Scribd
Upload
57 views5 pages

Abcdefg

1. Categorical propositions relate two classes or categories based on inclusion or exclusion. They make a statement about whether all or some members of one category (the subject term) are included in another category (the predicate term). 2. Examples of categorical propositions include "all rational numbers are real numbers" and propositions with quantifiers like "all", "some", or "no". 3. Categorical propositions can be analyzed based on their quality (affirmative or negative), quantity (universal or particular), and whether the terms are distributed or undistributed. Traditional and modern logic approaches analyze the relationships between propositions differently.

Uploaded by

Mekonnen Ayal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
57 views5 pages

Abcdefg

1. Categorical propositions relate two classes or categories based on inclusion or exclusion. They make a statement about whether all or some members of one category (the subject term) are included in another category (the predicate term). 2. Examples of categorical propositions include "all rational numbers are real numbers" and propositions with quantifiers like "all", "some", or "no". 3. Categorical propositions can be analyzed based on their quality (affirmative or negative), quantity (universal or particular), and whether the terms are distributed or undistributed. Traditional and modern logic approaches analyze the relationships between propositions differently.

Uploaded by

Mekonnen Ayal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

1. Categorical preposition: preposition relates two classes or categories.

It is a propositionthat asserts or
denies that all or some of the members of one category (the subject term) are included in another (the
predicate term)

In general simple easy or plain statement s that relates two class of things based on the rule of exclusion
or inclusion principles.

2. Example: - all rational numbers are real numbers

Quantifier all

Subject term: rational number

Copula: are

Predicate term: real number

3.Quality
A. Affirmative
B. Negative
C. Affirmative
D. Negative

Quantity
A. Universal
B. Universal
C. Particular
D. Particular

Distribution
A term distributed A term undistributed

All European countries Member of united state

No footballer and rich none

none Some films and active in sponsoring


events
charismatic Politician
Letter
A. A
B. E
C. I
D. O

VEN DIAGERAM

C
X

X
4. A: all professors are economists

E: no professors are economist

I: some professors are economists

O:some professors are not economists

MODERN (BOOLEAN)

Logically undetermined

A E

I Logically undetermined O

Let I=true then E(no professors are economist) is false because they are contradictory

The value of A and O cannot be logically determined

TRADITIONAL(ARISTOTALIAN)

A CONTERARY E

T T

SUBALTERATION SUBALTERATION

I CONTERARY O

Let I =true then E is false because they have contradictory relation


If E=false the o=

5.A. No mammals are animals

Therefore it is false that some mammals are animals

modern opposition

let E= no animal are mammal=t rue

I=some animals are mammals=False

Since E & I contradict, it is valid

Traditional opposition

Let E=no animal are mammal=true

I=some animals are mammals=false

Since E and I are contradictory, it is VALID

B. all universities are privately owned

Therefore, it is false that some universities are privately owned

Modern opposition

let A=all universities are private owned is true

I=some universities are no t privately owned. Since we cannot logically determine the truth value of I
from A it is INVALID

Traditional opposition

let A=all universities are private owned is true

I=some universities are no t privately owned.

Since the relationship between A and I is sub alternation, and since falsity goes downward it is INVALID

6.
CONVERSION

Some footballers are athletes

Some footballers are not athletes

All footballers are athletes

No footballers are athletes

OBVERSION

Some athletes are not non-footballer

Some athlete are none footballer

No athletes are non-footballer

All athletes are non-footballer

CONTRAPOSITION

Some non- athletes are non –footballer

Some athletes are not non –footballer

All non-athletes are non-footballer

No non-athletes are non-footballer

You might also like