste management policy since the early 1990s (Khan et al., 2022), followed by

integrated waste management.

Generation

The amount of waste being produced is growing more quickly. The evidence

for both industrialized and developing nations, regardless of population density.

There is a problem with solid waste management (SWM) in the Philippines, which

seems to be ranked as the fourth-largest waste producer in Southeast Asia. This

is due to several issues, including our increasing rate of waste generation and the

deficiencies in waste collection, segregation, and recycling in many local

government entities (Rebuelta-The, 2022). A good WMS is therefore required to

solve this issue (Zakaria et al. 2021). Also, establishing in-house recycling

technology and educating the public to contribute to making less waste must be

the most effective ways to minimize waste (Loan et al., 2019).

 11

On-Site Handling and Storage

Lew (2022) states that onsite handling and storage are where solid waste

is kept on the property for a short time between collections; there should be enough

suitable containers available. However, the appropriate handling and storage of

hazardous waste depend upon clear labeling (DeVroom, 2018).

Collection

The facility's design is influenced by the recycling collecting system used

for transport to the MRF. The method used to collect trash will significantly impact

the MRF's expenses and utilization (Dubanowitz, 2000).

Transfer and Transport

As stated in Section 24 of R.A. 9003, it will be necessary to use separate

collection schedules, trucks, or haulers; otherwise, the collection trucks and

delivery of solid wastes must have the proper compartments and cover to allow for

the efficient storage of sorted wastes while transporting.

Processing and Resource Recovery

As mentioned in Section 3 of R.A. 9003, resource recovery is defined as the

collection, extraction, or recovery of recyclable elements from the waste stream for

recycling, power generation, or the development of a product appropriate for a

useful purpose; provided, however, that such facilities do not involve incineration.

Disposal

Tadesse et al., (2008) suggested that the choice of waste disposal is greatly

influenced by the availability of disposal facilities. They said that the longer

distance required to transport garbage containers and the insufficient supply of

 12

waste containers increases the likelihood of dumping such wastes along the route

in open spaces and by the sides of roadways. As specified by Pokhrel and

Viraraghavan (2005), insufficient financial resources, a lack of legislation, and well-

equipped and engineered landfills all contribute to the difficulty of safely disposing

of solid waste.

III. Water Supply System (WSS)

WSS is a network with pressure pipes at their edges and nodes that are

either pipe junctions, water sources, or end-users. They aim to provide potable

water to end users at a sufficient pressure level. A WSS can be subdivided into

hierarchical groups (Franchin and Cavalieri, 2013).

Source

Sources of WSS are surface water and groundwater. Surface water is open

to the atmosphere and subject to surface runoff, such as rivers, lakes, bays, etc.

While the term "groundwater" refers to aquifer water found in solids and rock

fragments or rock layers beneath a water table (DAO 2016-0b). Also, groundwater

is a part of the rainwater that has soaked into the ground and formed underground

reservoirs known as aquifers.

Storage

Alvord (2020) stated that water storage is an essential distribution system

component. The main objective is to provide enough water to balance or average

out the system's daily demands. It can also reduce pumping power costs. As stated

by Catapang, P. et al., (2018) in their study, water from sources such as surface

water and groundwater, is stored in water storage. It comes in various sizes,

 13

shapes, and materials, including concrete, steel, fiberglass, stones, and plastic,

and it can also be vertical, horizontal, or underground. Elevated storage tanks,

hydropneumatic storage tanks, standpipes, and above-ground storage tanks are

the four categories under which water storage is categorized.

Treatment

The water provider should not utilize the water system for the public, unless

the necessary treatment is provided. As stated in Section 3 of PD 856, the following

criteria shall be used to categorize and assess raw water quality in relation to its

treatment needs. Water with a low level of contamination, either from underground

or from the surface, and an MPN of coliform organisms that do not exceed 50 per

100 mL only requires disinfection of the water. Yet, water that contains 50 coliform

bacteria per 100 mL of MPN from underground or surface sources and a maximum

of 5000 per 100mL requires a complete water treatment (PD 856, 1995).

Distribution

Subsequent to the treatment, the water passes through a network of pipes,

pumps, valves, and other components with adequate pressure that ensures well

distribution (Bhardwaj and Metzgar, 2001).

Water Quality

Various testing is conducted concerning the water's physical, chemical, and

bacteriological parameters. The proposed water use must be considered when

evaluating "quality". Under all circumstances, the standard parameters for

bacteriological quality for all drinking water supplies shall result in 0/100mL from

Fecal Coliform bacteria. While for the distribution system, the fecal coliform and
 14

total coliform bacteria should pass the standard value of 0/100mL. Moreover, the

treated water in the distributed system should have 0/100mL for fecal coliform

bacteria. Total coliform must not be present in 95% of samples taken throughout

any 12-month period in cases of large supplies where sufficient samples are

examined (DAO 26-A, 1994).

IV. Wastewater Management System (WWMS)

After its use, the introduction of various chemicals and substances to the

water changes its physical, chemical, and biological properties, making it non-

potable and inappropriate for other consumption. Wastewater includes substances

that pose a high possibility of health risks and environmental deterioration from

daily activities (Amoatey and Bani, 2011). The wastewater contains organic

content, inorganic minerals, excessive nutrients, and bacteria that contaminate the

water.

Generation

There are two categories of wastewater, including sewage that comes from

domestic activities and carries urine and feces, while the non- sewage comprises

all wastewater that does not bear pathogens posing harmful risks to human health.

Storage

All structure plumbing systems should be connected to the standard

sewerage system of the area or a private septic tank.

Septic Tank. A rectangular-shaped receiving tank that catches the sewage

that passes through the plumbing system was defined in PD 856 as the tank

responsible for the initial removal and biological degradation of the suspended
 15

solid matter present in the wastewater through the detention time. The septic tanks

can be built with concrete or other materials with the permission of the health

authorities before the construction.

Treatment

As specified in the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004, wastewater

treatment refers to any process responsible for diminishing the pollution present in

the water through physical, chemical, and biological modification. The

characteristics of wastewater differ from all point sources; hence, every sewage

classification would have its corresponding treatment processes. The following

conventional wastewater treatment allows effluent to be discharged without posing

any risk to human health and damage to the environment (Pescod, 1992): (a.)

Preliminary treatment includes removing solid materials available in the

wastewater, (b.) Primary treatment where the materials that were not taken from

the preliminary treatment, like the organic and inorganic solids, are removed by

sedimentation and skimming, (c.) Secondary treatment works through the

performance of aerobic biological processes, dissolved and colloidal organic

matter is removed in this period, (d.) Tertiary treatment is the advanced treatment

necessary when the secondary treatment fails to remove unwanted matter like

nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metals, dissolved solids, and (e.) Disinfection occurs

in a chlorine contact basin, 5 to 15 mg/l of a chlorine solution is injected at its head

end depending on the strength of the sewage.

Disposal
 16

As stated in PD 856, the treated wastewater can be discharged into a

receiving water body-like stream after sufficing to the quality standard provided by

the National Water and Air Pollution Control Commission. Moreover, effluent from

the storage tanks should either end in a sub-surface soil and absorption field or

could direct to the purification device for further treatment.

Best Practices

Prior to the main output plan, the environmental management plan (EMP)

in this paper is defined as a plan that incorporates the discussion of the existing

WMS, WSS, and WWMS of the location of the study. Hence, the preliminary

assessment will be used in the formulation and designing process of the plan.

WMS are identified to be efficient with (a.) strong partnerships with the

community, which includes the residents, all establishments, and the barangay

LGUs, (b.) the complete pursuance of proper segregation otherwise, wastes will

not be collected, (c.) operation and regular maintenance of MRFs and (d.)

establishment of SLFs capable of holding the projected volume of wastes (Espino-

Yap, Paz and Militante, 2011). However, Gatti (2007) enumerated (a.)

strengthened communication with respective officials and with the rest of the

community to persuade their commitment to sustainability and (b.) regular

operation and maintenance to secure the sustainability of WSS facilities as the

best execution for the system. Lastly, a successful WWMS is achieved through (a.)

crafting plans for inspection and evaluation, (b.) overseeing and recording the

volume of outflow, (c.) establishing internal and external agreements, and (d.)
 17

processing the sewage through primary and secondary treatment (Chemtech

International, 2020).

Synthesis

The previously described concepts, in particular the standards set forth by

the authorities, act as a guide to produce a more thorough analysis of the data

obtained in this study. However, the present study is in a continuous search for

literature focusing on EMP that incorporates the waste management system, water

supply system, and wastewater management system in a single paper to support

and serve as its backbone wholly.

 Chapter III
METHODOLOGY
Research Design

Descriptive and quantitative methods are used in the study to analyze the

existing systems in term/s of their WMS, WSS, and WWMS of the campus and to

achieve an efficient plan from the projection of the obtained data, respectively.

Also, quantitative methods will be used to interpret the obtained data from the

environmental audit.

Data Gathering Strategy

In acquiring the data, an environmental audit will be performed. Thus, this

will serve as a guide in identifying the existing systems of the Lobo campus that

incorporate the site inspection, structured interview, and WACS to gather data for

WMS, WSS, and WWMS. In line with the sub-strategies, a list of questions shall

be developed ahead of the structured interview and the site inspection that will be

performed is based from legal bases specifically, RA 9003, PNSDW 2017 and PD

856.

Further, WACS is one of the methods that will be used to collect data as it

makes it easy to determine the waste generation per day of a specific institution.

Additionally, a WACS manual (EcoGov, 2011) will be used to state the procedure

for conducting such an activity. Moreover, Lobo Water District (LWD) provides

water tests that are in accord with the PNSDW 2017 to their constituents, which

will be the basis of the study for assessing the water quality of the campus.

Inquiries relevant to the study will be delegated to the authorities concerned,

including the Head of Admin Services and utilities of Lobo Campus and the Brgy.
 19

Chairman of Brgy. Masaguitsit, Lobo, Batangas. Furthermore, Table 7-2. Minimum

Trap Diameters and Drainage Fixture Unit Values of the National Plumbing Code

of the Philippines (NPCP) will be the basis for computation of wastewater

generation.

Data Gathering Procedure

Environmental Audit

A. Structured Interview. The questions concerning the existing systems in

terms of WMS, WSS, and WWMS will be directly endorsed to the head of

administration services of the Lobo Campus. While inquiries regarding the

collection of wastes in Brgy. Masaguitsit will be discussed with the Brgy. Chairman.

The inquiries are prepared before the interview to fulfill a systematic discussion

process.

B. Site Inspection. A walk-through inspection in the Lobo campus will be

performed to suffice the study's objectives pertaining to their WMS, WSS, and

WWMS.

C. Waste Analysis and Characterization Study (WACS). The steps to perform

WACS are as follows: As stated in the WACS Manual, (a.) tasks shall be distributed

to each participant while the disposal plan is being prepared. (b.) Forms, protective

gears and sorting tools shall be arranged. (c.) An empty receptacle needs to be

weighed and calibrated to a volume of 15 to 20 liters. (d.) Wastes will be collected

and gathered at the end of each day to accumulate its weight. (e.) Wastes are

subject for segregation according to its category in a closed area. (f.) The types of

wastes will be calibrated individually in the calibrated receptacle to attain data in

 20

liters. (g.) Labeled trash bags will be holding each type of generated wastes for

easier identification. These trash bags shall be weighed individually (in kilogram)

while the data entry form is being filled. (h.) Lastly, each bag shall be placed in the

designated area for disposal where it is secure and situated correctly. These steps

will be followed from the first day until the third day of the WACS performance, and

disposing of all collected waste should be followed as planned after conducting the

last day of WACS.

Data Analysis

For WMS, the data gathered from WACS will be analyzed through

descriptive statistical tools such as frequency and percentage distribution and

weighted mean to understand the phenomena being studied thoroughly.

Frequency and Percentage Distribution. This will be used to evaluate the

frequency distribution in the percentage of solid waste.

Weighted Mean. This will be used to determine the average waste generation per

day at BSU TNEU - Masaguitsit, Lobo Campus.

𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑎𝑦 = 𝑇𝑊𝐺 1 + 𝑇𝑊𝐺 2 + 𝑇𝑊𝐺 3 / the number of

days

Where: TWG = Total Waste Generated

Besides, for WSS, there are twelve (12) parameters for physicochemical

analysis and three (3) parameters for microbiological analysis that will be used to

determine whether the provider complies with the PNSDW of 2017 standards. The

Physico-chemical analysis is performed once a year, and the microbiological

analysis is conducted every month. Risk Assessment Matrix (RAM) will be utilized
 21

after identifying the possible risks brought by the accumulated data for the WSS

based on the following parameters:

Table 1
Physico-Chemical Analysis
Physico-chemical Method Maximum Allowable
Parameters Level (MAL)

Color (apparent), PCU Photometric 10 max

Turbidity, NTU Turbidimetry 5 max

pH Potentiometric 6.5 - 8.5

*5 - 7

Chloride, mg/L Argentometric 250 max

Nitrate, mg/L Nitrate Electrode 50 max

Sulfate, mg/L Turbidimeter 250 max

Total Dissolved Solids Conductimetric 600 max

(TDS), mg/L *10 max.

Arsenic, mg/L Photometric, Silver DDTC 0.01 max

Cadmium, mg/L Flame-AAS 0.003 max

Lead, mg/L Flame-AAS 0.01 max

Iron, mg/L Flame-AAS 1.0 max

Manganese, mg/L Flame-AAS 0.4 max

Method Detection Limit: Sulfate, mg/L= 5; Arsenic, mg/L= 0.005; Cadmium, mg/L= 0.002; Lead, mg/L= 0.01; Iron, mg/L= 0.01; Manganese, mg/L=0.01

The parameters, method, and standard value for Physico-Chemical

Analysis are displayed in Table 1. These parameters for physicochemical analysis

are in accordance with the PNSDW of 2017.

 22

Table 2
Microbiological Analysis
Drinking Water Quality Method Standard
Parameters Values

Total Coliform Count, Multiple Tube Fermentation Technique <1.1

MPN/100mL

Thermotolerant Coliform / Multiple Tube Fermentation Technique <1.1

E.coli, MPN/100mL

Heterotrophic Place Pour Plate Method <500

Count (HPC), CFU/mi
MPN - Most Probable Number
CFU - Colony Forming Unit

As shown in Table 2 of microbiological analysis, there are three parameters

used for testing following the PNSDW of 2017, which are total coliform, e.coli, and

HPC.

For WWMS, the mathematical formula that will be utilized for wastewater

generation is stated below.

𝑄𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝐹𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 ∗ 𝐹𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 ∗ 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑚𝑠

Where: Qmax = Maximum amount of wastewater discharge

Work Plan

It’s a series of activities that will be used as a guide to achieve the

objectives of the study.

 Table 3
Work Plan
EXPECTED September October November
OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES OUTCOME
W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

1. To determine the Coordinate Receive the X

profile of BSU with the number of
TNEU - Head of facilities and
Masaguitsit, Administratio the land area
Lobo Campus in n Services of of the said
terms of: the said campus will
1.1 Population; campus. be collected.
1.2 Facilities;
1.3 Land Area,
and
1.4 Operational Conduct a Obtain the X
Hours structured operational
interview with hours and
the Head of population of
Administratio BSU TNEU -
n Services of Masaguitsit,
the campus. Lobo
Campus.

2. To conduct Conduct a Accumulate X

an Environmental site supporting
Audit on the campus inspection. evidence to
regarding solid and support the
hazardous waste study.
management
systems in terms of: Conduct Identify the X
structured existing
 24

2.1 Generation; interview with system in

2.2On-Site the Brgy. terms of on-
Handling and Chairman of site handling
Storage; Brgy. and storage,
2.3 Collection; Masaguitsit, collection,
2.4 Transfer and Head of transfer and
Transport; Administratio transport,
2.5 Processing, and n Services, processing
Resource and utility of and resource
Recovery, and the campus. recovery,
2.6 Disposal and disposal.
Perform Determine X
WACS the average
at BSU amount of
TNEU - waste
Masaguitsit, produced
Lobo each day.
campus.
3. To conduct Conduct Determine X
an Environmental structured the service
Audit on the campus interview with provider,
regarding: the Head of storage,
3.1Water Supply Administratio treatment,
System (WSS) in n Services of and
terms of the campus. distribution,
3.1.1 Source; for the water
3.1.2 Storage; supply
3.1.3 Treatment; system of the
3.1.4 Distribution, campus.
and
3.1.5Water Quality Request Find out the X
3.1.5.1. Physical water test water quality
3.1.5.2. Chemical results from of water
3.1.5.3. the service supply on the
Microbiological provider, campus.
 25

Lobo Water
District.
3.2 Wastewater Conduct a To know if X
Management structured there is an
System (WWMS) in interview with existing
terms of: the Head of system for
3.2.1.Generation; Administratio wastewater
3.2.2.Storage; n Services of management
3.2.3.Treatment, and the campus. .
3.2.4.Disposal.
4. Propose an Write the EIA Environment X
Environmental report, health al
Management Plan and safety Management
which includes: requirements Plan
4.1Environment , and
al Impact challenges
Assessment and
and Mitigating consideration
Measures; s based on
4.2 Health and the acquired
Safety existing
Requirements; systems in
and BSU TNEU -
4.3 Challenges Masaguitsit,
and Lobo
Considerations. campus.

Work plan is presented in the table 3 that incorporates the objectives of the study and the corresponding activities

that will be performed to achieve the data in fulfilling the strategies to result in an efficient EMP.
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PROPOSED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR BATANGAS
STATE UNIVERSITY THE NATIONAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY -
MASAGUITSIT, LOBO CAMPUS

A Design Project Proposal

Presented to the
Department of Civil Engineering
Batangas State University
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Batangas City

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Sanitary Engineering

By:

Macatangay, Jasmin R.
de Guzman, Queen Nazarene M.
Beraña, Deana Jamella M.

December 2022
 APPROVAL SHEET

This design project proposal, titled PROPOSED ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY THE NATIONAL
ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY – MASAGUITSIT, LOBO CAMPUS prepared and
submitted by Jasmin R. Macatangay, Queen Nazarene M. de Guzman, and Deana
Jamella M. Beraña in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of
Science in Sanitary Engineering has been approved.

ENGR. LOVELY C. AÑONUEVO, ____

Adviser

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of ______

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

ENGR. DIOSA MARIE M. AGUILA - AGUIRRE, ____

Chairperson

ENGR. HAZEL MAY ANN M. RUIZ, ____ ENGR. JESSIE ANDREW Z. PUNZALAN, ____

Member Member

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
Bachelor of Science in Sanitary Engineering.

_________________ ENGR. VIVIAN D. GUDA

Date Chairperson, CE Department
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE................................................................................................. i
APPROVAL SHEET..................................................................................... ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................... iii
LIST OF TABLES......................................................................................... iv
LIST OF FIGURES....................................................................................... v

CHAPTER

I. INTRODUCTION
Introduction ...................................................................................... 1
Objectives of the Study …................................................................ 5
Expected Output ……....................................................................... 7
Process Flow ……………………………………………………………. 8

II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Environmental Plan and Environmental Audit ................................. 9
Waste Management System ............................................................ 10
Water Supply System ...................................................................... 12
Wastewater Management System ................................................... 14
Good Practices ................................................................................ 15
Synthesis ......................................................................................... 16

III. METHODOLOGY
Research Design.............................................................................. 17
Data Gathering Strategy ….…….……………………………….….… 17
Data Gathering Procedure............................................................... 18
Data Analysis ……………………...................................................... 19
Work Plan ………………………………………………………………. 22

REFERENCES .......................................................................................... 26

APPENDICES
A. Design Project Documents
Topic Abstract
Adviser endorsement and acceptance
Scanned consultation notebook
Topic Proposal Abstract Action Taken
B. Communication Letters
C. Pictures and evidence of initial assessment and interview
D. Raw Data

iii
 LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title Page

1 Physico- chemical Analysis 19

2 Microbiological Analysis 20

3 Work Plan 21

iv
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Title Page

1 Site Development Plan of BSU TNEU- 1

Masaguitsit, Lobo Campus

2 Present Condition of Disposal in BSU TNEU- 4

Masaguitsit, Lobo Campus

3 Process Flow 8