DAV

PUBLI
PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROJECT WORK

C On
CRICKET
SCHO
OL

Submitted To:
Submitted by:
Mr. Subash Chandra S.B
SriKalyan
Dept. of Physical education Class XII-
A
 INDEX
Certificate
Acknowledgement
Introduction
History of the game
Cricket Equipment
Language of the Game
Objectives of Cricket
Types of Matches
Gallery
Stadiums
Famous Cricketers
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that S.B SriKalyan of class
XII,D.A.V Public School has completed the
project titled CRICKET during academic year
2016-2017 towards the partial fulfillment of
credit to physical education practical
Evaluation of the Central Board Of Secondary
Education(CBSE) 2017, and submitted a
satisfactory report, as compiled in the
following pages under my supervision.

Signature of Internal Signature of

External
 ACKNOWLEDGEMEN
T

There is not more pleasing exercise of the mind

then gratitude. It is accompanied with such an
inward satisfaction that the duty is sufficiently
rewarded by the performance.

The accomplishment of any project work depends

on cooperation, coordination, and united efforts of
several sources material, knowledge and time.
Hence this opportunity is taken to express my
appreciation to all the people for completion of this
project.

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my

Physical Education mentor, Mr.Subash Chandra and
Respected Principal Madam, for their vital support,
guidance and encouragement, without whom this
project would not have come forth.
 INTRODUCTION
Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams
of 11 players on an oval-shaped field, at the center of
which is a rectangular 22-yard long pitch. One team bats,
trying to score as many runs as possible while the other
team bowls and fields, trying to dismiss the batsmen and
thus limit the runs scored by the batting team. A run is
scored by the striking batsman hitting the ball with his
bat, running to the opposite end of the pitch and touching
the crease there without being dismissed. The teams
switch between batting and fielding at the end of an
innings.
In professional cricket the length of a game ranges from
20 overs of six bowling deliveries per side to Test cricket
played over five days. The Laws of Cricket are maintained
by the International Cricket Council (ICC) and the
Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) with additional Standard
Playing Conditions for Test matches and One Day
Internationals.
Cricket is the second most popular sport in the world
behind soccer. The ICC, the game's governing body, has
ten full members. The game is played particularly in
Australasia, the Indian subcontinent, the West Indies,
Southern Africa and England.

HISTORY OF THE GAME

The sport of cricket has a known history beginning in the

late 16th century. Having originated in south-east England,
it became the country's national sport in the 18th century
and has developed globally in the 19th and 20th centuries.
International matches have been played since 1844
and Test cricket began, retrospectively recognized, in
1877. Cricket is the world's second most popular spectator
 sport after association football. Governance is by
the International Cricket Council (ICC) which has over one
hundred members although only ten play Test cricket.

ORIGIN OF CRICKET
The origin of cricket is unknown. There is a
consensus of expert opinion that it was probably
created during Saxon or Norman times by children
living in the Weald, an area of dense woodlands and
clearings in south-east England that lie
across Kent and Sussex. The first definite reference is
dated Monday, 17 January 1597.
There have been several speculations about the
game's origins including some that it was created in
France or Flanders. The earliest of these speculative
references is dated Thursday, 10 March 1300 (Julian
date) and concerns the future King Edward II playing
at "creag and other games" in
both Westminster and Newenden. It has been
suggested that "creag" was an Old English word for
cricket but expert opinion is that it was an early
spelling of "craic, meaning "fun and games in
general".
It is generally believed that cricket survived as a
children's game for many generations before it was
increasingly taken up by adults around the beginning
of the 17th century. Possibly cricket was derived
from bowls assuming bowls is the older sport, by the
intervention of a batsman trying to stop the ball from
reaching its target by hitting it away.

THE 18th CENTURY CRICKET

Cricket was in fact a major gambling sport towards

the end of the 17th century. It is recorded that in
the year 1679, an 11-a- side match was played
with stakes as high as 50 guineas per side.
During the 18th century cricket survived and
thrived due to the huge amounts of money via
monetary backing and gambling.
The first instance of a match to be played between
counties in England is recorded to be on 29th June
in the year 1709. This match was played between
Surrey and Kent at Dartford Brent.
The first English touring team on board ship at
Liverpool in 1859
The 18th century also witnessed the emergence of
two types of cricket players. They were known as
the retained player and the individual player.
Generally the retained player was the servant of
the lord and a cricketer as well. On the other hand
the individual player was free to play anywhere
with his skills
In the year 1787, the Marylebone Cricket Club also
known MCC was created. The MCC has since then
gone on to become one of the most prominent
bodies in world cricket. The late 18th century was a
very crucial phase for the development of the
game, both within and outside Britain. The game
was spread far and wide mainly due to Englands
imperialism. The first official match was held
between Canada and United States was held in the
year 1844.

In the present times, cricket has its own following

of loyal fans. The International Cricket Council,
better known as the ICC is the governing body in
world cricket. The ICC was founded on the 15th of
June in the year 1909. All laws relating to ODIs and
Test Cricket are framed and implemented by the
ICC.

THE INDIAN CRICKET

Cricket was popularized by English settlers and the

British army. The Oriental Club was the first all-
Indian cricket club, specifically for an Indian
religious sect. In 1906, a triangular match was
played with the Hindus, the Parsis, and the
Europeans; however in 1912, it became a
quadrangular tournament with a Muslim team. The
National championship has been played since 1934
for the Ranji Trophy, named for K.S. Ranjitsinhji,
one of the most famous Indian cricketers.
21st Century Revolution
Cricket remains a major world sport in terms of
participants, spectators and media interest.
Cricket's newest innovation is Twenty20, essentially
an evening entertainment. It has so far enjoyed
enormous popularity and has attracted large
attendances at matches as well as good TV
audience ratings. The inaugural ICC Twenty20
World Cup tournament was held in 2007 with a
follow-up event in 2009. The formation of Twenty20
leagues in India the unofficial Indian Cricket
League, which started in 2007, and the official
Indian Premier League, starting in 2008 raised
much speculation in the cricketing press about
their effect on the future of cricket.
CRICKET EQUIPMENT
WICKET AND CREASES - A wicket is three
stakes or stumps placed into the ground so
that a cricket ball cannot pass between them.
There are two wickets, which the bowler
attacks and which the batsman defends. The
creases are lines of whitewash that mark the
ground at each wicket. The bowling and return
creases mark the area where the bowler's rear
 foot must be placed when bowling the ball; the
popping crease marks the area which is the
batsman's ground.

BAT AND BALL - The bat is paddle shaped

made of willow and approximately 11
centimeters wide. It, including the handle, may
not under regulation exceed 97 centimeters in
length. The ball is made of a core of cork
encased in red leather. The two leather halves
are sewn together with a raised seam. A
baseball is slightly heavier, softer, and larger
than a standard cricket ball.
DRESS - The players usually wear white flannel
pants and shirt, white canvas or buck shoes, a
white woolen sweater (often times with their
club colors trimming it), and multicolored club
caps. A batsman wears protective white pads,
or leg guards, rubber or leather batting gloves,
and a body protector. The wicketkeeper also
wears pads and reinforced gloves. However,
the fielders in cricket do not wear gloves when
fielding.
IMAGES OF THE EQUIPMENT USED
 LANGUAGE
1.CAPPED - A cricket player is "capped" when he
is selected to play for a representative team.
This term comes from the use of club caps in
the game.

2. REPRESENTATIVE TEAM - A "representative

team" is a team of cricket players selected by their
ability to represent a county, a country, etc. These
players are normally selected from among club
teams or minor teams.)

3.INNINGS - An innings has actually several term

usages in cricket. (1) It is a turn of a batsman to
bat, (2) a turn of a team to bat, or (3) when
results are being given, it is when one team still
has a turn to bat but has scored more runs than
the opposing team (which has completed its two
innings.)
4.FOLLOW ON - To "follow on" occurs when a team
bats out of turn (e.g. second innings directly
after first innings) after scoring less than the
opposing team in first innings by a certain
number of runs.
5.HIT A SIX - To "hit a six" means to hit the ball
over a boundary without it touching the ground,
thus scoring six runs.
6.PITCH - A "pitch" can be used in several ways. It
is the area going 1.5 meters on either side of
the center line between the wickets, the impact
of a bowled ball on the ground, or the distance
from one wicket to the other.

7.WICKET - The word "wicket" has four meanings

in cricket. First, it is the goal, consisting of three
 stakes, which two sticks lay on top of. The
batsman defends them and the bowler attempts
to hit. Secondly, it is a turn to bat. Thirdly, a
wicket is, in scoring, if a side is batting last, it is
the number of batsmen who have to be put out
(dismissed) when the opponent's score is
passed.
And lastly, it is the area between two sets of
stumps (also known as pitch.)

8.STICKY WICKET - A "sticky wicket" is a wicket

(pitch) that is drying after a rain. Any soft soil -
turf - makes playing more difficult for batsman.
 OBJECTIVES OF CRICKET
The objective of each team is to score more runs
than the other team and to completely dismiss the
other team. In limited overs cricket, winning the
game is achieved by scoring the most runs within
the overs allowed, even if the opposition has
not been completely dismissed. In Test cricket, it is
necessary to score the most runs and dismiss the
opposition twice in order to win the match, which
would otherwise be drawn.

TYPES OF MATCHES

Test cricket
Test cricket is the highest standard of first-class
cricket. A Test match is an international fixture
between teams representing those countries that
are Full Members of the ICC.
Although the term "Test match" was not coined
until much later, Test cricket is deemed to have
begun with two matches between Australia and
England in the187677 Australian season.
Subsequently, eight other national teams have
 achieved Test status: South Africa (1889), West
Indies (1928), New Zealand (1929), India(1932),
Pakistan (1952), Sri Lanka (1982), Zimbabwe
(1992) and Bangladesh(2000). Zimbabwe
suspended its Test status in 2006 due to its
inability to compete against other Test teams,and
returned in 2011.
Test matches between two teams are usually
played in a group of matches called a "series".
Matches last up to five days and a series normally
consists of three to five matches. Test matches that
are not finished within the allotted time are drawn.
In the case of Test and first-class cricket: the
possibility of a draw often encourages a team that
is batting last and well behind to bat defensively,
giving up any faint chance at a win to avoid a loss.
Since 1882, most Test series between England and
Australia have been played for a trophy known as
The Ashes. Some other bilateral series have
individual trophies too: for example, the Wisden
Trophy is contested by England and West Indies;
the Frank Worrell Trophy by Australia and West
Indies and the Border-Gavaskar Trophy between
India and Australia.
Limited overs
Standard limited overs cricket was introduced in
England in the 1963 season in the form of a
knockout cup contested by the first-class county
clubs. In 1969, a national league competition was
established. The concept was gradually introduced
to the other major cricket countries and the first
limited overs international was played in 1971. In
1975, the first Cricket World Cup took place in
England. Limited overs cricket has seen various
innovations including the use of multi-coloured kit
and floodlit matches using a white ball.
A "one day match", named so because each match
is scheduled for completion in a single day, is the
common form of limited overs cricket played on an
international level. In practice, matches sometimes
continue on a second day if they have been
interrupted or postponed by bad weather. The main
objective of a limited overs match is to produce a
definite result and so a conventional draw is not
possible, but matches can be
undecided if the scores are tied or if bad weather
prevents a result. Each team plays one innings only
 and faces a limited number of overs, usually a
maximum of 50. The Cricket World Cup is held in
one day format and the last World Cup in 2011 was
won by the co-hosts, India. The next World Cup will
hosted byAustralia and New Zealand in 2015.
Twenty20 is a new variant of limited overs itself
with the purpose being to complete the match
within about three hours, usually in an evening
session. The original idea, when the concept was
introduced in England in 2003, was to provide
workers with an evening entertainment. It was
commercially successful and has been adopted
internationally.

National championships
Yorkshire County Cricket Club in 1895. The team
won the first of its 30 County Championship titles
in 1893.
First-class cricket includes Test cricket but the term
is generally used to refer to the highest level of
domestic cricket in those countries with full ICC
membership, although there are exceptions to this.
First-class cricket in England is played for the most
part by the 18 county clubs which contest the
County
Championship. The concept of a champion county
has existed since the 18th century but the official
competition was not established until 1890. The
most successful club has beenYorkshire County
Cricket Club with 30 official titles.
Australia established its national first-class
championship in 189293 when the Sheffield Shield
was introduced. In Australia, the first-class teams
represent the various states. New South Wales has
won the maximum number of titles with 45 to
2008.
National championship trophies to be established
elsewhere included the Ranji Trophy (India), Plunket
Shield (New Zealand), Currie Cup (South Africa)
and
Shell Shield (West Indies). Some of these
competitions have been updated and renamed in
recent years.

Domestic limited overs competitions began with

England's Gillette Cup knockout in 1963. Countries
usually stage seasonal limited overs competitions
in both knockout and league format. In recent
years, national Twenty20 competitions have been
introduced, usually in knockout form though some
incorporate mini-leagues.
There are numerous variations of the sport played
throughout the world that include indoor cricket,
French cricket, beach cricket, Kwik cricket and all
sorts of card games and board games that have
been inspired by cricket. In these variants, the
rules are often changed to make the game
playable with limited resources or to render it more
convenient and enjoyable for the participants.
Indoor cricket is played in a netted, indoor arena,
and is quite formal but many of the outdoor
variants are very informal.
Families and teenagers play backyard cricket in
suburban yards or driveways, and the cities of
India and Pakistan play host to countless games of
"Gully Cricket" or "tapeball" in their long narrow
streets.
In Samoa a form of cricket called Kilikiti is played in
which hockey stick-shaped bats are used. In
Estonia, teams gather over the winter for the
 annual Ice Cricket tournament. INTERNATIONAL
STRUCTURE -ICC
ICC member nations. The (highest level) Test
playing nations are shown in orange; the associate
member nations are shown in yellow; the affiliate
member nations are shown in purple.
The International Cricket Council (ICC), which has
its headquarters in Dubai, is the international
governing body of cricket. It was founded as the
Imperial Cricket Conference in 1909 by
representatives from England, Australia and South
Africa, renamed the International Cricket
Conference in 1965, and took up its current name
in 1989.
The ICC has 104 members: 10 Full Members that
play official Test matches, 34 Associate Members,
and 60 Affiliate Members.The ICC is responsible for
the organisation and governance of cricket's major
international tournaments, notably the Cricket
World Cup. It also appoints the umpires and
referees that officiate at all sanctioned Test
matches, One Day International and Twenty20
Internationals. Each nation has a national cricket
board which regulates cricket matches played in its
country. The cricket board also selects the national
squad and organizes home and away tours for the
national team. In the West Indies these matters are
addressed by the West
Indies Cricket Board which consists of members
appointed by four national boards and two multi-
national boards.
Vision of Success As a leading global sport , cricket
will captivate and inspire people of every age,
gender, background and ability, while building
bridges between continents, countries and
communities.
Strategic Direction A Bigger Better Global Game
Targeting more players, more fans, more
competitive teams. Our long-term success will be
judged on growth in participation and public
interest and the competitiveness of teams
participating in men's and women's international
cricket.
Mission Statement - Leading World Cricket by:
* Providing a world class environment for
international cricket
* Delivering "major' events across three formats
* Providing targeted support to Members
 * Promoting the global game.
STRATEGIC PLAN
The Way Forward for International Cricket
The ICC Strategic Plan 2011-15 was launched at
the ICC's Annual Conference in Hong Kong in June
2011. After a two-year consultation period with the
game's stakeholders, including Members, players,
media and supporters, the plan sets out a vision for
international cricket.
By following through on our commitment to
develop new competition structures and
meritocratic pathways for men's and women's
teams across Test, ODI and T20I cricket, supported
by effective targeting, the ICC will be well-placed to
achieve a truly global game with more players,
more fans and more competitive teams.
The ICC vision for 2011-15 is to create A bigger,
better, global game' aimed at Targeting more
players, more fans, more competitive teams.'
Our success between 2011 and 2015 will be judged
on growth in participation and public interest and
the competitiveness of teams participating in
men's and women's international cricket.
ICC WORLD CUP
The ICC Cricket World Cup is the showpiece event
of the cricket calendar and takes place every four
years, with matches contested in a 50 overs per
side format.
There have been ten events so far, with the first
tournament taking place in England in 1975.
The last ICC Cricket World Cup took place in 2011
in which was won by India, who hosted the
tournament along with Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.
 FAMOUS STADIUMS
INDIAN
INTERNATIONAL
 Eden Gardens, KOLKATA Melbourne, AUSTRALIA

Wankhede stadium, MUMBAI Oval Stadium,

ENGLAND

Chinnaswamy Stadium, CHENNAI Lords, LONDON

FAMOUS CRICKETERS
INDIAN
INTERNATIONAL
 Anil Kumble , INDIA Brett Lee,
AUSTRALIA
Sachin Tendulkar, INDIA Adam Gilchrist,
AUSTRALIA
M.S Dhoni, INDIA Alec Stewart,
AUSTRALIA