Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University-Hyderabad

AN INDUSRTIAL ORIENTED MINI PROJECT REPORT

ON
“A Study on Earthquake Resistance Low-Cost Housing Techniques”
A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the Award of the Degree

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
CIVIL ENGINEERING
By

MOHD YOUSUF NUMAN ALI 18U61A0105

RAHEEM ULLAH QUADIR 19U65A0140
MOHAMMED ABDUL SAMI 19U65A0135
AZHAR HUSSAIN 19U65A0103

Under the guidance of

Mrs. P Sai Leela Vaishnavi
B.Tech. M.Tech (Geotechnical Engineering)

Asst. Professor, Department of Civil Engineering

A NAAC ACCREDITED INSTITUTION, Approved by AICTE & Affiliated to JNTUH

Recognized Under 2f Act of UGC 1956, an IS:9001-2015 Certified Institution
Survey No. 179, Chilkur (V), Moinabad (M), Ranga Reddy Dist. TS.

JANUARY 2022
(2019-2023)
 A NAAC ACCREDITED INSTITUTION, Approved by AICTE & Affiliated to JNTUH
Recognized Under 2f Act of UGC 1956, an IS:9001-2015 Certified Institution
Survey No. 179, Chilkur (V), Moinabad (M), Ranga Reddy Dist. TS.
Phone: 08417-252233/253021 Email:principal.giet.u6@gmail.com
JNTUH Code (U6) CIVIL-CSE-CSM-MECH-ECE-EEE -M.Tech. EAMCET Code – GLOB

Mrs.P.Sai LeelaVaishnavi
B.Tech.,M.Tech (Geotechnical Engineering)
Assistant Professor & Head
Date: 03/06/2021

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify the project entitled “IOMP Title”, is a bonafide work of MOHD YOUSUF
NUMAN ALI bearing HT. NO.18U61A0105, RAHEEM ULLAH QUADIR bearing HT.NO.
19U65A0140, MOHAMMED ABDUL SAMI bearing HT.NO.19U65A0135, AZHAR HUSSAIN
bearing HT.NO.19U65A0103 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of
degree Bachelor of Technology in civil engineering during the academic year 2022-23

This is further certified that the work is done under my guidance and the results of this work have not
been submitted elsewhere for the award of any other degree or diploma.
.

Internal Guide Head of the Department External Examiner

i
 A NAAC ACCREDITED INSTITUTION, Approved by AICTE & Affiliated to JNTUH
Recognized Under 2f Act of UGC 1956, an IS:9001-2015 Certified Institution
Survey No. 179, Chilkur (V), Moinabad (M), Ranga Reddy Dist. TS.
Phone: 08417-252233/253021 Email:principal.giet.u6@gmail.com
JNTUH Code (U6) CIVIL-CSE-CSM-MECH-ECE-EEE -M.Tech. EAMCET Code – GLOB

VISION:
To impart knowledge and excellence in the field of Civil Engineering of world class
competency and make ethically strong engineers.

MISSION:

 To make the Departmental Centre of Excellence in the field of Civil Engineering.

 To promote innovative and sustainable thinking in the minds of budding Engineers to
face the challenges of future and enable lifelong learning.
 To inculcate knowledge based Civil Engineering education and empower them with
necessary skills and values required for higher education, research and industry for
their comprehensive acceptance at global level.
 To produce Civil Engineers of good caliber, technical skills and ethical values to
serve society and nation.

Programme Educational Objectives:

Graduates of Civil Engineering Department will be able to

PEO 1: Sustain intellectual curiosity and pursue lifelong learning not only in areas
that are relevant to Civil engineering, brutal so that are important to society at
various levels.

PEO 2: Achieve broad and in-depth knowledge of Civil Engineering relating to

industrial practices and research analyze the practical problems and think creatively
to generate innovative solutions using appropriate technologies.

ii
Programme Specific Outcomes:

Graduates of Civil Engineering Department will be able to

PSO 1: Design Civil Engineering Systems or processes to meet technological needs

of the society.

PSO 2: Use State of Art Laboratories and modern computer-based tools to pursue
adverse range of career as engineers and researchers who work individually as well
as in team.

Programme Outcomes (POs)

Engineering Graduates will be able to:

PO1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering

fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.
PO2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
PO3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems
and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.
PO4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and
research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and
synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
PO5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and
modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering
activities with an understanding of the limitations.
PO6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to
assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities
relevant to the professional engineering practice.

PO7.Environmentandsustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering

solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need
for sustainable development.

iii
PO8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities
and norms of the engineering practice.
PO9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or
leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
PO10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with
the engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and
write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and
receive clear instructions.
PO11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and
leader in a team, to manage projects and in multi disciplinary environments.
PO12. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to
engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.

iv
 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the project work entitled “A Study On Earthquake

Resistance Low Cost Housing Techniques” submitted to Department of Civil

Engineering, Global Institute of Engineering& Technology, Moinabad, affiliated to

JNTUH, Hyderabad in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology in Civil Engineering, is the work done by us and is not submitted

elsewhere for the award of any degree or diploma.

MOHD YOUSUF NUMAN ALI 18U61A0105

RAHEEM ULLAH QUADIR 19U65A0140

MOHAMMED ABDUL SAMI 19U65A0135

AZHAR HUSSAIN 19U65A0103

v
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our sincere thanks to Mrs.SAHITHI CHANDRA.B Assistant professor of the

civil engineering department and Project coordinator for giving us an opportunity to undertake the
project “A STUDY ON EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE LOW-COST HOUSING
TECHNIQUES” and for enlightening us on various aspects of our mini project and assistance in the
evaluation of material and facts. She not only encouraged me to take up this topic but also given her
valuable guidance in assessing facts and arriving at conclusions.
We also most obliged and grateful to Mrs. P Sai Leela Vaishnavi Assistant Professor and
Head, Department of civil for giving me guidance in completing this project successfully.
We also most obliged and grateful to our Principal Prof . Dr. E MOHAN for guidance in
completing this project successfully.
We thank our parents for their constant encourage and support without which the project
would have not come to an end.
Last but not the least, we would also like to thank all my classmates who have extended their
cooperation during my project and report preparation.

MOHD YOUSUF NUMAN ALI 18U61A0105

RAHEEM ULLAH QUADIR 19U65A0140

MOHAMMED ABDUL SAMI 19U65A0135

AZHAR HUSSAIN 19U65A0103

vi
 ABSTRACT

In India people lives in small houses with short income. And thus more prone to
earthquake effects. Thus losses of lives are much more. There are many techniques to resist
earthquake, but they are costly &generally not used by normal people. So, here some useful low-
cost techniques to resist earthquake effects. Here we concentrate upon 1) horizontal bands in
masonry structures. 2) Isolator with STP. &Low strength concrete and rubber layer. 3)
Haunches. 4) Hollow foundation for high rise building. 5) Sliding joint.
Some cost-effective solutions for constructing seismic resistant houses in developing
countries like India. It explores and discuses some of the cost-effective housing construction
models that are in practice in different parts of the world. And then identifies techniques and
methods for making these buildings earthquake resistant. And finally it recommends some
affordable construction methods that are earthquake resistant which might be applicable for
cheaper and safe construction.
India has been facing natural disasters like drought, flood, cyclone, storm surge and
earthquake every year in different parts of the country. These disasters cause large scale
damages, destructions, death, injuries to human and animals. People are often constructed of
non-engineered houses were damaged due to the lack of technical guidance and affordability.
Disasters due to non-engineered housing development, and considering the level of damage to
homes it is necessary to resist the forces of destruction. In the field of earthquake engineering has
been in our country for over 35 years now. Earthquake being a prime calamity of concern,
earthquake proof, buildings, structures and their foundation need to be built to be resistant to
sideways loads. The lighter the building is, lesser are the loads. Seismic protection of critical
infrastructure in the country, many of the Indian earthquake engineers have made significant
contributions. However, as the recent earthquakes during the past earthquakes in India is less
satisfied with the performance of normal structures After that followed the earthquake resistant
design of the special rules that need the most practice is due to the lack of awareness among
engineers.

vii
 Housing is the major sector of urban infrastructure. Government of India has launched
the scheme “Housing for All by 2022” for urban areas. To achieve this goal Government is
providing subsidy to the urban poor up to Rs. 1 lakh per house which causes huge burden over
the country’s economy. Despite urban houses are not affordable to the poor due to escalating
land & construction cost. This scenario can be improved if the land or construction cost can be
reduced to some extent without compromising with the quality of structure. Low-cost housing
offers the use of various low cost material & technique which reduces the overall cost of
construction. An attempt is made to review the various researches on low-cost housing material
& techniques which can be used for both rural and urban areas according to their suitability in
different conditions.

Key words

 Low-cost housing.

 Affordable housing.
 Low-cost building material.
 Urban housing for the poor.
 Inexpensive to build.
 Takes less time to build.
 Use of resources while not harming the environment.
 Not sacrificing the strength, performance and life of building.
 Save money while also maintaining building quality.

viii
 INDEX
Certificate I
Vision/Mission of Department II
Declaration V
Acknowledgement Vi
Abstract Vii
List of Figures Viii
List of Tables IX
List of Graphs X

No of Units Units Page No

Unit 1 Introduction 2
Unit 2 Literature reviews 5
Unit 3 Earthquake resistance Low-Cost Housing Techniques 10
3.1 Bands 10
3.2 Design of lintel bands 12
3.3 Indian standards 12
3.4 Hollow foundation 12
3.5 Haunches 13
3.6 Sliding joints 13
3.7 Low-cost housing made up of concrete & rubber layer 14
3.8 Waste tire pads 14
3.9 Examples 16
Unit 4 Case study of waste tire pad 20
4.1 Preparation of STP specimens 20
4.2 Axial compression experiment 23
4.3 Test specimens and experiment setup 23
4.4 Measurements 24
4.5 Discussion of results 28
Unit 5 Future scope of study 30
Unit 6 Conclusion 33
references 35
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No Figure Name Page No

1.1 Houses for poor 3

3.1 types of bands 11

3.1.1 killari village house after earthquake 11

3.4 hollow foundation 12

3.5 haunches 13

3.8.1 waste tire pads 15

3.8.2 tires pads placed in foundation 16

3.9.1 Walls made up of straws 17

3.9.2 Low budget house 18

4.1.1 scrap tires 20

4.1.2 tire without side wall 21

4.1.3 tire cut into pieces 21

4.1.4 size of pieces of tire 22

4.1.5 tire placement 22

4.3.1 compression testing machine 23

viii
 LISTOFTABLES

Figure No Table Name PageNo

1 Compression experiment results 27

ix
 LIST OF GRAPHS

Figure No Graph Name Page No

4.4.1 σ ~ ε Curve of SREI 24

4.4.2 σ ~ ε Curve of G-STP composed of 4 and 6 layers 25

4.4.3 σ ~ ε Curve of M-STP 25

4.4.4 σ ~ ε Curve of P-STP 25

4.4.5 σ ~ ε Curve of L-STP 26

4.4.6 Comparison of σ ~ ε Curves for STP and SREI specimens 26

x
 A study on earthquake resistance low cost housing techniques

UNIT-1

DEPARTMENTOFCIVILENGINEERING GIET Page1