AUTHENTIC BOOKS OF THE MARTIAL ARTS

WHAT IS KARATE? THE WAY OF KARATE

by M. Oyama by E. Mattson
New Edition! A valuable book on Karate by Explains the Okinawan style of Karate with
an unparalled Author-Master. An insight into emphasis on its value as a system of training,
and sport.
this violent yet restrained art in coordinating the body with the mind. 200
144 pages with over 700 photographs. 10 pages pages with 500 black and white
in color. 8*4 x 11 $6.50 photographs. 6*4 x 9*4 $5.50

KARATE — The Art of "Empty Hand" Fighting SECRETS OF CHINESE KARATE

by H. Nishiyama and R. Brown by E. Parker
A complete and fully illustrated manual giving S.c ft i of A leading Karate instructor reveals the amaz-
step-by-step instructions and thorough analysis ing techniques as developed and practiced by
Chii 1PQP
1COC
of all the basic movement and techniques. the Chinese. 239 pages, complete with
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plaining over 70 movements and techniques.
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KENPO KARATE by E. Parker
This is an earlier book written by E. Parker,
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Approx. 6" x 9" $6.00

THIS IS KARATE SECRET FIGHTING ARTS OF THE WORLD

by M. Oyama by Gilbey $3.75
Coming soon! New book written by the author of "What is Karate?"
Approx. 320 pages with more than 4000 photos in Black and White. PRACTICAL KARATE, FUNDAMENTALS
Expected in June 1964 Tentative $13.50 by Nakayama and F. Draeger $2.95

THE SPORT OF JUDO THE TECHNIQUES OF JUDO

by K. Kobayashi and H. E. Sharp by S. Takagaki and H. E. Sharp
Highly praised by the Kodokan of Japan. A fully illustrated and authoritative manual
Complete with 104 pages with more than giving step by step explanations, practical
350 photographs giving step by step Judo pointers, and thorough anaylsis of all the most
instructions. 8x11% $2.95 commonly used techniques or wazas of Judo.
143 pages with more than 550
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KODOKAN JUDO —A GUIDE TO PROFICIENCY

edited by Y. Matsumoto, T. Kawamura, A COMPLETE GUIDE TO JUDO
T. Daigo and Y. Ozawa JUDO by R. W. Smith
Introductory course Judo for the beginner
in
and novice. Emphasis in the Arts of Throwing JUDO An anthology containing some of the long-out-
of-print writings of the 19th and 20th Century.
and the Arts of Grappling and Holding. 150 This volume also contains articles on the
pages with 700 photos. 6*4 x 8*4 $3.25 cognate Arts of Aikido and Karate. 69 plates
including illustrations of technical sequences.
6 x 8*4 $3.95

THE MECHANICS OF JUDO CANON OF JUDO

by R. G. Blanchard $3.75 by K. Mifune
The author, the forest most authority of Judo in Japan, tells of the
keys to mastery of Judo's technique, form and secret principles,
THE SECRETS OF JUDO written for the laymen and the initiated. 250 pages with 1000 photos.
by J. Watanabe and L. Avakian 7*4 x 10*4 $11.00
A fully illustrated text book featuring full explanations of the
dynamics involved in performing the various
scientific principles of
major wazas. Over 250 photographs and drawings. $3.95

AIKIDO WHAT IS AIKIDO?

by K. Tohei by K. Tohei
One of the earliest books on Aikido explaining The author of "Aikido" introduces another book to further explain the
and instructing the Art which was kept secret eternal truths that forms the basis of this Art. 112 pp. with over
from the public and taught only to the Nobility 70 illustrations. 6*4x8*4 $2.95
Class of Japan. Introduced in the United States
after World War II. 174 pp. with 177 text-photos
JUDO AND AIKIDO
and 35 full page photos in black and white. by K. Tomiki
7*4xl0'/4 $7.95 The fundamental principals and techniques of Judo and Aikido are
explained in detail by an expert. 196 pp., with 274 photos.
7*4 x 5V* $3.00
 THE HANDBOOK OF JUDO
-ihk n*N-nnuuK ok by G. LeBell and L Coughran

J LI
.

This book is as valuable for the finalist as

ILLUSTRATED for the beginner. It is a summary of the
favorite holds and throws of a national
champion, organized by topic into a practical

ILLUSTRATED KOOOKAN JUDO

edited by Kodokan
JUDO^ Judo text. Written by a national AAU judo
champion, Gene LeBell, and by the chairman
of judo for the Southern Pacific Association
of the AAU, L. C. Coughran, it presents in
The present work will, not only serve as a
easy-to-follow text, illustrated with more than

3 %1
guide to the novice and advanced students of
Judo, but will also serve as a source of
380 photographs, those techniques which
these winners have found to work best in
information to those Judo Instructors who
actual competition.It includes the many
desire to take a comprehensive look at the
variationsand special holds which Gene LeBell
formulation of the Kodokan Judo in a
has learned along the tournament trail.
systematic way. 304 pages, 7" x 10",
186 pages, 5" x 8", 380 photos $3.95
1000 photos $14.00
Paperback version of same book $1.00

A GUIOE TO
JUDO TRAINING METHODS
IUDO by T. Ishikawa and D. Draeger
J TRAINING Includes training methods and over 200
Quel* ^ J
METHODS
A Jour ..book
exercises and how they should be performed.
Contains lucid discussions and illustrations of
A GUIDE TO JUDO Dojo facilities and etiquette, the Judo contest,
Grappling Techniques by T. Ohashi and promotion requirements, daily training
One books in English explaining
of the first routines, and sensible weight training for Judo.
the techniques of grappling. "An advanced, A valuable addition to the library of any
highly technical guide on grappling on the trainer or athlete interested in conditioning
floor, rather than spectacular throwing. forany sport Discusses how to lose or gain
Author, an M.D., gives expert explanations weight sensibly through exercise.
from medical and anatomical points of view." 326 pages, 7'/4 " x 10>/2 " Approximately,
125 pages, 5" x V/i". 84 illus. $2.50 1000 photos $8.50

JUDO PEN SET

Judo statue (approx. 4 /2 " high) with a pen holder and a
1

metal plate for name, etc., mounted on a wooden base.

Statue available in a gold or silver finish. Wooden base avail-
able in walnut or silver black fox finish $6.95 ea.

KARATE PEN SET

Karate statue (approx. 4'/2 " high) with a pen holder and a
metal plate for name, etc., mounted on a wooden base.
Statue available in gold or silver finish. Wooden base available
in walnut or silver black fox finish $6.95 ea.

JUDO AND KARATE UNIFORM BAGS

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Size: Judo Bag—JSB16 (Suits to Med.) $3.50

JSB18 (Suits to X-large) $4.50
Karate Bag— KSB16 (All sizes) $3.50
Please add 10 Federal tax

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 EDITORIAL

ARE WE PREJUDICED? here is only recent. But within this short span
Since the publication of Black Belt Magazine, there are at least six different types of Karate (or
we have been witnessing a tremendous growth in the arts similar in nature) . Kempo, Gung Fu, Oki-
. .

Oriental's self-defense sports and arts . . . growth in nawa Te, Kong So, etc. To organize all these schools
the number of participants, expansion of the vari- into one great unit seems impossible because all of
ous organizations, more publicity, and bigger and them have their own standard katas (forms). But
more tournaments held. Kendo, once a well-known it can be done. In Hawaii there are just as many
art in U.S., is attempting a comeback, Jujutsu, al- types of Karate, but all of them are affiliated un-
most extinct after the War, is trying to re-establish. der one controlling body, called the Hawaii Karate
Aikido, newest and least known, is slowly gaining Congress. We hope someday this Congress can be
recognition. Judo, the major self-defense sport, did expanded to include every Karate organization in
receive an impetus when it was initiated into the the U.S.
1964 Olympic. But its failure to be reinstataed in We feel that Karate has enjoyed a phenomenal
1968 may affect its expansion, especially among growth in U.S. because of the leaders behind the
the high schools and colleges. Karate, the most art. We find them more aggressive, more coopera-
spectacular art to the American, is on a 'blistering tive, and more understanding. Many criticize Black
pace' to catch-up to Judo. Belt for favoring Karate or for favoring one or-
What's the reason for Karate's phenomenal ganization over the others. They complain that we
growth? Is it easier to learn? Is it better organized? have published more Karate articles than the other
We do not think that Karate is easier to learn. arts.

But we do realize its similarity to boxing than any The staff of Black Belt attempts to be impartial
other art. To learn Karate one must put just as and attempts to give equal coverage to all the arts.

much efforts as the others. Each kick or punch But sometimes this is impossible. A large number
must be practiced over and over again to develop of our articles published in the past is submitted
accuracy, speed, and power. Many beginners give by free-lance writers. More than one-half was on
up because they cannot keep up with the physical Karate.
conditioning exercises. We of Black Belt will continue to carry-on its

We believe that the Karate organizations in U.S. unbiased policy. And we hope to hear less com-
are the least organized. Although the art is con- plaints and more cooperation from all the organi-

sidered to be one of the oldest, its introduction zations.

4
publisher, M. UYEHARA
GEORGE ASAWA

BLACK BELT
editor,
MANAGING EDITOR, LOU KIMZEY
PRODUCTION MANAGER, BOB KIMZEY
FAR EAST EDITOR,
DR. GORDAN WARNER
EAST COAST EDITOR, ROBERT WELLS
ASSOCIATE EDITORS, BILL EVANS.
DR. WILLIAM C. C. HU
DICK DIMON, DR. P. J. RASCH VOLUME TWO NUMBER TWO
TECHNICAL ADVISORS,
TOKUJI HIRATA, TORAO MORI,
HIDETAKA NISHIYAMA,
EDMUND PARKER, H. E. SHARP,
ISAO TAKAHASHI,
KOICHI TOHEI, BEN TSUJI
AIR FORCE LIAISON OFFICER,
MAJORJOHN GREGORY
ADVERTISING DIRECTOR,
EDMUND JUNG
PHOTOGRAPHY, RALPH POOLE
ART DIRECTOR, HIDEO SEI
CARTOON EDITOR, D. F. ENSLOW CONTENTS
CONTRIBUTING CARTOONIST,
BILL PICKWELL
. . . . 0
Kendo: The Art of Japanese Fencing. . .... 8
....14
2nd East Coast Karate Tournament . . . .18

CAPOEIRA, Brazilians Karate . . . .22

Promotion List ...25
Dojo Bulletin Board ....26
Aikido- Basic Techniques ....30
TANO SOO DO at March AFB . ...32
Black Belt is published bi-monthly by
the Black Belt, Inc., 1288 So. La Brea
How To Enjoy A Samurai Movie ....37
Aye., Los Angeles 19, California. Ap- Meditation Tn Atkido
plication to mail at second class rates
. . ..41
pending at Los Angeles, California and
at additional mailing offices. Copyright How To Do It: Karate . . . .44
1963 by Black Belt, Inc. Subscription
Rates: $3.00 for six issues in the Fencing Masters Of Japan . . . .46
United States. $6.00 for six issues in
all foreign countries. Single copy price Tournament Results ....49
$.50. The publishers and editors will
not be responsible for unsolicited ma- North American Judo ....50
terial.Manuscripts and photographs to
be accompanied by a stamped, self- Rlack Belt Directory ....55
addressed return envelope.
Printed in U.S.A.
Book Of The Month ....56
CHANGE OF ADDRESS — Send old Black Belt Roundtable ....57
address as well as new address (60
days before moving to get continuous 18 Martial Arts Of Japan 60
service) to:
Black Belt, Inc.
1288 So. La Brea Ave.
Los Angeles 19, California
Do not depend on the post office to
forward magazines; they are not for-
warded unless you pay extra postage.

5
 LETTERS TO THE
CHARACTER SOUDIFIERS TOO WONDERFUL TO MISS A DISAPPOINTED JUDOIST
Dear Sirs: I am a 14 year old student of I am disappointed in black BELT.
enjoy your magazine very much.
I Shotokan Karate, and in adolescence, There should be more issues avail-
It has helped me keep in touch with I find the art an inspire of confidence able and on time.
Judo, even though our Muskogee- and poise. It could be due to my I am 18 years old, a 2nd Class
YMCA Judo Club has been discon- youth, (but I really should give more (Nikyu) Brown Belt in Judo and
tinued. credit to the art itself) but I find in the best of health. I am mention-

I amvery deeply interested in myself soaking up all of the infor- ing this because ever go to Cali-
if I
Judo, Aikido and Karate, not only as mation and news about Karate that fornia, I will engage
all the editors
weapons, but also as "character so- is available to me. Then I discovered and your technical advisors in a
lidifies". I was very pleased with the your magazine. My greatest interest free-for-all randori or else make you
inner quietude and self confidence I remains Karate, but you made such fellows write at least more issues.
acquired during my brief exposure. an all-around wonderful magazine Morton Goldstein
I do not think another club will that I now read about all the martial Mt. Vernon, N.Y.
be established here in Muskogee, so arts with great interest. I save all (Who-o-a-a, Morton. With all that
I am asking you for information of the "Black Belts" that I have energy you'll probably make 10th
about dojos sponsored by colleges. I bought. Suddenly "Black Belts" Degree. We are remedying our short-
have decided not to enter a college ceased to circulate in my area I kept comings. Thank you for your pa-
unless it does have a dojo. Do you thinking that it was only a momen- tiences. We hope to make black belt
have a list (or know where I might tary lapse in production. Then my one of top magazine in the field of
find one) of colleges in the midwest instructor tells me that he got it in martial arts with our subscribers'
which sponsor Judo programs? the mail. I thought of all the things help. Ed.)
Thank you, that I had missed, (tournament * * *
Gene Ray news, articles, good grief!) and I
Muskogee, Oklahoma would have kicked myself if it was
(Judo tournaments among colleges possible. Before another day passed
are on the increase, black belt has I sent the subscription money. ($3.00
A JUDOIST NEED MONEY
covered such meets in past issues. enclosed) I've learned my lesson,
FOR A MOVIE
Kansas State University at Manhat- and now I'm sitting on pins and
tan is but one of the many schools needles, waiting for the magazine to
Your writer is a student of Judo

to have a strong Judo club. It is arrive. Your magazine is too wonder-

and also has a full working knowl-
recommended that after a college is ful to be missed for one issue. Keep edge of motion picture production.
I am interested in producing a mo-
selected, an inquiry be forwarded to up the terrific work!
Physical Ed Dept. Ed.) tion picture feature film for theatre
its David Applewhite
# * * release. The theme of which will
Brooklyn, N.Y.
* •» * involve Judo along with Christian
emphasis.
A LUCKY HUBBY The reason for this letter is to ask
We purchased one copy of your if you would publish this letter in
magazine black belt and since then
A WARM RESPONSE FROM hope that it will bring me in contact
have been unable to obtain anymore A SHERIFF with someone of large means, such
anywhere in Fairbanks, Alaska. I would like to offer the thanks of as a Philantropist, who will sponsor
My husband is a 1st Degree (Sho- the entire Sheriff's Department for the film. Locals in my city would
dan), and it would give me great your excellent article, "Watchdog make some investments. One Hun-
pleasure to send this to him as a for a Giant," in the current issue of dred Thousand Dollars ($100,000)
surprise (tho' we live in the same Black Belt Magazine. would be needed from the sponsor
house). It's so hard to keep a nice I enjoyed the article tremendously. and the movie company. This is not
secret from such a wonderful person. So often stories about organizations a stock offering and could not be
Our 14 year old son is just beginning such as ours tend to be extracts of under Federal Laws and Regulations.
and as soon as our new baby is a statistical data, lacking interest and However, if there be a Philantropist
few mo's old I shall start my train- punch. But your fresh and stimulat- who could consider this loan, I will
ing also. ing approach gave it interest and be glad to supply full details. There
Please let me know-airmail if you impact. is chance of very good profit from

are printing your magazine still, and My kindest regards and every best the picture but, of course, the mo-
if so I will send a check for 1 year wish for continued success. tion picture industry does involve
with my husband's name, etc. Peter J. Pitchess great deal of speculation.
Mrs. Clarence H. Boyesson Sheriff C. Kennon Robertson
Alaska Los Angeles 12, Calif. Spartanburg, S.C.

6
EDITORS LOOKING FOR ACTION?

CINDER BLOCK POUNDERS

Please send me the first issue of
black belt Magazine for which I

enclose $1.00. Since you are out of

issue number two, could you please
send me the editorial from that
issue?
In the book "Zen Combat," by Jay
Gluck, there is a statement that says,
"Pounding the fist against a cinder
block for 'toughening' is not karate
and is denounced by Oriental Karate
masters." Is this true?
Would it be possible to get the
autographs of all the judo-kas and
karate-kas on your staff such as
Hidetaka Nishiyama, Ed Parker, H.
E. Sharp, etc. ? I am collecting auto-
graphs of all the famous judo-kas
and karate-kas. I would appreciate
this favor very much.
You have a truly great magazine
and I hope you keep up the good
work.

BLACK BELT
A faithful reader,
Larry Bombardier
Albany 10, New York
(There are many styles of Karate;
therefore different methods of train-
ing. Many styles resort to various MAGAZINE
means to toughen their hands, e.g.,
pounding a punching board, into a
bucket of sand or pebbles, or a cinder
block. There are styles or schools
IS WHERE YOU'LL FIND IT!
that deplore such training practices;
they do very little toward toughen-
SUBSCRIPTION RATES
ing hands. Ed.)
* * •»

I YEAR 2 YEARS 3 YEARS

MORE ON OKAZAKI U.S. $3.00 $ 5.50 $8.00
CANADA $4.00 $ 7.50 $11.00
I was reading in the summer issue FOREIGN $6.00 $11.00 $16.00
of BLACK BELT where Henry Okazaki
defeated a heavyweight boxer, K. 0.
Morris, who said that he had de-
feated all Judo and Ju-Jitsu experts.
CLIP HANDY COUPON AND MAIL TODAY TO:
I also read in "The King Wrestling"
where Sam McVey defeated a champ BLACK BELT SUBSCRIPTIONS
by the name of Tano Matsuda in 10 1288 South La Brea Ave.
seconds. Also that Packy O'Gatty
.
Los Angeles, California 90019
defeated Shimakada, a Judo expert,
who outweighed him by 75 pounds NAME .

in four seconds. Does all of this ADDRESS

prove that boxing is superior to CITY -STATE-

Judo? How about a story comparing I would like my subscription to start

the two? I'm sure many of the read-
Volume. Number
ers would enjoy such a story.
Lawrence Nance
Detroit, Mich.
L _l

Continued on Page 54

Copyrighted material
by Dr. Gordan Warner

Dr. Gordon Warner, Professor of Education, Long

Beach State College and Western Consultant for
the Tanaka Educational Research Institute, Tokyo,
Japan, has just returned from a year's sabbatical
leave in Japan. Aretired Lt. Col. of the Marines,
he was awarded the Navy Cross for heroism in
WW II and raised the first American flag on the
Island of Bougainville, Solomon Islands.
Dr. Warner began his study of the martial arts
when he entered the Kodansha Publishing Com-
pany Do jo in Tokyo in 1937. Master Moriji Mo-
chida, 10th Degree (Judan), was the head of the
dojo and is presently the National Treasurer of
Japan.
Dr. Warner, who joined our staff as one of the 1st
editors of theblack belt, is the highest ranking
non-Japanese in Kendo receiving his 6th Degree
(Rokudan) during the 1962 All-Japan Kendo Fed-
eration Annual examination in Fukuoka City, Kyu-
shu, Japan. He also holds a 3rd Degree (Sandan)
in Iai (Yamato Ryu) and he has taken his exami-
nation in Eishin Hasegawa Ryu.

KENDO:
THE ART OF
JAPANESE
FENCING
Inside the old Kodokan, Tokyo (Judo Hqs.) where in- Sunday morning training sessions. Kendoist (I) has
structors from various dojos used to meet for early assumed a Left Stance (Hidari JodanJ as he advances.

From a way of violence and a need for self-

preservation .the way of the sword
. . . .

developed a code of ethics which was to

have a profound influence upon an entire
nation.

The long wait was swiftly approaching its cli-

max. Both swordsmen, unafraid, knew that the
inevitable end was near.
They had fought long and savagely. The sands of
Ganryuzima showed evidence of this great struggle.
The swordsmen had fought mustering all their skill
and every tactics acquired through years of self-
denial and hard training. The lives of men who had
fallen before their swords had paved a bloody path
for this last and fateful encounter.
A slight chilling breeze blowing in from the
Strait of Kanmon went unnoticed as perspiration
dampened the foreheads of both men.
At the water's edge the boatman who had fer-
ried Musashi Miyamoto to this lonely island ner-
vously awaited the outcome. Little did he realize
that he was to witness one of the greatest display
of swordsmanship in the history of Japan. While
on a knoll overlooking the beach Kojiro Sasaki's
lord and retainers grimly waited and watched the
duel. A mortal duel to determine who was the
greatest swordsman of Japan.
As Musashi raised his bokken (wooden sword)
which he had fashioned out of an oar, Kojiro saw
his opening. With a smile of confidence he lowered
his sword for his famed "Tsubamegaeshi" (the
Swallow Stroke) from which there was no escape.
Kojiro's sword flashed with blinding speed. Mu-
sashi leaped to unbelievable height and landed with
two swords extended in the Niten Style. A smile
flickered across the face of Kojiro as he saw the

9
Copyrighted materia
 severed headband and blood oozing from Musashi's
forehead.
Both swordsmen stood, immovable, facing one
another as if suspended in time and space for a
brief period of immortality. The smile frozed on
Kojiro's face as he slowly pitched forward upon
the disturbed sands.
The way of the sword, Kendo, has its origin
embedded in the antiquities of Japanese history.
The weapon of survival with its multitudes of
styles as perfected by the Japanese samurai (war-
riors) such as Musashi and Kojiro has left its
impact and evolved into one of the most interesting
and fastest action sports in modern times. The
word "Kendo" when written in Kanji (Chinese
form of writing adopted by the Japanese in the
5th Century) is made up of two ideograms:
(ken, meaning the sword) and (do, the way
or philosophy).
Most Japanese historians are in agreement on
many aspects of Kendo as contained in the Kojiki
(Stories of Ancient Japan) which covers the period
of Japanese history from mythological ages to the
reign of Emperor Suiko (593-628) and in Nihon-
shoki (720 A.D.) pertaining to period up to the
reign of Emperor Jito (686-697). It is generally
conceded that Iyenao Yamashironokame Iishino
(known later as Choisai Iishino) opened one of the
first schools of fencing. It was called the Shinto
Ryu.
The development of Kendo from a crude form
of combat began some 1600 years ago. The use of
a solid wooden sword (bokken) and the establish-
ment of the art of Tachikaki (the attack or the
drawing' of sword technique) is recorded about
400 A.D. Kendo developed to one of individual art
of swordsmanship during the Taika Restoration
(646 A.D.) This form continued until the later
part of the Heian Period (794 to 1191 A.D.).
\ In order to comprehend the evolution of Kendo,
Kendo kata irith a bakkrn «* demonxtrttted by Master one must study the rise to power of the samurai,
Shotaro Xemoto, Hthe Drgnr iHachidan) in Kendo the warrior-knights of Japan. The rise of the
and lai. Use of Hitch mnpvfi duriny training reunited
samurai class in 1067 A.D. herald the beginning
in many casualties among students; this led to the
development of the shinai.
of various styles or schools (ryu's) in sword tech-
niques.
Before the Heian Period the samurai wore his
sword suspended from sash-like belt (obi) by two
strings with the cutting edge of the blade toward
the ground. However, at the turn of the 10th cen-
tury the long sword was worn on the left side by
tucking it through the obi with the cutting edge
upward. This facilitated a "quick draw" in which
the sword was withdrawn with cutting edge toward
the enemy with minimum effort. It was not until
later that a short sword was worn tucked in the
obi with the long sword.
During the Nara Era (650-793 A.D.) Tachikaki
was replaced by a new form of combat, the
Students lined up for ealisthi nirs brforr training ses- Tachiuchi (duel). This form was comparable to
sions. Note the head toircls d raped over protective the European combat-of-arms. The various styles
equipment and fencing shinai lined in the foreground. of fencing underwent a slow transition for many

10
iterial
years but began to exert itself during the latter
part of the Heian Era to the Kamakura Period
(1192 to 1336 A.D.)
The rise of the samurai into the Japanese his-
torical picture developed slowly; it began soon
after the capitol was moved from Nara to Kyoto
(794 A.D.). As the defects in the system of the
centralized government began to assert themselves,
discords with the rural administration began to
plague the central authorities. As the land owners
in rural communities were forced to maintain
armed forces to insure the safety of their posses-
sions, the groundwork for the entrance of the
samurai was laid.
The samurai, who arose from families of influen-
tialpersons, local chieftians, or servants of govern-
.4 defense against a blow to the MEN (head). This
ment officials or nobles, began to exert a greater early morning practice is being conducted on the shore
influence in the rural estates of the noblemen. The of Shimoda Bay. It a-as here that the 1st American
aristocrats now enjoying the peace and ease of envoy to Japan, Toirnnend Harris, landed.
metropolitan life in Kyoto, the new capitol, were
indifferent and failed to remedy this dangerous
trend. The class who was to gain power in the fol-
lowing periods arose from those who had served
the aristocracy during the peaceful Nara and Heian
periods . the samurai.
. .

However, it was during this transition that the

art of Kendo developed. Opportunities offered to
master swordsman spurred samurai to seek skillful
Kendo teachers in order to perfect their fencing or
sword techniques. As a master swordsman a samu-
rai could set up a fencing school subsidized by a
lord of a clan.
For the next 200 years and until the Ashikaga
Era (1337 - 1573 A.D.) the art of fencing under-
went very little change. However, during Ashikaga
Era many fencing schools flourished and the popu-
larity of Kendo was, again, on the rise. Fencing
schools (dojos) founded by exceptionally strong
and skillful swordsmen produced various styles of Attack points are scored daring a match between the
Kendo. The most famous of these were the fencing visting masters from Japan.
schools of Nagahide Chujo (1380), Bunguro Hu-
kida (1437), Choisai Iizasa (1488) and In-Ei
(1521), a renown spearman as well as a swords-
man.
During practices zealous students with desire to
display their skill before his teacher would be
carried away with such enthusiasm that he would
challenge anyone in the gym. Such actions often
led to serious injuries and in some cases death.
. . .

Contests where contacts were made, i.e., with a

wooden sword (bokken), etc., distressed the famed
Iko Aisu (1452-1538 A.D.). During his meditations
atUdo Shrine in Miyazaki Prefecture, the inspired
Aisu devised a new method of defense techniques.
His school, established in 1488 and called the Aisu-
Kuge School of Swordsmanship, was to have a
profound influence on the Yagyu Clan, the most
distinguished swordsmen of the later years.
During the later part of the Ashikaga Era, Age is not a deterrent to part iripation in Kendo. The

Kendo as a martial art stagnated. However, during boy above practices with his instructor at this Uuion#•<

this period Kata-kenjitsu (where two fencers faced dojo in Prefecture of Mito, Japan.

11
Copyrighted material
 TSUKA TSUBA TSURU NAKAU\ 5AK\GAWA
I
1

Shinai (fencing stave made of bamboo strips)

one another and practiced with a wooden sword)

was developed. Stress was placed upon form and
motion personal contact was restricted. The Kata-
;

kenjitsu techniques required skill and the master-

ing of many movements with little thought given
to realistic value of contact.
The interest in action and actual contact with
wooden sword was renewed during the Nobunaga
(1568-1582 A.D.) and the Hideyoshi (1582-1598
A.D.) periods. This, again, resulted in serious in-
juries and even deaths to the participants during
Tare (waist band) practice sessions.
In order to minimize serious injuries among
fencers during practice matches, Chuzo Nakanishi
(1750) of Edo (as Tokyo was called in ancient
times) invented a stave (shinai) made with four
sections of bamboo. Each section was fitted so all
dangerous edges and splinters were eliminated.
This original shinai was to undergo very little
change and is basically similar to the fencing shinai
of today.
Even with the introduction of this shinai, Naka-
nishi required all students to wear protective equip-
ment. Rules and regulation on fencing etiquette
were established. The style of Kata-kenjitsu was
replaced by Kenjutsu or Kengaki (sword action).
The fencing skirt (hakama) and a heavy jacket
Do ( chest armor) Kote (Wrist guard or gauntlet) (kekogei) was adopted as the standard wearing
apparel. The first protective equipment to be worn
outside of the hakama was the waist band (tare)
which fits snugly around the waist to protect the
hips from any blow which might miss the center
protective armor. The tare has five pendants hang-
ing down about 12 inches in length.
Next the chest armor (do . pronounced as
. .

dough) was worn for the protection of the chest.

The do was held in place by crossing the cords at
the back and tying ends to the loops on each side
of the armor at the front. A cord at the base of the
do prevents the armor from sliding forward.
Later the face and head protector (men) was
devised so that additional action could be added to
Kendo. Before a fencer places the men on his head
he generally wraps a towel over his head to prevent
perspiration from running into his eyes.
The next protective equipment developed was the
wrist guard (Kote). A decisive blow was considered
to be to the right wrist since the right hand holds
the sword. The kote with its padded cotton rein-
forcing was designed to protect the joints against
the powerful blows struck at the wrist.
After a kendoist has secured his equipment he
The Main Attack Points of Kendo

12
must stand, place his shinai in his left hand and
bow as he enters the training gym. If there is an
opponent who wish to fence with him, both must
face the head instructor and present themselves
with a slight bow. When both participants are
ready, they must face each other, acknowledging
with another slight bow. They must take six steps
directly toward each other, then together in unison,
slowly lower to a squatting position while drawing
the fencing shinai in front. When the contestants
rise together or at a command, the match is on.
This procedure must be repeated after each prac-
tice session and as in ancient times, it is still a
standard procedure practiced in the fencing schools
throughout the world.
Various point systems were developed for the
sport of Kendo; they are as follows: Kote (wrist),
Men (Migi-Men, right side of head; Men, top of
head; and Hidari-Men, left side of head), Do
(waist), and the Tsuki (throat). Each strike or
cut must be called out at the same time that they
are made. In other words, as the kendoist strikes
the opponent, he must instantaneously call out the
point as he hits. This not only developes the physi-
cal but full mental coordination.
The ready stance (Kamae) is extremely im-
portant to master in Kendo. It is from this basic
position that all movements originate. When the
Kamae of a kendoist is so perfect, it is almost im-
possible to find an opening. There are instances
when a match of three points ends without a point
being scored because of the skill of an opponent.
Chudan Kamae, one of the basic position or
stance, must be mastered first. Foot work is vital
in Kendo. The right foot is always forward with
the left foot in a heel-up propelling position. The
right foot and the right hand always lead together.
The stave (shinai) is held by the right hand at
a point one to two inches from the guard (tsuba)
The left hand firmly grasps the end of the shinai
(Continued on page 64)

Kendoist with his fencing shinai and protective equip-

ment; the equipment is worn over the hakama (shirt)
and Kekogei (jacket). The head toivel lying in the
foreground is wrapped around the forehead before the
head protector is worn.

Copyrighted material
 CO

'A

"It's Amazing The Effect Judo Has Both Physically and Psychologically . .

Genera/ Curtis E. LeMay

At March Air Force Base, S Sgt. Leonard M. Shull has The AAU has ratings. The present holders of the AAU
taken unusual interest in the junior group. He received his heavyweight and I60# championships are in Fifteenth
instructor training in Japan in 1959 and I960. He is Air Force. Heavyweight champion (past three years) is

Fifteenth Air Force champion in the 1

60$ division. He S/Sgt. George Harris, 5th Bomb Wing, Travis AFB, Calif.
holds classes weekly with some 20 boys, ages 8 to 15, sons The I60# AAU Champion (past two years) is Toshiyuki
of military personnel stationed at March. Shulls boys are Seino, A./2C at Davis-Monthan AFB in Arizona.
undefeated in Southern California competition in the past Judo is emphasized now by the USAF, which supports
three years. October 7 at Riverside, the team defeated competition, through USAF Judo Association located at
Riverside in seven out of nine events. Offutt AFB, Nebr.
SAC regularly sends personnel to Tokyo for instructor Participants are encouraged to affiliate with the US
training. Following SAC's lead, the art of Judo greatly monitoring group styled Nanka Judo Association in Los
expanded in the United States as a competitive sport. Angeles. Through supervision they insure that only certified
SAC and other military organizations hold annual compe- instructors using proper facilities are listed. The sport thus
titions. watches out for safety and proper development of skills.

14
 X

Doing like their daddies do, Scott Brown (on top) and Typical group of Junior Judo pupils of SSgt. Leonard
Bryan Emert compete in the Junior Judo Competition M. Shull at March Air Force Base, Calif oi-nia. (I to r,
held at Barksdale AFB, La., last July. One of the by- standing) Mike Paluzzill, David Harris 13, Mike Soccio
products of SAC's Judo expansion has been the partici- 14, Jim Weatherall 15, SSgt. Skull, instructor, Bob
pation of dependents, regardless of age or sex, in this Johnson 14, Lawrence Cole 13, Larry Bryan 12, Allen
healthy sport. Freeman 13. (I to r, kneeling rear row) Jay Kaseman
12, Lance Lewis 9, John Bouiey Jr. 10, James Gallagher
Jr. 0, Robert Babcock 8. (I to r, kneeling front row) Jeff
Kaseman 12, Tim Kaseman 8, John Riddle 8. (Note:
Jay and Jeff Kaseman are twins).

Junior judoists at MacDill AFB, Fla., demonstrate

Ukemi for their "civilian" buddies from Orlando, Fla.
The youngsters, all dependents of SAC airmen, are
taught the basic techniques of the sport by base Judo
experts during evening classes.

commenting on the importance of the marital

In During practice by Junior Judo pupils
at March Air
Force Base, 8-year old Tim Kaseman throws 15-year
arts,Gen. LeMay said:
old Jim Weatherall.
"ThisJudo idea started out in my SAC days
when we found the crews needed something to
unwind them after 36 tense hours of flying.
"So introduced Judo as a relaxer. I've got a
I

Back Belt, but I think it's mostly honorary. I

wouldn't like to tangle with a real Black Belter.

"It's amazing the effect Judo has both physi-
cally and psychologically. It's a tremendous builder
of self-confidence. And you can get just as much
exercise as you want."
HOW TO DO IT;

JUDO
Okuri Ashi Harai ( Follow Foot Sweep)

Fig. 3. After your opponent has stepped side-

ways with his left foot, he's natural reaction is
to step likewise with his right foot. At this
point you must sweep his right foot towards
his left, sweeping both feet from under him.
Simultaneously pull his right elbow in and lift
his right shoulder up.

Fig. L Hold opponent's gi near his right elbow

with your left hand. With your right hand grab
opponent's lapel by his left shoulder.

Fig. 2. As opponent steps sideways with his Fig. 4. As his feet leave the mat, turn his body
left foot, you follow suit with your right foot. likea large wheel with your arms.
 HOW TO DO IT:

O Soto Gari (Major Outer Reap)

Fig. 1. Drag your left foot close and slightly

to the outside of the opponent's right foot and
keep your knee slightly bended. Break his pos-
ture by pulling his right elbow downward and
toward you, and by pushing his neck with your
right arm.

Fig. 3. Throw him by sweeping his right leg

forward with the back of your right leg.

Fig. 4. As you sweep your leg, drive your

Fig. 2. As his posture is broken, move quickly head toward the mat and lift your leg up until
with your right hip and leg forward. you're in a straight line.

17
Copyrights*
The Former Weight-lifter Moved Through His Opponents
With Precision, But He Was Not Able To Mow Them Down.

2nd EAST COAST

KARATE
CHAMPIONSHIPS
By Bob Wells
Photography by John Gregory

More than 3,000 New Yorkers packed the The quality of the contestants' forms had
Manhattan Center on October 13th to see Black noticably improved since last year and the tech-
Belter Jules Paulin of the Philadelphia Karate nique they displayed was some of the best yet
Club retain his East Coast Karate champion- seen in this part of the country. The freestyle

ship. The 27-year-old Paulin, three-time Penn- fighting (Kumite) during the tournament was
sylvania State champ and last year's champion fastand agressive without becoming clumsy. The
of the All-America Karate Federation, will rep- referees and judges were hard to please, and
resent the east coast at the Ail-American cham- when the points were scored they were clean and
pionship in San Francicso later this year. decisive.

The former weight-lifter moved through his The forms demonstrated in the kata competi-

oponents with precision, but he was not able to tion were in almost every case sharp, graceful
mow them down as he had when he won the and full of power. For the first time in this

East Coast title last year. The opposition was reporter's local experience, American Karate
tough and determined —
and too good — for men began to resemble the style and authority
anyone to breeze through to the top. of their Japanese counterparts.
Besides — was not revealed
it until after the The "villian" of the day, elected by the
tournament — Paulin had entered the competi- unanimous boos of the crowd, was Robert Mc-
tion with a local anesthetic numbing the pain Neill of the Philadelphia Karate Club. McNeill,
of a chronic slipped disc; however, as the semi- a massive bull of a Brown Belt, was surprisingly
final matches began the drug wore off. The fast and deceptive, but his style consisted of
champion with pain in his back fought the driving in against the opposition with his chest
toughest matches of the day with only a slight and pummeling with his heavy fists. Apparently
stiffness. his opponents were not used to Karate at such
The tournament had been widely advertised close range. In any case he played like he was
and the crowd was a regular big city sports wearing a suit of Kendo armor, and for a while
crowd rather than the customary small band he got away with it.

of afncionados. For many it was their first At one point Black Belt James Nye accidently
glimpse of Karate and they responded with en- connected with a punch to McNeill's jaw. There
thusiasm and pleasure. When Master Hidetaka was no score —
points were given only for "well-
Nishiyama from the west coast, and later Mas- focused" punches pulled short — but it left Mc-
ter Teruyuki Okazaki of the Philadelphia Ka- Neill a little stunned. When
head cleared
his
rate Club, demonstrated self-defense techniques he glowered at Nye and paced savagely, and
against knives and surprise attacks, the crowd when the word was given to resume he charged.
gave them wild, standing ovations, and kept up It looked for a while like one of those childish

the applause until they got encores. As Master losses of self control that have defaced other
Nishiyama performed his favorite kata, Unsu, Karate tournaments here, but apparently it was
and as Master Okazaki and Hiroshi Orito per- just psychological warfare. Nye, amused, gently
formed their favorite katas, the crowd "Aaahed" tapped McNeill's huge jaw to mock him. But
in appreciation and broke into spontaneous clap- McNeill won the match with a half-point, and
ping. Though many had never seeen anything Nye was no longer amused.
like them, they responded to the katas of the Black Belt Curt Blackwood of the New York
masters as things of beauty. Master Nishiyama Karate Club stalked his opponents throughout
in particular seemed surprised and affected by the afternoon with a rolling dip of the shoulder,
the clamorous applause for his self-defensedem- very much like the calypso dances of his native
onstration, and when he was finally prevailed on West Indies. The movement was effective; Black-
for an encore his kata was full of an intensity, wood fought his way into the final match against
a slow rhythm and a deadly grace that raised Paulin, and placed second in the kumite compe-
his martial "art" to a real art of expression. tition.

A demonstration of women Karate self-defense received

warm applause from the spectators. 19
Copyrighted material
 Black Belt Leslie Safar of Philadelphia also
showed outstanding technique. Small and quick,
he would play a waiting game, sizing up his
opponents, then finishing them with flurries of
apparently deadly accuracy. He scored one of
the more spectacular day against
points of the
the much Robert Shapoff. Shapoff played
taller

with a leading and after a few tries

left foot,

Safar knocked the foot out with a sweeping kick

to the ankle. Shapoff went down so hard and
so fast that Safar would have gotten a full point
and a round of applause in any Judo contest. He
was on top of the prostrate Shapoff with a series
of pile-driving punches to win the match.
There were two parallel sets of eliminations.
After Blackwood defeated Safar to become the
Red Team champion, Paulin and Bull McNeill
took the stage to settle the matter for the White.
This was the match the crowd was waiting for.

Could McNeill smash his way to the top? Could

the smaller champion stand up to him? Each
had his thousands cheering.
Unknown to the audience, though, McNeill
was Paulin's student. He knew the champion's
techniques, but apparently had found in prac-
tice that he couldn't bull his teacher down. He
played Paulin at a distance, and Paulin, realizing
the anesthetic in his back was wearing off, faced
him stiff and cautious.
The first match went to a three-minute draw.
The second was also indecisive until, near the The overall champion of the meet, Jules Paulin of the
Philadelphia Karate Club took 1st place in both kumite
end, Paulin scored a half-point with his favoirte
(sparring) and KATA (form) competition. He won the
technique, a left front kick up the middle. When same three trophies at last year's East Coast Champion-
time ran out Paulin was still a half point ahead
ships and went on to win the 1962 All-America Karate
Tournament at Los Angeles. Paulin is also three-time
and the judges gave him the match. Pennsylvania State Karate Champ.
In the final match the auditorium was tensely
silent as Paulin, standing straight, was stalked
round and round by the cat-like Blackwood. Un- the aggressive Blackwood fired a punch into the
like the other matches, this was to be decided solar plexus and evened the match one-all.
by two points. The two circled again, each alert, each watch-
Paulin struck first, with a front kick up the ing for the final point. As they passed the foot-
middle for a full point. Shortly afterward the lights at stage center they both attacked simul-
two clashed again, and as they broke Paulin taneously. In the vigorous exchange Paulin's left

tripped and fell awkwardly on his back. But foot ripped up again and referee
to the belly,
Blackwood was leaning to the rear and could Nishiyama called "Ippon!" Paulin, the cham-
not get in in time to take advantage. pion, had really earned his trophy, and the crowd
It began had already passed
to look like Paulin gave him a champion's ovation.
his toughest competitor in McNeill and had the Jules Paulin also took the kata trophy, win-
tournament in his pocket. But in a close exchange ning 42/2 points with a Bassai Dai kata. He

20
Copyrighted material
Some of the teams assembled for -pre -tournament ceremony.

Jules Paulin of the Philadelphia Karate Club receives

certificate and trophy from James McDonnell, President
of the Tournament, Vice-Chairman of the American
Wrestling Foundation and former Deputy Chief Inspec-
tor of the New York City Police Department.

Champions with their trophies. Jules Paulin ( c) of the

Philadelphia Karate Club placed 1st in both KATA
(form) and KUMITE (sparring) competitions to the
overall championship. Robert McNeill (I) of Phila-
delphia placed 3rd in KUMITE and was aicarded a Sony
transistor radio for his display of the best fighting
spirit of the day.Curt Blackwood (r) of the New York
Karate Club placed 2nd in KUMITE and 3rd in KATA
competitions. Not shown is Leslie Safar of Philadelphia,
Brown Belts Abner Smith (I) of the Philadelphia Karate 2nd in kata and 3rd place tie in kumite. Paulin also
Club and Fred Martinez in free sparring competitions. received a Konica camera for his overall victory.

went through the formal ,dance-like movements other contestants well ahead of him in rank.
with a grace and power not usually exhibited At tournament's end Paulin was awarded first-
by any but the higher-ranking Japanese. Leslie place trophies for kumite and kata competition,
Safar impressed the judges by picking the kata and the trophy and Konica camera for the over-
Hangetsu, one not on the program, and doing it all championship. Second and third place kata

with such authority that he was awarded 41 '/2 trophies went to Safar and Blackwood, and
points by the judges, who included Masters Blackwood took the second plate trophy for
Nishiyama, Okazaki and Arito. Curt Blackwood kumite. Safar and McNeill shared trophies for
took third with a 38/2 point Bassai Dai. James third place in kumite competition, and McNeill
Ambrose got 38 points with a Heian Ni-Dan was awarded a Sony transistor radio.
kata, and White Belt David Ost earned 37/2 The tournament was conducted under the
points with a Tekki Shodan, outpointing many rules and auspices of the Japan Karate Assoc.

21
Copyrighted material
 CAPOEIRA/
BRAZILIANS KARATE
The Players
would jump,
weave, gambol,
trip, and
kick their

opponents, then
avoid retaliation

by slithering

on the ground
ike serpents.

Demonstrating knowledge
of body leverage,
Master Pastinha
prepares to throw his
opponent off balance.

22
 by Master Pastinha

Some 400 years ago in Angola, on the west The Berimbau de barriga is the most usual
coast of Africa, aform of combat practiced type. It is formed by a piece of wood called
by the natives was beginning to take shape "the pigeon" which maintains tension in a
in what we would today call a martial art. steel wire. The resonator is a small gourd at-
Four centuries later, thanks to a mutual tached to the wire by a string. The wire pro-
tie with Portugal which Angola shares duces a sound which is modulated by a cop-
with Brazil, Capoeira is practiced in that per coin, while the mouth of the gourd is
South American nation. It is no longer the placed at varying distances from the abdo-
savage method of self-defense which origi- men of the player.
nated in the dark continent, however. And The Berimbau has many quivering vibra-
thereby hangs a tale. tions which are marvelously adapted to the
In the days of the great plantations, the reproduction in sound of the swaying of hips
owners took a dim view of the capability for and the feline jumping of the Capoeiristas.
mayhem which the natives possessed. Prac- Independently of this, it lends a melancholy
titioners of Capoeira suffered great perse- note to the singing of "Lundus" which ac-
cution at the hands of the owner-dominated company the movements of the game of Ca-
police. poeira.
In order to avoid this persecution, the Ca- According to Oneyda Alvarenga, the music
poeristas began to camouflage their "sport" of the Berimbau is a "force activating the
by turning it into a weird dance, consisting energies of two combatants, and in such man-
of pantomime, music, and dances. Capoeira ner the music ties itself to the game so that
ceased to be a matter of violence and death, the latter is entirely dependent upon it, and
and became an amusement. It became the is regulated by it." So, the ardor of the battle
custom to remark that "the natives are play- grows in accordance with the crescendo or
ing Angola style." ralentando of the music.
Even the plantation foremen would ap- The other instrument which accompanied
plaud the "performances" as the "players" the evolution of the Capoeira is the caxixi.
would jump, weave, gambol, trip, and kick It consists of a round bamboo basket with
their opponents, then avoid retaliation by dried seeds inside. The orifice is covered with
slithering on the ground like serpents. dried gourd skin. It acts as an accompani-
So in spite of early difficulties, Capoeira ment to the Berimbau. Each time the wire
caught on. Legendary names appeared — in- resounds, it is accompanied by the rattle of
vincible fighters, men with flesh impenetra- the dried seeds.
ble by knife or bullet men under contract to
; The third instrument which frequently ac-
the devil; men with charms against the most companies the game of Capoeira is the "reco-
powerful of enemies men who could liberate
; reco." It is a large segment of bamboo, in
themselves from any kind of a trap. which have been made innumerable lateral
INSTRUMENTS OF CAPOEIRA incisions for the escape of the air, which is
The Berimbau (a kind of jews harp) can caused to vibrate by a piece of cane which is
be divided into two types: The Berimbau de scraped across the incisions in the side of the
boca, and the Berimbau de barriga. The bamboo, thus producing the characteristic
Berimbau de boca was used by the old An- sounds.
golians, hence, it used to be said that it came we must consider the Pandeiro. It
Finally,
originally from Angola. This, however, is isa regional instrument, used not only to ac-
contested by some students of the subject. It company the Capoeira, but also to mark the
consists of a bow that tightens a cord of shaking rhythm of our sambas. Its shape is
"timbo" (a kirid of vine). The resonating well known — the circle of quince wood, the
chamber is the mouth of the player. The cord goatskin top, and the jingles of Flemish tin.
is made to vibrate by striking it with a knife. Certain societies of Capoeira use agogo.

23
Copyrighted material
 Cavalaria - A signal denouncing the
proximity of strangers
Angolinha
Samba de Angola
In view of what we tell, easy to under-
it is

stand the character of the game

of Capoeira.
At the sound of the music of Sao Bento Pe-
queno the combat is transfigured into the
clashing of the Samba.
The good masters of Capoeira, in order to
give a demonstration of singular ability in
this game, after blows and counterblows,
much whirling in the space left by the tangle
of arms and legs, end the battle without show-
An hit opponent drops to the floor to avoid hit attack,
ing a single spot or stain on their Sunday
Capoeira Master Vincente Ferreira Pastinha of Brazil clothes.
aims hick. Stylized maneuver is dance-like in its
The old masters, such as I, are capable of
execution.
similar feats. At my age, 74, I also perform
with my pupils. I would like to give exhibi-

TUNES OF THE BERIMBAU tions inany part of the world.

The Berimbau is used by the accompa-
As a Brazilian, I am proud of this friendly
country, which may wish to give me an op-
nists of the Capoeira to produce definite and
portunity to exhibit myself and my pupils
resolute tunes which modulate the rhythms
there, in order to show our American
of the game. The most important are the fol-
brothers the possibilities of a personal de-
lowing :

fense against an enemy — An adversary or

Sao Bento Grande - the light game
several adversaries, without the necessity of
Sao Bento Pequeno - Samba of the Capoeira
using firearms or knives.
Banquela - The Knife Game - lively,

animated On the contrary, the Capoeirista, meeting

Santa Maria - The Measured Game his adversary armed with a weapon, has the
Ave Maria - The Capoeira Hymn
possibility by means of the lightness and quick-
ness of Capoeira, to disarm his opponent by
Amazonas - The Middle Game
taking his weapon from him; or, if it is not
Iuna - The Creeping Game
possible to take the weapon, to vanquish him
by tripping and throwing the armed adver-
sary to the ground.
Even though the Capoeirista may be phys-
ically inferior to his opponent, a good Ca-
poeirista has no fear of him, be he of superior
physiquej be he a younger man, or be he
armed tooth and nail.
In case it may not be possible for me to
demonstrate Capoeira in America, I shall be
proud if your people may have an opportun-
ity to come to our land of Brazil — to live at
Salvador-Bahia — to know intimately this
game, this personal defense, which is the
From his defensive position, the 74-year-old Master
Capoeira, substituting well for any weapon,
Pastinha counterattacks. physical force, or age, for self-defense. Q
24
 This section is devoted entirely to promotion in
ranks of the various organizations throughout the
world. Any group or groups interested are requested
to submit all promotion lists, preferably with group
photos, properly identified with names and ranks, to:
Editor, Black Belt Magazine, 1288 S. La Brea, Los
Angeles 19, California.

PROMOTIONS
KENDO County; Hortiz Eamperio, Peter Alber of KARATE
San Diego; Richard Kenis, Kenneth Cool
1963 promotional meet of the Kendo America Karate Federation, Los An-
Federation of United States held Sept.
13, 1963 at the Pasadena Cultural Cen-
of Jundokan; Robert Kuroda, Jack Duger
of Seinan; Al Owens of Sendai; Sanford
All
geles, Calif. —
Oct. 6, 1963.
Otsuji of Venice; Charles Fuertch of Lake- Shodan (1st degree): Henry Kong.
ter Hall, 505 Cypress Ave., Pasadena, Sanyu (3rd kyu): Harry Kresse, Frank
wood; Sanford Remington of Gardena;
California. The meet was held in con- Smith, Malpezzi, David Tamashiro.
Jim Osborn of Long Beach Naval Sta- Bill
junction with the visit of the top ranking Yonkyu (4th kyu): Akira Kadowaki, Rei
tion; and Bill Wagner.
Kendo masters from Japan. Fujikawa.
The promotion was held for the rank
of 2nd Degree (Nidan) and up; they Renmei, San Gabriel, Calif. — Sept 28,
Gokyu (5th kyu): Elaine Shinagawa, Ben-
jamin Tabon, Lucine Martin, Bill White-
are as follows: 1963.
law, Robert Towns, James Fawcett, Mar-
2nd Degree (Nidan): Shugi Asari, Yorou- vin Takaki, James Alkaire, Walter Boberg,
ichi Asari, Dr. Vance Hall, G. Jones, Godan (5th degree): Gene LeBell, Kiy- Jim Graham.
Minoru Kusuya, Gene Stormer, Norito oshi Sakimoto, Kenzo Nakawatase.Tokuo Rokyu (6th kyu): Fred Zufryden, James
Takamoto. Ota. James Masatsugu, Elaine Ogawa,
Saiki,
3rd Degree (Sandan): Michiro Mura- Sandan (3rd degree): Ed Inouye, T. Nari- Vincent Hozier, Steve O'Reilly, Paul Jack-
kami, Tadashi Shima, Nobutsugu Tokuno. toku. son.
4th Degree (Yodan): Sumuo Kawashima, Nidan (2nd degree): Ben Smith, James Shichikyu (7th kyu): Gerhard Gohler,
Sado Kubo, Pat Morosaka. Wedner, Robert Fields. Shoichi Yamamoto, Hugh Mangum, Don-
5th Degree (Godan): Saburo Akuni, Gene Shodan (1st degree): Joe Vilota, Dennis ald Cass Jr., Rey Ochoa, Robert Ferrall,
Eto. Fukumoto, Walter David, Jim Sondese, Brian Matravers, David AM, John Saxon,
5th Degree (Godan), Ren-shi: Tokuji Ma- Bruce Brighton, J. Hagio. Fred Hudgins, Roger Duerrstein, Ralph
suda, Suichi Obata, Tadashi Onami, Ikkyu (1st kyu): Jack Wilson. Norris, Raymond Pineda, Tom Miya, Le-
Hiroji Kamimura, Sugio Kawaguchi. Nikyu (2nd kyu): Elliot Fukumoto. land Sapiro, John Boyer.
6th Degree (Rokudan), Ren-shi: Tadao
Amamiya, Hisashi Higuchi, Haruo Ka-
gawa, Hirouki Miyahara, Jiihi Soejima. AIKIDO
6th Degree (Rokudan), Kyo-shi: Akiyo
Hara, Yutaka Fukunaga, Keigo Miura, Tokyo Aiki-kai Headquarters, Camp Zama, Japan.
Masami Otsubo, Masaharu Shimoda,
Yoshinobu Takeguchi, Larry Iwao Yone-
moto, Dr. Gordan Warner.
7th Degree (Shichidan): Hiroji Miyahara,
Torataro Nakabara, Yutaka Kubota.
8th Degree (Hachidan), Han-shi: Torao
Mori.

JUDO
Yudanshakai (JBBF), Los Angeles, Cali-
fornia — Oct 12, 1963.
Sandan (3rd degree): Bob Hutchins, San
Diego.
Shodan (1st degree): Jun Shimoji of
Pasadena, Hiroshi Kuwabara of Sawtelle,
Terry Karmann of San Diego.
Ikkyu (1st kyu): T. Okimoto of Venice,
Ernie Imoto of San Fernando, Bill Jack-
son of ELA, Orrin Collier of San Diego.
Nikyu (2nd kyu): Jim Yokotake, Gerald Sitting left to right: Joe Ike-shodan (1st degree), Ray Miller-sankyu (3rd class) and Jerry Smith-
Bryan, Tadashi Kano, Bob Minami of Fred Yanagihara-shodan (1st degree), Bob yonkyu (4th class); back row: Aikido instruc-
Sawtelle; Ken Shimizu, Terry Kunihiro of Foler-ikkyu (1st class), Earl Becker sankyu (3rd tors Tadahiro Ishibashi and Masaru Kurihara.
class), Jenether Cephas-sankyu (3rd class);
Hollywood; Patrick Smith, Katsuji Nerio, Center row left to right: Vincent Falcone-san-
Mike Smith, Gray Bromlefge of Orange yu (3rd class), Mitsuo Ikeda-sankyu (3rd class). U.S. Army Photo by SP 5 John W. Tuckish

25
Copyrighted material
 DOJO Bulletin Board
instruments used by the guards. Gala Luau
This is a stick about eight inches
long and six inches wide that
—
Sept. 7 - Gardena, Calif. The 1st
luau, sponsored by the California
makes them an effective punching Aiki Kai, was a great success, and
weapon. plans are underway for another
Picked squads of the U. N. Se- in the future. Although only 150
curity Force of 176 recently com- tickets were sold in advance, some
pleted a year of training in stick 300 people showed up that eve-
fighting. ning.
The squads, trained by a New Authentic Hawaiian dishes were
York Police Force expert and served, and entertainment was
by imported experts, have been provided by a group of Hawaiian
learning to thrust, parry and club dancers. The proceeds will be
in sessions since the assembly's used to help defray the cost of
resumed session ended last spring. Master Koichi Tohei's, ku-dan
The men were also trained in (9th degree), coming visit to the
flying wedge formations to break United States early next year.
Nishiyama Heads All America up street or plaza groups and to
Karate Federation protect notables — or any other
U. N. participant that might find Loyola University Forms Karate Club
By Evans
Bill himself under attack. By Bill Evans
—
Los Angeles, Calif. Master Hide- Frank N. Begley, head of the —
Los Angeles, Calif. Students at
take Nishiyama has recently moved U. N. Buildings Service, said the Loyola University of L.A. have re-
his Karate School to a new Los batons are being issued as stan- cently organized a Karate club,
Angeles location. This new school dard equipment "when necessary" consistingof some twenty-five
will be the headquarters for the to guards. members. Plans are underway to
All American Karate Federation,
serving all of North America.
Nishiyama is personally supervis-
ing the entire federation.
Champ Takes A Bride

Upon Nishiyama's move, Tsu-

tomu Oshima assumes the role of
chief instructor of the California
Karate Association at the former
address.

Add New Weapon to U.N. Arsenal,

Japanese Yawara a
Kashu Mainichi
United Nations — Two types of
i
H
u
stick fighting, one with a Japan-
ese flavor, have been added to the
weaponry of the U. N. security
guard force which does not carry
pistols.
Clarifying a description of the
new techniques furnished by a £
U. N. official, the security force
instructor said one type with 30- —
Sept. 1 - Los Angeles, Calif. AAU The bride, a school teacher, is
the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Mi-
inch long batons is modeled chief- National Judo Champion, Kazuo
ly on a system for crowd control Shinohara, Go-dan (5th degree), toshi Ohara of West Los Angeles,
used by the New York City Police wedded lovely Margaret G. Ohara and the groom, affiliated with
Department. at the West L.A. Buddhist Church. American Honda Motors, is the
The Japanese type of stick Rev. Fumio Fujimura officiated eldest son of Hisao Shinohara of
fighting is yawara named for the the ceremony. Ehime-ken, Japan.

26
incorporate this club into the AH Judo, Volleyball To Be Dropped sented in the International Vol-
America Karate Federation, thus From '68 Olympics leyball Federation.
enabling members to receive in- The International Olympic com- "We have fiv.- years to go be-
struction from Master Nishiyama mittee Thursday eliminated four fore the 1968 Olympic Games and
and also to participate in the Fed- sports from the 1968 Olympian we intend to work on the I.O.C.
eration's tournaments. program, thereby reducing the list to have volleyball reinstated."
Instructor Bill Knittle stated: to the prescribed number of 18. But there are those who fear
"With Judo champion Paul Maru- Voted off the schedule were ju- that the Japanese experts may
yama representing Loyola in the do, archery, volleyball and hand- again be too optimistic even if
Olympics, interest in the Japan- ball. Other sports under consider- quite contrary to original concep-
ese sports has increased here on ation for deletion were cycling tions about judo, the competition
the campus. We hope that in the and soccer. will be divided into four divisions
near future, our team will win Out of 53 voting members pres- — a heavyweight, middleweight,
some championships also. The ent at the afternoon session, 37 lightweight and open weight. Size
way the students are progressing, were against judo, 33 against had never been considered in the
I feel very confident that we will." handball, 32 against archery and rules of judo.
25 against volleyball. A news dispatch from Paris
The reports by the organizing two years ago that Anton Geesink,
committee of Innsbruck and To- a Dutchman, had won the world
Schools Trade Demonstrations
Los Angeles — Two self-defense
kyo, host cities for the 1964
Olympics, were heard and ac-
judo championship by immobiliz-
ing Japan's pride, Koji Sone, was
schools in the Los Angeles area cepted "with great satisfaction." at first considered a mistake in
traded demonstrations recently.
cabling. It shocked the entire Jap-
Don Angier, an exponent of Shi- anese nation. Had it been prewar
dare Yanagi Ryu Jiu-jitsu, took
Japan, there might have been
some of his students to the Santa Judo, Volleyball Dropped some harakiris (disembowelment
Monica YMCA to put on an ex-
From '68 Olympics suicides) among higher-ups in the
hibition of their style of self-de-
fense. In return, Bill Randle, an
Tokyo —Japanese sports offi- judo circles of the humiliation.
cials Friday were shocked and Members of the Japanese team
instructor of Kodenkan Jiu-jitsu
disappointed to hear that the which went to Paris were most
at the YMCA, went to Angier's
International Olympic committee confident. And they had reason to
school a few weeks later to ex-
had erased judo and volleyball be so. In the first world champion-
plain the tenets of his system.
from the official program of the ships held in Tokyo in 1956, the
They tried through their dem-
1968 Olympic Games. two Japanese representatives Yo-
onstrations to create better under-
At Japan's request, judo and shihiko Yoshimatsu, 7th dan, and
standing and a closer link among
volleyball were added to the of- Shokichi Natsui, 6th dan, easily
the various Martial Arts. They
ficial program of the Tokyo Olym- defeated competitiors from 27
hope that other schools will fol-
pic Games next year. nations. Yoshimatsu defeated Gee-
low their example, thus making
Japan hopes to win all gold sink in the semi-finals but lost to
the various arts better known and
medals in the four weight class- Natsui in the finals.
creating friendliness among the
ifications of judo and both gold In the second world champion-
practitioners of these arts.
medals in the men's and women's ships in Tokyo in 1958, Sone, 5th
volleyball competition next year. dan, won the coveted title by de-
Japanese entries won all four feating teammate, Akio Kamin-
titles in judo and the men and aga, 4th dan, in the finals. Kimi-
Japan Eyes Medals In Judo women captured the volleyball yoshi Yamashiki, 6th dan, of Ja-
Tokyo — Of the 15 or so gold titles in the pre-Olympic Tokyo pan won by a fall in 4 minutes 18
medals which Japan hopes to win International SportsWeek which seconds over Geesink in the quar-
in the 1964 Olympic Games, four ended Wednesday. Yamashiki was beaten
ter-finals.
are expected in judo which has Rise! Kano, president of the by Kaminaga in the semi-finals.
been added to the official pro- Japan Judo Federation, said irre- Although in the next two years,
gram for the first time. spective of the I.O.C. action, the Geesink trained conscientiously
Cabinet Minister Eisaku Sato, federation will adhere to its pol- from time to time at the Kodo-
who has been designated Olympic icy of staging world champion- kan, mecca of judo, members of
affair minister in addition to his ships. the Japanese team believed one
other posts, recently declared Ja- "We will wait until judo is of- of them would certainly be the
pan must win in judo "at any ficiallyrecognized by the I.O.C. winner at the third world cham-
cost." as a sport to be included in the pionships at Paris, in December,
As the birthplace of judo, Jap- Olympic program," Kano said. 1961.
anese judoists or judokas or judo Yutaka Maeda, president of the But Geesink, the giant judoka
players, whichever term you may Japan Volleyball Assn., said "I from the Netherlands, was ready
use for this originally conceived cannot believe that the I.O.C. has for them. He beat them all and
art of self-defense and character- removed volleyball from the 1968 emerged the surprise new world
building, should respond to Sato's Olympic Games especially when a champion in judo at which the
declaration. total of 118 countries are reprei- Japanese had been considered in-
( Con tinned on next page)

Copyrighted material
 DOJO
===== i i i
Bulletin Board
i ^^^^^^^^^= =====

vincible because of superior tech-

nique. Japan-U S. Goodwill lai-do Exhibition
The leader of the Japanese
team returned to Tokyo Interna- By James M. Sleeper, USARJ-IO, event were demonstrations of lai
tional Airport and apologized to Sports Writer. (sword), Yari (spear), Jo (staff),
the entire nation for failure to U.S. Army Photograph Kusarigama (chain and sickle,
and Chigiriki (chain and stick).
win the championship at Paris.
The question now is: Will there Sept. 25 - Zama, Japan The — The spectators were awed by the
be a second Ceesink at the Tokyo combined Japan - U. S. Goodwill display of the Okinawa Kobudo
Olympic Games next year. iia-do (Japanese swordfighting) (Okinawa's ancient military arts)
Ceesink, himself, although only Exhibition and the 34th Anniver- and Batto-jitsu (cutting power of
30, is not expected to compete. sary of the Dai-Nippon Shinken- the sword).
He told the writer in Tokyo while kai (all- Japan fencing school's) At the close of the exhibition
he trained for the 1961 world exhibition attracted 10,000 spec- Japan Prime Minister Hayato Ike-
championships at Paris that he tators and 300 participants. Spon- da, president of the Zen-Nippon
did not think of competing in the sored by the Matsuo Kempu dojo Iai-do Renmei, awarded the Presi-
Tokyo Olympic Games because and co-sponsored by Kanagawa dent's Banner to Kiyoshi Wata-
his eligibility would probably be Prefecture, Yokohama City and nabe, Iai-do 8th Degree (Hachi-
questioned. the Kanagawa Shimbun, the ex- dan) and the President's Cup
"
I physical training
run a hibition contained a large variety went to Masao Uenodan, Iai-do
school in Holland and I might be of ancient Japanese arts and cere- 7th Degree (Shichidan).
classed as a professional in which monies. Governor Iwataro Uchiyama of
case I would not be eligible to par- Demonstrations of Aikido, Ka- Kanagawa Prefecture presented a
ticipate in the Olympic Games," rate, Judo, and Kendo were per- trophy to Joseph Cummins of the
Geesink said at that time. formed on the main floor of the U.S. Army. Cummins is recognized
Geesink finally convinced the Yokohama Cultural Gymnasium. in Japan as the foremost foreigner
Japanese judo experts that weight Japan's famous tea ceremony, in the arts of Kobudo. The Gov-
and size do count where the two Kenbu (a sword dance), Shibu ernor's cups went to Hideo Taki,
competitors are the equal in tech- (an ancient dance), flower ar- Iai-do 8th Degree ( Hachidan ) and
nique. For the Dutchman had rangement, and Koto music took to a Karate master.
trained so conscientiously as to place on the stage. Mayor of Yokohama City's Cup
succeed in mastering the intricate The main attractions of the was awarded to Yutaka Kaneda.
technique.
At the same time, some of the
older Japanese experts have shak-
en their heads in resignation, say-
ing that today's Japanese judoists
lack the brilliant technique of for-
mer judo greats, who won their
matches with falls and not by de-
cisions.
A Russian "Sambo" team ar-
rived in Japan last February and
made an impressive showing
against Japanese judokas to cause
some concern here. But a students
judo squad competed recently in
Russia, winning all matches there.
Returning to Japan, the manager
said, "We don't have to be wor-
ried about Russian judokas."
Thirty top Japanese judoists
have been going through inten-
sive training at the foot of Mt.
Fuji.
An answer to just how effective
this strenuous training is will be
given during the pre-Olympic
Meet in Tokyo, Oct. 11-16. Master Matsuo displays cutting ability of famous Japanese sword.

28
 BACK
ISSUES
OF BLACK BELT
For those who missed our previ-

ous issues and who wish to com-

plete their Black Belt Library, we

are pleased to announce that Kazue Ichimura, 6th degree (Ro- demonstrate Muso-ryu Jo-jitsu, a
ku-dan) left, and Joseph Cum- method of quarterstaff fighting
back copies are now available.
mins, 6th degree (Roku-dan), originated in the Tokugawa's era.
Unfortunately, we are out of the

2nd issue. Send one dollar for

each capy desired. This sum will

cover handilng and mailing for

each issue you may have missed.

Please check the following-.

VOLUME ONE
1st \J3rd \J4th Q5ih [J6th
VOLUME TWO
1st

BLACK BELT, INC.

1288 South La Brea Ave.
Los Angeles, California 90019

U.S.Army personnel, from Camp Tanner, Kazue Ichimura, 6th de-

Zama, Japan, who participated in gree (Roku-dan), an employee
the lai-do event, are left to right: of USARJ Provost Marshal and
John W. Tuckish II, Douglas A. Joseph Cummins, 6th degree.

Thirty-four Judo competitors with eleven officials and instructors

making up the South aggregation for the annual North-South Judo
Meet held on November 2 at South San Francisco High School board
an Western Airlines plane at L. A. International Airport. Among the
officials were: Director Shigeo Tashima, 6th Degree (Rokudan);
Manager Kenneth Kuniyuki, 6th Degree; Assistant Manager Shag
Douglas A. Tanner displays the Okada, 4th Degree; and coaches, Sumiyoshi Nozaki, 5th Degree, and
form of Tachi-Iai. Henry Iriye, 5th Degree.

29
Copyrighted material
AIKIDO: basic technique
Katate-Tori Kokyu-Nage (Irimi)

Fig. 1. Attacker seizes your left wrist with his right hand. Keep
your left hand relaxed; if you keep it rigid, the attacker will
have a better grip and an advantage over you. Pour your "ki"
through your left hand and flow it through your fingers which
are pointed toward his -back. Then lower your hips and move
your left foot forward on the outside of attacker's right foot;

immediately followed by the right foot to break attacker's pos- Fig. 2. As attacker loses his balance, lift your right leg and
ture. Meantime move your right hand upward toward attacker's place it at the back of attacker. Your right hand, curling around

neck. Pour your "ki" vigorously and this will cause attacker to attacker's, should then be pointed toward the mat to complete
tilt his head slightly backward. the throw.

Copyrigl
 Katate-tori Kokyunage (tenkan)

Note: At all times you must have your ki flowing, otherwise the
attacker will not follow you. You must keep your ki forward as
you move or you cannot lead the attacker. Once your ki stops,
you will find it quite difficult to keep it started again.

Fig. 2. The attacker will keep holding your right wrist and will

follow your movement as long as you keep flowing your ki. Then
lower your hips by bending your knees and the attacker will

follow suit.

Fig. 1. Attacker faces you directly and grabs your left wrist
with his right hand. You flow your ki (mind) toward and out of
your finger tips (insert photo A.). From a left hanmi position Fig. 3. Suddenly lift yourself up as soon as you know the at-

you move your left foot forward slightly and pivot clock wise tacker has caught up with you, move your left hand toward the
with your hip. Automatically the palm of your hand will be facing attacker's neck, and simultaneously move your left foot back of
up (insert Photo B). Step quickly forward with your left foot and the attacker. Then lower your hip down as the attacker is

keep moving in a clock-wise circle. falling backward.

Hand A leads the "ki" of hand B by bending his Hand A points its fingers upward in the same direc-
and have
wrist its fingers directed exactly as Hand B. tions of Hand B to lead the ki of Hand B.

31
Copyrighte
 By TSgt. Ted May field
Photos by SSgt. Ivo Smith

The largest group of Ameri-

can Tang Soo Do members is
located at March Air Force
Base, Riverside, California,
headquarters of the Strategic
Air Command's Fifteenth
Air Force.
The Southern California
team is under the leadership
of Airman First Class Carlos
Norris, First Degree (sho-
dan), who became interested
in Karate while serving with
the Air Force in Korea in
1960.
The American group was
organized by Air Force Staff
Sergeant Robert Thompson,
Second Degree (ni-dan), and
authenticated by Kwang Kee,
President of the Interna-
tional Moo Duk Kwan, in Oc-
tober 1961. Today, amid the
wind swept mountains of
Colorado in Colorado Springs,
the American Tang Soo Do
Association maintains its or-
ganization center.
The spark of interest in
Karate on March Air Force
Base has been enthusiastic.
The team now has approxi-
mately 40 students ranging
TANG SOO DO FLIES from White to Green
Lieutenant General Archie
Bits.

HIGH AT MARCH J. Old, Jr., Commander

Fifteenth Air Force and a
of

member of the Karate team,

AIR FORCE RASE was presented with an hon-
orary First Degree (sho-dan)
by th President of the Moo
Duk Kwan, an extremely
The Moo Duk. Kwan, an United States via a small rare award, for his outstand-
international organization hard core group of Karate ing personal support and par-
dedicated to the ancient art enthusiasts known as the ticipation in physical fitness
of KARATE from Seoul, Ko- American Tang Soo Do As- programs. The honorary
rea, has made its mark in the sociation. award came as a most pleas-

32
 15th Air Force's Kicho II Bu to Ba-sy with ability, speed and alertness and coordination of mind and
body wins respect of its commanding officer.

ant and welcome surprise to

General Old, who said, "Since
physical fitness is stressed in
my comand, I have great re-
spect for Karate and those
devoted to it."
Airman Norris has devel-
oped an amazing professional
polish in the March AFB
team in the short time since
its During ex-
organization.
team performs
hibitions the
every movement with split-
second accuracy. Lt. Gen. Archie J. Old, Jr., Commander of 15th Air
Force, accepts a honorary 1st Degree (Shodan) in
Over 75 law enforcement Karate from Airman First Class Carlos Norris (left)
officers form the Riverside and SSgt. Dalbert Bryan, members of the American
Tang Soo Do Association at March Air Force Base,
City police, sheriff's depart-
California.
ment, and California High-
way Patrol got a close look
at Karateists in action re-
centlywhen the March AFB
team presented a demonstra-
tion for the group.
The officers, including
Sheriff Joe Rice, watched the
Tang Soo Do members per-
form everything from Kicho
II Bu (motion one) through Airman First Class Carl Ellis, Green Belt, punches and
the complicated Ba-sy (mo- right chops tiro boards with such speed that camera
catches both breaks, in this body protection movement.
tion nine). Almost unbeliev-
ingly they followed every
action unfolding before them
as team members demon-
strated Karate methods of
taking clubs, guns, blades
and bottles from a would-be
aggressor. Boards and tiles
were split asunder with hand
and foot with effortless ease.
When the event came to a
close team members were en-
thusiastically singled out by
the officers to answer ques-
tions by the score on the appli-
cation of Karate techniques. Airman First Class Carlos Norris, 1st Degree (Shodan),
(Continued on page 55) breaks the board with a round kick .

33
 The lure of Feudal Japan with its unforgettable
samurai still exist in the minds of many.
Through the medium of chanbara, we can still
relive and even project ourselves into the
excitement and adventures of days gone by.

/
(V /

During my past year In Japan en-

I at making a chanbara motion picture chanbara motion picture, nor can the
joyed as many chanbara or samurai cannot be compared with today's color fictional story of a famous ronin be
motion pictures as I could cram into and sound with the tremendous ad- classified in the meaning of the word
my busy schedule. However, I was vancement in shooting and cutting chanbara. The two types of films which
really quite surprised at the change techniques. In the early films the sword are left, the musical chanbara and the
that seems to be developing in the technique left much to be desired. mystical-childish prattle would seem to
various films now being produced. The The one classical film which provides leave much to be desired. To review
impact of the great change that was the audience with all of the thrills and the musical and the childish chanbara
underway in the Japanese motion pic- yet keeps to the traditional story is the one need only to think of the audience
ture world came quite forceably to the old standby "The 47 Ronin." The film which seems to pay for such outrage-
front with such realistic pictures as has now become an annual classic with ous space films. There is nothing what-
Tsubalci Sanjiro and the recent thriller each motion picture studio bringing soever connected with the ancient his-
Hara Kiri. Technically, as kengeki films, out every star for a specific role. Even torical past.
both have an excellent award winning Toshiro Mifune had a specific part The musical chanbara does have its
individual story plot. Both smash hits that he secretly wanted to play in a place as an entertainment medium.
for those who want to live in a cold recent Chushingura film. That is how One of the very best examples are the
sweat before a blood bath. the story touches all Japanese. gamblers during the Edo
stories of the
The change which noted with the
I There has now developed four kinds period. There were many famous
preview screening of Hara Kiri was of of chanbara motion pictures. Two of storiesabout them and their songs
course the stark realism present today. the four will be discussed fully in this make one have a feeling for their dif-
The chanbara motion picture has come discussion. The historical samurai mo- ficult life.
of age. The early nationalistic attempts tion picture cannot be classified as a There is a specific sword technique

36
 By Dr. Gordon Warner

How to enjoy a
SAMURAI
motion picture
in the bad man versus the good man her youth there is an excellent medium never did the good fellow die in the
gambler plots. The western audience available and with an historical back- final scene.
has had little information so that they ground ready made. The gambler It isregrettable that the Japanese
can distinguish between the samurai chanbara could be utilized to show motion picture industry is apparently
and the gambler. After all they do that perhaps the bad can sleep well, not interested in tapping its vast re-
wear swords in the same way to the but the good sleep and live much source of potential theater patrons, the
untrained eye or the novice of a chan- happier and better. One need only children and senior citizens. Through
bara motion picture. to observe the youth of America who the use of good techniques which are
It is note that the
interesting to first find out about cowboy films. available the stories could be made
kengeki or sword technique in the From that moment onward for many alive for the children and not too
recent gambler motion pictures has fast draw of the good will win over adultish. The interest would be there
changed for the better. Yet, one is the bad. So will the skill with the long for the grandparents who like to live
led to believe that such action is that sword in the hands of the good win a bit the past. Both could be drawn
in
of a samurai. However, there was a over the bad. But there is actually a into the theater because of a desire
martial arts code, although not within realism brought into Japanese films to be entertained and not bored by
the printed page, which was adhered since thefr beginning which only re- foolisheven utterly stupid movements
to by almost everyone. These stories cently has entered the American film. before their intelligent eyes.
are about feudal Japan and the struc- The good suffer too and even die. This In a recently advertised "samurai
ture of the society is clearly illustrated philosophy was withheld by American film" the actors took to swings in a
in some films which would do justice producers who believed that the park singing about the moon coming
to a good course in Japanese history. American desired to see the good over the mountains! It was sickening!
If Japan is interested in educating rise over the bad without a scratch — Even the two small children sitting

37
Cppyrighted material
 next to me with their grandparents
asked if they could go for a bag of

popcorn because the picture "isn't

good, grandma."
The Japanese motion picture pro-
ducer must realize that it has been
basically this point, a true and proven
fact, that has driven the American
audience out of the theater. There is
no one with an ounce of pride in
motion pictures who does not weep
when they see the vast number of
empty motion- picture theaters in
America and realize that they are
being added to everyday. A motion
picture must be a challenge to the
mind. When
the patron begins to
realize that he is as intelligent as the
brightest the picture, then the story
in
is lost and so is the theater.

Now is the time for the Japanese

motion picture industry to aid in the
real development of the minds of the
Japanese youth and the interest of
foreign audiences. Ask anyone in
South America why Tsubaki Sanjiro
and Harikiri were quickly booked when
the first preview ended. The answer
is elementary. Both of the pictures
made the audience (I) think and live
Director Kurosawa instructs riders on movie set, "The Hidden Fortress". with the hero in his part, (2) feel that
what they saw was real, (3) return
home tired yet keyed up to an awak-
ening of the world around themselves.
Japanese motion picture critics,
who are well aware of what has hap-
pened to the world motion picture
audience as well as the death of
American theater audience, have been
writing for years, in reviews about
the foolish American idea that the
"theater audience is made up of peo-
ple with the minds of little children,
so give them a child's view of the
world." This approach now appears to
be entering the films of Japan to some
degree. What a great tragedy if this
continues throughout the Japanese
motion picture industry.
The motion picture has a responsi-
bility to teach a moral concept in
each of its stories. The script writers
have a moral responsibility to bring
out the whole part of mankind. The
newest books on Japanese shelf today
such as "Sengokei Buke jiten", "Edo
Sekatsu jiten" and "Nippon Buge Sho-
den" give the readers the insight into
the feudal experiences of the people,
the society and the nation.
It is this responsibility that the Jap-
anese critics have been mustering in
many of their reviews. The film has- a
responsibility to teach some facet of
Toshiro Mifune practices his sword form meticulously in order to give Japanese history to the people. Of
and authentic portrayal of a samurai era. Such practice resulted
realistic course, realism has its place in the
and yet suspensful climax for Toho's "Yojimbo"
in a lightening film. There also must be an ethical

38
Copyrighted material
approach to the climax of the story.
Japan has a proud past during feudal
times and it is this good that should
be brought out so that the youth of
Japan may attach their hopes to a
solid foundation and be proud that
they are Japanese.
The modern, theater audience is

living near the life and death world

of true realism. The individual reads
about such a life and discusses it with
friends. The medium of the motion pic-
ture, no matter what the plot of the
story may convey, must give beneath
all of the coating a solid theme of the
loyalty, goodness, the understanding
that comes from appreciation, the
humanism of life. The hero should be
in the form of a symbol which the audi-
ence can understand and appreciate
within their own experience. No think-
ing person really enjoys paying his
hard earned money for something
which does not give him something
in return. The audience doesn't mind
being fooled on the surface, if there
is beneath an awareness of the real
flow of life in the story. In even the
poorest musical, a weak story of a
gambler, a sordid samurai story, there
must always be some line of bushido, A sword play begin in Shochiku's "Harakiri" Harakiri is a privilege re-
.

a way or ethics of life, running through served for a samurai to redeem himself through suicide ( sclf-emboirelment).
the entire film.
Youth can be impressed with the
manners, effectively brought out in
their full manifestation, as a grace or
a thing of beauty. Manly, yet gentle
will have a real meaning for the term
"habitual deportment" which is always
shouted to children. The action can be
understood no matter how trite some
life experience of each character un-
folds on the screen.
There is much more to a feudal
epic film than just the extracting of a
story from "Go Rin Sho" which has a
deep philosophy entwined with the
world of the samurai or the vastness
of Japanese folklore. There is a black
and white print of "Satome Hakenden
No Samurai" which still poaches on
the fantasy, yet enjoying the very real-
istic life and death struggle of the

Eeople. As a film story it has long

een a source of enjoyment with young
and old. There is much that can be
said for the swordsmanship in the
film. The actors move their hips when
they cut with the long sword. The
tsuba (the guard on the hilt of the
sword) is not choked by the right hand
as the move is made to draw the
blade. The fingers are not used to re-
turn the blade to the "saya" (seaboard]
after the encounter. There is an air of
realism in the film, yet it is as if one Shochiku's Tetsuro Tanba fa holder of 3rd Degree, Sandan, in Kendo)
were in the world of "Momotaro San". stars as a ronin (a masterless samurai).
Akira Kurosawa, world famous Japa-
nese director, is shown giving direc-
tions for the death scene with
arrows in Toho Productions "The
Throne of Blood", a Japanese version
of Shakespeare's "MacBeth".

It isthe life and death philosophy of

the people that is clearly and dra-
matically drawn out in the old motion
picture. A new revision has lost al-
most all of the tenable features of the
old film.What a stirring film it would
have been had the plot of the old
story which was proven to be a hit,
been woven into the new which ap- Kobayashi, one of the top directors with Shochiku is shown on location.
peared in color and good sound track.
One of the most ridiculous changes
that have roared into the new samurai nation that has no national music of respect that this man has for the
films is the modern jazz or hillbi'ly its own? Develop a pride in the his- feudal parts he plays.
music as background. This is one of torical feudal times of Japan. There Therefore, it is the responsibilty of
the most contemptable additions and is an awe inspiring greatness that can the Japanese motion picture industry
insultson Japanese and western senses. be obtained through the materials on to develop films which will teach a
Not less than five recent samurai films Japanese historical events. It is the mora! story to the Japanese public.
have driven the audience away be- moral responsibility of the writers and There is no other medium which can
cause of the great contrast between a artists of Japan's motion picture in- reach so many people in the world
chanbara picture and the background dustry to develop within the conscious- with color, the sound, and the realism
music —
of all things a jazz band! ness of Japanese youth the living past, of visual and sense appreciation. The
With all of the rich classical music a love for things Japanese. As in the greatest educators of the ancient and
there is really little need to add jazz isolated case of Toshiro Mifune request- modern world have realized that some
to a feudal period. Why not develop ing that he be allowed to carry his means would have to be developed to
the kote (harp), shakuhachi (flute made "Shikken" or "live" blade in his samurai teach all of the children the history
of bamboo), and the shamisen (three- films. Asked why, he replied, "I feel of their own culture in an interesting
stringed instrument) to go along ith as if were really alive and in the
I manner. Today, through the innocent
the film. How much more value as a feudal time of the part that I am chanbara films of the life of ancient
film bring Japanese culture to the playing in a real life and death strug-
youth of Japan than that of a foreign gle." His remark conveys the deep ( Continued on page 58)

40
 Does Meditation Contribute to The Development Of The Hind (KM?

All new born babies utilize their abdomens or

diaphragms for breathing during the first three
months; automatically convert to rib or chest
breathing as they mature. No one seems to un-
derstand the cause or reason for this transition.
But the followers of Aikido, Zen, and Yoga be-
lieve thatdiaphragm's breathing is the proper
way man should breathe.
Deep or controlled breathing should not be
confused with meditation. Deep breathing ex-
ercise which is getting more and more attention
in United States as a tonic to tension is not new.
Singers have been applying it for years. The ex-
ercise begins by exhaling very slowly through
your mouth. This exhalation is not like blowing
a balloon, but instead like clearing your throat.
Inhalation is through your nose very slowly. The
passage of the air is through your nose and

through your throat. You must feel a slight ten-

sion in your throat as the air is sucked in. There
is a slight two or three seconds pause after each

exhalation and inhalation.

If you are a beginner, do the exercise at a
count of eight for both exhaling and inhaling.
As you progress the count can be increased to
ten, 12, 15, and so forth. In the beginning fifteen
minutes a day is sufficient. Eventually as you be-
Master Koichi Tohei (9th degree) demonstrates the
proper %vay to do meditation in Aikido. come accustomed to this method of respiration,
you can gradually extend your exercises. The
best posture is sitting, but you can also do it ly-
ing or standing. Whatever position you select,
remember to keep your back straight. If you are
doing it properly, you will notice that only your

MEDITA- abdomen is moving.

Meditation, as we practice it today,
lowering our heads, closing our eyes, and whis-
is normally

pering thanks or forgiveness to the Almighty. In

Zen meditation is to sit motionless for hours

TION IN with your eyes closed, legs crossed, and your

mind in deep thought. In case you lose control
of your thought, you can always depend on im-
mediate help from the Zen priest. He will tap
your shoulder gently with a wooden staff

AIKIDO . . .

supposed to aid you to regain your

this action is
thought from wandering.

41
Begin the exercise by exhaling slowly through your After you have exhaled all the air out. stop for a few
mouth. Keep your back erect and focus your mind on second before starting on the inhalation.
the one-point.

There are various approaches to meditations. centered at the one-point. In the beginning your
Each clairvoyant school has its own method of thought will tend to wander. You can help pre-
practicing them. Some like Yoga and Aikido vent this by putting slight pressure at the point
apply profound concentration with controlled with your thumb. Although you will find it most
respiration (as described above). Although both favorable to meditate in a sitting position in an
seems to utilize the same method, their objectives empty room, it can also be performed standing
in focusing their thoughts are widely apart. In or walking.
Aikido the thought is always on the one-point Meditation hard work and you must
calls for
below the navel (Seika-no-itten). In Yoga the if you are to suc-
really self-discipline yourself
focus of concentration varies among the schools. ceed. Although you can learn to do it yourself,
One school may emphasize at a point on their you will find it easier and more enjoyable to
foreheads; another may be on an image of a dead learn it in a group. By self-trainingyou will have
person — in an attempt to make contact; and the tendency to procrastinate and shorten the
still another, image of a place or person living exercise. In group participation this tendency is

in a remote area. eliminated. A leader can be chosen. Each partici-

In Aikido, as you practice inhaling and exhal- pant follows his command. As he claps his hands,
ing, your mind or thought must continuously be everyone exhales; as he claps his hands again,

42
Copyrighted material
Inhalation should be done slowly through the nose. Stop for a few seconds after sucking in as much air
Your thought still focusing on the one point. as you could into your diaphragm. Then repeat the
procedure all over again.

everyone inhales. Naturally, the claps between "But I encountered one problem", he con-
breathing should be at a count of eight or more. tinued. "WhenI first started on the program, it

As the participants become adapted to this way was during the summer so the neighbors thought
of meditation, the leader can extend his counts I was out on my lawn to refresh myself. But when

and prolong the exercises. winter came around, the temperature dropped
Meditation plays an important role in the de- to the low 40's, and I continued meditating only
velopment of your mind(ki). One student com- in my shorts. It wasn't long before they quit
mented: "after I had practiced Aikido for six speaking to me and thought that I was some kind
months, I started a rigid program of meditation. of a nut."
Every evening after dark, I would sit in the back- A word of caution to the ambitious: don't force
yard and meditate. In the outset for about fifteen yourself in doing the respiration. Some over-
minutes a day, and as the months passed by, I zealous Aikidoists learned their lessons the tough
would gradually increase it to twenty, thirty, way. They thought they can increase their power
until I was doing it for forty-five minutes. It rapidly by exhaling vigorously. After a few times
didn't take long before I was able to pit my ki of this, they inflicted themselves with piles (hem-
against the more experienced Aikidoists." orrhoids). D
43
KARATE
RISING BLOCK (Age-uke)

As the right arm is raised with elbow about

90° to block, lower your left arm and re-
Fig. ONE
tract it to the side.
Raise your left arm to the height of your
forehead in front of the body. Remember
to keep shoulders level at all times.

Swing the right arm upward keeping it close As the block is made, counter with your left
in to the body. Bring the right hand to a po- hand to your opponent's body or prepare
sition about three inches, slightly above and for another block. Maintain correct distance
in front of your forehead. from your opponent at all times.

44
 KARATE
USE OF THE RISING BLOCK (AGE-UKE)
DURING SPARRING (KUMITE):

Fig. ONE
The defender (r) assumes an Open-
Stance (Hachiji-dachi) in preparation
for attack. From this posture one
can change to any stance required
immediately. The attacker assumes a
Forward Stance (Zenkutsu-dachi) and
Fig. TWO
is ready to attack with a Lunge

Punch (Oi-zuki). As the attacker lunges forward, the

defender must move one step back; at
the same time he must apply the
Rising Block. (The Rising Block techni-
que has been illustrated in this issue).
Remember: maintain your balance
at all times. It is also very important
to maintain a correct distance
between yourself and your opponent
during back step or counterattack.

Fig. THREE
The defender counterattacks with a
Reverse Punch to his opponent's
plexus. Grabbing the attacker's
or pushing, the defender can
throw his opponent off balance.
 9S1
A path to respect and humility

derstanding ai\d cooperation

. and the si
. .

ing of such skill is the key toward better

among all rr

GOODWILL kind. *!Nk/'.

TOUR
BY THE
FENCING
MASTERS
OF JAPAN
Kendo masters arrived
Five of Japan's top
in San Francisco on September 8th via
last
Japan Air Lines for a good-will Kendo exhibi-
tion tour of the United States and South
America. The group was sponsored by the
All-Japan Kendo Federation with headquarters
in Tokyo.
The purpose of such tour was to stimulate
interest in Kendo as well as to publicize the
forthcoming 1964 Olympic Games which will
be held in Tokyo this October.
The leader of the Kendo masters was Yuji
Oasa of Kyushu. Master Oasa, who is 76 years
of age and regarded as the pace setter for ths
younger members of the group, is one of the
four living 10th Degree (Judan) Kendo masters
of Japan. His superb demonstration of fenc-
ing skill and perfect defense techniques won
him the enthusiastic acclaim and admiration
of both the participants and spectators.
Exhibitions of other martial arts were per-
formed by other members of the group. Taka-
shi Ozawa, 9th Degree (Kudan), exhibited
flawlessskill in his lai performance (the draw-

ing and returning of the sword to the scab-

bard). Te'nosuke Masuda, 8th Degree (Hachi-
dan) demonstrated the Shindo Muso Ryu Jo-
Jitsu with the assistance of Torao Mori, 8th
Degree (Hachidan) and technical advisor of
BLACK BELT.
Techniques with the staves and poles (Bo-
jutsu) and other forms of Kendo katas were
also on the programs. Each match and demon-
stration not only provided the beginners as
well as to the spectators in Kendo a better
insight on this exhilarating sport but they were
highly educational and stimulating.
However, it is regrettable that such an out-
standing cultural program received so little

advance notices. It is a pity that

publicity or
more persons could not have been present to
witness these perfectionists as they displayed
skills unseen outside of Japan. We of the
BLACK BELT hope that such cultural ex-
changes will increase in the future for through
such exchanges spread of the martial arts
and sports can be realized.
CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE

MASTER NAGITO TOSHIOKA, 7th Degree (Shichidan), Kyoshi. as born

in Kagawa ken, Shikoku, on July 9, 1914. He graduated from Meiji
University, Tokyo, where he later returned to become the head coach
of its Kendo team. In 1956 and 1962 his teams won the All-Japan Uni-
versity Student's Kendo Federation Championship. Master Toshioka is a
member to the Staff of All-Japan Kendo Federation. He is the president
and founder of the Siemon Leather Company in Tokyo.

47
MASTER JUJI OASA, 10th Degree (Judan), born in Kumamoto-ken, Kyushu, MASTER TEINOSUKE MASUDA, 8th Degree (Hachidan), Hanshi, was born
Japan on January 20, 1887, is one of the four living top kendoist in in Tokyo on Feb. 16, 1901. In 1925 the President of the Kodansha Pub-
Japan. In 1930 he built the Reido Dojo at Matsubara-machi, Saga City, lishing Company, Seiji Noma, appointed him as a Kendo teacher of the
Kyushu, Japan. He is a committee member of the All-Japan Kendo Fed- company's dojo. Master Masuda won the Emperor's Match Cup in 1940.
eration as well as being the president of the Saga-ken Kendo Federation. He is a member of the All-Japan Kendo Federation. An outstanding
He is a consultant for one of the largest cosmetics company in Japan. teacher of Kendo kata, bo-jutsu and other forms of the martial arts, he is
presently the Kendo instructor at the Police Headquarters in Tokyo.

MASTER TAKASHI OZAWA. 9th Degree (Kudan), was born in Saitama-ken, MASTER TOSH 10 WATANABE, 8th Degree (Hachidan), Kyoshi, was born in
Honshu, Japan on August 31, 1900. He graduated from the present Fukayasu-gun, Hiroshima, Honshu. He is 51 years of age. As the Executive
Tokyo University of Education. In 1933 Master Ozawa became a professor Secretary of the All-JapanKendo Federation, his schedule takes him all
at the National Police Academy. He is a committee member of All-Japan over Japan. He is one of the best informed men on Kendo in Japan.
Kendo Federation and also holds the office of the presidency in the Master Watanabe graduated from the Tokyo University of Education and
Saitama Kendo Federation. He also holds a high degree in lai (drawing is constantly making appearances at university Kendo meetings and
and returning of the sword). matches to discuss the various techniques, rules, and history of Kendo.

48
Copyrighted material
 TOURNAMENTS' ITS:
ALL AMERICAN KARATE TOURNAMENT
The State Championship for the 3rd All-American Karate Tournament
was sponsored by the Karate Association of Hawaii on October 27th. The
meet held in Honolulu had U. S. Senator Daniel K. Inouye as President
of the tournament with Governor Burns and the Japanese Consulate Gen-
eral Kenzo Yoshida as advisors. (Pictured above, to r) Masataka Mori, I

the Chairman of the Tournament and Chief Instructor of Karate Assn.

of Hawaii; Yasu Uyehara, 1st Degree (Shodan), who won the 1st place in
Sparring (Kumite); Thomas Morikawa, 1st Degree (Shodan), who captured

the 1st place in Kata (Form); and Hidetaka Nishiyama, the Chief Judge
of the Tournament and President of the All-American Karate Federation.

SECOND ANNUAL NATIONAL COLLEGIATE JUDO CHAMPIONSHIPS, ITHACA, N.Y.

135-Pound Class: 1st place Al Okamoto, San Jose State; 2nd David
- -

Colon, University of Puerto Rico; 3rd - Lucius Bernard;

West Point.
150-Pound Class: 1st place - Lee Parr, San Jose State; 2nd - Hitoshi Ta-

naka, Columbia University; 3rd - Peter Goldreich, Cor-

nell.

165-Pound Class: 1st place- Kay Yamasaki, San Jose State; 2nd - Wil-
liam Coleman, U.S. Air Force Academy; 3rd - Joe
Ozaki, Columbia.
180-Pound Class: 1st place - *Dave Sawyer, San Jose State; 2nd -Tru-
man Young, U.S. Air Force Academy; 3rd - Eric Hit-
tinger, Ohio State University.
195-Pound Class: 1st place - Gary Newquist, San Jose State; 2nd - Al-
bert Pfeltz, U.S. Air Force Academy; 3rd - Jerry Sar-
ris, Cornell.
Unlimited Heavyweight Class: 1st place - Allan Schmidt, Cornell; 2nd-
Marlowe Ubl, Ohio State University; 3rd - Jim Marko-
witz,Dartmouth College.
*Dave Sawyer also took the individual championship.
Team Standings: 1st place - San Jose State (50 pts), 2nd - Cornell Uni-
versity (25 pts), 3rd - U.S. Air Force Academy (24 pts),
4th - Ohio State University (13 pts), 5th - Columbia
University and West Point (12 pts each), 7th - Univer-
sity of Puerto Rico (8 pts), 8th - Dartmouth College
and Cornell College of Agriculture (5 pts each), 0th - 1

Princeton University.

JUDO TOURNAMENT OF THE PASADFNA JAPANESE CULTURAL INSTITUTE, PASADENA, CALIF.

Black Belt Division's winner: R. Mathiase of Sawtelle.

White and Brown Belt Division: 1st place - S. Motokawa of Sun Valley;
- F. Kyle of Lakewood Y.; 3rd - H. Sagara of San
2nd
Fernando.
Shonen Competition: 1st place - M. Kane of Oqden; 2nd - R. Yoshitomi
of Seinan; 3rd - K. Okada of Orange County; 4th - H.
Kiyomura of Pasadena; and 5th - H. Sato of Long
Beach.
Yonen Competition: 1st place - H. Hashimoto of Pasadena; 2nd - S. Ya-
suda of East Los Angeles; 3rd - R. Isa of ELA; 4th - G.
Espinosa of Orange County; 5th - J. Sato of Long
Beach.
49
Cop
fi Wl 1 1 >HB I ,'
/ 'M \ \ : I Wl 1
WORfH AMERICAN

Aerial view of one of North American vlv/af/on's

recreaf/on centers indicates scope of activities made
available to employees. At center are club house,
gym, exercise room, auditorium, and swimming
pool. In background are outdoor play area, tennis
courts, golf course, and softball diamonds. Center
covers 20-acre site in Orange County.

A
funny thing is happening to helped, among other things, to ized for both men and women,
the American working man and contribute to the current boom in and even children of employees
woman on their way home from the martial arts. are invited to take part.
work these days. A good many At North American Aviation, The organized company rec-
of them are arriving home by an aerospace firm with headquar- reation which has made this pos-
way of a rather extended detour. ters in the Los Angeles area, no sible is of relatively recent origin.
And the neighborhood pub has less than four recreation centers Before the turn of the century,
nothing to do with it. The miss- are in use to serve the company's there wasn't much need for facili-
ing men and women are stopping employees scattered throughout ties to help make profitable use
in at a company-sponsored recre- the sprawling Southland. of leisure time. There simply
ation center to take advantage Each is equipped with a mod- wasn't enough leisure time to
of free facilities and instruction ern gym with exercise, bodybuild- worry about. A 12-hour day, nor-
that would cost them a pretty ing, and weightlifting gear. And mally six days a week, left the
penny elsewhere. they provide a perfect backdrop working man with little desire
Included in these facilities are for an excursion into the martial for anything more than eating
a growing number of well- arts. and sleeping.
equipped gyms which have Judo clubs have been organ- Times have changed. With the

50
coming of the 40-hour work week, Only as a small cog in a gigantic recreational program,
employees and their families have Judo is causing more than just bumps and thumps
become gradually accustomed to at this huge areospace center.
a large amount of leisure time.
Even allowing for such week-to-
week chores as washing to fam-
ily car and keeping the lawn
manicured, a sizeable number of
evening and week-end hours re-
main to be used.
At North American Aviation,
the organized program to imple-
ment the philosophy of industrial
recreation dates back a quarter
century. Informality was the key-
note of these beginnings. A few
employees got together to bowl
after work, to play Softball on a
Sunday afternoon. During the
years that followed, the scope of
recreational activities in which
employees and their families took
part broadened to embrace a Spectators are amused and amazed at the fast action and agressiveness of the
tremendous variety. contestants during a Judo match.
With the rapid population ex-
pansion which took place in the
Los Angeles area following World
War II, the shortage of commu-
nity recreation facilities available
became increasingly apparent. In
1947, North American inaugu-
rated a building program which
is still in progress. At present,
four separate centers encompass-
ing approximately 50 acres serve
the employees of the company's
Southern California divisions.
At its plant in Columbus, Ohio
employees have the use of a 67-
acre site near the Columbus Mu-
nicipal Airport. In addition, 37
acres of land near North Ameri-
can's Neosho, Missouri, plant
have been developed for employee
use.
North American Aviation's
program offers to the
recreation
employee and his family an op-
portunity for enjoyable, satisfy-
ing, and constructive use of lei-
sure time. This is the basic
philosophy of the company's pro-
gram, and because this is so, it
is the employees themselves who
decide what activities should be
included.
Planning and operation of most
 handled by those tak-
activities is
ing part. The athletic groups,
such as bowling, softball, golf,
and Judo, write their own rules
of participation. The clubs have
their own constitutions and by-
laws and elect officers to govern
club activities.
In a sport such as Judo, where
little if any emphasis is placed
on size weight, or brute strength,
it isonly natural that participa-
tion should include youngsters as
well as adults.
What is the drawing card?
Recreation officials look at it this
way. "Most people come to the
classes with the sole intention of
learning self-defense. It doesn't
take long, however, before they
become interested in the competi-
tive aspect of the sport. For chil-
dren, Judo develops self-confi-
dence and coordination. Men and
women look to it for exercise and
emotional release."
Compared with golf or tennis,
the sport requires a relatively
modest cash outlay. $15 for a
white cotton Judo suit, a few
more dollars for instruction books
and the new Judo buff is in busi-
ness. From there on out, the
lumps and bruises which go with
the sport can be acquired at vir-
tuallyno cost at one of the com-
pany's recreation centers.
Even the spectator aspects of
the sport are drawing more and
more interest. Tournaments held
by the company's Judo clubs have
been drawing well, and current
plans are to hold a lot more of
them.
"Once you begin to find out
what it's all about," a Judo fan
will tell you, "the sport has a lot
of suspense and drama. It's hard
to turn your head away when you
know that it only takes a split
second to get thrown on your
head!"
Tom Owens, 3rd Class (Sankyu) breaks a Shoulder Throw (Seoi-nage) by
his opponent. Douglas Hall of Luke Tactical AFB referees the match.

52
 During practice session in the dojo, Asao Kusano demonstrates Stomach Throw (Tamoe-nage) as students watch.

During a demonstration at the recent North American

Judo Tournament held at its Downey Recreation Center,
Roy Sunada, 1st Degree (Shodan), executes a Shoulder
Throw (Seoi-nage) for the benefit of the spectators and
"Ippon" point is scored with an Thigh Throw (Uchimata) contestants. Victor Takagi, a 1st Degree, takes the fall.

53
Copyrighted material
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Lomilomi is something like the

MORE LETTERS (Yes, ice agree it would be an
.

undue restraint upon one's freedom

. .

Japanese anma and it utilized not

Continued From Page 7 if devotees of the martial arts had only feet (as Mr. Morris would have
to register. Black belt karateists in us believe), but also hands, fingers,
Japan icere required to register with elbows. This writer was trained in
POLICE REGISTRATION? the police in the past; however, such the feet manipulation by his mother,
I am one of the subscribers to practices has become obsolete. In the but it was not the only part of the
your magazine and find the editorial USA, as far as we know, there is anatomy used. In fact, the hands
section, in some instances very help- no regulation on registration. But, were the most important.
ful. There is a question or saying if one whether he's a karateist or Too, Mr. Morris should have men-
that comes up once in awhile that I not was to assault someone, he would tioned that Sensei-san (Prof. Oka-
have not been able to find the answer be thrown in jail. However, this is zaki) wrote a book entitled SELF
to. At least some of the inquiries highly improbable since a good kara- DEFENSE FOR WOMEN AND
that I have mailed out have remained teist or judoist would never Ed.) . . . GIRLS in 1929 while he was on
unanswered. The question that needs # # Maui. I have always hoped that a '

to be answered is this: Does one OKAZAKI, A LOMILOMI complete biography of the Professor
that become proficient in Judo and Your magazine has improved im- would be compiled one day and I
Karate have to register with the mensely with the current number have long kept a file on him. It may
Police Departments? I think this is (March-April, 1963) and you are to interest you to know that he treated
an undue restraint upon one's free- be congratulated upon its improve- Governor Burns' wife when she be-
doms unless of course he has a police ment. The language, too, is improved came paralyzed and they, in grati-
record and the town, city or what- and not "Oriental sounding" as in tude, named their son SEISHIRO
have-you requires a registration un- previous numbers. after the Professor. If you will send
der the police powers of the particu- The article on Prof. Henry S. a copy to Gov. John H. Burns, Iolani
lar body involved. Okazaki was especially enjoyed as Palace, Honolulu, and point out the
A prompt answer to the above he was very well known to this story by Mr. Morris, I think that
inquire will be greatly appreciated. writer for many years, and Mr. Governor Burns would appreciate it.

Frank Fullerton, Judo Morris, author, is to be commended You can say that it was sent to him
Instructor, Texas upon the excellent biography. But at my suggestion as he is a friend.
Western College and one statement is in error where he Sincerely and aloha,
Karate Instructor, observed that "Lomilomi" is a "Ha- Charles Kenn
Ft. Bliss, Texas waiian massage using the feet." Honolulu, Hawaii

54
c
 KARATE KENPO DOJO
A combined system utilizing the lineal
technique of hard style Karate with the
circular application of Kendo- and Kung
Fu Affiliated
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TANG S00
( Continued from page 33)
KARATE
Kenpo Karate Asc. Of America
Sheriff Rice was impressed Pres: Ed Parker
Affiliated Members:
with the performance and Chicago Judo and
stated that Karate seemed to 11179 Santa Monica Blvd. Karate Center
have great
W. Los Angeles 25, Calif. 7902 S. Ashland Ave.
a potential in
Phone: GR 8-9123 Chicago 20, ILL
police force use. He asked Instrs.: G. Wyka
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that a study be started to Los Angeles, Calif. TR 3-1243-44
determine the merit of phas- Phone: 750-3030
ing Karate instruction in 385 W.
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with the regular training at Pomona, Calif.
Phone: NA 2-9120 Canadian Federation of Karate
the Sheriff's Training Center An Affiliate of Japan Karate
in Riverside, California. 1713 E. Walnut St. Association
Pasadena, Calif. c/o Mr. Ary Anastasiadis
Airman Norris stressed the
Phone: SY 3-2860 804 Quimet St.
major benefits of this ancient Villa St. Laurent 9, P.Q.
art of self-defense. They in- 44 East 8th South Montreal, Canada
Salt Lake City, Utah Phone: RI 7-9345
clude confidence of ability,
Phone: 328-4572
Hatashita Karate Dojo
speed and alertness and co- Instr.: Mills Crenshaw
784l/ Bronson Ave.
2
ordination of mind and body. Ottawa, Ontario
2733 Riverside Blvd.
The ultimate aim of the Sacramento, California Toronto Karate Dojo
Karate art, according to the Phone: 443-9517 1778 Jane Street
Instr.: Al Tracy Weston, Ontario
American Tang Soo Do, lies
not in victory or defeat, but Central Dojo
1134 Valencia
1216 Stanley
in the perfection of character San Francisco, Calif.
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of the participants. Gichin Karate Dojo
Bus. Phone: MI 7-1666
Res. Phone: MA 1-5850 57 St. Raymond
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Phone: JU 7-9960
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55
mm mi nice m of MONTH By Dr.

headed "Essential Points" once they find they

Phillip J. Rasch

are identical, but certainly, no one can disagree

with the effort to re-inforce the importance of
the fundamentals.
A particularly good feature is the stress and
instruction in proper footwork and balance.
The book is profusely illustrated.
In spite of the fact it is written for the man
who has little time available for practice, the
authors warn that personal combat is a risky
business best avoided.
The reader can have confidence in his ability
to use these techniques only if he has practiced
them until they have become automatic re-
sponses. This is which is well taken and
a point
which is usually overlooked by the over-enthusi-

Rasch became astic novice.

Dr. Phillip J. first interested in
Judo while a student at Fuller ton District Junior
Apparently this is the first in a series of four

College. He trained at Smeltzer dojo under the booklets on the subject. Receipt of the others in

instruction of Yaju Yamada. After his service as due course will be awaited with interest.

a Lt. Commander in the Pacific, Rasch earned

his Ph.D. in physical education at the University
of Southern California.
Dr. Rasch, a Director of the Biokinetics Re-
search Lab at the California College of Medicine,
has published numerous articles and books on
the physiological and psychological aspects of
exercise. He is a member of the Board of Trustees
of the American College of Sports Medicine and
the Research Council of the American Associa-
tion for Health, Phys. Ed., Recreation. He is the
Book Review and Abstracts Editor for the Jour-
nal of the Association for Physical and Mental
Rehabilitation.

Donn F. Draeger, whose contributions to

Strength and Health will be recalled by many

of our readers, and Masatoshi Nakayama, Chief
by M. Nohayomo
Instructor of the Japan Karate Association, have
6 Donn F. Draeger
here combined their talents to present a descrip-
tion of the basic moves of Karate for the man SPECIAL OF THE MONTH
without time to practice the more elaborate tech- Martial Arts Supplies Co. is now offering this
ques set forth in Nishiyama's definitive text. For book at a special price for a one time SALE
the student trying to learn the elements of the art only. This price is good from January 15, 1964

without the aid of an instructor this is probably to March 15, 1964. Please use coupon pro-
vided Regular price $2.95
the most practical manual now available. There
Special price $2.45
issome question in the reviewer's mind whether
readers will continue to peruse the several pages FOR HAIL ORDER FORM — SEE PAGES 3, 59 or 66.

56
 BLACK BELT
ROUND TABLE
This section has been reserved for questions submitted by
our readers. All questions, technical or general, recent or
historical and pertaining to the martial arts shall be for-
warded to our responsible and capable technical advisors.
Their names and our comments shall appear in BLACK BELT.

From all I have heard and read in What do they mean by "randori" in I am in search of authentic books. I
regard to building up the hands judo and aikido? unfortunately live in an area that
and knuckles, would this prevent J. Brown, New Jersey does not have capable instructors;
one from writing, playing an instru- therefore, my collection of books are
ment, doing special work, a desk In judo's "randori" a contestant will
all that I have to base any kind of
job like drafting, etc.?
go against one opponent and as soon training on. Can you help me locate
as he throws that opponent, he'll
A. Thornton, Iowa these books?
immediately face another and an-
B. Briggs, California
other until he, himself, is defeated.
Although development of the hands In aikido's "randori," one person is Yes. We hope to keep a current list
and feet will enhance the effective- placed in the center of the mat and of authentic books in our magazine.
ness of a practitioner's blow or kick, he'll be surrounded by three, four We will keep in contact with all
it is not mandatory that they build
or more opponents or attackers. He publishing firms. All new books will
up tremendous callouses. It is not the has to defend himself against simul- be listed in our earliest issues.
size of callouse that counts but rather
taneous attacks.
the inner development of the cal-
cium or in other body parts the
hardening of muscle. It is recom-
mended that sand should be used
Would it be possible to create a pen
when punching or kicking. The re-
pal column in your magazine? I am
sults may take longer but will be
interested in writing to other stu-
much more lasting. Chinese herbs dents who study and can exchange
should also be used —
a special lini-
ideas.
ment used to prevent blood clots. Tennessee
F. Stearns,

//enough interests are shown for a

Is there a list of Karate, Aikido and
pen pal column, we will start one.
Judo schools throughout the North
My father 47 years old. He doesn't
is American continent where one can
think he should take Karate because seek and receive personal instruc-
of his age. I think he should —
what tions?
I'm an old-timer in judo and wish
do you think? H. Devlin, Nebraska
R. Oscar, Louisiana to learn Aikido but hesitate because
No. To formulate a complete list
of the different ways of falling be-
would involve much research. Then
tween the two arts. I feel that I
Definitely yes. There are so many too, schools often close as fast as they
would not be able to convert.
phases of Karate. Specializing say open. The magazine hopes to com-
T. Suzuki, Hawaii
in just learning forms (shadow box- pile such a list but it can only be a
ing sequences) should be sufficient partial list kept current by readers You will not find it too difficult to
as a healthful exercise, for coordina- who presently have schools. There convert to Aikido's tumbling type
tion, increase of reflex, balance, etc. is also the problem of weeding out of falls. Instructors usually find faults
The sport aspect (sparring) can be those who are authentic and not fly in beginners' lack of confidence in
eliminated and it would still be —
by nights proof of bonifide creden- falling, you do not have that prob-
extremely advantageous. tials is the only alternative we have. lem.

57
laterial
 BOYS' ( Continued from page 40)

JUDO Japan, and

only is
in the Samurai epics, not
the feudal past given to Jap-
anese audiences but, to foreign audi-
ences too.

SPORT DEFENSE •
The position of Japanese feudal life
in the minds of the foreigner is truly
at stake. Either the appreciation and
96 pages 8'/2 x 11" — 171 illustrations — 115 photographs only 51. 50 understanding, which is so vital to
(add 25? ior postage and handling. Send cash, check or money order to: both, will be something valued or
Japan's history will become the laugh-
BURTON PUBLISHING CO.. 158 West Adams Blvd.. Los Angeles 7, Calif.
ing stock of the entire world, due to
the spreading of a false impression of
Japan through the growing interest of
foreigners in chanbara and samurai

UARH KARAT£
epics. The Japanese motion picture'
industry can develop understanding
and appreciation with the able leader-
ship of directors Kurosawa of Toho,
Kobayashi of Shochiku and many oth-
ers who are beginning to develop

FAST/ realism with fine historical settings

with the excellent technical understand-
ing supported with historical research
which make some Japanese films world
and

award winners!
This approach is desper-
scholarly
ately needed at
this time. If something
is promptly undertaken, by all
not
members of the Japanese motion pic-
life of Japan
ture industry, the feudal
willbe misunderstood, despised, and
by the foreigner," not
totally rejected
to forget the paramount person for
whom the flim is made the Jap-
. . .

anese youth.
We foreigners are expecting more
of a Japanese flavor when we see a
Japanese chanbara, or a samurai epic.
There are more and more blue eyed
kenshi who are unfortunately beginning
to laugh at the mere suggestion of
photo instruction meth-
Superior to ordinary still
the term BUSHIDO. There are also
ods Tou con now loom intricate techniques thru

mm motion pictures
those foreigners who have deve'oped
the slow motion magic ol I
•nd detailed written instruction a fixed impression of Japanese feudal
* ALSO A VAIL A aii
Tou will Imd that there is nothing to figure out life due to only one visit to a chanbara
or ponder upon. Tou wiU see in F till ACTION Tha compact "AIDS' 8 mm. viewer,
with (top, forward and rewind set-
motion picture.
self defense techniques against a lapel Grab,
Wrist Grab, Head Lock, aerhug, light Punch, tings. Viewer gives big, bright, life- The time is current to do something
Left Punch, lound House light, Uppercur, Kick- like motion pictures, to that every to build a better understanding of
movement may be carefully studied
ing Attack and Defense from the Ground. Japan's feudal life and the very phi-
Special introductory offer 2-50 foot reels of in detail. Price Only $5.99
losophy of contemporary Japan. There-
I mm film complete with training instructions, only
SS.I1 postpaid.
fore, to those who are sincerely inter-
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KARATE PRODUCTIONS CHECK HERE

FOR VIEWER Tl
international appreciation
standing for Japan,
and under-
extend my hand
I

BOX 43081 • LOS ANGELES 43, CALIF. in deep and humble appreciation. To

Please send your S mm film on the bosk techniques of "KARATE"

those who look only to the material
side of life extend to them my "Hata-
I

NAME. . shijo" (a letter of challenge) just —

I ADDRESS name the place, the temple, the time
and bring your second. Oh yes, please
do not forget an obento (box lunch)!
We have much to discuss. i
j

58
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 THE EIGHTEEN
MARTIAL
ARTS OF JAPAN
 by Dr. Gordan Warner

As we delve into the history of the past, we

can uncover hidden wealth of materials. But still,
much remains hidden, untranslated, decaying in
some musty bookcase.
We have learned to accept much of the customs,
rules and beliefs without questioning. Many of
these have been handed down from cultures con-
tradictory to ours. The needs and conditions in
the past may have differed drastically from the
present; however, they were instrumental in the
birth and development of many ideas. This also
applies to that of the martial arts.
Across the land different methods of warfare
or combat with its specific weapon of death
developed, each according to the needs and con-
dition of its participants. In Japan the develop-
ment of the martial arts is closely linked to
that of emergence and passing of the samurai,
the knight-warrior of Japan. To study the Japa-
we must study the samuari..
nese martial arts,
These warriors, steeped in tradition of the
"bushido" (a code of ethics of the samurai), have
blazed a well-beaten path crowded with deeds
and heroics. Many were instrumental in shaping
the destiny of Japan.
The period between Yoritomo Minamoto
(1147-1199 A.D.) and the restoration of the
Imperial power (1867 A.D.) is regarded as the
golden era of the samurai. They retained their
authority with a long and a short sword tucked
securely in their belt (obi). The sword symbol-
ized absolute power and authority. However, the
sword also exemplified the "tamashii" or the
spirit of those who wore
such a weapon.
One of the most recent books on famous Japa-
nese swords is Nihon Meito Monogatari (Out-
standing Japanese Swords) written by Kazan
Sato. The author, a director of the Swords Sec-
tion at the National Museum of Tokyo, states
that words or mottos such as "mi kara deta sabi"
(an ill life and an ill end), "soriga awanu" (being
The development of the martial arts was closely
unable to get along with other), "origami tsuki"
linked to the needs of the Samurai for weapons
(approved) and many others were inscribed upon
of defense or attack. When need of such weapons the sword by the Japanese samurai. Such mottos
ceased to exist and the Samurai faded into ob- or words still persist today.
scurity, his character training continued as a
The Stvord and Master. With the swords and emer-
its
philosophy.
gence of the samurai, other martial arts developed.

("Hamkiri" by Shochiku)
 Thus it is not difficult to imagine that the sa- swimming was highly developed.
the technique of
murai considered themselves the protectors of The Mukai Ryu and the Shinden Ryu were styles
the country in service to their lord and that they developed to master the strong river currents.
bore the full responsibility of quelling distur- Whereas, the Kwankai Ryu was principally
bances and restoring peace. It was important adapted for open sea. In this art the circular
that they undergo extensive training throughout movement of the legs (makiashi) was basically
their life. Loyalty, patience, and the mastery the principal technique. The upper part of the
of the martial arts wereHowever, this
essential. body could be held above the water by strong
does not imply that every samurai mastered all leg drive. This style of swimming allowed the
of the eighteen arts; most reached a mastery in samurai to swim with his armor or to fire a gun
many. from this position while treading in the water.
The eighteen martial arts to be discussed in The Kobu Ryu, Takeda Ryu, and the Usuki
this and subsequent issues are as follows: Ryu were developed in Kyushu. Sasanuma Ryu,
1. Ba-Jutsu: The art of horsemanship which stressed the method for swimming in
2. Batto-Jutsu: Art of drawing the sword lakes, was also developed in the southern island.
3. Bo-Jutsu: Art of using the 4'2" wooden As always there was a great rivalry among
staff the different schools. In order to stimulate and
4. Fukumibari- develop such competition, a swimming meet
Jutsu: Art of blowing needles was held before the Shogun Iyesada Tokugawa
5. Ho-Jutsu: Art of gunnery in 1810. Twenty-five top swimmers from each

6. Ju-jutsu: Unarmed self defense school competed for three days in various styles
7. Jutte-Jutsu: Protection against sword at- of swimming.
tack with a police stick One of the most difficult arts to perform in the
8. Ken-Jutsu: The art of fencing water is the Suikyu-Reisha as developed by
9. Kusarigama- Iron chain and short curved Suifu Ryu. This style still exists today. The

Jutsu: blade technique archer will take his bow and two arrows and
10. Kyu- Jutsu: Archery swim from shore. Then,
to a position quite far
11. Mojiri-Jutsu: Art of entanglement the archer must draw and shoot both arrows
12. Naginata- Long Halberd at a target.It must be remembered that the

Jutsu: feathers of the arrows must be dry for a perfect

13. Shinobi- Nin-jutsu, the Art of stealth flight. The body must be held steady and even

Jutsu: drawing a bow with both feet on solid ground is

14. Shuriken- Throwing of Daggers difficult enough, let alone swimming in deep

Jutsu: water.
15. So-Jutsu: The long spear One of the most colorful demonstrations of the
16. Suiei- Jutsu: The Art of swimming with ancient art ofswimming was performed by the
an armor Yamanouchi Ryu; this is called the Reiki and
17. Tanto-Jutsu: Use of the dagger the Ohbata-Okiwatari. When need arose where
18. Torite- Jutsu: Art of Roping the banner of a clan was required to be carried
One of the martial arts which is considered through water, the swimmers were given long
to be one of the oldest is Suiei- Jutsu, the art of poles with banners attached to a small yard-arm.
swimming. Even in records dating back to the He swam using powerful leg drive to carry the
ancient times, many myths on this particular enemy.
colors to the
martial art are found. Swimming became an es- Although the martial arts of spear (So-jutsu)
sential part of the military arts and was adapted and long halberd (Naginata-jutsu) may appear
for warfare in the rivers, seas and lakes. Swim- to be less exciting, there is no doubt about their
ming was a natural art for the island-bound Ja- usefulness during the feudal time. One of the
panese. earliest Japanese spears, which is preserved to-
During the Tokugawa period ( 1 603- 1 867 A.D. day, dates back to the time of Emperor Shomu

62
Copyrighted material
(724-749 A.D.). Various types of blades were
used for the spears; however, records shows that
spears proved unsatisfactory in battles and in
some duels.
During the Kamakura period (1192-1336
A.D.) a need for defense and attack against the
swordsmen resulted in development of formi-
dable Naginata schools. This weapon was ex-
A fight between a swordsman and a samurai with a
tensively especially unmounted and in-
used, spear. A warrior skilled with a spear was more than
doors. There some reason to believe that the
is a match for a stvordsman.
15-foot pole was the favorite weapon of Lord
Yoshitsune Minamoto's most faithful vassel,
Benkei. The long curved blade at the end of the
pole made the weapon feared. It is believed that
the introduction of protective armor for the legs
and at the base of the chest armor resulted from
the development of the Naginata as a fighting
weapon.
Because of its length and its fearsome power,
Naginata was used to arm the women guarding
the household. A woman of the samurai class
trained with a Naginata as her weapon could
hold off an attack by a swordsman. Even today,
a woman trained with a Naginata can generally
defeat a good kendoist. A man armed with the 15
foot pole is the fastest of all martial art fighters,
A battle of the spear-lances. Spears were generally
carried by foot soldiers; all parts of the spear was
(to be continued in the next issue) used as a weapon. CToho: "The Hidden Fortress")

A naginata (long halberd) is wield by the woman to

flush an intruder. Women of the samurai class were
skilled and trained in the use of naginata to protect
the household during absence of the men.

Kobori Ryu, "Katchu-Gozen-Oyogi" : a demonstration

of a samurai swimming while fully clad in a helmet
and armor.

Mukai Ryu "Sensu Morogaeshi" : This swimming art

teas developed to master strong river currents.

63
 There is no black belt as such in Kendo. The
JJLm. -M— d± ™ JL^ • (Continued from page 13) beginner's ranks range from 10th to 1st Class
(Kyu) whereas, the advance students or instruc-
;

(tsuka). The tsuka is held three inches from the tors are awarded ranks ranging from 1st Degree
lower edge of the chest armor (do). (Shodan) to 10th Degree (Judan). The highest
The point of the shinai (Sakigawa) is always degree, 10th Degree, is reserved for active mem-
held pointed at the throat protector (tsuki) of the bers of the art; there are only four living 10th
opponent when Chudanno Kamae stance is as- degree (Judan) holders in the world.
sumed. The position of the throat protector is al- Kendo is one of the most fascinating arts in the
ways the center line of the opponent; therefore, world since age, height, weight, sex, or physical
the tip of the shinai should follow this point. condition have little bearing on heights to which a
The Gedan no Kamae is similar; however, the kendoist can advance. Ho can develop specific skills
shinai is lowered. The left foot is always back the ; and techniques within pattern of set movements.
heel about two and one-half inches off the floor. He can build his own character and attitude at a
The hips must be kept level, the shoulders drawn pace compatible with his daily schedule. The train-
back, and the arms must be relaxed. There are ing and patience is for him to choose and follow.
many stances. The Left Stance (Hidari Jodan) is Kendo is a mental as well as phyical activity.
assumed with the left foot leading and the shinai The study and discipline take years to develop. It
fully above the shoulders. The Right Stance (Migi is often said that if one will but study a full year
Jodan) is the reverse; the right food must lead. he will follow Kendo as an active member of a
There are two types of Kendo matches the one : fencing school for many years to come. And, like
point or two-out-of-three points match. Each match the samurai of the bygone days, the kendoists are
last five minutes. A tie results in an additional five working for the future of his country today and
minutes or the first blow or point scored in the for a better tomorrow through an ancient art which
overtime period wins the match. has become a modern sport Kendo.
. . .

THE TECHNIQUES OF

Now
KARATE
available in the United States, authentic Karate technique
movies made under the supervision of the Japan Karate Associa-
tion. These instruction films are invaluable for all serious students
of Karate. Films are 8mm black and white.

Approximately 2y2 hours of viewing on six separate reels.

SERIES 1 Various techniques of SERIES 4 How to perform the Tekki

hands and legs. Calisthen- Form No. 1 • Tekki Form
ics and training methods. No. 2 • Tekki Form No. 3 •
Empi • Jutte • Chinte •
SERIES 2 Techniques of thrusting, Jion.
striking and kicking.
SERIES 5 Intermediate forms Bassai
SERIES 3 Techniques of blocking Dai • Bassai Sho • Gan-
How to perform Heian kaku • Hangetsu.
Form No. 1 • Heian Form
No. 2 • Heian Form No. 3 SERIES 6 Advanced forms Kanku Dai
• Heian Form No. 4 • • Kanku Sho • Nijushiho •

Heian Form No. 5. Sochin • Unsu.

Each Series . $15.00 Complete Set of 6 Series $80.00

Produced By Global Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan and distributedThe United States
in
exclusively by the ALL AMERICA KARATE FEDERATION, An Affiliate of Japan
Karate Association.

Also available —
KARATE SEMINAR in 16mm black and white sound, 2 reels
approx. 2000 ft. Write for literature and prices.
HIDETAKA NISHIYAMA
CHIEF INSTRUCTOR

ALL AMERICA KARATE FEDERATION

An Affiliate of Japan Karate Association
1440 WEST OLYMPIC BLVD., LOS ANGELES 15, CALIF. • Phone 747-1774

64
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 HSK BRAND JUDO SUirs HSK BRAND KARATE SUITS KARATF BOOKS
STURDY 100% COTTON JUDO IBRARY 1
THE WAY OF KARATE By Georfe E. Mattson
AVAILABLE IN BLUE AND WHITE Cat. No KB i Price $5.50
DESIGNED FOR MAXIMUM COMFORT
THE MANUAL OF KARATE By E I Harrison
A superior quality karate uniform is essential to perform and Cal. No 7 E Price $4J»
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Cat Hi. 02 Price $155
suits
THE COMPLETE SEVEN MTU Of JUDO KARATE - VOL 2
KODOKAN RECOMMENDED 100% COTTON ByM KaaaisJti. 7th Dan
By Bruce Teener
Cat tea. Sill Whrti llu* Cat. No. KB
HEAVYWEIGHT- DOUBLE WEAVE Cat. No 10 H Price $3.95
7 Price $1J5
901 No 1 -tumor 15.50 ax KODOKAN JUDO Br
BRUCE TEGNER'S COMPLETE BOOK Of SELF-DEFENCE
The HSK Brand Judo Suit is unsurpassed tor quality The Hikoshi Aida. 8t)i Dan
902 No 2-Small 650 720 Cat No 10 J Price $J« By Bruce Teener
choice ol champions throughout the world, these heavy duty
CatNo.KBlO Price $5J5
903 No 3 -Medium 00 8 20
judo suits are double weave 100% US cotton reinforced at 7
JUDO ON THE CMUNO By E. i. Harrison. 4th Dan
URATE IS MY LIFE By Robert A Trias
the neck, shoulders, armpits, collar, chest and knees Regula 904 No 4-Large MO 920 Cat. No. 10 L Price $3J5
tion AA.U. and Olympic tournament weight and specifications Cat No KB 11 Price $IM
905 No 5-Eitra Large 9.00 10.20 JUDO COMBINATION TECHNIQUES By T. Kaoamura. 7th Dan
Each set includes lacket, pants and while belt
No M THE ART Of -EMPTY HAND" FIGHTING By Hrdetaka Nishryama
Cat. 10 Price $2J5
and Richard Broam
row JUDO TEX RUBBER MATS |
JUNIOR JUDO By E J Harrison. 4th Dan Cat. No. KB I Price: $7 JO
109 No. B -6 years old and under. J10.50 Cat. No 10 N Price SI SO
SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED FOR JUDO KENPO KAJtKTE By Edmond Palter
100 No. A- 7 to 9 year old youngster 1125 RESILIENT- ECONOMICAL JUOO THROWS AND COUNTERS By Eric Dominy KB 6
Cat. No. Price: $10)
• 3 FEET BY 3 FEET BY ONE INCH Cat No 10 0 Price 12.95
101 No 1-9 to 12 year old teenager. 1125 KARATE BY PICTURES By H. D. Plee
We proudly announce the availability of a new rubber mat de- SCIENTIFIC UNARMED COMBAT By R. A Vairamutlu
102 No. 2-Small (125 lbs a.eraie) UJO Cat No KB 9 Price: $3.95
signed and manulactured in (he Cat. No 10 P Price $2.»5
U S specifically lor the sport
103 No 3-Uediom (160 lbs awragel 1125
ol ...do At less than half the price of other types of rubber JUDO WITH AIKIDO By Kenji Tomiki. 7th Dan
KARATE JEWELRY
104 No 4-Laefe (190 lbs. average) 16.75 mats and more economical than the traditional latami mat, Cat No 10 Q Price $3.00 KARATE BELT BUCKIE - Front near ol closed fist

105 No 5- [itra Large (Over 190 lbs) IMS Judo Tei is convenient to slack and store, easy to transport, Cat No KBB Price $2.25
A GUIDE TO JUDO GRAPPLING TECHNIQUES By Dr. T Otiashi
durable and. most important, safe Judo Tei is a closed cell Cat No 10 R CUP- Front
106 No. 6-Super large (Over 225 lb:) MOO Price $2.50 KARATE TIE «ie« ol closed list
rubber product available on one square yard mats that are ex-
MT STUDY OT IUDO By G Koizumi. 7th Dan Cat. No KAT Price $li»*
CHAMPION BRAND JUDO SUITS ceptionally resilient on either

canvas tarp n ill

wooden
you need to complete your practice area
or concrete floors

in
A
Cat. No. 7 A Price $4J5 KARATE KETCHAIN-Apracticalfift.
KODOKAN RECOMMENDED BUDGET PRICES your gym, school or home Prompt shipment. Two mats are THE MECHANICS OF IUDO By Robert Blanchard Cat. No KAK Price $li5
SUMMER WEIGHT— SINGLE WEAVE equivalent to one judo tatami. Cat. No. 7 C Pnce $3.7!
AIKIDO BOOKS
Styled and manufactured by HSK.. the Champion brand judo Cat No 950 Judo Tex $11.00 per mat (1 so. yd JUOO: BEGINNER TO BLACK BELT By Eric Dominy

jacket is 65% rayon and 35% cotton Pants and belt are
ft,tm f 0 Sm fmtm* Cal. No. 7 H Pnce CM AIKIDO By Master Tohei
Cat No. 7 0 Price $SJ0
100% cotlon. Each set includes jacket, pants and white belt JUDO TATAMI MATS CONTEST JUDO By Charles Verkm
what IS AIKIDO? By Master Tohei
Cat. No 7 N Price $4.55
Cjl N« S.j. Price
KODOKAN REGULATION MATS IMPORTED Cat No. 7 R Price $2.95
BOYS' JUDO By Harold E. Sharp
201 No 1-Jumor (Under 110 lbs) S 9 25 RICE STRAW CONSTRUCTION JUDO WITH AIKIDO By
Cat. No. 71 Price (1.50 Kenji Tomiki
202 No. 2-Small (125 lbs. average) 11.00 Authentic judo mats imported lor the sport of judo Hand made Cat No 10
MANUAL OF JUDO By E. Harrison
Q Price S100
J.

203 No. 3-Nedium 12.00 by craftsmen of the Orient Available in plain surface or plastic
( 160 lbs average)
covered All tatamis are 3 leet by 6 feel by inches thick
Cat- No. 10 K Price 8.50 SELF DEFENSE ACCESSORIES
\

204 No 4-Large (190 lbs average) 13.00 MY METHOD Of JUDO By M Ka»aishi KENDO SHINAI - Bamboo practice swords (46 inches)
Cat No 700 Plain Rice Straw Judo Tatami Mat 124.00 per mat
205 No 5-Citra Large (Over 190 lbs 14.00 Cat No. 7 0 Price S3.S5 Cat No HAS Price $5 00
Cat No 777 Plastic Covered Judo Tatami Mat 127.00 per mat
P»CM » 0 I. lata f'lM.MO MY METHOD OF SELF DEFENCE By M KJMM POLICE STICKS- Bamboo sell delense batons (24 inches)

I HSK BRAND JUDO PANTS Cat No 7 P Price $3.95 Cat No KAP Price $2-50

KENDO BOKUTO - White Oak kendo snord (39 inches)

100% COTTON QUALITY WORKMANSHIP JUDO NOREN CURTAIN THE HANDBOOK Of JUDO By Gene Le Bell ( L C Cou|hran
CalNo KAB Price $3J0
Quality construction. 100% cotton, doubly reinforced at the Cat.No 10 S Price $3.H
SHORT BOKUTO - White Oak kendo daEier ( 2 inches)
knees and all edges are hemmed and double stitched for Noren curtains from Old Japan with a judo design Traditional
JU JITSU SElf OEfENSE FOR TEEN AGERS By Robert Uchello Cat No KAD Ptice$lJS
eitra strength noren "goodwill" curtains have hung over doors of Japanese
Cat No 7-R Price $3JS
Cat No. Sin rnu shops lor centuries. Dress up your den, dojo or oflice wild this
POLICE JU JITSU By James Moynahan. Jr.

301 No 1-Junior (Under 110 lbs) S 2.10

sign of welcome and hospitality. Cat No 7 S Price $4.50

302 No 2-Small (125 lbs average) 2.50 Cat No CBL Price: SIM SELECTED BOOKS THAT ARC AUTHOPITATIVf
COMPREHENSIVE ILLUSTRATED
303 No 3-Medium (160 2 80

304 No 4-Large (190 lbs

lbs average)

average) 3.20 JUDO CLUB EMBLEMS

HIM
ILLUSTRATED kOttttAJI SUM
Cat No

Cat No IO C
10S Price

Price:
IIS.M
SI! 00
^H*^^
GIR • IDEAL
-

>
THE ORIGINAL JUDO BAG
USEFUL AND PRACTICAL
305 No 5-Eitra Large (Over 190 lbs) 350 Our quality emblems are made to your specifications as to CANON OF RIM Cal Na 10 C Prica: SI MB Deuced eidusnely for iudo. the Gi Sk hti been one ol ttw
design, colors, sin and lettering Send us a sample drawing m SPORT Of «M Cal Na 10 A Price: SJ CO most popular items featured by Judo International. It n made
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Available in white, yellow, purple, green, brown and black
you A deposit of $500 is required for each sample requested THE SiCtETS OF JUOO Cat Na. 10-0 Price: H.7I
which emblem eitra l«rfe An outside pocket conveniently holds slippers or
Please remember to specify color and sue
will be credited toward the placement of an ... . edtioa: Cat Na. 100P. Price ti n a damp towel
order
contest judo 10 racism meows ci n. t k ma. ss no

Ha. 1 No 2 Na. J No. 4 No S KODOKAN OFFICIAL JUDO TTUININS METHODS Cat. No 71 Price: SS SO
Cat No JB? Small Gi Sac frict U OC*
>U-
luflw im*H Mo««M Urjt iria Cat. No. JB1 Uric Gi Sac Price HM*
Length 79' 88' 94" 98' 104'
ACCESSORIES JUDO JEWELRY HAT II IUDO ' Cal. No 10F Prica: SI rc
Cat. No JBO Ei L| Gi Sac Pnce 15.00*
A COMPini GUIDE TO iUDO Cal No IO C Price ss.es M8% fiaiWoit tMf Tea aeaaje»l tj> as^djetat
Ltvit KovSoUn lap*! Pin Sm.ll Kodokan Lip.l Pin
Cat. No Ml 502 503 5W 505 £mol«m THE FWKTINC SPIRIT Of JAPAN N
Price $1.50 $1.60 1 1.75 $200 12.25
Cat No KL-1
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$ .40* Cat. No
St«-

K
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Prka: MM HOW TO ORDER

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Cat No KC A sr so* Cat. No. KT B {US' THE MANUAL OF JUDO By
Ladies' belts are only available in purple, green. rown and E. J. Harrison
color and unit price.
black Cal No 7 CP P- re 00
in three sires All belts have white stripe r nmng the Kodok*n Bell Buckle a ,
| - BltCklO $.1

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Cat No KB H $2.25 Cat No. X F $2.00 include 10% Federal eicise tax
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lira Ho Z - Small N*.J.Ht6iMn Na. 4-Urft
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JUDO FOR GIRLS By E J. Harrison
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Cat No 602 603 604
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SECRETS Of JUDO By Watanabe ( Aaakian purchase. C O D. fees and postaie mil be included.
Price 12.15 12.30 Kodokan Bolt Buck!* KodoJun Bola Tif
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V W Cat No. KTE

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INTERNATIONAL
to ideal gilt or award for the iudo enthusiast Cat No IMC $|.7S Cat No JMK
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Cat No JTI Seoinage-4" tall Price 54 PC Squart modal with
Cat No IT2 Osologari-4" tudO fifU'tl
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Cat. No. JMS
Cat No ITS Se»na|t-3~ tall Price: 11.S0 *lo% T« MBJ k. ...^
 SCROLLS FOR HOME OR DOJO
Specially made scrolls to decorate the walls of homes or dojos
is nowin the works and will be available soon! The scroll will
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in
AND JU-JITSU. Available in black and white only. Please
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BLACK BELT COVER PHOTO

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