Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi
A Mini- Project Report On
Design and Fabrication of Solar Street Light Integrated With Electric 2-
Wheeler Charger
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the award of degree
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BY
SURAG M 4VV19ME136
SOHAN JADHAV 4VV19ME123
SUHEBULLA 4VV19ME131
VARUN K 4VV19ME146
Under the Guidance of
Dr. KHALID IMRAN
Associate Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
VIDYAVARDHAKA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Mysuru -570 002
2021-2022
CERTIFICATE
Certified that the mini-project work entitled “Design and Fabrication of Solar Street
Light Integrated With Electric 2-Wheeler Charger’’ is a bonafide work carried out by
Mr. Surag M with USN 4VV19ME136, Mr. Sohan Jadhav with USN 4VV19ME123,
Mr. Suhebulla with USN 4VV19ME131, and Mr. Varun K with USN 4VV19ME146
of Vidyavardhaka College of Engineering, in partial fulfillment for the award of degree of
Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological
University, Belagavi during the year 2021-2022.
It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for internal assessment have been
incorporated in the report. The mini-project report has been approved as it satisfies the
academic requirements in respect of mini-project work prescribed for the Bachelor of
Engineering Degree.
Dr. Khalid Imran Dr. G V Naveen Prakash
Guide HOD
External Viva
Name of the Examiners Signature with date
1………………………... ………………………
2………………………... ………………………
DECLARATION
We the members of the mini-project team, studying in the VI semester of Mechanical
Engineering, Vidyavardhaka College of Engineering, hereby declare that the entire mini-
project entitled “Design and Fabrication of Solar Street Light Integrated With
Electric 2-Wheeler Charger” has been carried out by us independently under the
guidance of Dr. Khalid Imran, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vidyavardhaka
College of Engineering. This mini-project work is submitted to the Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Belagavi, for partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award
of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering during the
academic year 2021- 2022.
This dissertation has not been submitted previously for the award of any other degree or
diploma to any other institution or university.
Date: 01-07-2022
Place: Mysuru
Name of the Students USN Signature
1. Surag M 4VV19ME136
2. Sohan Jadhav 4VV19ME123
3. Suhebulla 4VV19ME131
4. Varun K 4VV19ME146
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of any task would be
incomplete without the mention of people who made it possible and whose constant
guidance and encouragement crowned our efforts with success. We consider our privilege
to express the voice of gratitude and respect to all those who guided us and inspired us in
completion of this mini-project.
First and foremost, we ought to pay due regards to our renowned institution, which
provided us a platform and an opportunity for carrying out this project work.
We wish to express our gratitude to Dr. B Sadashive Gowda, Principal, VVCE, for
providing congenial working environment.
We are thankful to Dr. G V Naveen Prakash, Professor and HOD, Dept. of ME, VVCE,
for motivating us and also allowing us to use the facilities of the department to complete
this project successfully.
We express our sincere thanks to our guide Dr. Khalid Imran, Associate Professor, Dept
of ME, VVCE for their constant co-operation, support, and invaluable suggestions.
We would like to thank our parents for their constant moral support throughout the
completion of this project.
Finally, last but not the least, we would like to extend our deep sense of gratitude to our
friends who always inspired us and encouraged us throughout the completion of this
project.
1. Surag M
2. Sohan Jadhav
3. Suhebulla
4. Varun K
ABSTRACT
An electric vehicle is a motorized vehicle with an integrated electric motor used to assist
propulsion. And this kind of vehicles need electricity to charge their batteries. In recent
years, global warming and the depletion of fossil fuels due to mass consumption of energy
resource has become an increasingly recognized world problem. To control these
problems. the installation of renewable energy systems, which do not depend on fossil
fuels is an effective counter measure. A solar-powered charging station for electric
vehicle, which offers a pollution-reducing alternative. Using electric vehicle is
environmentally friendly and sensible alternative for developing countries such as India to
save their stored energy. As a tropical nation, India is well-known for its plentiful sun
radiation. By utilizing this vast amount of renewable energy, we can solve the current
power crisis. Although these vehicle appear to be environmentally beneficial, they
contribute to pollution because they require grid power. In this case, establishing a Solar
Charge Station for electric vehicle will be the ideal answer, as it relieves additional load
on the grid by charging E-vehicles directly using solar power and reduces pollution.
In the near future with an increase in number of electric vehicles it obvious that the
demand for charging station would increase. In order to overcome this the project would
give an effective solution which uses renewable energy and which can be easily installed
at remote locations.
CONTENTS
CONTENTS Page.no
Certificate i
Declaration ii
Acknowledgement iii
Abstract iv
Contents v
List of Figures vi
List of Tables vi
Chapter 1 1
Chapter 2 2
Chapter 3 3
Chapter 4 5
Chapter 5 6
Chapter 6 12
Chapter 7 13
List of Figures
Fig. no Description Page no.
1 Solar panel 9
2 Light intensity sensor 9
3 Battery 10
4 Inverter 10
5 Bulb 11
List of Tables
Fig.no Description Page no.
1 Cost table 12
DESIGNAND FABRICATIONOFSOLARSTREETLIGHTINTEGRATEDWITHELECTRIC2-WHEELERCHARGER
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Solar energy conversion is one of the most addressed topics in the field of renewable
energy, which is quite significant. Solar radiation particularly is usually converted into
two forms of energy: thermal and electrical energy. The solar electricity specifically has
applications in many systems basically such as rural electricity, water pumping and
satellite communications in a big way. Solar Power was usually used for all intents and
purposes large scale-grid system and also basically stands alone system or small remote
photovoltaic plant, which kind of is quite significant.
An electric vehicle is a motorized vehicle with an integrated electric motor used to assist
propulsion. Many kinds of e- vehicle are available worldwide with different specifications
and for different uses. And this kind of vehicle need electricity to charge their batteries. In
recent years, global warming and the depletion of fossil fuels due to mass consumption of
energy resource has become an increasingly recognized world problem. To control these
problems, the installation of renewable energy systems, which do not depend on fossil
fuels is an effective counter measure.
A solar-powered charging station for electric vehicle, which offers a pollution-reducing
alternative. Using electric e- vehicle is an environmentally friendly and sensible
alternative for developing countries such as India to save their stored energy. As a tropical
nation. India is well-known for its plentiful sun radiation. By utilizing this vast amount of
renewable energy, we can solve the current power crisis. Although these bicycles appear
to be environmentally beneficial, they contribute to pollution because they require grid
power. In this case, establishing a Solar Charge Station for electric vehicle will be the ideal
answer. Because it relieves additional strain on the grid by charging E- vehicle directly, it
minimizes pollutants in the environment.
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DESIGNAND FABRICATIONOFSOLARSTREETLIGHTINTEGRATEDWITHELECTRIC2-WHEELERCHARGER
CHAPTER 2
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION AND OBJECTIVE
2.1 Problem identified:
The perilous scenario of global warming necessitates the complete adoption of
renewable energy-based transportation infrastructure.
Global warming has led to the replacement of electric vehicles that seem to be
much better than the IC engine.
Solar power is widely available in India and especially in Karnataka, it is best to
use solar power to charge these electric E-vehicles which is the basic idea of this
work.
2.2 Objectives:
To develop a solar powered charging station.
To reduce difficulty of finding charging station.
Fabrication and development of solar street light integrated with electric two-
wheeler charger.
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DESIGNAND FABRICATIONOFSOLARSTREETLIGHTINTEGRATEDWITHELECTRIC2-WHEELERCHARGER
CHAPTER 3
LITERATURE SURVEY
According to Kostopoulos, et.al., A few years ago electric vehicles were introduced in
India to reduce the overuse of fossil fuels and to reduce the harmful pollution of
electric vehicles. But in order to run these electric vehicles the fuel needed for the car
to run was a grid but the power grid is also small and not easily available which is why it has
been a big problem but due to the development of charging stations [1].
According to Brenna et.al., immediate charging stations will be required to facilitate
long-distance EV travel, including intermediate travel. They should be in big cities
where there are more people full of EV drivers so that the stations can be used with
local residents [2].
According to Chakrabarti et.al., arrangements for fast charging stations should be
integrated at State level with an effort to align normal government or EV private
shipping routes. A smart charging station for electric vehicles which is a promising and
sustainable solution for the environment to meet the energy crisis. As global resources
dwindle, government, institutions and non-governmental organizations are pushing for
a green solution through the use of renewable energy sources, as energy should not be
heavily dependent on fossil fuels and transportation should be electrically available to
reduce carbon emissions and reduce climate change [3].
Therefore, in order to reduce vehicle pollution, electric vehicles are being built and in
order to run an electric vehicle the fuel needed for solar energy is run and to run these
electric vehicles with an electric vehicle.
According to Chandra mouli et.al., A smart charging station that is a promising and
environmentally friendly solution to meet energy issues with global economic
development, demand and energy consumption in various countries have steadily
increased. Pollution and energy crisis have also attracted attention [4].
According to a World Bank study, CO2 emissions in 2013 and 2014 were 4,988
tons and metric 4.97 tons per capita, respectively. High CO2 emissions are the result of
a coal-based energy structure.
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DESIGNAND FABRICATIONOFSOLARSTREETLIGHTINTEGRATEDWITHELECTRIC2-WHEELERCHARGER
According to De Simone et.al., Transportation consumes more than half of all
petroleum. Vehicles that run on gasoline make up a large component of the
transportation system. Vehicle emissions, on the other hand, are one of the most significant
causes of pollution [5].
According to Atmaja et.al., The expansion of the electric vehicle (EV) sector is an
important step toward reducing emissions and dependency on fossil fuels. EVs have
advanced rapidly over the previous decade, mainly to advances in EV technology, notably
battery technology, and significant external policy support.
However, in the absence of these negative repercussions, EVs have the potential to
deliver enormous economic advantages to a well-planned distribution infrastructure,
such as automotive-to-grid technology (V2G). According to statistics, driving time is
approximately 80% of the traffic for around one hour every day, and 95% of the day is not
working. EVs have a lot of energy stored in them [6].
According to Altaleb et.al., E-vehicles is an easy-to-use and energy-efficient electric
vehicles. This electric vehicle uses an electric motor to help you ride. So you can ride
it like a normal bike, but with a little effort. The concept of E vehicles will really improve if
they are charged using renewable energy [7].
According to De Simone et.al., The EV charging station is enclosed with solar
electric street light pole to make the public domain more accessible [8].
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DESIGNAND FABRICATIONOFSOLARSTREETLIGHTINTEGRATEDWITHELECTRIC2-WHEELERCHARGER
CHAPTER 4
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
Based on government’s goals by year 2030, India could save Rs.10 lakh crore
expenditure on gasoline and crude oil imports. Nowadays, the development of
charging stations for e-mobility is the only major challenge.
NTPC has already developed its first indoor space charging station in
Vishakhapatnam having facilities to charge more than two electric vehicles at the
same time.
Lithium-ion batteries are featured for fast charging and high electrochemical
performance and having high demand in the latest electric vehicles. More
developments in cathode materials, such as increasing nickel content, can improve
their performance, safety, and capacity retention.
Project provides economical and easily available charging stations even in remote
areas.
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DESIGNAND FABRICATIONOFSOLARSTREETLIGHTINTEGRATEDWITHELECTRIC2-WHEELERCHARGER
CHAPTER 5
METHODOLOGY
The solar radiation after falling on the solar panel is converted into electrical
energy. Solar converter first passes the required amount of current to the LED
light for its function.
There is an auto ON and OFF facility to the solar light to switch on only at night
time.
The current from the solar panel is supplied to the battery through the invertor.
A solar charge controller converts the irregular current supply to a proper AC supply
with constant voltage.
The output of the invertor or solar charge regulator can be used to charge vehicles.
A coin box is used if done for commercial purpose.
Based on the battery specification, max charging rate of charging point, charging
time can be determined.
An insulating material is used to protect battery for emergency cases.
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DESIGNAND FABRICATIONOFSOLARSTREETLIGHTINTEGRATEDWITHELECTRIC2-WHEELERCHARGER
5.1 OVERALL CIRCUIT
5.3 LIGHT INTENSITY SENSOR CIRCUIT
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3. CALCULATION
Angle of inclination = Lat (12.29) *0.87
= 10.7 degree
Battery 12V,75 Ah, Lead acid battery
Max charge current output = 300w/12= 25A
Solar Panel current = max charge *current by * charge current thumbs rule
controller losses efficiency
= 25*(1-20) % *75
= 5.762A
Time taken to charge battery = battery capacity/current
= 75/5.76
= 13.02hrs
Time taken = charge time* depth of the charge
= 13.02*50%
= 6.51hrs
It takes about 7hrs to charge 12V, 75Ah battery with 300W solar
panels. Time to charge e-vehicle battery = battery Ah/charging current
= 10Ah/2.5
= 4hrs
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DESIGNAND FABRICATIONOFSOLARSTREETLIGHTINTEGRATEDWITHELECTRIC2-WHEELERCHARGER
5.4 List of components and its specifications
1. Solar Panel
Fig.1 : Solar Panel
Technical Specifications:
Capacity: 165W,12V
Voltage: Voltage at Max Power (Vmax) – 18.65
Open Circuit Voltage (Voc) – 22.84
Current: Current at Max Power (Imax) – 8.85A,
Short Circuit Current (Isc) – 9.55A
2. LIGHT INTENSITY SENSOR
Fig.2 : Light intensity sensor
Technical Specifications:
Power source:220-240V/AC
Power frequency: 50Hz
Power Current: 10A
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DESIGNAND FABRICATIONOFSOLARSTREETLIGHTINTEGRATEDWITHELECTRIC2-WHEELERCHARGER
3. Battery
Fig.3 : Battery
Technical Specifications:
Voltage rating = 12V
Current =75AH
4. Inverter
Fig.4 : Inverter
Technical specifications
Model = Solar PCU 1235/12V
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DESIGNAND FABRICATIONOFSOLARSTREETLIGHTINTEGRATEDWITHELECTRIC2-WHEELERCHARGER
5. Bulb
Fig.5 : Bulb
Technical Specifications:
Voltage -220v
Frequency-50Hz
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DESIGNAND FABRICATIONOFSOLARSTREETLIGHTINTEGRATEDWITHELECTRIC2-WHEELERCHARGER
CHAPTER 6
Total cost
Si no component quantity Amount/ price (IN RS)
1 Solar panel 1 3799/-
2 battery 1 3600/-
3 Solar charge controller 1 1500/-
4 Cabinet 1 1500/-
5 DC-AC converter 1 1000/-
6 Bulb 1 410/-
TOTAL 11809/-
Table 1: Total cost
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DESIGNAND FABRICATIONOFSOLARSTREETLIGHTINTEGRATEDWITHELECTRIC2-WHEELERCHARGER
CHAPTER 7
RESULT, CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
RESULT
Based on the experimentation, the output voltage obtained from the charging station is
220v.
The battery we have used in the charging station is of 220v and 75AH. It would take
around 8-9 hrs to charge the battery completely from the electricity produced by solar
panel. With the help of luminous intensity sensor auto on and off of the street light is also
possible. We
can also use charging facility and the street light at the same time. it would take around
4hrs to charge the e-vehicle having battery of 10AH.
CONCLUSION
This project enables us to use renewable energy resources to the maximum extent and to
promote the E-vehicle as they are eco-friendly so that there may be a chance of reduction
in pollution in future and the by this project, we would get access to charging station at all
places.
FUTURE SCOPE
In future, the rate of need for charging station will increase. This confirms that an increase
of E-vehicle charging stations is very much essential within public parking space, on
highways,
E-vehicle charging should be as simple as possible and should be built in parking
facilities, near shops, sports and leisure facilities. When electric vehicle is parked in the
vehicle parking area, the parking is made with solar panel with the help of this people will
be able to charge electric vehicle. An increase of charging stations is not only necessary on
the road but also private parking.
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REFERENCE
1. Kostopoulos, ED. Spyropoulos, GC: Kaldellis, JK. Real-World Study for the
Optimal Charging of Electric Vehicles Energy Rep 2020, 6, 418-426
2. Brenna, M., Foidelli, F.; Leone, C.; Long M. Electric Vehicles Charging Technology
Review and Optimal Size Estimation. J Elect. Eng Technol. 2020, 13.2539-2552.
3. Sharma, A.: Kapoor, A.; Chakrabarti, S. Impact of Plug-in Electric Vehicles on Power
Distribution System of Magog Cities of India & Case Study Available online
http:/home.kocinionsharma EV Report VI pdf (accessed on 9 July 2021).
4. Chandra Mouli, GR: Fan Duijsen, P., Grazian, F. Jamodkar. A. Bauer, P Isabella O
Sustainable E-Bike Charging Station That Enables AC DC and Wireless Charging from
Solar Energy Energies 2020, 13, 3549.
5. De Simone, D: Piegari, L. Integration of Stationary Batteries for Fast Charge E
Charging Stations Energies 2019, 12.
6. Atmaja, T.D. Energy Storage System Using Battery and Ultra capacitor on Mobile
Charging Station for Electric Vehicle Energy Procedia 2013, 68, 429-437.
7. Altaleb, H.; Rajnai 7. Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure and Charging
Technologies Haditechnika 2020
8. De Simone D. Piegari, L Integration of Stationary Batteries for Fast Charge EV
Charging Stations, Energies 2019, 12, 4638.
9. H. S. Das, M. M. Rahman, S. Li, and C. W. Tan. "Electric vehicles standards charging
infrastructure, and impact on grid integration: A technological review”, Renew Stain
Energy Rev. at 120 m November, 2020 10.1016). rser 2019.109618
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