Instruction Manual

Vibrameter VIB-11B

SPM Instrument AB • Box 504 • SE-645 25 Strängnäs • Sweden Technical data are subject to change without notice.
Tel +46 152 22500 • Fax +46 152 15075 • info@spminstrument.se • www.spminstrument.com © Copyright SPM 2003-10. 71679 Z
 1

Vibration Monitoring
Instruction Manual for
Vibrameter VIB-11B

Contents
Introduction ........................................................................................ 2
Vibration ............................................................................................. 3
Measurement ...................................................................................... 4
Measure Acceleration - Display Velocity ............................................ 5
Machine Classes ................................................................................. 6
Measuring Points ................................................................................ 7
Recording of Readings ....................................................................... 8
Follow-up Form .................................................................................. 9
Measuring Equipment ...................................................................... 10
Transducer Mounting ....................................................................... 10
Hand-held Probe .............................................................................. 11
Taking Readings ............................................................................... 11
Changing Batteries ........................................................................... 11
Maintenance Based on Vibration Records ....................................... 12
Fault Analysis Chart .......................................................................... 13
Technical Specifications, Part Numbers .......................................... 14
Definition of Machine Classes According to ISO 2372 .................... 15

SPM Instrument AB • Box 4 • SE-645 21 Strängnäs • Sweden Technical data are subject to change without notice.
Tel +46 152 22500 • Fax +46 152 15075 • info@spminstrument.se • www.spminstrument.com ISO 9001 certified. © Copyright SPM 2003-10. 71679.Z
 2

Condition Based Maintenance

Condition Based Maintenance is by now a widely accepted concept in industry. The idea is simple and not
exactly new: keep plant machinery in good working condition by locating and repairing minor faults
before they grow large enough to cause expensive breakdowns and production stops.

The problem is to assess machine condition and detect a slow deterioration long before a piece of plant
grinds to a shuddering halt. In the past, a skilled operator could do this largely without the help of
instruments, by listening, touching, smelling. Modern machinery is often unattended, soundproofed, out
of easy reach. It rotates faster and is less massively constructed, which means that even a minor
deterioration of its working condition can have very serious consequences. Therefore personal skill and
subjective judgement have to be supported by monitoring systems and instrument readings.

Vibration Monitoring
Vibration monitoring is a very useful method for an overall assessment of machine condition. Changes in
the vibration level always imply changes in the operating condition. Excessive vibration has basically three
causes: something is loose, misaligned or out of balance. These three causes cover virtually all possible
mechanical faults.

Moreover, the assessment of machine vibration has been much simplified by international standards which
define the acceptable vibration level for a given type of machine and recommend monitoring methods
suitable for industrial purposes.

A Maintenance Tool
Effective Condition Based Maintenance requires economical and simple monitoring methods which can be
applied by maintenance personnel without special training. Their primary task is to locate trouble spots
early and direct the efforts of the maintenance crews to the right place at the right time. Fault analysis and
repairs are a secondary step which may require expert knowledge and a different type of instrumentation.

SPM vibration monitoring equipment is designed as a maintenance aid. In accordance with the interna-
tional standards, it measures vibration severity over a large frequency range. It allows a practical
classification of machine condition in relative terms: good, acceptable, just tolerable or bad. Regular
measurements will also show the development trend of the vibration level and thus the urgency of the
maintenance problem: stable condition, slow deterioration or fast deterioration.

Measurements can be carried out in various ways; either periodical readings with portable equipment
(Vibrameter VIB-11B), or continuous monitoring of preset limit values (Machine Guard MG4 or CMM
System). This manual gives an introduction to vibration monitoring and describes condition assessment
and basic fault analysis with SPM Vibrameter VIB-11B.

Measuring Units
ISO Recommendations use metric units (mm/s RMS) for measuring vibration severity. In this manual, all
metric units have been converted to inches /1 in = 2.54 mm / 1 mm = 0.03937 in). A metric version (VIB-10)
is available, together with an instruction manual (71678 B) and follow-up forms (VIC-11) with metric tables.

SPM Instrument AB • Box 4 • SE-645 21 Strängnäs • Sweden Technical data are subject to change without notice.
Tel +46 152 22500 • Fax +46 152 15075 • info@spminstrument.se • www.spminstrument.com ISO 9001 certified. © Copyright SPM 2003-10. 71679.Z
 3

Vibration
In every moving machine, part of the force that makes
it work acts on the machine itself. Since no structure
or machine is perfectly rigid, any force acting on it will
cause slight movements.

The forces causing movement are usually cyclic, that

is they operate regularly first in one direction and
then in another. They can act in two main directions,
like the up and down forces associated with piston
engines, or they can rotate with the shaft, like out of
balance forces on a fan. They move the machine back
and forth from its rest position: the machine vibrates.

Up to a degree, vibration is tolerated because it sim-

ply cannot be avoided. Machines are designed to
withstand a “normal“ amount of vibration for a long
period of time. To assess the condition of any particu-
lar piece of plant, one has to determine its “normal“
vibration level, then measure the actual amount and
type of vibration and compare the two values.

To decide what is normal one has to consider

· the function of the machine and the forces
involved
· the rigidity of the machine structure

A large diesel engine vibrates more than a small elec-

tric motor - the forces involved are very different.

More force is needed to vibrate a machine on a stiff

concrete foundation than it takes to shake the same
machine on a flexible metal frame. The machine struc-
tures are different and so are their normal vibration
levels.

Due to changes in the operating conditions and the

mechanical state of machines, vibration levels are sub-
ject to gradual or sudden changes. Loose fixing bolts
or excessive bearing play will make the structure less
rigid - vibration will increase. A growing soot layer on
the impeller blades of an exhaust fan adds to the out
of balance forces. Vibration will increase above the
normal level and show that the machine is getting
worse. Usually the deterioration accelerates: heavier
vibration will further weaken the structure which in
turn will raise the vibration level.

SPM Instrument AB • Box 4 • SE-645 21 Strängnäs • Sweden Technical data are subject to change without notice.
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 4

Measurement
If a fan is out of balance, it will shake at its speed of
rotation, i.e. move backwards and forwards once per
revolution. The number of vibrations per time unit is
the vibration frequency, measured in Hz (Hertz =
cycles per second).
Frequency
The rotational speed of any piece of plant is known as
its fundamental frequency. For a fan with a speed of Hz
1 500 r.p.m. the fundamental frequency is 25 Hz (1
500 r.p.m. ÷ 60).

In practice, machine vibration usually consists of many

different frequency components. For a general as-
sessment of machine condition one uses wide fre-
quency band measurements, that is all vibrations
within a large frequency range are measured simulta-
neously.

Displacement
mil
Cyclic movement can be measured and described in
three different ways, as
· displacement
· acceleration
· velocity

Displacement means the actual distance the object

moves, measured either from its rest position in one
direction (peak) or as the total movement in both
directions (peak to peak). Displacement is usually meas-
Acceleration
ured in mils.
g
A part that is moving from rest, speeding up, slowing
down and stopping twice per cycle is obviously accel-
erating and decelerating continuously. Acceleration is
measured in g (1 g = 32.17 ft/sec2).

The third measuring parameter is the speed at which

the object moves, the vibration velocity. Velocity is
expressed in in/sec.

Both acceleration and speed are constantly changing.

One can measure a peak value of either, but a mean Velocity
value often gives a better indication of the forces in/s
involved in the movement. Most instruments measure
the RMS value (root mean square value) of the move-
ment and use a scaling factor to indicate the peak
levels if they are given at all.

SPM Instrument AB • Box 4 • SE-645 21 Strängnäs • Sweden Technical data are subject to change without notice.
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 5

Measure Acceleration - Display Velocity

All three vibration parameters - displacement, accel-
eration, velocity - are mathematically related. One
can, for example, place an accelerometer on a vibrat-
ing surface and convert its signal, via integrating cir-
Accelerometer
cuitry in the measuring instrument, into a reading of
vibration velocity or displacement.

The choice of displayed parameter (the instrument

reading) and measured parameter (the transducer type
used) depends on the problem to be solved and on
the cost, the complexity and the reliability of the
measuring equipment.

Integrator

Experience has shown, that the RMS level of vibration

velocity, measured over a frequency range of 10 to
1000 Hz, is most useful for general assessment of
machine condition. The technical term used is vibra-
tion severity, defined as above and displayed in in/s
RMS on the instrument. Vibration severity is directly
related to the energy level of machine vibration, and
thus a good indicator of the destructive forces acting
on the machine.

There are transducers which measure velocity directly,

i.e. seismic probes with either moving coils or moving
magnets. These transducers are normally bulky, easily in/s
damaged and expensive to manufacture. They are
therefore gradually being replaced by accelerometers.
RMS
An accelerometer is basically a piezo electric crystal (a
crystal that develops an electric charge when it is
compressed or stretched) with a small reference mass
attached. As the transducer is moved back and forth, Piezo electric accelerometer
the reference mass compresses and stretches the crys-
tal and the transducer gives an output directly related
to acceleration. Piezo electric
crystal
Piezo electric accelerometers are small, very robust
and relatively cheap to produce. They can work over a Housing
very large frequency range. They can be mounted on
machines, held by hand against a vibrating surface or Mass
be temporarily attached by wax or magnets. That is
why most practical measuring systems now use an Base
accelerometer as the transducer and an integrator
within the instrument to give a display in terms of Output
velocity.

SPM Instrument AB • Box 4 • SE-645 21 Strängnäs • Sweden Technical data are subject to change without notice.
Tel +46 152 22500 • Fax +46 152 15075 • info@spminstrument.se • www.spminstrument.com ISO 9001 certified. © Copyright SPM 2003-10. 71679.Z
 6

Machine Classes
To assess machine condition, the vibration severity
measured on a specific piece of plant has to be com-
pared with a representative norm value.

The international standards group industrial machin-

ery into six different vibration classes , depending on
· machine size and function
· stiffness of foundation

For each class, the standards give vibration severity

levels in four bands, ranging from very good condi-
tion through average and poor to bad. Provided that
the correct class is chosen, the instrument reading Limits Class Class Class Class
can be directly related to machine condition.

Most industrial plants belong to vibration classes II, III

and IV.

Class I refers to independent parts of machines, for

example electric motors up to 15 kW.

Classes V and VI are used for heavy reciprocating

prime movers and machines which are intended to
vibrate - for example vibrating screens (see Appendix
page 15 for precise definitions).

Motor power and types (electric, turbine, diesel), ma-

chine size and foundation stiffness (concrete base,
metal frame, etc.) will give a first indication of ma-
chine class. For example, most smaller process pumps
on a chemical plant would be Class II. A 100 kW
ventilation fan on a concrete base would be Class III.
However, the same fan fastened to the less rigid in/s RMS
metal deck of a ship could be considered as Class IV.

Classification of machinery is largely a matter of expe-

rience because the definitions provided by the stand-
ards are deliberately loose. Manufacturers should be
II Medium size machines
able to specify acceptable vibration levels for their without special foundations
equipment, and their information can be used as a
reference.
III Large machines on rigid
Similarly, if it is reasonably sure that a machine is in foundations
good condition, the actual vibration reading can be
used as a starting point for the assessment of future
changes. IV Large machines on soft
foundations

SPM Instrument AB • Box 4 • SE-645 21 Strängnäs • Sweden Technical data are subject to change without notice.
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 7

Measuring Points
Vibration at the measuring point should be repre-
sentative of the overall vibration pattern of the ma-
chine. The forces involved are usually transmitted
through the bearings and their housings to the ma-
chine foundation. Consequently measuring points
should be located on or near the bearing housings.

Machine guards, cover panels and other parts which

are considerably less stiff than the main structure are
not suitable as measuring points.

Generally speaking, the more measuring points cho-

sen, the easier it is to locate a specific mechanical
problem. Consider a fan, belt driven from an electric
motor. Measurements taken on the fan bearing (3)
will primarily give information on fan balance. If out of
balance is the only problem to guard against, measur-
ing on that bearing will be sufficient. To be able to
make an adequate assessment of the mechanical state
of the whole machine, one should also measure on
the drive end bearing (2) and the motor (1). Radial vibration

The direction of measurement is very important. Out

of balance forces rotate with the shaft and cause
radial vibration acting in all directions within the plane
of rotation.

Axial vibration, along the line of the shaft, is normally

caused by faulty alignment, i.e. badly assembled cou-
plings or bent shafts.

Normal practice is to take vibration readings in three

directions at each measuring point: vertical (V), hori-
zontal (H) and axial (A). Of the two radial measure-
ments, a reading in the vertical direction tends to give
information about structural weakness, whereas the
horizontal reading is most representative of balance Axial vibration
conditions.

The measuring point, meaning the exact spot on the

machine where the transducer is placed, should be
clearly marked and used each time a reading is taken.
Relatively small changes in the measuring point can
cause misleading changes in the measured value and
trend analysis difficult.

SPM Instrument AB • Box 4 • SE-645 21 Strängnäs • Sweden Technical data are subject to change without notice.
Tel +46 152 22500 • Fax +46 152 15075 • info@spminstrument.se • www.spminstrument.com ISO 9001 certified. © Copyright SPM 2003-10. 71679.Z
 8

Recording of Readings
The SPM follow-up form provides space for readings
in all three directions at up to four different points, Preparation
which should adequately cover most industrial ma- 1 Record chart number
chines. Experience will soon show which of the points 2 Machine designation, number and
and directions provide the most useful information location
for diagnosing a specific problem on any particular
3 Machine class
piece of plant.
4 Machine sketch with numbered
In the case of a furnace extract fan (example oppo- measuring points
site), three measuring points should be sufficient. With
5 Vibration class and levels (cross out
this type of machine, the usual problem is out of
figures which do not apply)
balance caused by soot on the impeller blades. That
6 Directives for maintenance
makes the vibrations measured in the horizontal di-
rection at point 3 most significant. General directives 7 Number of measuring point and
for maintenance (6) should be based on the readings direction plotted on chart
at that point. 8 H = horizontal, V = vertical, A = axial

A graph (11) is the best way to show clearly all signifi-

Measurements
cant changes of the vibration level. To keep the form 9 Date of measurement
simple, draw only the graph for the most significant 10 Measured value in three directions
direction (7), normally that giving the highest read- 11 Plotted value of main direction
ings.

In the example, the extra space (17) was used for a

second graph for the important point 3, in order to Machine Condition
show the axial vibration trend as well.
12 dark red – bad condition

13 pale red – just tolerable

There are no general rules about how often vibration
should be measured. The intervals between readings 14 pale green – acceptable
- a day, a week, perhaps a whole month - depend
wholly on the individual machine, its work, its impor- 15 dark green – good condition
tance for the plant and on the rate of change in its
vibration level. Obviously an exhaust fan with a soot
problem will need more frequent surveillance than a Chart Modification
fresh air fan, but only practical experience can help to 16 Other machine classes and their
determine the optimal number of checks per month. respective vibration levels:

I V VI
If the form is to be used for machines class I, V or VI, 0.43 2,80 4.33
0.28 1.77 2.80 bad
fill in the relevant vibration levels under (16). Note
that the condition bands (12-15) only apply if the 0.18 1.10 1.77
machine is classed correctly. 0.11 0.71 1.10 tolerable
0.07 0.43 0.71
0.04 0.28 0.43 acceptable
0.03 0.18 0.28
0.02 0.11 0.18 good
0.01 0.07 0.11

SPM Instrument AB • Box 4 • SE-645 21 Strängnäs • Sweden Technical data are subject to change without notice.
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 9

VIC-12

SPM Instrument AB • Box 4 • SE-645 21 Strängnäs • Sweden Technical data are subject to change without notice.
Tel +46 152 22500 • Fax +46 152 15075 • info@spminstrument.se • www.spminstrument.com ISO 9001 certified. © Copyright SPM 2003-10. 71679.Z
 10

Measuring Equipment
The SPM equipment for manual vibration monitoring
consists of:
• Vibrameter VIB-11B
VIB-11B 46044
• Measuring cable 46044 (46045) 46045
• Vibration transducer TRV-23 (TRV-22)
• TRX-16, Magnetic base for TRV-22
• TRX-17, Probe for TRV-22.

Follow-up forms can be supplied in pads of 25 each

(ordering number VIC-12).

TRV-22/23

TRX-17
TRX-16

Transducer Mounting Main sensitivity axis

The accuracy of vibration readings depends largely

on the connection between transducer and measur-
ing point. Only stiff connections, by magnet, screw or
cement, will allow the transducer to accurately follow
the movements of the vibrating surface.

Magnetic Mounting ø 27
The vibration transducer is normally mounted on the
machine with the magnetic base.

Attach the transducer to a smooth, flat surface, with

the main sensitivity axis pointing in the desired meas- 17
uring direction. Spot-face the contact surface if nec-
essary. The magnetic base has a diameter of 27.5 mm.
ø 27.5

Screw Mounting
41.5

Cable
clamp
Screw mounting is the best alternative where the
magnetic base cannot be used. Prepare threaded
mounting holes as shown in the figure.
9

TRV-23 has thread size UNF 1/4"-28 and TRV-22 has t

TRV-22: t = M8
M8. The transducers are delivered with three washers ø 15 TRV-23: t = UNF 1/4" -28
for adjusting the connector angle. Each washer turns
the transducer 90°.

If the vibration transducer is to be permanently

mounted on the machine, secure the low noise coaxial ø 6.9 min. 16 M8
cable with a clamp close to the connector (see figure). (ø 5.5) (UNF
1/4" -28)
For installations in moist environments, use sealing
min. 10
min. 12

max. 0.7

TNC cable plugs SPM 13008 to prevent cable corro-

sion.

SPM Instrument AB • Box 4 • SE-645 21 Strängnäs • Sweden Technical data are subject to change without notice.
Tel +46 152 22500 • Fax +46 152 15075 • info@spminstrument.se • www.spminstrument.com ISO 9001 certified. © Copyright SPM 2003-10. 71679.Z
 11

Hand-held Probe
With the probe TRX-17 attached, the vibration trans-
ducer can be used as a hand-held probe. The probe
can be fastened directly to the transducer TRV-22.

Hand-held probes are widely used for quick vibration

surveys. The advantages are obvious - there is no
need to prepare measuring points. Note, however,
that the overall stiffness is poor, which can give gross
measuring errors. Using a hand-held probe requires
practice and repeatable results cannot be guaran-
teed.

Taking Readings
Connect the transducer to Vibrameter VIB-11 with the
measuring cable. Attach the transducer to the meas-
uring point.

Press the button below the display window and hold

it down. Wait for the readout to stabilize. Read and
record the result.

To switch off the instrument, release the button.

If the display shows "OFL", the instrument has an

overflow, caused by signals above the masuring range.

Changing Batteries
The display will show "Lob" when the battery voltage
is getting low.

Use a coin to give both locks of the battery compart-

ments a quarter turn to the right or left. Insert new
batteries as shown on the back of the instrument.

Use only alkaline battery cells, 1.5 V, for example MN

1500 or UCAR E91. Leaking batteries can destroy the
instrument. Remove the batteries before storing the
vibrameter for long periods.

SPM Instrument AB • Box 4 • SE-645 21 Strängnäs • Sweden Technical data are subject to change without notice.
Tel +46 152 22500 • Fax +46 152 15075 • info@spminstrument.se • www.spminstrument.com ISO 9001 certified. © Copyright SPM 2003-10. 71679.Z
 12

Maintenance Based on Vibration Records

Vibration severity Breakdown

Vibration
+ 4 steps
Measurement (Shutdown)
Effect repairs
+ 3 steps Report dangerous increase
Plan major
overhaul
+ 2 steps Report large increase
Inspection
minor repairs
+ 1 step Report change
Routine
maintenance Maintenance
Normal (lubrication, etc.) Activities

The purpose of regular vibration measurements is to sents a 1.6 times increase (decrease) from the previ-
collect data for “condition based maintenance“, i.e. ous reading or, if the change is gradual, from the
maintenance carried out whenever condition meas- original norm value.
urements indicate a need for action. For maintenance, it is a first warning that machine
To be able to plan ahead and work efficiently, a main- condition is getting worse. At this stage, tightening a
tenance department needs regular and easily inter- few bolts or adjusting a belt may be sufficient to get
preted information on all significant changes in ma- rid of the excess vibration and prevent further dete-
chine condition. rioration.

The flow chart opposite provides general rules for the Each condition band consists of two steps. An in-
interpretation of vibration data. The diagram above crease from a starting point in the “good“ range to a
shows an example of how maintenance information corresponding point in the next range means that
can be reduced to a few simple facts, which are passed vibration has gone up 2.5 times. A large change like
easily through one department to another. that should be investigated, even though the vibra-
tion level is still “acceptable“.
Establish Norm Values
Reporting changes in step is the simplest way of indi-
Usually, when vibration measurements start, the ma-
cating the extent and urgency of a maintenance prob-
chine is in good condition. If its vibration class is
lem. If needed, the supporting figures are on record.
correctly chosen, the initial readings taken after a
Moreover, the method is flexible. As experience in-
running-in period should be in the “good“ or “accept-
creases, individual alarm levels and in-house limits can
able“ range. Record these values and use them as a
be easily marked on the recording forms.
standard of reference for this particular machine.
Provided the vibration level at all measuring points Basic Fault Analysis
remains stable, the subsequent readings are a matter It should be clearly understood that Vibrameter VIB-
of routine. Small fluctuations of the values on the 11 is not intended to supply data for detailed fault
follow-up forms are to be expected. They will hardly analysis. However, readings from several measuring
show up on the graphs and the actual figures are points in three directions can usually give a good
unimportant from a maintenance point of view. indication of the nature and location of the mainte-
nance problem. Again, the flow chart may serve as a
Report Significant Changes general guide.
A one step change in the vibration level is generally
Notice where on the machine and in what direction
regarded as significant and should be reported. One
the measured value changes most. A simple report
step is the space between two lines on the follow-up
(“motor bearing, up two steps, axial + radial“) gives a
form. For all machine classes at any level, it repre-
repair crew a starting point and can save them a lot of
trouble.
SPM Instrument AB • Box 4 • SE-645 21 Strängnäs • Sweden Technical data are subject to change without notice.
Tel +46 152 22500 • Fax +46 152 15075 • info@spminstrument.se • www.spminstrument.com ISO 9001 certified. © Copyright SPM 2003-10. 71679.Z
 13

Fault Analysis Chart

Time Schedule Machine Class Measuring Point

Measure Vibration Severity

Recent maintenance, machine off load or stopped.

Change Measuring fault.

No
Decrease
change Something broken, loose, or missing.
?

Treat large unexplained decrease like large

Record results. Increase increase. Investigate soonest.

Measure again
according to
schedule.
How Direc-
Mainly Slow build-up of
much < 1 step tion
radial dirt.
? ?
Steady wear,
corrosion.
> 1 step Axial Stretched or
+ radial slipping belts.

Slack mounting bolts,

Part of Where All over loose frame parts, Plan to maintain
machine ? machine etc. when vibration
increases 2 steps
Coupling wearing or above new or
stiffening. good level.
Radial and axial: Mainly radial: Failed fan blades,
loss of balance weights, Gear tooth wear.
Slack or sheared shedding of dirt. Oil film
mounting bolts. hysteresis whirls, excessive
Damaged machine bearing play. One step on the chart below (any class at any
feet, bent or level) represents a 1.6 times increase from
Radial and axial: Changes in previous value.
damaged subframes foundation or support structure
or supports. causing serious misalignment or Each condition band (= 2 steps) represents a
Faulty alignment, looseness. Bent or fractured 2.5 times increase, i.e. a significant change in
bent or cracked shafts. Critical speed and other vibration severity.
shaft. resonances. 3 steps up is a fourfold increase, an alarming
Gear tooth damage. Small machines: Possibly change demanding immediate action.
transmitted vibration from
larger machines. Class Class Class Class Class Class mm/s
Limits
RMS

Vibration up 2 steps from original or good level:

Plan to maintain, measure more frequently.

Vibration up 3 steps:
Inspect and maintain as soon as possible,
measure daily.

Vibration up 4 steps or more:

Shut down immediately and investigate.
1 step

SPM Instrument AB • Box 4 • SE-645 21 Strängnäs • Sweden Technical data are subject to change without notice.
Tel +46 152 22500 • Fax +46 152 15075 • info@spminstrument.se • www.spminstrument.com ISO 9001 certified. © Copyright SPM 2003-10. 71679.Z
 14

Technical Specifications

VIB-11B 46044
46045 81030
81031 81027

81057

TRV-22
TRV-23
VIC-11
TRX-16 TRX-17 VIC-12

Vibrameter VIB-11B Vibration Transducer TRV-22/23

Measuring range 0.01 to 3.93 in/s RMS, Nominal sensitivity, main axis 10 pC/m/s2
10 to 1000 Hz (7-12 pC/m/s2 )
Resolution 0.01 in/s (0.1 mm/s) Transverse sensitivity max. 10%
Accuracy 2% ± 0.02 in/s (2% ± 0.2 mm/s) Typical base strain sensitivity 0.01 m/s2/µ
Power supply Four 1.5 V alkaline cells Linear frequency range 0 to 5000 Hz
(e.g. MN 1500 or UCAR E91) Max. peak acceleration 600 m/s2
Temperature range 32 to 131 °F (0 to +55 °C) Temperature range -30° C to +150° C
Display 3 digits, red LED (-22° F to +302° F)
Switch-off Automatic Typical temperature drift 0.25% / °C
Protective cover Polyurethane Casing Stainless, acid proof,
Dimensions 8.3" x 2.9" x 1.2" steel, AISI 316, sealed
(210 x 75 x 30 mm) Dimensions diam. 27.5 x 45 mm
Weight 14 oz (410 grams) incl. batteries Weight 171 grams (6 oz)
Connector type TNC Connector type TNC
Torque limit 10 Nm (7.4 lbf/ ft)

Part Numbers Tools

VIB-11B Vibrameter in/s, incl.battery cells 81027 Holder for counterbore
TRV-22 Vibration transducer, M8
81057 Counterbore, diam. 20 mm
TRV-23 Vibration transducer, UNF 1/4"-28
81030 Pilot, UNF 1/4" (TRV-23)
TRX-16 Magnetic base for transducer TRV-22
81031 Pilot, M8 (TRV-22)
TRX-17 Probe for transducer TRV-22
46044 Measuring cable with connectors, 1.5 m
46045 Measuring cable with sealing TNC plug,
1.5 m
Literature
VIC-12 Follow-up forms in/s, pad of 25
70977 B
VIC-13 Follow-up forms, balancing, pad of 25
Balancing with VIB-10/VIB-11

SPM Instrument AB • Box 4 • SE-645 21 Strängnäs • Sweden Technical data are subject to change without notice.
Tel +46 152 22500 • Fax +46 152 15075 • info@spminstrument.se • www.spminstrument.com ISO 9001 certified. © Copyright SPM 2003-10. 71679.Z
 15

Definition of Machine Classes According to ISO 2372

The following text is a quotation from ISO 2372 (1974, E, page 6, Annex A). This ISO Recommendation has also
been published as British Standard (BS 4675, part I). A similar vibration classification of industrial machinery can
be found in VDI 2056.

In order to show how the recommended method of Class IV

classification may be applied, examples of specific
Large prime movers and other large machines with
classes of machines are given below. It should be em-
rotating masses on foundations which are relatively
phasized, however, that they are simply examples
soft in the direction of vibration measurement (for
and it is recognized that other classifications are pos-
example turbogenerator sets, especially those with
sible and may be substituted in accordance with the
lightweight substructures).
circum-stances concerned. As and when circumstances
permit, recommendations for acceptable levels of vi-
bration severity for particular types of machines will
be prepared. At present, experience suggests that Class V
the following classes are appropriate for most appli- Machines and mechanical drive systems with unbal-
cations. anceable inertia effects (due to reciprocating parts),
mounted on foundations which are relatively stiff in
the direction of vibration measurement.
Class I
Individual parts of engines and machines, integrally
connected with the complete machine in its normal Class VI
operating condition. (Production electrical motors of
Machines and mechanical drive systems with unbal-
up to 15 kW are typical examples of machines in this
anceable inertia effects (due to reciprocating parts),
category.)
mounted on foundations which are relatively soft in
the direction of vibration measurements; machines
with rotating slackcoupled masses such as beater
Class II shafts in grinding mills; machines, like centrifugal ma-
Medium-sized machines, (typically electrical motors chines, with varying unbalances capable of operating
with 15 to 75 kW output) without special foundations, as selfcontained units without connecting components;
rigidly mounted engines or machines (up to 300 kW) vibrating screens, dynamic fatigue-testing machines
on special foundations. and vibration exciters used in processing plants.

Class III
Large prime movers and other large machines with
rotating masses on rigid and heavy foundations which
are relatively stiff in the direction of vibration measu-
rement.

SPM Instrument AB • Box 4 • SE-645 21 Strängnäs • Sweden Technical data are subject to change without notice.
Tel +46 152 22500 • Fax +46 152 15075 • info@spminstrument.se • www.spminstrument.com ISO 9001 certified. © Copyright SPM 2003-10. 71679.Z
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