Dinesh Vidhyapeeth

Hapur

PHYSICAL EDUCATION
PROJECT FILE
ON
BADMINTON

SESSION- 2022-23

PREPARED BY: - GUIDED BY: -

Vranda Garg Mr. ____________
XII
Roll no. 22 Teachers sign
 Certificate

This is to certify that Vranda Garg, a student of class XII Science

roll no 22 has successfully completed the research on the topic
Badminton during the year 2022-23 in partial fulfilment of
Physical Education Examination conducted by AISSCE, New
Delhi.

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 INDEX
1. Acknowledgement
2. Introduction
3. Theory
o Brief description of badminton
o Rules for:
o Court

o Serving

o Scoring

o Lets

o Equipment
o Racquet

o Shuttlecock

o Strings grip

o Position of shuttlecock and receiving player

o Vertical position of the shuttlecock
o spin

5. List of famous Indian Badminton player

6. Badminton Tournament
7. Competitions
8.List of National Sports award recipients, year (2010-2022), award and
gender.
9. Bibliography

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 Acknowledgement
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher
_______________ who gave me the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project on the topic BADMINTON, which also helped me in
doing a lot of Research and I came to know about so many new things I
am really thankful to them.

Secondly, I would also like to thank my parents who helped me a lot in

finalizing this project within the limited time frame.
Thank you!

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 INTRODUCTION
Badminton
Team members: Singles or doubles

Type: Racquet sport, Net sport

Equipment: Shuttlecock, racquet

 Badminton is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across a net.

 Although it may be played with larger teams, the most common forms of the game are "singles" and
"doubles
 Badminton is often played as a casual outdoor activity in a yard or on a beach; formal games are played
on a rectangular indoor court.
 Points are scored by striking the shuttlecock with the racquet and landing it within the opposing side's
half of the court.
 Each side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it passes over the net. Play ends once the
shuttlecock has struck the floor or if a fault has been called by the umpire,

Rules
Court
 The court is rectangular and divided into halves by a net.
 Courts are usually marked for both singles and doubles play, although badminton rules permit a
court to be marked for singles only. 
 The doubles court is wider than the singles court, but both are of the same length

 The full width of the court is 6.1 metres (20 feet), and in singles this width is reduced to 5.18
metres (17.0 feet).
 The full length of the court is 13.4 metres (44 feet). The service courts are marked by a centre line
dividing the width of the court, by a short service line at a distance of 1.98 metres (6 feet
6 inches) from the net, and by the outer side and back boundaries.
 In doubles, the service court is also marked by a long service line, which is 0.76 metres (2 feet
6 inches) from the back boundary.
 The net is 1.55 metres (5 feet 1 inch) high at the edges and 1.524 metres (5.00 feet) high in the
centre

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Serving
 When the server serves, the shuttlecock must pass over the
short service line on the opponents' court or it will count as a
fault.
 The server and receiver must remain within their service
courts, without touching the boundary lines, until the server
strikes the shuttlecock.

 At the start of the rally, the server and receiver stand in diagonally
opposite service courts 
 When the serving side loses a rally, the server immediately
passes to their opponent.

Scoring
 Each game is played to 21 points, with players scoring a point
whenever they win a rally regardless of whether they served .
 A match is the best of three games.
 If the score ties at 20–20, then the game continues until one
side gains a two-point lead (such as 24–22), except when
there is a tie at 29–29, in which the game goes to a golden
point of 30. Whoever scores this point wins the game.
 Alternatively, a coin may be tossed, with the winners choosing whether to serve or receive first, or
choosing which end of the court to occupy first, and their opponents making the leftover the remaining
choice.
 In subsequent games, the winners of the previous game serve first.
 Matches are best out of three: a player or pair must win two games (of 21 points each) to win the match.
 For the first rally of any doubles game, the serving pair may decide who serves and the receiving pair
may decide who receives. The players change ends at the start of the second game; if the match
reaches a third game, they change ends both at the start of the game and when the leading player's or
pair's score reaches 11 points.

Lets
 If a let is called, the rally is stopped and replayed with no change to the score
 Let may occur because of some unexpected disturbance such as a shuttlecock landing on a court
(having been hit there by players playing in adjacent court) or in small halls the shuttle may touch an
overhead rail which can be classed as a let.
 If the receiver is not ready when the service is delivered, a let shall be called; yet, if the receiver attempts
to return the shuttlecock, the receiver shall be judged to have been ready.

Equipment
Badminton rules restrict the design and size of racquets and shuttlecocks.

Racquets
 Badminton racquets are lightweight, with top quality racquets weighing between 70 and 95 grams not
including grip or strings.
 They are composed of many different materials ranging from carbon fibre to solid steel, which may be
augmented by a variety of materials.
  Carbon fibre has an excellent strength to weight ratio, is stiff, and gives excellent kinetic energy transfer.
 Before the adoption of carbon fibre composite, racquets were made of light metals such as aluminium.
 Cheap racquets are still often made of metals such as steel, but wooden racquets are no longer
manufactured for the ordinary market, because of their excessive mass and cost.
 Nowadays, nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and fullerene are added to racquets giving them
greater durability.
 There is a wide variety of racquet designs, although the laws limit the racquet size and shape. Different
racquets have playing characteristics that appeal to different players.

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 The traditional oval head shape is still available, but an isometric head shape is increasingly common in
new racquets.

Shuttlecock
 The shuttlecock is a feathered or plastic projectile which flies differently from the balls used in many
other sports.
 In particular, the feathers create much higher drag, causing the shuttlecock to decelerate more rapidly.
 Shuttlecocks also have a high top speed compared to the balls in other racquet sports.
 The flight of the shuttlecock gives the sport its distinctive nature.
 The cone is formed from sixteen overlapping feathers embedded into a rounded cork base.
 The cork is covered with thin leather or synthetic material.
  Synthetic shuttles are often used by recreational players to reduce their costs as feathered shuttles
break easily.
 These nylon shuttles may be constructed with either natural cork or synthetic foam base and a plastic
skirt.

A shuttlecock with a plastic skirt

Shuttlecocks with feathers

Strings
 Badminton strings for racquets are thin, high-performing strings with thicknesses ranging from about
0.62 to 0.73 mm.
 Thicker strings are more durable, but many players prefer the feel of thinner strings.
 String tension is normally in the range of 80 to 160 N.
 Professionals string between about 110 and 160 N .
 It is often argued that high string tensions improve control, whereas low string tensions increase power.

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   This is, in fact, incorrect, for a higher string tension can cause the shuttle to slide off the racquet and
hence make it harder to hit a shot accurately.
 An alternative view suggests that the optimum tension for power depends on the player ,the faster and
more accurately a player can swing their racquet, the higher the tension for maximum power.

Grip
 The choice of grip allows a player to increase the thickness of their racquet handle and choose a
comfortable surface to hold.
 Players may choose between a variety of grip materials.
 The most common choices are PU synthetic grips or towelling grips.
 There are two main types of grip: replacement grips and overgrips.
Replacement grips are thicker and are often used to increase the size of the handle.
Overgrips are thinner (less than 1 mm), and are often used as the final layer.

Position of the shuttlecock and receiving player

 players have much better attacking options if they can reach the shuttlecock well above net height,
especially if it is also close to the net. 
In the forecourt, a high shuttlecock will be met with a net kill, hitting it steeply downwards and attempting to
win the rally immediately.
This is why it is best to drop the shuttlecock just over the net in this situation. 
In the midcourt, a high shuttlecock will usually be met with a powerful smash, also hitting downwards and
hoping for an outright winner or a weak reply.
 In the rearcourt, players strive to hit the shuttlecock while it is still above them, rather than allowing it to
drop lowers. This overhead hitting allows them to play smashes, clears , and drop shots .
If the shuttlecock has dropped lower, then a smash is impossible and a full-length, high clear is difficult.

Vertical position of the shuttlecock

 When the shuttlecock is well below net height,
1. Players have no choice but to hit upwards. 
2. Lifts, where the shuttlecock is hit upwards to the back of the opponents' court, can be played from all
parts of the court.
3. If a player does not lift, their only remaining option is to push the shuttlecock softly back to the net: in the
forecourt, this is called a net shot; in the midcourt or rear court, it is often called a push or block.
 When the shuttlecock is near to net height,
1. Players can hit drives, which travel flat and rapidly over the net into the opponents' rear midcourt and
rear court.
2. Pushes may also be hit flatter, placing the shuttlecock into the front midcourt. Drives and pushes may
be played from the midcourt or forecourt, and are most often used in doubles: they are an attempt to
regain the attack, rather than choosing to lift the shuttlecock and defend against smashes.
3. After a successful drive or push, the opponents will often be forced to lift the shuttlecock.

Spin
Balls may be spun to alter their to produce such spin
The shuttlecock is not allowed to bounce, but slicing the shuttlecock does have applications in badminton.

 Slicing the shuttlecock from the side may cause it to travel in a different direction from the direction
suggested by the player's racquet or body movement. This is used to deceive opponents.
 Slicing the shuttlecock from the side may cause it to follow a slightly curved path (as seen from above), and
the deceleration imparted by the spin causes sliced strokes to slow down more suddenly towards the end of
their flight path. This can be used to create drop shots and smashes that dip more steeply after they pass
the net.

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 When playing a net shot, slicing underneath the shuttlecock may cause it to turn over itself (tumble) several
times as it passes the net. This is called a spinning net shot or tumbling net shot. The opponent will be
unwilling to address the shuttlecock until it has corrected its orientation.
Due to the way that its feathers overlap, a shuttlecock also has a slight natural spin about its axis of rotational
symmetry.
The spin is in a counter-clockwise direction as seen from above when dropping a shuttlecock.
This natural spin affects certain strokes: a tumbling net shot is more effective if the slicing action is from right to
left, rather than from left to right.

List of Top 11 Famous Indian Badminton Players

o Nandu Nateka
o Parupalli Kashyap
o Ashwini Ponnappa
o Jwala Gutta:
o Aparna Popat
o Srikanth Kidambi
o Saina Nehwal
o PV Sindhu
o Lakshya Sen
o Pullela Gopichand
Badminton Tournament
The Badminton World Federation (BWF) has announced the new schedule of the yearly Badminton tournaments
calendar for the period 2023-2026. This new format will be followed for a four-year period, starting from next
year.

Four new announced tournaments are to take place in countries like Japan, Canada, Finland and Australia from
2023 onwards.

According to the BWF calendar, there are five levels of different types of tournaments that take place every year.

Those five are :

1. Super 1000
2. Super 750
3. Super 500
4. Super 300
5. Super 100

These Tournaments happen every year. Moreover, the only tournaments to trump over these are the BWF
World Champions and Olympics.

The highest possible ranking points are 124,000 as of 2022 but will soon increase to 125,000 in 2023 with 4 Super
1000 Tournaments.

Competitions
 The BWF organizes several international competitions, including the 

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 o Thomas Cup, the premier men's international team event 1948–1949
o Uber Cup, the women's equivalent first held in 1956–1957.
o The Sudirman Cup, a gender-mixed international team event held once every two years, began in
1989.
 The competitions now take place once every two years.
 The final tournament involves 12 teams, following an increase from eight teams in 2004. It was further
increased to 16 teams in 2012.
 The Thomas, Uber, and Sudirman Cups, the Olympics, and the BWF World (and World Junior
Championships), are all categorized as level one tournaments.
 Level three tournaments consist of Grand Prix Gold and Grand Prix event. Top players can collect the
world ranking points and enable them to play in the BWF Super Series open tournaments
 The level four tournaments, known as International Challenge, International Series, and Future Series,
encourage participation by junior players.

List of National Sports award recipients, year (2010-2022), award and gender

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2011 Jwala Gutta Arjuna Award Female

2012 Parupalli Kashyap Arjuna Award Male

2012 Ashwini Ponnappa Arjuna Award Female

2013 P. V. Sindhu Arjuna Award Female

2014 Valiyaveetil Diju Arjuna Award Male

2015 Srikanth Kidambi Arjuna Award Male

2018 N. Sikki Reddy Arjuna Award Female

2019 B. Sai Praneeth Arjuna Award Male

2020 Satwiksairaj Rankireddy Arjuna Award Male

2020 Chirag Shetty Arjuna Award Male

2022 Lakshya Sen Arjuna Award Male

2022 Prannoy H. S. Arjuna Award Male

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

 Adams, Bernard (1980), The Badminton Story, BBC Books, ISBN 0563164654

 Boga, Steve (2008), Badminton, Paw Prints, ISBN 978-1439504789
 Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911), "Badminton (game)" , Encyclopaedia Britannica, vol. 3 (11th ed.), Cambridge
University Press, p. 189
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#Rules
 https://www.khelmart.com/
 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Badminton_court_legal_bounds.svg
 https://sportskeeda.com/badminton/badminton-players-from-india

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