ABILITY ENHANCEMENT COURSE BASED PROJECTWORK

REPORT

“AUTOMATIC SOLAR STREET LIGHT ”

Submitted by,

Name of the students USN

Abdul Munaf 4JN21EE001
B Manoj 4JN22EE403
Mohammed Fauwad Baig 4JN22EE413
Someshwar S P 4JN22EE418

Under the guidance of:

Mrs. Padmashree H R
Assistant Professor
Dept. of EEE

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NEW COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SHIVAMOGGA – 577204
2022-23

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NEW COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

SHIVAMOGGA – 57720

1
 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the microcontroller based project work entitled

“AUTOMATIC SOLAR STREET LIGHT”

Is a bonafide work carried out jointly by

Abdul Munaf 4JN21EE001

B Manoj 4JN22EE403
Mohammed Fauwad Baig 4JN22EE413
Someshwar S P 4JN22EE418

These students of 4th semester B.E., Electrical and Electronics Engineering under our
supervision and guidance towards the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of
the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical and Electronics Engineering as per the
university regulations during the year 2022-23.

…………………………. ……………………… ………………………..

Signature of the Guide Signature of the HOD Signature of Principal
Mrs. Padmashree H R Dr. Suresh H B Dr.P. Manjunatha
Ass. Prof., E.E.E. HOD, E.E.E. Principal, JNNCE

Name of Examiners: Signature of Examiners with date:

1. …………………………. ………………………….
2. …………………………. ……………………
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Firstly, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to the almighty for his solemn presence
throughout the project work.
We express our sincere gratitude to Dr. H. B. SURESH, Professor, Head of the Electrical and
Electronics Engineering Department for providing us with adequate facilities, ways and means
by which we are able to complete this Mini project work.
We are deeply indebted to our Micro controller based Project coordinator Dr VEERESHA K B,
Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering for providing us with
valuable advice and guidance during the course of the study.
We would like to express a deep sense of gratitude and thanks profusely to our Miniproject guide
Mrs. Padmashree H R, prof. Department of Electrical and Electronics engineering for his
proper guidance and valuable suggestions. Without his wise counsel and able guidance, it would
have been impossible to complete the project work in this manner.
Also, we would also like to express our sincere gratitude and special thanks to the principal Dr. P
Manjunath and Dean Academic Dr. P Manjunatha for providing an opportunity to carry out
this Mini-project work.
We would like to extend our heartfelt gratitude to the staff of the Department of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering for their constructive support and cooperation at each and every
juncture of the project work.
Finally, we would also like to express our gratitude to Jawaharlal Nehru New College of
Engineering for providing us with all the required facilities without which the project work
would not have been possible.

Project associates
Abdul Munaf 4JN21EE001
B Manoj 4JN22EE403
Mohammed Fauwad Baig 4JN22EE413
Someshwar S P 4JN22EE418
 CONTENTS

 Abstract
1. Introduction

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Statement of problem

1.3 Objective

2. Literature survey
3. Description of the Project
3.1 Block Diagram
3.2 Methodology

4. Simulation Model Description

4.1 Circuit diagram
4.2 Equipments
4.3 Equipment Description
5. Simulation
5.1 Program
5.2 Application
6. Advantages and Disadvantages
6.1 Advantages
6.2 Disadvantages
6.3 Appendix
List of Figures
3.1 BLOCKDAIGRAM 11

4.1 HARDWARE MODEL 13

4.3.1 ARDUINO NANO 15

4.3.2 SOLAR PANEL 16

4.3.3 SOLAR CHARGER 17

4.3.4 BMS 17
4.3.5 LITHIUM BATTERY 18

4.3.6 DC TO DC BOOST 18

4.3.7 SWITCH 19

4.3.8 OLED DISPLAY 19

4.3.9 LDR SENSOR 20

4.3.10 IR SENSOR 20

4.3.11 LDR 21

4.3.12 RESISTANCE 21

4.3.13 VOLTAGE SENSOR 22

 ABSTRACT

solar powered LED lights for energy management by controlling the light intensity of
street lights. This article introduces a solar powered LED street light that uses stored energy for
energy management. It will be used more effectively in rainy or cloudy seasons. The system is
developed and practically implemented using a microcontroller. This ensures that the street light
can work all night without turning off in the middle of the night, especially in rainy or cloudy
seasons, because there is less energy stored in the battery. LET lambs are the futures of lighting
and they are rapidly replacing traditional lambs worldwide due to their low power consumption
and long life. Use a light dependent resistor (LDR) light sensing device whose resistance drops
dramatically under sunlight for sensing purpose. In the measuring circuit, the light intensity is
monitored by an LDR sensor. In this way, the power consumption is efficiently realized and the
battery life is long
 CHAPTER -1

1.1 INTRODUCTION:-

Streetlights are one of the significant power-consuming systems in our country. More
innovations can be adopted into the traditional street lighting system. One of the ways to implement
efficient power consumption is by incorporating the Internet of Things (IoT) and automation into our
street lighting systems. The proposed model is a combination of both efficient power generation and
smart power consumption. By detecting the presence of objects, the street lights are made to glow at
maximum brightness to minimize energy consumption. In short, the street lights are controlled based
on the traffic density. The number of street lights glowing over a period of time will be directly
proportional to the traffic density at that period of time. For instance, if a single vehicle passes by a
particular street at a given time, only those street lights within the range of the IR sensor will glow
with high-intensity mode, while the others remain in lowintensity mode. This also proposing
renewable energy sources instead of conventional ones. Renewable energy sources are used, instead of
conventional energy sources, being in turn environment friendly and a great relief to the problems
overcome by excess power consumption. Solar streetlights are a major benefit for the society.
 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT:-

Street lights are continuously ON even when there is sufficient amount of Sun light is present. Existing
light system needs man power, High Power consumption of electricity. Manual hectic operation due to
change in season and climate. Street light are also on in the presence of sunlight.
To avoid the various problems discussed above need the conventional smart light system. And if use
all the essential sensors to implement the model so that all the street light can glow with the maximum
intensity where needed otherwise it will glow in minimum intensity

1.3 OBJECTIVES:-

• The objectives of solar street light are using optimization of cost in the rural area of India
with LED light.
• To replace the growing energy demand by using renewable energy source as solar.
• To light up the areas where there are many power cuts.
• Solar lights use low power consumption.
• Solar energy can be used for long term.
• Solar energy is reliable in nature
CHAPTER-2

1.1 LITERATURE SURVEY:-

1) “Anjali Y J , Aishwarya Basavaraja Kembavi January 2023 Solar Powered Automatic

Street Light System”.
In this paper , The concept is to mimic the natural tree replacing the leaves as solar panels in all
possible directions, electric power generated from those panels are fed into streetlights. Also,
the system provides a power-saving mode of operation by adapting the method of automation.
A dark sensor and a light sensor provides the automatic “ON”/”OFF” facility to the street lights

2) “S.SENTHILKUMAR, DEVARAJAN April 2023, Energy Saving Solar Powered LED

Street Lights with Automatic Intensity Control”.

In this paper , Solar powered LED street light that uses stored energy for energy management.
It will be used more effectively in rainy or cloudy seasons. The system is developed and
practically implemented using a microcontroller. This ensures that the street light can work all
night without turning off in the middle of the night, especially in rainy or cloudy seasons,
because there is less energy stored in the battery.

3) “Siddhi Bendre , Supriya Vidwans April 2023, IOT Based Solar Street Light Intensity
Control System”.
In this paper , The purpose of this system is to interact with the Arduino Uno board to control
the lighting system while using IR sensors to detect human presence in the immediate area. The
intelligent system operates in accordance with presence and sets up the lighting's dimmer and
control system while also operating the solar tracker concurrently. By following the sun's path,
the solar tracker receives sunlight more effectively than a traditional solar panel.
4) “K.Naveen, P. Geetha Rani, B.Sai Prathush June 2022 , Automatic Solar Street Light
Using Arduino”.
In this paper, suggests energy efficient of automatic street light by using Arduino. The main
objective is to design energy efficient automatic streetlight for energy conversation in present
streetlights of rural area, urban area and completely for smart cities. The system LED, solar
panel, charge controller, Battery, Arduino. The system is set to automatically turn OFF during
the hours of daylight and only operate during the night.

5) “Gurpreet Singh, Anish Kamal, Ankit Rajput, May 2019, SOLAR STREET LIGHT”.
In this paper, The demand of energy has increased in the world now. So, to fulfil the demands
of energy more and more fossil fuels are used, as a result fossil fuels will extinguish in future if
they are used at such a rate. To replace the loss of fossil fuels we can use renewable energy as
they are freely available and adequate.
 CHAPTER-3
3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM:-

FIG.3.1 BLOCKDAIGRAM

3.2 METHODOLOGY:

• During operation, the solar panel captures sunlight and converts it into electrical energy,
which is regulated and stored in the Li-ion battery via the solar charging circuit.
• The Arduino Uno, powered by the battery, controls the system . The system incorporates an
LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) to detect ambient light levels, ensuring that the LED lights
are only activated during nighttime.
• Three IR sensor modules detect vehicles passing by at different points along the street.
When a vehicle is detected by the first IR sensor, the Arduino activates the first two LEDs;
for the second IR sensor, it activates the third and fourth LEDs.
• When a vehicle passes the third IR sensor, all LEDs are turned off. Simultaneously, the
Arduino reads the battery voltage using the voltage sensor and displays the battery
percentage on the OLED display module.
• During daylight, the system remains dormant, conserving energy while the solar panel
continues to charge the battery, ensuring uninterrupted operation during subsequent nights.
This setup ensures efficient utilization of solar energy for street lighting while also
providing battery status information for maintenance purposes.
CHAPTER-4

SIMULATION MODEL DESCRIPTION

FIG. 4.1 HARDWARE MODEL

The basic operation of solar street lights is that it automatically turns on and off at a
specified parameter set into its controller that controls the circuit. When dusk arrives, the voltage
decreases to approximately 5V. This signals the LED lamp to switch on and use the electrical. Solar
lights work on the principle of photovoltaic effect. Solar panels absorb sunlight with the help of
solar cells and convert this solar energy into direct electrical current which is stored into solar
batteries via a charge controller for later use Photo voltaic solar cells convert the radiation of sun
light into electrical energy. The received electrical energy is stored in batteries through charge
controller. Charge controllers are generally used to protect the battery. The circuit is made
automatic by using Arduino which creates the required time delay, which helps in turning off the
light in day time and turn on in night time. If the days have been cloudy, most of the time, it is
unlikely that the solar cells have charged themselves abundantly. This will mean weak electricity
production from these batteries, which in turn, will imply that the lights will not sustain through the
night. However, if the sky becomes overcast suddenly, the photoreceptors will kick in to switch on
the lights.
4.2 EQUIPMENTS:-

Name Ratings Quantity

Arduino NANO 1

Solar panel 1

Solar charger 1

BMS 1

Battery 1

Dc to dc booster 1

LDR 1

IR senor 3

LED 4

Resistance 4

OLED display 1
 4.3 EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION:-

1) Arduino Nano :-
The Arduino Nano is an open-source breadboard -friendly microcontroller board based on the
Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller (MCU) and developed by Arduino.cc and initially
released in 2008. It offers the same connectivity and specs of the Arduino Uno board in a smaller
form factor.

FIG 4.3.1 ARDUINO NANO

2) Solar panel:-

The solar panel is the device which is used to convert the light energy into the electrical energy. A
photovoltaic module is a packaged, connect assembly of photovoltaic solar cells. Photovoltaic
modules constitute the photovoltaic array of a photovoltaic system that generates and supplies solar
electricity in commercial applications.
Solar panels are usually made from silicon, or another semiconductor material installed in a metal
panel frame with a glass casing. When this material is exposed to photons of sunlight (very small
packets of energy) it releases electrons and produces an
electric charge.
 FIG 4.3.2 SOLAR PANEL
3) Solar charger:-
Charge controllers are used to control the charging of the batteries. Since the output from the solar
panels are variable and needs adjustments, charge controllers fetches the variable voltage/current
from solar panels, condition it to suit the safety of the batteries. The main functions of charge
controllers are to prevent over-charging of batteries from solar panels, over-discharging of batteries
to the load and to control the functionalities of the load. Charge controllers are basically DC-DC
converters, where PWM technique (preferred scheme) is used to regulate the switches of the
controller. There are three general types of charge controller, mainly:

(i) Simple ON/OFF Controller

(ii) (ii) Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) Controller

(iii) (iii) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)

Controller

FIG 4.3.3 SOLAR CHARGER

4) BMS:-

A Battery Management System, commonly known as BMS, is an

electronic unit that plays a vital role in monitoring and controlling the
performance of EV batteries. It controls voltage, temperature, and
state of charge, which are critical parameters for the safe operation
of batteries commonly used in EVs.
 FIG 4.3.4 BMS

5) Lithium battery:-
A lithium-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery that is charged
and discharged by lithium ions moving between the negative
(anode) and positive (cathode) electrodes.

FIG4.3.5 li-on BATTERY

6) DC to DC Boost Converter:-
XL6009 module is a non-isolated step-up boost voltage converter
featuring adjustable output voltage, high efficiency. It
converts input voltage of 5-32V DC to an output voltage of 4-38V DC.

FIG 4.3.6 DC TO DC BOOST

7) ON /OFF Switch:-
A control is defined as an on-off switch when its function is to open or close an electrical circuit in a
stable manner.

FIG 4.3.7 SWITCH

8) OLED DISPLAY:-
A OLED display is a flat panel display that uses an array of light-emitting diodes as pixels for a
video display. Their brightness allows them to be used outdoors where they are visible in the
sun for store signs and billboards.

FIG 4.3.8 OLED DISPLAY

9) LDR Sensor:-
The light dependent resistor sensor is a basic tool that senses how much light is around. LDR
working by responding to different wavelengths of visible and infrared radiation, with its
resistance decreasing as the amount of ambient light intensity increases.

FIG 4.3.9 LDR SENSOR

10) LED:-
 A Light Emitting Diode (LED) is a semiconductor device, which can emit light when an electric
current passes through it. To do this, holes from p-type semiconductors recombine with
electrons from n-type semiconductors to produce light.

FIG 4.3.11 LED

11) IR Sensor:-
IR sensor is an electronic device, that emits the light in Order
to sense some object of the surroundings. An IR sensor can measure the heat of an object as
well as the motion. Usually, in the infrared spectrum, All the objects radiate some form of
thermal radiation. These types of radiations are invisible to our eyes, but Infrared sensor can
detect these radiations.

FIG 4.3.10 IR SENSOR

12) Resistance:-
Resistance is a measure of the opposition to current flow in an electrical circuit. Resistance is
measured in ohms, symbolized by the greek letter omega (Ω). Ohms are named after georg
simon ohm (1784-1854), a german physicist who studied relationship between voltage, current
and resistance.

FIG 4.3.12 RESISTANCE

13) Voltage sensor:-

 This sensor is used to monitor, calculate and determine the voltage supply. This sensor can
determine the AC or DC voltage level. The input of this sensor can be the voltage whereas the
output is the switches, analog voltage signal.

FIG 4.3.13 VOLTAGE SENSOR

CHAPTER-5

5.1 PROGRAM:-

#include <Wire.h>
#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>
#include <Adafruit_SSD1306.h>

#define SCREEN_WIDTH 128

#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 64

#define OLED_RESET -1
#define SCREEN_ADDRESS 0x3C
Adafruit_SSD1306 display(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, &Wire, OLED_RESET);

int ldr=A0;
int l1=2;
int l2=3;
int l3=4;
int l4=5;

int ir1=6;
int ir2=7;
int ir3=8;

// Define analog input

#define ANALOG_IN_PIN A1
float max=4.9;
float min=2.2;

// Floats for ADC voltage & Input voltage

float adc_voltage = 0.0;
float in_voltage = 0.0;

// Floats for resistor values in divider (in ohms)

float R1 = 30000.0;
float R2 = 7500.0;

// Float for Reference Voltage

float ref_voltage = 5.0;

// Integer for ADC value

int adc_value = 0;

void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
Serial.begin(9600);

if(!display.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, SCREEN_ADDRESS)) {
Serial.println(F("SSD1306 allocation failed"));
for(;;);

}
display.clearDisplay();
display.setTextColor(WHITE);
// display.setCursor(0, 0);
// display.println("Street light ");
// display.display();
// delay(5000);

pinMode(ldr,INPUT);
pinMode(l1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(l2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(l3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(l4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(ir1,INPUT);
pinMode(ir2,INPUT);
pinMode(ir3,INPUT);

}
void loop() {

int ldrval=analogRead(ldr);
Serial.println(ldrval);
int ir1val=digitalRead(ir1);
Serial.println(ir1val);
int ir2val=digitalRead(ir2);
Serial.println(ir2val);
int ir3val=digitalRead(ir3);
Serial.println(ir3val);

if(ldrval<100){
if(ir1val==0){
Serial.println("l1l2on");

digitalWrite(l1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(l2,HIGH);
}

if(ir2val==0){
Serial.println("l3l4on");
digitalWrite(l3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(l4,HIGH);
}

if(ir3val==0){
Serial.println("off");
digitalWrite(l1,LOW);
digitalWrite(l2,LOW);
digitalWrite(l3,LOW);
digitalWrite(l4,LOW);
}

// digitalWrite(l1,HIGH);
// digitalWrite(l2,HIGH);
// digitalWrite(l3,HIGH);
// digitalWrite(l4,HIGH);
}

else{
digitalWrite(l1,LOW);
digitalWrite(l2,LOW);
digitalWrite(l3,LOW);
digitalWrite(l4,LOW);
 }
adc_value = analogRead(ANALOG_IN_PIN);

// Determine voltage at ADC input

adc_voltage = (adc_value * ref_voltage) / 1024.0;

// Calculate voltage at divider input

in_voltage = adc_voltage / (R2/(R1+R2)) ;

// Print results to Serial Monitor to 2 decimal places

Serial.print("Input Voltage = ");
Serial.println(in_voltage, 2);

// float mappedValue = map(in_voltage, 0, 5, 0, 100);

float mappedValue = ((in_voltage - 2.7) / (4.2 - 2.7)) * 100;
if (mappedValue < 100){
mappedValue = mappedValue;}
else{
mappedValue= 100.0;}
Serial.println(mappedValue);
// display.setTextSize(1);
// display.setTextColor(WHITE);
display.clearDisplay();

display.setCursor(0, 0);
display.println("Street light System ");
display.display();
display.setCursor(10,20);
display.println("Percentage:");
display.display();
display.setCursor(85,20);
display.println(mappedValue);
display.display();

delay(1000);

}
5.2 APPLICATION:-

• Parking lots and pathways:-

These lights are suitable for illuminating parking lots, pathways, and outdoor areas
where consistent and automatic lighting is essential for security and visibility.

• Public Spaces:-

Parks, Society road line benefit from automatic solar street light, contributing to the
safety and ambiance of these areas while minimizing the environmental impact.
CHAPTER-6

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES:-

6.1 ADVANTAGES:-

1. Solar street lights require less maintenance.

2. Minimum risk of accidents since external wires are absent.
3. It is eco-friendly i.e., non-polluting source of electricity.
4. Separate parts of solar lighting system can be easily carried.
5. Energy saving and cost efficient plan.

6.2 DISADVANTAGES:-

1. Initial investments are higher.

2. High risk of theft.
3. Energy production can stop when snow or dust combined with moisture can accumulate on
horizontal PV-panels.
4. Rechargeable batteries are needed to be replaced several time.
6.3 APPENDIX:-

SI.NO COMPONENTS COST

01 ARDUINO NANO 400

02 16*2 LCD DISPLAY 200

03 SOLAR CHARGING CIRCUIT 30

04 VOLTAGE SENSOR 30

05 RESSISTOR 20

06 BATTERY 200

07 SINGLE CORE WIRE 50

08 IR SENSOR 200

09 SOLAR PANEL 100

10 BMS 100

11 DC TO DC BOOSTER 160

12 OLED DISPLAY 400

13 LED 10
 14 LDR 10

15 MISCELLANEOUS CHARGES 400

TOTAL 2310

6.4 REFERENCE:-

• Gowthami C, Santhosh. C, Pavan kumar. A, karthik. A, Ramya. K. R, “Design and

implementation of automatic street light control system using light dependent resistor,
“International journal of engineering trends and technology,(IJETT),May2016.
• Mustafa Saad, Abdalhalim Farij, Ahamed Salahand Abdalroof Abdaljalil,” Automatic Street
Light Control System Using Microcontroller,” Mathematical Methods and Optimization
Techniques in Engineering,10 December 2018.
• Monika Vaghela, Harshil Shah ,Hardik Jayswal, Hitesh Patel ,”Arduino Based Auto Street
Light Intensity Controller,”Inventi Journals(P) Ltd,13 May-2017.
• Snehal Bhosale, Komal Gawar, Pradnya Phalke, Dipali Wadekar, Pallavi Ahire, “IOT based
dynamic control of street light for smart city,” International Research Journal of Engineering
and Technology, May-2017.