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Soalan Sebatian Karbon

This document contains 10 multiple choice questions about carbon compounds from past SPM examination papers. The questions cover topics such as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon families and their properties, isomerism, reactions of alkenes and alcohols, and percentage composition by mass. Diagrams of structural formulas are also included with questions requiring identification of compounds and reactants.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
708 views9 pages

Soalan Sebatian Karbon

This document contains 10 multiple choice questions about carbon compounds from past SPM examination papers. The questions cover topics such as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon families and their properties, isomerism, reactions of alkenes and alcohols, and percentage composition by mass. Diagrams of structural formulas are also included with questions requiring identification of compounds and reactants.

Uploaded by

Siti Adibah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BAB 2: SEBATIAN KARBON

SOALAN OBJEKTIF
Klon SPM 2011, Q2
1 Sebatian manakah adalah suatu hidrokarbon tak tepu?
Which compound is unsaturated hydrocarbon?
A Propena B Propana
Propene Propane
C Kloropropana D Propanol
Chloropropane Propanol

2 Antara yang berikut, yang benar mengenai proses peretakan petroleum?


Which of the following is correct about petroleum cracking process?
A Mengasingkan berdasarkan kepada B Digunakan untuk menghasilkan
perbezaan takat didih. hidrokarbon bermolekul besar.
Separation is based on differences of Use to produce large molecules of
boiling point. hydrocarbon.
C Menggunakan mangkin. D Bitumen ialah contoh hasil proses
Use catalyst. peretakan.
The example of the product of cracking
process is bitumen.

Klon SPM 2014, Q6


3 Antara yang berikut, yang mana betul tentang alkuna?
Which of the following is correct about alkynes?
A Sebatian mempunyai kumpulan B Sebatian mempunyai formula am CnH2n-2.
karboksil. The compound has general formula of
The compound has carboxyl group. CnH2n-2.
C Sebatian adalah satu hidrokarbon D Sebatian mengandungi hanya ikatan
tepu. tunggal antara atom-atom karbon.
The compound is a saturated The compound consists of only single
hydrocarbon. bond between carbons atoms.

SPM 2012, Q35


4 Pernyataan manakah yang menunjukkan perbezaan antara butena dengan butana?
Which statement shows the difference between butene and butane?
A Butena terlarut dalam air tetapi butana B Peratus karbon per molekul bagi butena
tidak terlarut dalam air. lebih tinggi.
Butene dissolved in water but butane The carbon percentage per molecule of
does not. butane is higher.
C Bilangan atom hidrogen per molekul D Butana menyahwarnakan warna perang
butena lebih tinggi. air bromin tetapi butena tidak
The number of hydrogen atoms per menyahwarnakan warna perang air
molecule of butene is higher. bromin.
Butane decolourised the brown colour of
bromine water but butene does not.
SPM 2013, Q29
5 Persamaan berikut menunjukkan penukaran butanol kepada butena.
The following equation shows the conversion of butanol to butene.

Apakah proses X?
What is process X?
A Pengoksidaan B Hidrolisis
Oxidation Hydrolisis
C Pendehidratan D Penghidrogenan
Dehydration Hydrogenation

6 Antara sebatian yang berikut, manakah mempunyai dua isomer?


Which of the following compounds have two isomers?
A Etana B Propana
Etane Propane
C Butana D Pentana
Butane Pentane

7 Antara sebatian berikut, manakah akan bertindak balas dengan zink dan membebaskan gas
hidrogen?
Which of the following compounds will react with zinc to give off hydrogen gas?
A CH3CH2OH B CH3COOCH3
C CH3CHCH2 D CH3COOH

8 Rajah 1 mewakili formula struktur satu sebatian karbon.


Diagram 1 shows the structural formula of a carbon compound.

Rajah 1 / Diagram 1
Manakah antara pasangan berikut adalah bahan tindak balas untuk menghasilkan sebatian
karbon dalam Rajah 1?
Which of the following is the correctly paired of reactants to produce the carbon compound
in Diagram 1?
Asid karboksilik Alkohol
Carboxylic acid Alcohol
Asid etanoik Propanol
A
Ethanoic acid Propanol
Asid propanoik Propanol
B
Propanoic acid Propanol
Asid etanoik Etanol
C
Ethanoic acid Ethanol
Asid propanoik Etanol
D
Propanoic acid Ethanol
SPM 2017, Q19
9 Etena bertindak balas dengan stim pada suhu 3000C untuk menghasilkan sebatian M. Asid
fosforik pekat digunakan sebagai mangkin dalam tindak balas ini. Apakah M?
Ethene reacts with steam at the temperature of 3000C to produce compound M.
Concentrated phosphoric acid is used as a catalyst in this reaction. What is M?
A C2H4 B C2H6
C C2H5OH D C2H5COOH

SPM 2016, Q 37
10 Rajah 2 menunjukkan formula struktur satu sebatian T.
Diagram 2 shows the structural formula of compound T.

Rajah 2 / Diagram 2
Berapakah peratus jisim karbon dalam sebatian T?
[Jisim atom relative: H = 1; C = 12]
What is the percentage of carbon by mass in compound T?
[Relative atomic mass: H = 1; C = 12]
A 20.69% B 21.42%
C 82.76% D 85.71%

11 Rajah 3 mewakili formula struktur satu sebatian karbon.


Diagram 3 shows the structural formula of a carbon compound.

Rajah 3 / Diagram 3
Sifat fizik manakah benar mengenai sebatian karbon dalam Rajah 3?
Which physical properties is true about the carbon compound in Diagram 3?

I. Berbau wangi / Sweet smelling


II. Cecair berwarna / Coloured liquid
III. Larut dalam air / Dissolve in water
IV. Tidak larut dalam air / Does not dissolve in water

A I dan II B I dan III


I and II I and III
C II dan IV D III dan IV
II and IV III and IV
SOALAN STRUKTUR

1 Jadual 1 menunjukkan ahli-ahli dalam satu hidrokarbon.


Table 1 shows the members of a hydrocarbon

Formula Takat didih


0
Takat lebur ( C) (0C)
Sebatian molekul
Melting point Boiling point
Compound Molecular
(0C) (0C)
formulae
Etena -104
C2H4 -199
Etene
Propena -47
C3H6 -185
Propene
Butena -6
C4H8 -175
Butene
Pentena 30
C5H10 -165
Pentene
Jadual 1 / Table 1

(a) Ahli dalam keluarga ini dikelaskan di bawah satu siri homolog. Namakan siri
homolognya dan nyatakan formula amnya.
Members of this family are classified under a homologous series. Name the
homologous series and state its general formulae.
Alkena
Siri homolog: _______________________________________________
Homologous series
[1 markah / 1 mark]
CnH2n
Formula am: ________________________________________________
General formulae
[1 markah / 1 mark]
(b) Lukis formula struktur untuk dua isomer bagi butena, C4H8.
Draw the structural formulae for two isomers of butene, C4H8.

[2 markah / 2 marks]

(c) (i) Apakah keadaan fizik bagi pentena pada suhu bilik?
What is the physical state of pentene at room temperature?
Cecair
[1 markah / 1 mark]
(ii) Nyatakan pemerhatian apabila propena dialirkan melalui air bromin.
State the observation when propene is passed through into bromine water.
Warna perang air bromine dinyahwarnakan
[1 markah / 1 mark]
(iii) Tulis persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas dalam 1(b)(ii).
Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction in 1(b)(ii).
C3H6(g) + Br2(ce)  C3H6Br2(ce)
[2 markah / 2 marks]
(d) Terangkan mengapa takat lebur dan takat didih semakin bertambah daripada
etena kepada pentena
Explain why the melting points and boiling points increase from etene to
pentane.
Semakin tinggi bilangan atom karbon dalam setiap molekul, semakin besar saiz
atom. Oleh itu daya van der Waals semakin kuat / lebih banyak tenaga haba
diperlukan untuk mengatasi daya tarikan antara molekul.
[2 markah / 2 marks]
Klon SPM 2018, Q6
2 Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu proses bagi pembentukan sejenis asid.
Diagram 1 shows a process of formation of and acid.

Rajah 1 / Diagram 1
(a) (i) Nyatakan siri homolog bagi sebatian A tersebut
State the homologous series of the compound A.
Asid karboksilik
[1 markah / 1 mark]
(ii) Nyatakan kumpulan berfungsi bagi siri homolog yang dinyatakan di 2(a)(i).
State the functional group for the homologous series stated in 2(a)(i)
Kumpulan karboksil
[1 markah / 1 mark]
(iii) Nyatakan formula molekul bagi asid A.
State the molecular formulae for acid A.
CH3COOH
[1 markah / 1 mark]
(b) (i) Etanol ialah sejenis alcohol. Nyatakan formula am bagi alcohol.
Etanol is an alcohol.State the general formula of alcohol.
CnH2n+1OH
[1 markah / 1 mark]
(ii) Nyatakan nama proses A.
Stated the name of process A.
Penapaian
[1 markah / 1 mark]
(iii) Tuliskan satu persamaan kimia seimbang bagi pembentukan etanol
daripada glukosa.
Write a balance chemical equation for the formation of ethanol from
glucose.
C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
[2 markah / 2 marks]
(c) Tindak balas antara asid A dan etanol akan menghasilkan sebatian X.
The reaction between acid A and ethanol will produced compound X
(i) Berikan satu sifat fizik bagi sebatian X.
Give one physical property of compound X.
Berbau wangi
[1 markah / 1 mark]
(ii) Nyatakan nama dan lukiskan formula struktur bagi sebatian X.
State the name and draw the structural formula for compound X.

Etil etanoate
[2 markah / 2 marks]
SOALAN ESEI

1 Rajah 1 menunjukkan penukaran sebatian P kepada sebatian Q dan R. Sebatian P


adalah cecair tidak berwarna yang boleh dihasillkan melalui penapaian glukosa.
Diagram 1 shows the conversion of compound P into compounds Q and R.
Compound P is a colourless liquid that can be produced from the fermentation of
glucose.

Rajah 1 / Diagram 1

(a) Nyatakan nama bagi Tindak balas I dan formula molekul bagi sebatian P,
sebatian Q dan sebatian R.
State the name of reaction I and the molecular formula of compounds P, Q,
and R.
[4 markah / 4 marks]
- Tindak balas I ialah tindak balas pengoksidaan.
- Sebatian P - C2H5OH
- Sebatian Q - C2H4
- Sebatian R = CH3COOH
(b) Sebatian Q dan sebatian R dapat bertindak balas untuk menghasilkan
sebatian X yang mempunyai bau yang wangi. Huraikan bagaimana sebatian X
boleh disediakan di dalam makmal. Dalam huraian anda, sertakan:
a. Senarai bahan dan radas
b. Prosedur
c. Pemerhatian
Compound Q and compound R can react to form compound X that have a
sweet smell. Describe how compound X can be prepared in the laboratory. In
your description, include:
a. List of materials and apparatus.
b. Procedure
c. Observations
[8 markah / 8 marks]
Bahan – Asid etanoik glasial, etanol mutlak, dan asid sulfurik pekat.
Radas – Bikar, penunu Bunsen, pemegang tabung uji, tabung didih, penitis,
rod kaca dan silinder penyukat.
Prosedur
1. 2 cm3 asid ethanoik glasial dimasukkan ke dalam tabung didih.
2. 4 cm3 etanol mutlak ditambah ke dalam asid etanoik glasial.
3. Dengan menggunakan penitis, lima titis asid sulfuric pekat ditambah
pada campuran dan tabung didih digoncangkan.
4. Campuran dipanaskan dengan perlahan-lahan dengan nyalaan kecil
sehingga mendidih selama 2 hingga tiga minit.
5. Kandungan tabung didih dituangkan ke dalam bikar yang berisi air
separuh penuh.
6. Satu lapisan cecair tidak berwarna dan berbau wangi terhasil.
c) Lukiskan formula struktur dan namakan sebatian Q yang terbantuk.
Draw the structural formula and name the compound Q that was formed.

Nama sebatian = Etil etanoat


[2 markah / 2 marks]

d) Sebatian Q terbakar dengen lengkap dalam oksigen berlebihan.


Compound Q burns completely in excess oxygen.
i. Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindak balas tersebut.
Write the balance chemical equation for the reaction.
[2 markah / 2 marks]
Persamaan kimia: C2H4 (g) + 3O2 (g)  2CO2 (g) + 2H2O (ce)

ii. Jika 14 g sebatian Q mengalami pembakaran lengkap pada suhu bilik,


hitungkan isipadu gas karbon dioksida yang dibebaskan.
[1 mol gas menempati isi padu 24 dm3 pada keadaan bilik.
Jisim atom relative: H = 1; C = 12]
If 14g of compound Q burned completely in room temperature,
calculate the volume of carbon dioxide gas released.
[1 mole of gas occupies a volume of 24 dm3 at room condition.
Relative atomic mass: H = 1; C = 12]

[4 markah / 4 marks]
Jisim molar etena
= 2(12) + 4(1)
= 28 g/mol
Bil. mol Etena
= Jisim / Jisim molar
= 14 g / 28 gmol-1
= 0.5 mol
Berdasarkan persamaan, 1 mol etena menghasilkan 2 mol karbon dioksida.
Oleh itu, 0.5 mol etena menghasilkan 1 mol karbon dioksida
Isipadu gas karbon dioksida
= Bil. mol X isipadu molar
= 1 mol x 24 dm3 mol-1
= 24 dm3

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