MOBILE TV

SEMINAR REPORT

Submitted by

ABHISHEK T J

(2015034)

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER HARDWAREENGINEERING

MODEL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, MATTAKKARA

2022-2023
 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER HARWAREENGINEERING
MODEL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, MATTAKKARA

2022-2023

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the seminar report entitled MOBILE TV is the bonafide
record of the work done by ABHISHEK T J (2015034) of third year Polytechnic
(COMPUTER HARDWARE ENGINEERING) student as part of his seminar
work.

Mrs. Jithu Soman Mrs. Jincy George Mrs. Deepa M Kuruvilla

Seminar Coordinator Seminar Coordinator. Head of the department

Lecturer Dept. of CHE,MPTC Lecturer Dept .of CHE,MPTC Dept. of CHE,MPTC

Internal Examiner External Examiner

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, I thank GOD almighty for showering his blessings upon
me throughout the entire seminar work, my seminar was possible only because of
the encourage I received from all quarters.

Itakethisopportunitytoexpressmysincerethanksandgratitudetoprincipal
Mrs. Lincy Skaria for providing me with adequate facilities.

I expand my heartfelt thanks to Mrs. Deepa M Kuruvilla, Head of

computer science and engineering department for taking personal interest in my
seminar.

I am profusely grateful to my seminar coordinator’s Ms. Jithu Soman and

Ms. Jincy George, whose thoughtful commands and constant encouragement

improved my seminar significantly.

I express my sincere thanks to all staff members in the department of

computer science and engineering who have taken sincere effort in the presentation
of my seminar.

Finally, but not all least I would like to acknowledge the heartfelt efforts,
commands, criticisms, co-operation and tremendous support given to me by dear
friends during the presentation of my seminar and also during my seminar and also
during my presentation without whose support this work would have been all the
more difficult to accomplish.

ABHISHEK T J
 ABSTRACT

Mobile TV is the wireless transmission and reception of television content - video and voice - to
platforms that are either moving or capable of moving. Mobile TV allows viewers to enjoy
personalized, interactive television with content specifically adapted to the mobile medium. The
features of mobility and personalized consumption distinguish mobile TV from traditional television
services. The experience of viewing TV over mobile platforms differs in a variety of ways from
traditional television viewing, most notably in the size of the viewing screen The technologies used
to provide mobile TV services are digitally based, the terms uncast and multicast are used in the
same way they are used for IPTV. That is, uncasing is transmission to a single subscriber, while
multicasting sends content to multiple users. These definitions also correspond to those given for
similar Internet-based applications. For network operators, the challenge has become: 'How can
large-scale delivery of high-quality multimedia to wireless devices be implemented profitably?'
Although delivery of this type of content is technically feasible over today's existing uncast
networks such as 3G, these networks cannot support the volume and type of traffic required for a
fully realized multimedia delivery service (many channels delivered on a mass market scale).
Offloading multicast (one-to-many) multimedia traffic to a dedicated broadcast network is more
efficient and less costly than deploying similar services over 3G networks

iii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sl.No TITLE PageNo.

Abstract iii
List of Figures v
1. Introduction 01
2 Literature Review 04
3 System Architecture 07
3.1 working 08
4 Features 10
4.1 Multi-screen TV 11
4.2 portability 12
4.3 Reliability 12
5 Application 13
5.1 Broadcast mobile TV 15
5.2 BroadcastDTH 16
6 Advantages and Disadvantages 18
Conclusion
7 19
References
8 20

iv
 LIST OF FIGURES

Sl.No TITLE PageNo

1 DVB-B Mobile TV workflow 07

v
 MobileTV

CHAPTER1
INTRODUCTION

There are currently two main ways of delivering mobile TV. The first is via a two-way cellular
network, and the second is through a one-way, dedicated broadcast network. Each approach has
its own advantages and disadvantages. Delivery over an existing cellular network has the
advantage of using an established infrastructure, inherently reducing deployment costs. At the
sametime,theoperatorhasready-mademarketaccesstocurrentcellularsubscribers,whocanbe induced
to add mobile TV to the services they buy.

The main disadvantage of using cellular networks (2G or 3G) is that mobile TV competes with
voice and data services for bandwidth, which can decrease the overall quality of the mobile
operator's services. The high data rates that mobile TV demands can severely tax an already
capacity-limited cellular system. Also, one cannot assume that existing mobile handsets can
receive mobile TV applications without major redesign and replacement. Issues such as screen
size, receivedsignalstrength, batterypower, andprocessingcapabilitymaywelldrivethemobile TV
market to design hand-held receivers that provide a higher quality of voice and video than is
available on most current cellular handsets.

Many 2G mobile service operators and most 3G mobile service providers are providing VOD or
streaming video.These services are mainly unicast, with limited transmission capacity.They are
builtupontheunderlyingtechnologiesusedinthemobilecellularsystemitself-GSM,WCDMA, or
CDMA2000. An example of a technology designed to work on a 3G network is Multimedia
BroadcastMulticastService (MBMS), amulticastdistributionsystemthatcanoperateinaunicast or
multicast mode. Mobile TV services over existing GSM and WCDMA cellular networks
operates in the 5 MHz WCDMA bandwidth, and it supports six parallel, real-time broadcast
streaming services of 128 kbit/s each, per 5 MHz radio channel
One of the biggest aspects of mobile television is the provision of television broadcasts through
smartphones.With Smartphone adoption experiencing exponential growth, broadcast ersareusing
systems like third-party pay-for-performance services and Internet portals to deliver television
broadcastsdirectlythroughtheseportabledevices.Thecostmodelsaredifferent,but many of the
Dept.ofComputerHardwareEngineering,MPTC,Mattallara 1
MobileTV

Underlying principles are the same. For example, 30-second ads have been integrated into these
portals, this broadening consumer environment. Mobile television is evolving from the
traditional broadcast medium in the same way that cable television evolved from traditional
network television. The difference is that the venues for broadcasts are being fragmented into
different types of wireless networking setups.

Mobiletelevisionalsoinvolvesdifferentkindsoftechnicalproduction.OneisWi-FiorWiMAX,
whereTV broadcasts are streamed through the Internet. Other systems use terrestrial networks to
send wireless or radio signals from terrestrial base stations locally. Other methods use existing
tousersthroughmobiletelecommunicationsnetworks.MobileTVisanotabledevelopmentofthe 21st
century. It has been clear that Mobile TV has a great potential throughout the improvement cycle
and the various range of applications. South Korea is the country at the leading position in
Mobile TV sector and British Telecom followed it to be the first company to implement Mobile
TV outside of South Korea. This paper mentions some of the failure experiences in the market of
Mobile TV; thefailurewasbecauseofthebadserviceorthebadtimingtheservicewaslaunched at.
Virgin have stopped providing Mobile TV service after six months of its announcement. In
addition to that the Dutch operator KPN switched off their DVB-H Mobile TV because of the
shortage of mobile devices that support that technology.

The main disadvantage of using cellular networks (2G or 3G) is that mobile TV competes with
voice and data services for bandwidth, which can decrease the overall quality of the mobile
operator's services. The high data rates that mobile TV demands can severely tax an already
capacity-limited cellular system. Also, one cannot assume that existing mobile handsets can
receive mobile TV applications without major redesign and replacement. Issues such as screen
size

Dept.ofComputerHardwareEngineering,MPTC,Mattakkara 2
MobileTV

TV market to design hand-held receivers that provide a higher quality of voice and video than is
available on most current cellular handsets.

Many 2G mobile service operators and most 3G mobile service providers are providing VOD or
streaming video.These services are mainly unicast, with limited transmission capacity. They are
builtupontheunderlyingtechnologiesusedinthemobilecellularsystemitself-GSM,WCDMA, or
CDMA2000. An example of a technology designed to work on a 3G network is Multimedia
Broadcast MulticastService (MBMS), amulticastdistributionsystemthatcanoperateinaunicast or
multicast mode. Mobile TV services over existing GSM and WCDMA cellular networks
operates in the 5 MHz WCDMA bandwidth, and it supports six parallel, real-time broadcast
streaming services of 128 kbit/s each, per 5 MHz radio channel

Television have converged the technologies of movies and radio and now being converged with
mobilephones.MobileTVistheresultoftheconvergencebetweenmobiledevicesandtelevision.
Mobile TV is a key device and service that enrich civilization with applications, vast market and
great investment. Mobile TV is an important subject that has a potential impact on leading edge
technologies for promising future. In the time being Mobile TV is still in its early stages and has
manypotentials in this paper.When it comes to advertising, MobileTV presents the traditional TV
advertisements producing an interactive type of advertisements, enabling user engagement.
While in the case of mobile learning, mobile devices open up new chances for absorbing
knowledge and most recent information without forgetting the practical experience aspect.MMR
report focuses on Mobile TV volume and value at global level, regional level and company level.
From a global perspective, this report represents overall Mobile TV Market size by analyzing
historical data and future prospect. The use of high-speed data services with 5G, 4G, and 3G is
another factor mounting the mobile TV adoption. Nowadays world, users opt to watch online TV
on tablets and phones they own. Similarly, easy availability of internet that is high-speed is
further boosting the mobile TV subscriptions number. These advancements are expected to have
a positive impact on the growth of the global market for mobile TV in the near future. Also,
many telecom companies are highly investing in mobile TV infrastructure in order to offer high-
speed Internet, which will definitely result in growing the subscriber base as well as drive the
mobile TV market growth.

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MobileTV

Broadcasting merged with Broadcast Advertising in 1932, with the Broadcast Reporter in 1933,

and with Telecast in 1953. The title was changed to Broadcasting-Telecasting beginning with the
November 26, 1945, issue; Telecasting was dropped from the cover page on October 14, 1957, but
remained on the masthead through January 5, 1959. The title remained Broadcasting thereafter
until February 22, 1993, becoming Broadcasting & Cable with the March 1, 1993 issue.

Dept.ofComputerHardwareEngineering,MPTC,Mattakkara 4
MobileTV

CHAPTER 2
LITERATUREREVIEW

In[1] become an indispensable part of daily life. Smart phones, approximately firstly put
forward by Motorola in 1973, and made available from 1984, have affected almost the world
over the years. However, Smartphone addiction manifests itself as a pandemic in the 21st century
and excessive use of smart phones, accompanied by many health problems. Depression and
visual impairment are the most common health problems associated with excessive use of smart
phones. The most especially in the fingers, wrist and shoulders. As the duration of Smartphone
use increases, these complaints also increase. In addition, the use of smart phones affects certain
areas of the brain, such as the white matter of the internal capsule and strain terminals. The
excessive use of smart phones and the rapidly decreasing age of use have become important risk
factors for public health. Therefore, it is very important to define health complaints related to
excessive use of smart phones and provide users with special preventive measures. In this
review, the results of limited studies investigating the relationship between Smartphone use
effect on common health, especially on the musculoskeletal system diseases are brought
together.

In[2]TheintentionofthisstudyistoinvestigatehowSmartphonesareimpactingthesocietyand also how

Smartphone s are going to transform the culture, social life, technology landscape and
otherdiverseaspectsofmodernsociety.Theintentionofthisstudyistounderstandallthepositive and
negative aspects of Smartphone on the society. The study will primarily focus on impact of
Smartphoneonbusiness,education, health sectors, human psychology and social life. Attend,
thestudywillsummarizetheimpactandconcludebasedonwiderangeofimpactsthatSmartphone
shaveonsociety.Thepaperwillalsorecommendsolutions, inordertoreducethenegativeimpacts of
Smartphone s and realizes more benefits of this exiting technology.

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MobileTV

In[3]Widespreadandexcessiveuseofsmartphonesisverycommon,anditsoveruseisassociated with
several health-related conditions. A 58-year-old man presented with a spontaneous swan-
imaging of the affected hand revealed no mass lesion. He attended to the hand rehabilitation
program. At the end of the program, his pain decreased, and he was easily able to do the finger
range of motion exercises. In conclusion, smart phone addiction has an adverse influx neon hand
function and pinch strength. Youngsters should be aware of the harmful effects which may result
from Smartphone overuse.

In[4] Broadcasting was founded in Washington, D.C., by Martin Codel, Sol Taishoff and

former National Association of Broadcasters president Harry Shaw, and the first issue was
published on October 15, 1931. Originally, Shaw was publisher, Codel editor, and Taishoff
managing editor; when Shaw retired, Codel became publisher and Taishoff took over as editor-
in-chief. (Taishoff had succeeded Codel writing the radio column for the Consolidated Press
Association, both men using the pseudonym “Robert Mack”; the two met while covering radio in
Washington.)[4] The men operated under the corporate name Broadcasting Publications, Inc.;
after Shaw's departure, the company was owned by Codel, Taishoff, and their wives. Codel left
the magazine in January 1943, to work in public relations for the Red Cross in the North African
theater of the war, but remained on the masthead as publisher until June 1944, at which point
Taishoff and his wife bought out the Codels' interest in the magazine. Taishoff then assumed the
post of the publisher in addition to editor.

In [5] Security risks, requirements, and security policies have all changed in the new mobile
environment. The authentication for mobile communications networks techniques has piqued
academic and business interest as an issue for mobile communications evolution. Research about
mobilesecurityhasturnedintoaresearchhotspot.Thispaperconductsasystematicreview,which
Broadcasting merged with Broadcast Advertising in 1932, with the Broadcast Reporter in 1933,
and with Telecast in 1953.The title was changed to Broadcasting-Telecasting beginning with the
November 26, 1945, issue; Telecasting was dropped from the cover page on October 14, 1957, but
remained on the masthead through January 5, 1959. The title remained broadcasting thereafter

Dept.ofComputerHardwareEngineering,MPTC,Mattakkara 6
MobileTV

is a technique to evaluate, interpret and locate all accessible research materials to answer the
specific research question. This review was carried out in three stages: planning the data source
and search string, conducting the study selection, and then reporting the results of the review.
According to the analysis of the select primary stud, current Mobile Device Security research
focuses on four issues and trends: malware and intrusion detection, cryptography, authentication,
and information invasion. Of the four focuses, it can be said that the method most frequently
encounter edandusedisartificialintelligence.Inaddition, percentofresearchpapersutilized public
datasets, whereas 39.39 percent used private datasets. This research has contributed to the
academicandpracticalsideandcanguidefutureresearchorsystemdevelopmentrelatedtoMobile
Device Security.

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 MobileTV

CHAPTER 3
SYSTEMARCHITECTURE

Fig 1: DVB-B Mobile TV workflow

3.1Working of Mobiletv

DVB-H is officially endorsed by the European Union as the "preferred technology for terrestrial
mobile broadcasting or digital terrestrial television with additional features to meet the specific
requirements of handheld, battery-powered receivers. In 2002 four main requirements of the DVB-
H system were agreed: broadcast services for portable and mobile usage with 'acceptable quality'; a
typical user environment, and so geographical coverage, as mobile radio; access to service while
moving in a vehicle at high speed (as well as imperceptible handover when moving from one cell to
another); and as much compatibility with existing digital terrestrial television (DVB-T), to allow
sharing

Dept.ofComputerHardwareEngineering,MPTC,Mattakkara 8
 MobileTV

multi-core platform. It also schedules videos according to the DVB-H video features, in order to
reduce data dependency among the frames on a multicore platform

Shows the outline of the DVB-H/T system specifications for common TV broadcasting programs
using the DVBT signal transfer mode. Senders can use an A/D converter to convert the analog
video and audio signals to a digital signal, respectively, and use a Moving Picture Experts Group
2 (MPEG-2) codec technique to convert TV program data into MPEG-2 format. DVB-H service
data are compressed and encapsulated into an IP packet then encapsulated into the transmission
stream through a Multiprotocol Encapsulation (MPE) mechanism Mobile TV is the wireless
transmission and reception of television content - video and voice - to platforms that are either
moving or capable of moving. Mobile TV allows viewers to enjoy personalized, interactive
television with content specifically adapted to the mobile medium. The features of mobility and
personalized consumption distinguish mobile TV from traditional television services. The
experience of viewing TV over mobile platforms differs in a variety of ways from traditional
television viewing, most notably in the size of the viewing screen The technologies used to
provide mobile TV services are digitally based, the terms unicast and multicast are used in the
same way they are used for IPTV. That is, uncasing is transmission to a single subscriber, while
multicasting sends content to multiple users. These definitions also correspond to those given for
similar Internet-based applications. For network operators, the challenge has become: 'How can
large-scale delivery of high-quality multimedia to wireless devices be implemented profitably?'
Although delivery of this type of content is technically feasible over today's existing unicast
networks such as 3G, these networks cannot support the volume and type of traffic required for a
fully realized multimedia delivery service (many channels delivered on a mass market scale).
Offloading multicast (one-to-many) multimedia traffic to a dedicated broadcast network is more
efficient and less costly than deploying similar services over 3G networks Mobile TV is the
wireless transmission and reception of television content - video and voice - to platforms that are
either moving or capable of moving. Mobile TV allows viewers to enjoy personalized, interactive
television with content specifically adapted to the mobile medium. The features of mobility and
personalized consumption distinguish mobile TV from traditional television services. The
experience of viewing TV over mobile platforms differs in a variety of ways from traditional
television viewing, most notably in the size of the viewing screenThe technologies used to
Dept.ofComputerHardwareEngineering,MPTC,Mattakkara 9
 MobileTV
provide mobile TV services are digitally based, the terms unicast and multicast are used in the
same way they are used for IPTV. That is, unicasting is transmission to a single subscriber, while
multicasting sends content to multiple users.

These definitions also correspond to those given for similar Internet-based applications. For
network operators, the challenge has become: 'How can large-scale delivery of high-quality
multimedia to wireless devices be implemented profitably?' Although delivery of this type of
content is technically feasible over today's existing unicast networks such as 3G, these networks
cannot support the volume and type of traffic required for a fully realized multimedia delivery
service (many channels delivered on a mass market scale). Offloading multicast (one-to-many)
multimedia traffic to a dedicated broadcast network is more efficient and less costly than
deploying similar services over 3G networks Meanwhile ,the times lacing data stream is added.
Along with other DVB-T TV services, the multiplexer multiplexes it into a larger transmission
stream (or multiple program transmission stream) before sending the data in a DVB wireless
network .At there receiver,if aclientwants toreceivecertainservices,thereceiver front-
endcircuitmustruncontinuouslyinordertoobtainthecompletetransmissionstream. Then, the
demultiplexer extracts the video, audio, and data information streams of the selected programs
and delivers this information to the video decoder, audio decoder, and other applications for
processing.reverserecoveryportioniscalledtheDVB-HDecapsulation.TheIPdatacontainerformat for
each layer of DVB-H has an IP packet in the MPE section and redundant data in the
FECsection.AfterSectionformatencapsulation,theMPEandFECsectionsareconnected end to end
according to the encapsulating sequence to form a section data string. Then, it begins to slice the
first and all of the other 184 bytes of each section data string.
4-byte transmission stream header is added to the front of the 184-byte data length in order to
complete a transmission stream encapsulation or MPEG2 transmission stream
packet.Itsdatalengthis188bytes,with two majorparts.The first is a data front-end header that
occupies a 4-byte length with the available information, including a Sync. Byte = 47 hex for
synchronizing the emitter and receiver, error indications, and stream packet recognition.

Dept.ofComputerHardwareEngineering,MPTC,Mattakkara 10
MobileTV
H is officially endorsed by the European Union as the "preferred technology for terrestrial mobile
broadcasting or digital terrestrial television with additional features to meet the specific
requirements of handheld, battery-powered receivers. In 2002 four main requirements of the
DVB-H system were agreed: broadcast services for portable and mobile usage with 'acceptable
quality'; a typical user environment, and so geographical coverage, as mobile radio; access to
service while moving in a vehicle at high speed (as well as imperceptible handover when moving
from one cell to another); and as much compatibility with existing digital terrestrial television
(DVB-T), to allow sharing of network and transmission equipment.

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MobileTV

CHAPTER4

FEATURES
4.1 Multi-Screen TV

Foroperator-basedservices(i.e.,cable,satellite,andtelcoofferings),deliveringtomultiple screens
is more challenging for variety of reasons including that the rights for the content they have
acquired apply to their delivery platform only. Several operators are developing
Webvideoservicespositionedas“device-shifting”strategies.Inthesemodels,theoperator are
essentially online video providers, distributing a limited selection of their acquired content
over any broadband service, in other words, separate from connectivity provision.

4.2 Portability

The idea is to allow operability between cable operators and DTH service providers just like we
can use our mobile phones. This will help consumers immensely and will promote competition
while improving quality of services," said a senior Trai official. In telecom segment, mobile
number portability is allowed, enabling users to change service providers while retaining their
mobile numbers.
This proposed Tray move is also likely to bring down the cost of set-top box. The concept paper
will seek inputs from the industry and consumers. "Tray will work with all stakeholders to come
out with standards and specifications for the set-top boxes to make portability a success in the
cable broadcasting space," said a source.
in DTH space, which is growing rapidly in urban areas. DTH pay -TV sector is expected to
generate revenue of $4.04 billion by 2018, growing 19 per cent annually, from $1.71 billion in
2013, according to a last year report by Media Partners Asia (MPA). India has been digitizing
cable services inphases-topbox to watch television .By theend,

around100millionhavecableTVsubscription.WhileallurbanareasweredigitizedbyDecember 2015,
rest of India will be covered by December 2016.

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MobileTV

4.3 Reliability

Mobile tv is reliable and flexible mobile TV carts are a way of TV installation today. They are
generally used in business offices, exhibition halls and other places with large traffic or unstable
scenes. It is a good method for video conferences and information display. Generally, public or
business occasions such as company meetings, large shopping malls, hotels, airports, bank
teaching, etc., need to use Internet products such as TV to solve some problems, mainly used to
show videos, PPT conference information another content, which is convenient forustowatch
daily.

Speaking of mobile TV carts, every ones not unfamiliar, it is mainly akin do equipment for TV
installation.Thiskindofequipmentcanfacilitateourdailyuseandbringefficientandconvenient use
experience. Just as we go from table top to wall mounting, each has its own unique use, and the
mobile TV cart is no exception.

Dept.ofComputerHardwareEngineering,MPTC,Mattakkara 13
MobileTV

CHAPTER 5
APPLICATION OF MOBILE TV

5.1 Broadcast Mobile TV

operators, many other serenity erected in broadcasting MobileTV, which could lead to a battle
for the few licenses that will be handed out. The regulations differ from country to country. In
some countries it may note possible for a telecommunications operator to acquire such a license.
The closest competitor to DVB-H is Terrestrial Digital Multimedia Broadcast (T-DMB) based on
Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) radio and developed by a group of South Korean companies.
The spectrum license regulations may between hared fort-DMB, for example in theUK80%of the
DAB spectrum haste be used for audio broadcasting[4].Media Flow is proprietary Mobile TV
solution by Qualcomm, similar to DVB-H, but with a number of added features such as turbo
coding and scalable video [3]. These technologies will of course require, besides a whole new
broadcast infrastructure, handsets equipped with suitable Mobile TV receivers. As noted by
OllikainenandPeng,"Re-usingexistingD-TbroadcastinfrastructureforDVB-Hisnotenough to
achieve the same coverage level as for DVB-T services" [5]. DVB-H handsets are already
available from mobile phone manufacturers Nokia

5.2Broadcast DTH

Traditional Television uses a broadcast medium, i.e., different channels are played out from one
sourceandallthelistenersofachanneltuneintotheparticularchannelfrequency.Keepingthsame
philosophy, standards like DVB-H evolved from the broadcasting world, to allow viewership on the
mobile by tuning into the channel. The DVB-H technology did not take off worldwide mainly because
of the high upfront investment in infrastructure and because a separate radio network had to be built
exclusively for this purpose. Also, the technology was dependent on support in the handsets, which
needed an additional radio. Nokia tried to solve the problem by launching a DVB-H antenna
accessory that could plug into any Nokia phone and make it DVB-H enabled, but by the time they

Dept.ofComputerHardwareEngineering,MPTC,Mattakkara 14
MobileTV
launched this, the technology was more or less dead. In , Door darshan launched DVB-H on a trial
basis in some areas around Ashwani Bhavan in Delhi. This service can be availed using a DVB-H
compliant handset. Today, there are no DVB- H compliant handsets in the Indian market. Initially the
service was not launched commercially because of lack of spectrum in the UHF band (470-862 MHz),
and a lack of understanding on how to commercialize this model. Now the Information &
Broadcasting Ministry in India has already made plans to release this spectrum for auction to use for
Broadband Wireless Access (LTE) instead. So, this kills the DVB-H story in India.

There are currently two main ways of delivering mobile TV. The first is via a two-way cellular
network, and the second is through a one-way, dedicated broadcast network. Each approach has
its own advantages and disadvantages. Delivery over an existing cellular network has the
advantage of using an established infrastructure, inherently reducing deployment costs. At the
same time, the operator has ready-made market access to current cellular subscribers, who can be
induced to add mobile TV to the services they buy.

The main disadvantage of using cellular networks (2G or 3G) is that mobile TV competes with
voice and data services for bandwidth, which can decrease the overall quality of the mobile
operator's services. The high data rates that mobile TV demands can severely tax an already
capacity-limited cellular system. Also, one cannot assume that existing mobile handsets can
receive mobile TV applications without major redesign and replacement. Issues such as screen
size, received signal strength, battery power, and processing capability may well drive the
mobile TV market to design hand-held receivers that provide a higher quality of voice and video
than is available on most current cellular handsets.

Many 2G mobile service operators and most 3G mobile service providers are providing VOD or
streaming video. These services are mainly unicast, with limited transmission capacity. They are
built upon the underlying technologies used in the mobile cellular system itself - GSM,
WCDMA, or CDMA2000. An example of a technology designed to work on a 3G network is
Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS), a multicast distribution system that can
operate in a unicast or multicast mode. Mobile TV services over existing GSM and WCDMA
cellular networks operates in the 5 MHz WCDMA bandwidth, and it supports six parallel, real-
time broadcast streaming services of 128 kbit/s each, per 5 MHz radio channel

DVB-H is a broadcast/multicast technology that is a derivative of the existing DVH-T (digital

Dept.ofComputerHardwareEngineering,MPTC,Mattakkara 15
 MobileTV
terrestrial) standard, but designed for use with mobile devices.[2]Digital Video Broadcasting-
Handheld (DVB-H) is based on Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T) specification
and provides a solution to lower receiver power consumption and improves mobile receiving
performance. The common routes with DVB-T offer a major advantage as where there are
existing DVB-T implementations adding DVB-H is cheaper than implementing a system from
scratch.

the time slicing data stream is added. Along with other DVB-T TV services, the multiplexer
multiplexes it into a larger transmission stream (or multiple program transmission stream) before
sending the data in a DVB wireless network. At the receiver, if a client wants to receive certain
services, the receiver front-end circuit must run continuously in order to obtain the complete
transmission stream. Then, the demultiplexer extracts the video, audio, and data information
streams of the selected programs and delivers this information to the video decoder, audio
decoder, and other applications for processing.

The sender Multi-Protocol Encapsulation-Forward Error Correction (MPE-FEC) and time slicing
mechanisms are collectively called the DVB-H IP-Encapsulator, while the receiver reverse
recovery portion is called the DVB-H IPDecapsulator. The IP data container format for each layer
of DVB-H has an IP packet in the MPE section and redundant data in the FEC section. After
Section format encapsulation, the MPE and FEC sections are connected end to end according to
the encapsulating sequence to form a section data string. Then, it begins to slice the first and all of
the other 184 bytes of each section data string.

A 4-byte transmission stream header is added to the front of the 184-byte data length in order to
complete a transmission stream encapsulation or MPEG2 transmission stream packet. Its data
length is 188 bytes, with two major parts. The first is a data front-end header that occupies a 4-
byte length with the available information, including a Sync. Byte = 47 hex for synchronizing the
emitter and receiver, error indications, and stream packet recognition. The second part is the data

system is an end-to-end mobile broadcasting technology that can deliver high-quality video to
any mobile device. The "FLO" part of the name is an acronym for Forward Link Only. Forward
Link is another term for the downlink connection on a mobile phone, meaning that the system
only sends data to the mobile devices and does not receive any data back from it.[9] Currently,

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 MobileTV
the only commercially released devices that can receive the MediaFLO signal are mobile phones,
but the technology is capable of sending the signal to any device equipped with a MediaFLO
receiver. Qualcomm, an innovator in wireless technologies, has demonstrated the broadcast of a
MediaFLO signal on several mobile devices that are NOT tied to any cellular network.[5] In the
US, Qualcomm will broadcast its service on what used to be UHF Channel 55, which is roughly
the 700MHz frequency band

FLO technology was designed specifically for the efficient and economical distribution of the
same multimedia content to millions of wireless subscribers simultaneously. It actually reduces
the cost of delivering such content and enhances the user experience, allowing consumers to
"surf" channels of content on the same mobile handsets they use for traditional cellular voice and
data services, also works in concert with existing cellular data networks, FLO effectively
addresses the issues in delivering multimedia content to a mass consumer audience.
Unencumbered by legacy terrestrial or satellite delivery formats, this technology offers better
performance for mobility and spectral efficiency than other mobile broadcast technologies,
offering twice the channel capacity. The FLO service is designed to provide the user with a
viewing in a FLO network, content that is representative of a linear real-time channel is received
directly from content providers, typically via a C-band satellite in MPEG-21 format (704 or 720
x 480 or 576 pixels), utilizing off-the-shelf infrastructure equipment. This is the most common
format utilized by programmers, making it relatively simple for content providers to interface
with a FLO System. The use of a standard definition as a source content provides sufficient
resolution to allow for efficient transcoding to H.2642 QVGA resolution supported by the FLO
network.

Non-real-time content is received by a content server, typically via an IP link, and then
reformatted into FLO packet streams and redistributed over a Single Frequency Network (SFN).
This distribution of the FLO packet streams is facilitated by the MediaFLO Media Distribution
System (MDS). This non-real-time content is delivered according to a pre-arranged schedule.

Previous names included Broadcasting-Telecasting, Broadcasting and Broadcast Advertising,

and Broadcasting. B&C, which was published biweekly until January 1941, and weekly thereafter,
covers the business of television in the U.S.—programming, advertising, regulation, technology,

Dept.ofComputerHardwareEngineering,MPTC,Mattakkara 17
 MobileTV
finance, and news. In addition to the newsweekly, B&C operates a comprehensive website that
provides a roadmap for readers in an industry that is in constant flux due to shifts in technology,
culture and legislation, and offers a forum for industry debate and criticism.

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MobileTV

CHAPTER 6
ADVANTAGESANDDISADVANTAGES

6.1 Advantages

 ItdeliversmobileTVcontentstousersateverywhereincludingwhentheyaretravelling.Hence user
will not miss his/her favorite program of choice.
 MostoftheTVcontentsarefreeofcostanddoesnotrequireanysubscription.
 It benefits to media industry, broadcast network operators, mobile operators or service providers and
equipment/infrastructure vendors.

 The mobileTV standard such as DVB-H has many advantages as follows. Open standard
flexible, scalable and cost efficient Optimized for mobile device use which is
suitableforsmallscreen&antenna,batterypower,truemobilityandindoorcoverageetc.

 It can be used as a tool to kill boredom of many people.

 Advertiserswillbenefitbyrelayingtheirbusinessinformationtolargerandspecifictarget
audiences.

6.2 Disadvantages

 It requires fast internet to access mobile TV contents. If internet is slow, it takes more time to
load the video contents. This is very annoying to the users.

 Costs - new technologies and devices are often costly to purchase and require ongoing
maintenance and upkeep.
 Workplace distractions - as the range of technologies and devices increases, so does the
potential for them to disrupt productivity and workflow in the business.

 Additional training needs - staff may need instructions and training on how to use new
technology.

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MobileTV
 Increased IT security needs - portable devices are vulnerable to security risks, especially if
they contain sensitive or critical business data

 Leaving children and adolescents watching television for long periods,  Which may affect
them with many problems, such as: autism, isolation, introversion, Also sitting in front of this
screen for a long time causes many problems for the eyes.

  Dissemination of corrupt morals that harm the society and cause it to reach the lowest levels
of moral and behavioral degeneration by watching obscene serials, and immoral films, which
are widespread in many stations.

 Release terror in the hearts of people through newsletters that cause a sense of frustration and
negative.

 Some children and adolescents object to the life they live as a result of seeing unrealistic life
and wish them to live in this virtual life

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MobileTV

CHAPTER 7
CONCLUSION

The invention of the television affected the way people see themselves and the world around
them. opinions. When it first came out programming was extremely limited and therewereonly
certain hours of viewing. Ever since it was invented it has affected cultures throughout the world
and made an impact their respective values. It also is credited for advancing obesity. According
to research in a 1995 survey released by the NHNE [National Health and Nutrition Examination]
watching tv while eating is directly linked to over eating which causes obesity in children and
adults. Overall, the invention of the television has impacted society and the world in positive and
negative ways As the ABC billboard emphasizes that watching TV exudes hipnesssandhonorsin
spiteofthenegativeconnotationsthatitisattributedwith,thisismadepossibleonlybecausethis
advertisingwasreleasedduringtheageoftheInternet.Althoughtheremaybepeoplewhostayup all night
while surfing the net or tinkering nonstop with the computer, television viewing could also be
associated with the lack of education, unemployment, and may even be seen as an
‘addiction’.Whilethecasestudiespresentedinthisbookexhibitopinionsofthosefromthemiddle class
in terms of how television viewing can be associated with vulgarity, laziness, and passivity, the
book has also observed how television viewing causes its most severe media effects on those
from this social class.

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MobileTV

CHAPTER 8
REFERENCES

[1] Khouri,R.,TheRoleandPoweroftheMassMedia,PassaicSeminar1999MediaAndCommunicationSki
lls [Online]Availablehttp://www.passia.org/seminars/99/media_and_communication/rami2.html.

[2] NielsenMedia,“TurnedintothePhone:MobilevideouseintheU.S.andabroad,”January 2009,

available

[3] Vision of Personal Broadband, MIT Communications Futures Program,January2006,

http://cfp.mit.edu/publications/index.shtml.

[4] DavidClark,“NetworkNeutrality:WordsofPowerand800-PoundGorillas,”
International Journal of Communication

[5] B&C, Staff (May 18, 2020). ". Broadcasting & Cable. New York. Archived
from the original on April 21, 2020. Retrieved May 18, 2020.

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