SN8P2602C

8-Bit Micro-Controller

SN8P2602C
USER’S MANUAL

Version 1.2

SN8P2602C

SONiX 8-Bit Micro-Controller

SONIX reserves the right to make change without further notice to any products herein to improve reliability, function or design. SONIX does not
assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit described herein; neither does it convey any license under its patent
rights nor the rights of others. SONIX products are not designed, intended, or authorized for us as components in systems intended, for surgical
implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the SONIX product
could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should Buyer purchase or use SONIX products for any such unintended or
unauthorized application. Buyer shall indemnify and hold SONIX and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates and distributors harmless against
all claims, cost, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death
associated with such unintended or unauthorized use even if such claim alleges that SONIX was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of
the part.

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AMENDENT HISTORY
Version Date Description
VER 0.1 Feb. 2010 First issue.
VER 0.2 May. 2010 Modify EV-Kit version from “B” to “A”.
VER 0.3 Jun. 2010 1. Modify EV-Kit version from “A” to “V1.0”.
2. Add SN8P2602C EV-KIT schematic.
VER 1.0 Dec. 2010 Add code option: Low_Power description.
VER 1.1 Mar. 2011 Add “DEVELOPMENT TOOL” description.
VER 1.2 May. 2011 1. Modify “Chapter 2.4.2 STACK REGISTERS” description : 9-bit >> 10-bit data
memory.
2. Add “Chapter 11.3 CHARACTERISTIC GRAPHS” description : (-40℃~+85℃ curves
are for design reference).
3. Modify “Chapter 12 DEVELOPMENT TOOL” description.

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Table of Content
AMENDENT HISTORY ................................................................................................................................ 2
11 PRODUCT OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................... 6
1.1 FEATURES ........................................................................................................................................ 6
1.2 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM .......................................................................................................... 7
1.3 PIN ASSIGNMENT ........................................................................................................................... 7
1.4 PIN DESCRIPTIONS ......................................................................................................................... 8
1.5 PIN CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS ............................................................................................................... 8
22 CENTRAL PROCESSOR UNIT (CPU) .................................................................................................. 10
2.1 PROGRAM MEMORY (ROM) ....................................................................................................... 10
2.1.1 RESET VECTOR (0000H) ...................................................................................................... 11
2.1.2 INTERRUPT VECTOR (0008H) ............................................................................................. 12
2.1.3 LOOK-UP TABLE DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................ 14
2.1.4 JUMP TABLE DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................... 16
2.1.5 CHECKSUM CALCULATION............................................................................................... 18
2.2 DATA MEMORY (RAM) ................................................................................................................ 19
2.2.1 SYSTEM REGISTER .............................................................................................................. 19
2.2.1.1 SYSTEM REGISTER TABLE ............................................................................................ 19
2.2.1.2 SYSTEM REGISTER DESCRIPTION ............................................................................... 19
2.2.1.3 BIT DEFINITION of SYSTEM REGISTER ....................................................................... 20
2.2.2 ACCUMULATOR ................................................................................................................... 21
2.2.3 PROGRAM FLAG ................................................................................................................... 22
2.2.4 PROGRAM COUNTER........................................................................................................... 23
2.2.5 Y, Z REGISTERS..................................................................................................................... 25
2.2.6 R REGISTER ........................................................................................................................... 25
2.3 ADDRESSING MODE .................................................................................................................... 26
2.3.1 IMMEDIATE ADDRESSING MODE .................................................................................... 26
2.3.2 DIRECTLY ADDRESSING MODE ....................................................................................... 26
2.3.3 INDIRECTLY ADDRESSING MODE ................................................................................... 26
2.4 STACK OPERATION ...................................................................................................................... 27
2.4.1 OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................. 27
2.4.2 STACK REGISTERS ............................................................................................................... 27
2.4.3 STACK OPERATION EXAMPLE.......................................................................................... 28
2.5 CODE OPTION TABLE .................................................................................................................. 29
2.5.1 Fcpu code option ...................................................................................................................... 30
2.5.2 Reset_Pin code option .............................................................................................................. 30
2.5.3 Security code option ................................................................................................................. 30
2.5.4 Noise Filter code option ........................................................................................................... 30
2.5.5 Low_Power code option ........................................................................................................... 30
33 RESET ...................................................................................................................................................... 31
3.1 OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................................... 31
3.2 POWER ON RESET......................................................................................................................... 32
3.3 WATCHDOG RESET ...................................................................................................................... 32
3.4 BROWN OUT RESET ..................................................................................................................... 32
3.5 THE SYSTEM OPERATING VOLTAGE ....................................................................................... 33
3.6 LOW VOLTAGE DETECTOR (LVD) ............................................................................................ 33
3.7 BROWN OUT RESET IMPROVEMENT ....................................................................................... 35
3.8 EXTERNAL RESET ........................................................................................................................ 36
3.9 EXTERNAL RESET CIRCUIT ....................................................................................................... 36

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3.9.1 Simply RC Reset Circuit .......................................................................................................... 36

3.9.2 Diode & RC Reset Circuit ........................................................................................................ 37
3.9.3 Zener Diode Reset Circuit ........................................................................................................ 37
3.9.4 Voltage Bias Reset Circuit ....................................................................................................... 38
3.9.5 External Reset IC ...................................................................................................................... 38
44 SYSTEM CLOCK .................................................................................................................................... 39
4.1 OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................................... 39
4.2 FCPU (INSTRUCTION CYCLE) ...................................................................................................... 39
4.3 NOISE FILTER ................................................................................................................................ 40
4.4 SYSTEM HIGH-SPEED CLOCK .................................................................................................... 40
4.5 HIGH_CLK CODE OPTION ........................................................................................................... 40
4.5.1 INTERNAL HIGH-SPEED OSCILLATOR RC TYPE (IHRC) ............................................. 40
4.5.2 EXTERNAL HIGH-SPEED OSCILLATOR ........................................................................... 40
4.5.3 EXTERNAL OSCILLATOR APPLICATION CIRCUIT ....................................................... 41
4.6 SYSTEM LOW-SPEED CLOCK ..................................................................................................... 42
4.7 OSCM REGISTER ........................................................................................................................... 43
4.8 SYSTEM CLOCK MEASUREMENT ............................................................................................. 43
4.9 SYSTEM CLOCK TIMING ............................................................................................................. 44
55 SYSTEM OPERATION MODE .............................................................................................................. 47
5.1 OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................................... 47
5.2 NORMAL MODE ............................................................................................................................ 48
5.3 SLOW MODE .................................................................................................................................. 48
5.4 POWER DOWN MODE .................................................................................................................. 48
5.5 GREEN MODE ................................................................................................................................ 49
5.6 OPERATING MODE CONTROL MACRO .................................................................................... 50
5.7 WAKEUP ......................................................................................................................................... 51
5.7.1 OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................. 51
5.7.2 WAKEUP TIME ...................................................................................................................... 51
5.7.3 P1W WAKEUP CONTROL REGISTER ................................................................................ 52
66 INTERRUPT ............................................................................................................................................ 53
6.1 OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................................... 53
6.2 INTEN INTERRUPT ENABLE REGISTER ................................................................................... 53
6.3 INTRQ INTERRUPT REQUEST REGISTER ................................................................................ 54
6.4 GIE GLOBAL INTERRUPT OPERATION .................................................................................... 54
6.5 PUSH, POP ROUTINE..................................................................................................................... 55
6.6 EXTERNAL INTERRUPT OPERATION (INT0) ........................................................................... 56
6.7 T0 INTERRUPT OPERATION........................................................................................................ 57
6.8 TC0 INTERRUPT OPERATION ..................................................................................................... 58
6.9 MULTI-INTERRUPT OPERATION ............................................................................................... 59
77 I/O PORT .................................................................................................................................................. 60
7.1 OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................................... 60
7.2 I/O PORT MODE ............................................................................................................................. 60
7.3 I/O PULL UP REGISTER ................................................................................................................ 61
7.4 I/O PULL DOWN REGISTER............................................................................................................ 61
7.5 I/O PORT DATA REGISTER .......................................................................................................... 62
88 TIMERS.................................................................................................................................................... 63
8.1 WATCHDOG TIMER ...................................................................................................................... 63
8.2 T0 8-BIT BASIC TIMER ........................................................................................................................ 65
8.2.1 OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................. 65
8.2.2 T0 Timer Operation .................................................................................................................. 66
8.2.3 T0M MODE REGISTER ......................................................................................................... 67
8.2.4 T0C COUNTING REGISTER ................................................................................................. 67

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8.2.5 T0 TIMER OPERATION EXPLAME ..................................................................................... 68

8.3 TC0 8-BIT TIMER/COUNTER ....................................................................................................... 69
8.3.1 OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................. 69
8.3.2 TC0 TIMER OPERATION ...................................................................................................... 70
8.3.3 TC0M MODE REGISTER ....................................................................................................... 71
8.3.4 TC0C COUNTING REGISTER .............................................................................................. 72
8.3.5 TC0R AUTO-RELOAD REGISTER ....................................................................................... 73
8.3.6 TC0 EVENT COUNTER ......................................................................................................... 74
8.3.7 TC0 BUZZER OUTPUT .......................................................................................................... 74
8.3.8 PULSE WIDTH MODULATION (PWM) .............................................................................. 75
8.3.9 TC0 TIMER OPERATION EXPLAME .................................................................................. 77
99 2K/4K BUZZER GENERATOR.............................................................................................................. 79
9.1 OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................................... 79
9.2 BZM REGISTER .............................................................................................................................. 79
1100 INSTRUCTION TABLE ...................................................................................................................... 80
1111 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTIC................................................................................................... 81
11.1 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATING ................................................................................................ 81
11.2 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTIC ............................................................................................... 81
11.3 CHARACTERISTIC GRAPHS ....................................................................................................... 82
1122 DEVELOPMENT TOOL ..................................................................................................................... 83
12.1 SN8P2602C EV-KIT ......................................................................................................................... 83
12.2 ICE AND EV-KIT APPLICATION NOTIC ...................................................................................... 84
1133 OTP PROGRAMMING PIN ................................................................................................................ 85
13.1 WRITER TRANSITION BOARD SOCKET PIN ASSIGNMENT ................................................. 85
13.2 PROGRAMMING PIN MAPPING: ................................................................................................. 86
1144 MARKING DEFINITION ................................................................................................................... 87
14.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 87
14.2 MARKING INDETIFICATION SYSTEM ...................................................................................... 87
14.3 MARKING EXAMPLE ................................................................................................................... 87
14.4 DATECODE SYSTEM .................................................................................................................... 88
1155 PACKAGE INFORMATION .............................................................................................................. 89
15.1 P-DIP 18 PIN .................................................................................................................................... 89
15.2 SOP 18 PIN ....................................................................................................................................... 90
15.3 SSOP 20 PIN..................................................................................................................................... 91

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1 PRODUCT OVERVIEW
1.1 FEATURES
 Memory configuration  Fcpu (Instruction cycle)
ROM size: 1K * 16 bits. Fcpu = Fosc/1, Fosc/2, Fosc/4, Fosc/8, Fosc/16,
RAM size: 48 * 8 bits. Fosc/32, Fosc/64, Fosc/128

 4 levels stack buffer.  One T0 8-bit basic timer with RTC (0.5sec).
 3 interrupt sources  One TC0 8-bit timer with external event counter,
2 internal interrupts: T0, TC0 Buzzer and PWM.
1 external interrupt: INT0  One channel 2K/4K buzzer output.
 On chip watchdog timer and clock source is
 I/O pin configuration Internal low clock RC type (16KHz @3V, 32KHz
Bi-directional: P0, P1, P5. @5V).
Input only: P1.5.
Pull-up resisters: P0, P1, P5.  4 system clocks
Pull-down resisters: P5.0~P5.3. External high clock: RC type up to 10 MHz
Wakeup: P0, P1 level change. External high clock: Crystal type up to 16 MHz
40mA sink pin: P5.0~P5.3, P5.5. Internal high clock: 16MHz RC type.
Programmable open-drain: P1.0. Internal low clock: RC type 16KHz(3V), 32KHz(5V)
External Interrupt trigger edge:
P0.0 controlled by PEDGE register.  4 operating modes
Normal mode: Both high and low clock active
 3-Level LVD. Slow mode: Low clock only
Reset system and power monitor. Sleep mode: Both high and low clock stop
Green mode: Periodical wakeup by timer
 Powerful instructions
Instruction’s length is one word.  Package (Chip form support)
Most of instructions are one cycle only. DIP 18 pin
All ROM area JMP/CALL instruction. SOP 18 pin
All ROM area lookup table function (MOVC). SSOP 20 pin

 Features Selection Table

ROM RAM Timer LVD Green Slow PWM/ 2K/4K Wake-up
CHIP Stack IHRC I/O Package
(word) (Byte) T0 TC0 Level Mode Mode Buzzer Buzzer Pin No.
SN8P2602B 1K 48 4 V V 3 - 15 V V V - 7 DIP18/SOP18/SSOP20
SN8P2602C 1K 48 4 V V 3 V 16 V V V V 8 DIP18/SOP18/SSOP20
SN8P2612 2K 64 4 V V 3 V 16 V V V - 8 DIP18/SOP18/SSOP20
SN8P2613 2K 64 4 V V 3 V 18 V V V - 10 DIP20/SOP20/SSOP20

 Migration SN8P2602B to SN8P2602C

Item SN8P2602B SN8P2602C
XOUT supports GPIO function, but
XIN/XOUT pin Support P1.4/P1.6 GPIO
XIN doesn’t.
Pull-down resistor No P5.0~P5.3 build in pull-down resistor
P5.0~P5.3, P5.5 build in 15mA/40mA sink
Sink current 15mA
current by code option
IHRC 16MHz No Build in IHRC 16MHz
Fosc/1~Fosc/128 (Low_Power disable)
Fcpu Fosc/1~Fosc/8 If Low_Power enable, Fcpu should be less than
or equal to 2 MIPS.
T0 timer T0 timer without RTC T0 timer with RTC
2K/4K buzzer function No Support 2K/4K buzzer function
Build in low power option to lower power
Low power mode No low power option.
consumption.

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1.2 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

PC
3-Level LVD
OTP INTERNAL (Low Voltage Detector)
IR HIGH RC INTERNAL
ROM 16MHz LOW RC
WATCHDOG TIMER
FLAGS

TIMING GENERATOR

ALU
RAM

ACC SYSTEM REGISTERS 2K/4K Buzzer BZOUT

INTERRUPT
CONTROL TIMER & COUNTER PWM, Buzzer PWM0, BZ0

P0 P1 P5

1.3 PIN ASSIGNMENT

SN8P2602CP (PDIP 18 pins)
SN8P2602CS (SOP 18 pins)
P1.2 1 U 18 P1.1
P1.3 2 17 P1.0
P0.0/INT0 3 16 XIN/P1.6
P1.5/RST/VPP 4 15 XOUT/P1.4
VSS 5 14 VDD
P5.0 6 13 P5.7
P5.1 7 12 P5.6
P5.2 8 11 P5.5/BZOUT
P5.3 9 10 P5.4/BZ0/PWM0

SN8P2602CX (SSOP 20 pins)

P1.2 1 U 20 P1.1
P1.3 2 19 P1.0
P0.0/INT0 3 18 XIN/P1.6
P1.5/RST/VPP 4 17 XOUT/P1.4
VSS 5 16 VDD
VSS 6 15 VDD
P5.0 7 14 P5.7
P5.1 8 13 P5.6
P5.2 9 12 P5.5/BZOUT
P5.3 10 11 P5.4/BZ0/PWM0

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1.4 PIN DESCRIPTIONS

PIN NAME TYPE DESCRIPTION
VDD, VSS P Power supply input pins for digital and analog circuit.
RST: System external reset input pin. Schmitt trigger structure, active “low”, normal stay
to “high”.
P1.5/RST/VPP I, P VPP: OTP 12.3V power input pin in programming mode.
P1.5: Input only pin with Schmitt trigger structure and no pull-up resistor. Level change
wake-up.
P0.0: Bi-direction pin. Schmitt trigger structure as input mode. Built-in pull-up resisters.
P0.0/INT0 I/O Level change wake-up.
INT0: External interrupt 0 input pin.
P1.0: Bi-direction pin. Schmitt trigger structure as input mode. Built-in pull-up resisters.
P1.0 I/O
Level change wake-up. Programmable open-drain structure.
P1[3:1]: Bi-direction pin. Schmitt trigger structure as input mode. Built-in pull-up resisters.
P1[3:1] I/O
Level change wake-up.
XIN: Oscillator input pin while external oscillator enable (crystal and RC).
XIN/P1.6 I/O P1.6: Bi-direction pin. Schmitt trigger structure as input mode. Built-in pull-up resisters.
Level change wake-up.
XOUT: Oscillator output pin while external crystal enable.
XOUT/P1.4 I/O P1.4: Bi-direction pin. Schmitt trigger structure as input mode. Built-in pull-up resisters.
Level change wake-up.
P5[3:0]: Bi-direction pin. Schmitt trigger structure as input mode. Built-in pull-up and
P5[3:0] I/O
pull-down resisters. Programmable 15mA/40mA sink current.
P5.4: Bi-direction pin. Schmitt trigger structure as input mode. Built-in pull-up resisters.
P5.4/PWM0/BZ0 I/O PWM0: PWM output pin.
BZ0: Buzzer TC0/2 output pin.
P5.5: Bi-direction pin. Schmitt trigger structure as input mode. Built-in pull-up resisters.
P5.5/BZOUT I/O Programmable 15mA/40mA sink current.
BZOUT: 2K/4K buzzer output pin.
P5[7:6] I/O P5[7:6]: Bi-direction pin. Schmitt trigger structure as input mode. Built-in pull-up resisters.

1.5 PIN CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS

 P1.5 Reset shared pin structure:
Ext. Reset
Code Option

I/O Input Bus

Pin
Reset

 P0, P1, P5.4~P5.7 GPIO structure:

Pull-Up
Resistor

PnM PnUR

Pin I/O Input Bus

PnM

Output
I/O Output Bus
Latch

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 P5.0~P5.3 GPIO structure:

Pull-Up
Resistor

PnM PnUR

Pin I/O Input Bus

PnM PnDR

Pull-Down
Resistor

PnM

Output
I/O Output Bus
Latch

 Port 1.0 structure:

Pull-Up
Resistor

PnM PnUR

Pin I/O Input Bus

PnM P1OC

Output
I/O Output Bus
Latch

Open-Drain

 P1.4, P1.6 structure:

Pull-Up
Resistor

High_Clk
PnM PnUR
Code Option

Pin I/O Input Bus

PnM

Output
I/O Output Bus
Latch

Oscillator Driver

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2 CENTRAL PROCESSOR UNIT (CPU)

2.1 PROGRAM MEMORY (ROM)
 1K words ROM

ROM
User reset vector
0000H Reset vector
Jump to user start address
0001H
.
General purpose area
.
0007H
0008H Interrupt vector User interrupt vector
0009H User program
.
.
000FH
0010H General purpose area
0011H
.
.
03FCH End of user program
03FDH
03FEH Reserved
03FFH

The ROM includes Reset vector, Interrupt vector, General purpose area and Reserved area. The Reset vector is
program beginning address. The Interrupt vector is the head of interrupt service routine when any interrupt occurring.
The General purpose area is main program area including main loop, sub-routines and data table.

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2.1.1 RESET VECTOR (0000H)

A one-word vector address area is used to execute system reset.

 Power On Reset (NT0=1, NPD=0).

 Watchdog Reset (NT0=0, NPD=0).
 External Reset (NT0=1, NPD=1).

After power on reset, external reset or watchdog timer overflow reset, then the chip will restart the program from
address 0000h and all system registers will be set as default values. It is easy to know reset status from NT0, NPD
flags of PFLAG register. The following example shows the way to define the reset vector in the program memory.

 Example: Defining Reset Vector

ORG 0 ; 0000H
JMP START ; Jump to user program address.
…

ORG 10H
START: ; 0010H, The head of user program.
… ; User program
…

ENDP ; End of program

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2.1.2 INTERRUPT VECTOR (0008H)

A 1-word vector address area is used to execute interrupt request. If any interrupt service executes, the program
counter (PC) value is stored in stack buffer and jump to 0008h of program memory to execute the vectored interrupt.
Users have to define the interrupt vector. The following example shows the way to define the interrupt vector in the
program memory.

 Note: ”PUSH”, “POP” instructions save and load ACC/PFLAG without (NT0, NPD). PUSH/POP buffer is a
unique buffer and only one level.

 Example: Defining Interrupt Vector. The interrupt service routine is following ORG 8.

.CODE
ORG 0 ; 0000H
JMP START ; Jump to user program address.
…

ORG 8 ; Interrupt vector.

PUSH ; Save ACC and PFLAG register to buffers.
…
…
POP ; Load ACC and PFLAG register from buffers.
RETI ; End of interrupt service routine
…

START: ; The head of user program.

… ; User program
…
JMP START ; End of user program
…

ENDP ; End of program

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 Example: Defining Interrupt Vector. The interrupt service routine is following user program.

.CODE
ORG 0 ; 0000H
JMP START ; Jump to user program address.
…
ORG 8 ; Interrupt vector.
JMP MY_IRQ ; 0008H, Jump to interrupt service routine address.

ORG 10H
START: ; 0010H, The head of user program.
… ; User program.
…
…
JMP START ; End of user program.
…
MY_IRQ: ;The head of interrupt service routine.
PUSH ; Save ACC and PFLAG register to buffers.
…
…
POP ; Load ACC and PFLAG register from buffers.
RETI ; End of interrupt service routine.
…

ENDP ; End of program.

 Note: It is easy to understand the rules of SONIX program from demo programs given above. These
points are as following:
1. The address 0000H is a “JMP” instruction to make the program starts from the beginning.
2. The address 0008H is interrupt vector.
3. User’s program is a loop routine for main purpose application.

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2.1.3 LOOK-UP TABLE DESCRIPTION

In the ROM’s data lookup function, Y register is pointed to middle byte address (bit 8~bit 15) and Z register is pointed
to low byte address (bit 0~bit 7) of ROM. After MOVC instruction executed, the low-byte data will be stored in ACC and
high-byte data stored in R register.

 Example: To look up the ROM data located “TABLE1”.

B0MOV Y, #TABLE1$M ; To set lookup table1’s middle address

B0MOV Z, #TABLE1$L ; To set lookup table1’s low address.
MOVC ; To lookup data, R = 00H, ACC = 35H

; Increment the index address for next address.

INCMS Z ; Z+1
JMP @F ; Z is not overflow.
INCMS Y ; Z overflow (FFH  00),  Y=Y+1
NOP ;
;
@@: MOVC ; To lookup data, R = 51H, ACC = 05H.
… ;
TABLE1: DW 0035H ; To define a word (16 bits) data.
DW 5105H
DW 2012H
…

 Note: The Y register will not increase automatically when Z register crosses boundary from 0xFF to
0x00. Therefore, user must be take care such situation to avoid look-up table errors. If Z register is
overflow, Y register must be added one. The following INC_YZ macro shows a simple method to process
Y and Z registers automatically.

 Example: INC_YZ macro.

INC_YZ MACRO
INCMS Z ; Z+1
JMP @F ; Not overflow

INCMS Y ; Y+1
NOP ; Not overflow
@@:
ENDM

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 Example: Modify above example by “INC_YZ” macro.

B0MOV Y, #TABLE1$M ; To set lookup table1’s middle address

B0MOV Z, #TABLE1$L ; To set lookup table1’s low address.
MOVC ; To lookup data, R = 00H, ACC = 35H

INC_YZ ; Increment the index address for next address.

;
@@: MOVC ; To lookup data, R = 51H, ACC = 05H.
… ;
TABLE1: DW 0035H ; To define a word (16 bits) data.
DW 5105H
DW 2012H
…

The other example of look-up table is to add Y or Z index register by accumulator. Please be careful if “carry” happen.

 Example: Increase Y and Z register by B0ADD/ADD instruction.

B0MOV Y, #TABLE1$M ; To set lookup table’s middle address.

B0MOV Z, #TABLE1$L ; To set lookup table’s low address.

B0MOV A, BUF ; Z = Z + BUF.

B0ADD Z, A

B0BTS1 FC ; Check the carry flag.

JMP GETDATA ; FC = 0
INCMS Y ; FC = 1. Y+1.
NOP
GETDATA: ;
MOVC ; To lookup data. If BUF = 0, data is 0x0035
; If BUF = 1, data is 0x5105
; If BUF = 2, data is 0x2012
…

TABLE1: DW 0035H ; To define a word (16 bits) data.

DW 5105H
DW 2012H
…

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2.1.4 JUMP TABLE DESCRIPTION

The jump table operation is one of multi-address jumping function. Add low-byte program counter (PCL) and ACC
value to get one new PCL. If PCL is overflow after PCL+ACC, PCH adds one automatically. The new program counter
(PC) points to a series jump instructions as a listing table. It is easy to make a multi-jump program depends on the
value of the accumulator (A).

 Note: PCH only support PC up counting result and doesn’t support PC down counting. When PCL is
carry after PCL+ACC, PCH adds one automatically. If PCL borrow after PCL–ACC, PCH keeps value and
not change.

 Example: Jump table.

ORG 0X0100 ; The jump table is from the head of the ROM boundary

B0ADD PCL, A ; PCL = PCL + ACC, PCH + 1 when PCL overflow occurs.
JMP A0POINT ; ACC = 0, jump to A0POINT
JMP A1POINT ; ACC = 1, jump to A1POINT
JMP A2POINT ; ACC = 2, jump to A2POINT
JMP A3POINT ; ACC = 3, jump to A3POINT

SONIX provides a macro for safe jump table function. This macro will check the ROM boundary and move the jump
table to the right position automatically. The side effect of this macro maybe wastes some ROM size.

 Example: If “jump table” crosses over ROM boundary will cause errors.

@JMP_A MACRO VAL

IF (($+1) !& 0XFF00) !!= (($+(VAL)) !& 0XFF00)
JMP ($ | 0XFF)
ORG ($ | 0XFF)
ENDIF
B0ADD PCL, A
ENDM

 Note: “VAL” is the number of the jump table listing number.

 Example: “@JMP_A” application in SONIX macro file called “MACRO3.H”.

B0MOV A, BUF0 ; “BUF0” is from 0 to 4.

@JMP_A 5 ; The number of the jump table listing is five.
JMP A0POINT ; ACC = 0, jump to A0POINT
JMP A1POINT ; ACC = 1, jump to A1POINT
JMP A2POINT ; ACC = 2, jump to A2POINT
JMP A3POINT ; ACC = 3, jump to A3POINT
JMP A4POINT ; ACC = 4, jump to A4POINT

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If the jump table position is across a ROM boundary (0x00FF~0x0100), the “@JMP_A” macro will adjust the jump table
routine begin from next RAM boundary (0x0100).

 Example: “@JMP_A” operation.

; Before compiling program.

ROM address
B0MOV A, BUF0 ; “BUF0” is from 0 to 4.
@JMP_A 5 ; The number of the jump table listing is five.
0X00FD JMP A0POINT ; ACC = 0, jump to A0POINT
0X00FE JMP A1POINT ; ACC = 1, jump to A1POINT
0X00FF JMP A2POINT ; ACC = 2, jump to A2POINT
0X0100 JMP A3POINT ; ACC = 3, jump to A3POINT
0X0101 JMP A4POINT ; ACC = 4, jump to A4POINT

; After compiling program.

ROM address
B0MOV A, BUF0 ; “BUF0” is from 0 to 4.
@JMP_A 5 ; The number of the jump table listing is five.
0X0100 JMP A0POINT ; ACC = 0, jump to A0POINT
0X0101 JMP A1POINT ; ACC = 1, jump to A1POINT
0X0102 JMP A2POINT ; ACC = 2, jump to A2POINT
0X0103 JMP A3POINT ; ACC = 3, jump to A3POINT
0X0104 JMP A4POINT ; ACC = 4, jump to A4POINT

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2.1.5 CHECKSUM CALCULATION

The last ROM address are reserved area. User should avoid these addresses (last address) when calculate the
Checksum value.

 Example: The demo program shows how to calculated Checksum from 00H to the end of user’s code.

MOV A,#END_USER_CODE$L
B0MOV END_ADDR1, A ; Save low end address to end_addr1
MOV A,#END_USER_CODE$M
B0MOV END_ADDR2, A ; Save middle end address to end_addr2
CLR Y ; Set Y to 00H
CLR Z ; Set Z to 00H
@@:
MOVC
B0BSET FC ; Clear C flag
ADD DATA1, A ; Add A to Data1
MOV A, R
ADC DATA2, A ; Add R to Data2
JMP END_CHECK ; Check if the YZ address = the end of code
AAA:
INCMS Z ; Z=Z+1
JMP @B ; If Z != 00H calculate to next address
JMP Y_ADD_1 ; If Z = 00H increase Y
END_CHECK:
MOV A, END_ADDR1
CMPRS A, Z ; Check if Z = low end address
JMP AAA ; If Not jump to checksum calculate
MOV A, END_ADDR2
CMPRS A, Y ; If Yes, check if Y = middle end address
JMP AAA ; If Not jump to checksum calculate
JMP CHECKSUM_END ; If Yes checksum calculated is done.

Y_ADD_1:
INCMS Y ; Increase Y
NOP
JMP @B ; Jump to checksum calculate
CHECKSUM_END:
…
…
END_USER_CODE: ; Label of program end

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2.2 DATA MEMORY (RAM)

 48 X 8-bit RAM

Address RAM Location

000h RAM Bank 0
“
“ General Purpose Area
“
02Fh
BANK 0
080h 080h~0FFh of Bank 0 store system
“ registers (128 bytes).
“ System Register
“
0FFh End of Bank 0

The 48-byte general purpose RAM is separated into Bank 0. Sonix provides “Bank 0” type instructions (e.g. b0mov,
b0add, b0bts1, b0bset…) to control Bank 0 RAM directly.

2.2.1 SYSTEM REGISTER

2.2.1.1 SYSTEM REGISTER TABLE

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
8 - - R Z Y - PFLAG - - - - - - - - -
9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
A - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
B - - - - - - - - P0M - - - - - - PEDGE
C P1W P1M - - - P5M - - INTRQ INTEN OSCM - WDTR TC0R PCL PCH
D P0 P1 - - - P5 - - T0M T0C TC0M TC0C BZM - - STKP
E P0UR P1UR - - - P5UR P5DR @YZ - P1OC - - - - - -
F - - - - - - - - STK3L STK3H STK2L STK2H STK1L STK1H STK0L STK0H

2.2.1.2 SYSTEM REGISTER DESCRIPTION

R= Working register and ROM look-up data buffer. Y, Z = Working, @YZ and ROM addressing register.
PFLAG = Special flag register. PEDGE = P0.0 edge direction register.
INTRQ = Interrupt request register. INTEN = Interrupt enable register.
WDTR = Watchdog timer clear register. Pn = Port n data buffer.
PnM = Port n input/output mode register. OSCM = Oscillator mode register.
PnUR = Port n pull-up resister control register. PnDR = Port n pull-down resister control register.
PCH, PCL = Program counter. T0M = T0 mode register.
T0C = T0 counting register. TC0M = TC0 mode register.
TC0C = TC0 counting register. TC0R = TC0 auto-reload data buffer.
P1OC = P1.0 open-drain control register. BZM = 2K/4K buzzer control register.
STKP = Stack pointer buffer. @YZ = RAM YZ indirect addressing index pointer.
STK0~STK3 = Stack 0 ~ stack 3 buffer.

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2.2.1.3 BIT DEFINITION of SYSTEM REGISTER

Address Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 R/W Remarks
082H RBIT7 RBIT6 RBIT5 RBIT4 RBIT3 RBIT2 RBIT1 RBIT0 R/W R
083H ZBIT7 ZBIT6 ZBIT5 ZBIT4 ZBIT3 ZBIT2 ZBIT1 ZBIT0 R/W Z
084H YBIT7 YBIT6 YBIT5 YBIT4 YBIT3 YBIT2 YBIT1 YBIT0 R/W Y
086H NT0 NPD LVD36 LVD24 C DC Z R/W PFLAG
0B8H P00M R/W P0M
0BFH P00G1 P00G0 R/W PEDGE
0C0H P16W P15W P14W P13W P12W P11W P10W W P1W
0C1H P16M P14M P13M P12M P11M P10M R/W P1M
0C5H P57M P56M P55M P54M P53M P52M P51M P50M R/W P5M
0C8H TC0IRQ T0IRQ P00IRQ R/W INTRQ
0C9H TC0IEN T0IEN P00IEN R/W INTEN
0CAH CPUM1 CPUM0 CLKMD STPHX R/W OSCM
0CCH WDTR7 WDTR6 WDTR5 WDTR4 WDTR3 WDTR2 WDTR1 WDTR0 W WDTR
0CDH TC0R7 TC0R6 TC0R5 TC0R4 TC0R3 TC0R2 TC0R1 TC0R0 W TC0R
0CEH PC7 PC6 PC5 PC4 PC3 PC2 PC1 PC0 R/W PCL
0CFH PC9 PC8 R/W PCH
0D0H P00 R/W P0
0D1H P16 P15 P14 P13 P12 P11 P10 R/W P1
0D5H P57 P56 P55 P54 P53 P52 P51 P50 R/W P5
0D8H T0ENB T0rate2 T0rate1 T0rate0 T0TB R/W T0M
0D9H T0C7 T0C6 T0C5 T0C4 T0C3 T0C2 T0C1 T0C0 R/W T0C
0DAH TC0ENB TC0rate2 TC0rate1 TC0rate0 TC0CKS ALOAD0 TC0OUT PWM0OUT R/W TC0M
0DBH TC0C7 TC0C6 TC0C5 TC0C4 TC0C3 TC0C2 TC0C1 TC0C0 R/W TC0C
0DCH BZEN BZrate1 BZrate0 R/W BZM
0DFH GIE STKPB1 STKPB0 R/W STKP
0E0H P00R W P0UR
0E1H P16R P14R P13R P12R P11R P10R W P1UR
0E5H P57R P56R P55R P54R P53R P52R P51R P50R W P5UR
0E6H P53DR P52DR P51DR P50DR W P5DR
0E7H @YZ7 @YZ6 @YZ5 @YZ4 @YZ3 @YZ2 @YZ1 @YZ0 R/W @YZ
0E9H P10OC W P1OC
0F8H S3PC7 S3PC6 S3PC5 S3PC4 S3PC3 S3PC2 S3PC1 S3PC0 R/W STK3L
0F9H S3PC9 S3PC8 R/W STK3H
0FAH S2PC7 S2PC6 S2PC5 S2PC4 S2PC3 S2PC2 S2PC1 S2PC0 R/W STK2L
0FBH S2PC9 S2PC8 R/W STK2H
0FCH S1PC7 S1PC6 S1PC5 S1PC4 S1PC3 S1PC2 S1PC1 S1PC0 R/W STK1L
0FDH S1PC9 S1PC8 R/W STK1H
0FEH S0PC7 S0PC6 S0PC5 S0PC4 S0PC3 S0PC2 S0PC1 S0PC0 R/W STK0L
0FFH S0PC9 S0PC8 R/W STK0H

 Note:
1. To avoid system error, make sure to put all the “0” and “1” as it indicates in the above table.
2. All of register names had been declared in SN8ASM assembler.
3. One-bit name had been declared in SN8ASM assembler with “F” prefix code.
4. “b0bset”, “b0bclr”, ”bset”, ”bclr” instructions are only available to the “R/W” registers.

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2.2.2 ACCUMULATOR
The ACC is an 8-bit data register responsible for transferring or manipulating data between ALU and data memory. If
the result of operating is zero (Z) or there is carry (C or DC) occurrence, then these flags will be set to PFLAG register.
ACC is not in data memory (RAM), so ACC can’t be access by “B0MOV” instruction during the instant addressing
mode.

 Example: Read and write ACC value.

; Read ACC data and store in BUF data memory.

MOV BUF, A

; Write a immediate data into ACC.

MOV A, #0FH

; Write ACC data from BUF data memory.

MOV A, BUF
; or
B0MOV A, BUF

The system doesn’t store ACC and PFLAG value when interrupt executed. ACC and PFLAG data must be saved to
other data memories. “PUSH”, “POP” save and load ACC, PFLAG data into buffers.

 Example: Protect ACC and working registers.

INT_SERVICE:
PUSH ; Save ACC and PFLAG to buffers.
…
…
POP ; Load ACC and PFLAG from buffers.

RETI ; Exit interrupt service vector

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2.2.3 PROGRAM FLAG

The PFLAG register contains the arithmetic status of ALU operation, system reset status and LVD detecting status.
NT0, NPD bits indicate system reset status including power on reset, LVD reset, reset by external pin active and
watchdog reset. C, DC, Z bits indicate the result status of ALU operation. LVD24, LVD36 bits indicate LVD detecting
power voltage status.

086H Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

PFLAG NT0 NPD LVD36 LVD24 - C DC Z
Read/Write R/W R/W R R - R/W R/W R/W
After reset - - 0 0 - 0 0 0

Bit [7:6] NT0, NPD: Reset status flag.

NT0 NPD Reset Status
0 0 Watch-dog time out
0 1 Reserved
1 0 Reset by LVD
1 1 Reset by external Reset Pin

Bit 5 LVD36: LVD 3.6V operating flag and only support LVD code option is LVD_H.
0 = Inactive (VDD > 3.6V).
1 = Active (VDD ≦ 3.6V).

Bit 4 LVD24: LVD 2.4V operating flag and only support LVD code option is LVD_M.
0 = Inactive (VDD > 2.4V).
1 = Active (VDD ≦ 2.4V).

Bit 2 C: Carry flag

1 = Addition with carry, subtraction without borrowing, rotation with shifting out logic “1”, comparison result
≧ 0.
0 = Addition without carry, subtraction with borrowing signal, rotation with shifting out logic “0”, comparison
result < 0.

Bit 1 DC: Decimal carry flag

1 = Addition with carry from low nibble, subtraction without borrow from high nibble.
0 = Addition without carry from low nibble, subtraction with borrow from high nibble.

Bit 0 Z: Zero flag

1 = The result of an arithmetic/logic/branch operation is zero.
0 = The result of an arithmetic/logic/branch operation is not zero.

 Note: Refer to instruction set table for detailed information of C, DC and Z flags.

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2.2.4 PROGRAM COUNTER

The program counter (PC) is a 10-bit binary counter separated into the high-byte 2 and the low-byte 8 bits. This
counter is responsible for pointing a location in order to fetch an instruction for kernel circuit. Normally, the program
counter is automatically incremented with each instruction during program execution.
Besides, it can be replaced with specific address by executing CALL or JMP instruction. When JMP or CALL instruction
is executed, the destination address will be inserted to bit 0 ~ bit 9.

Bit 15 Bit 14 Bit 13 Bit 12 Bit 11 Bit 10 Bit 9 Bit 8 Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
PC - - - - - - PC9 PC8 PC7 PC6 PC5 PC4 PC3 PC2 PC1 PC0
After
- - - - - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
reset
PCH PCL

 ONE ADDRESS SKIPPING

There are nine instructions (CMPRS, INCS, INCMS, DECS, DECMS, BTS0, BTS1, B0BTS0, B0BTS1) with one
address skipping function. If the result of these instructions is true, the PC will add 2 steps to skip next instruction.

If the condition of bit test instruction is true, the PC will add 2 steps to skip next instruction.
B0BTS1 FC ; To skip, if Carry_flag = 1
JMP C0STEP ; Else jump to C0STEP.
…
…
C0STEP: NOP

B0MOV A, BUF0 ; Move BUF0 value to ACC.

B0BTS0 FZ ; To skip, if Zero flag = 0.
JMP C1STEP ; Else jump to C1STEP.
…
…
C1STEP: NOP

If the ACC is equal to the immediate data or memory, the PC will add 2 steps to skip next instruction.
CMPRS A, #12H ; To skip, if ACC = 12H.
JMP C0STEP ; Else jump to C0STEP.
…
…
C0STEP: NOP

If the destination increased by 1, which results overflow of 0xFF to 0x00, the PC will add 2 steps to skip next
instruction.
INCS instruction:
INCS BUF0
JMP C0STEP ; Jump to C0STEP if ACC is not zero.
…
…
C0STEP: NOP

INCMS instruction:
INCMS BUF0
JMP C0STEP ; Jump to C0STEP if BUF0 is not zero.
…
…
C0STEP: NOP

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If the destination decreased by 1, which results underflow of 0x01 to 0x00, the PC will add 2 steps to skip next
instruction.
DECS instruction:
DECS BUF0
JMP C0STEP ; Jump to C0STEP if ACC is not zero.
…
…
C0STEP: NOP

DECMS instruction:
DECMS BUF0
JMP C0STEP ; Jump to C0STEP if BUF0 is not zero.
…
…
C0STEP: NOP

 MULTI-ADDRESS JUMPING
Users can jump around the multi-address by either JMP instruction or ADD M, A instruction (M = PCL) to activate
multi-address jumping function. Program Counter supports “ADD M,A”, ”ADC M,A” and “B0ADD M,A” instructions
for carry to PCH when PCL overflow automatically. For jump table or others applications, users can calculate PC value
by the three instructions and don’t care PCL overflow problem.

 Note: PCH only support PC up counting result and doesn’t support PC down counting. When PCL is
carry after PCL+ACC, PCH adds one automatically. If PCL borrow after PCL–ACC, PCH keeps value and
not change.

 Example: If PC = 0323H (PCH = 03H, PCL = 23H)

; PC = 0323H
MOV A, #28H
B0MOV PCL, A ; Jump to address 0328H
…

; PC = 0328H
MOV A, #00H
B0MOV PCL, A ; Jump to address 0300H
…

 Example: If PC = 0323H (PCH = 03H, PCL = 23H)

; PC = 0323H
B0ADD PCL, A ; PCL = PCL + ACC, the PCH cannot be changed.
JMP A0POINT ; If ACC = 0, jump to A0POINT
JMP A1POINT ; ACC = 1, jump to A1POINT
JMP A2POINT ; ACC = 2, jump to A2POINT
JMP A3POINT ; ACC = 3, jump to A3POINT
…
…

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2.2.5 Y, Z REGISTERS
The Y and Z registers are the 8-bit buffers. There are three major functions of these registers.
 Can be used as general working registers
 Can be used as RAM data pointers with @YZ register
 Can be used as ROM data pointer with the MOVC instruction for look-up table

084H Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Y YBIT7 YBIT6 YBIT5 YBIT4 YBIT3 YBIT2 YBIT1 YBIT0
Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
After reset - - - - - - - -

083H Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Z ZBIT7 ZBIT6 ZBIT5 ZBIT4 ZBIT3 ZBIT2 ZBIT1 ZBIT0
Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
After reset - - - - - - - -

 Example: Uses Y, Z register as the data pointer to access data in the RAM address 025H of bank0.

B0MOV Y, #00H ; To set RAM bank 0 for Y register

B0MOV Z, #25H ; To set location 25H for Z register
B0MOV A, @YZ ; To read a data into ACC

 Example: Uses the Y, Z register as data pointer to clear the RAM data.

B0MOV Y, #0 ; Y = 0, bank 0
B0MOV Z, #07FH ; Z = 7FH, the last address of the data memory area

CLR_YZ_BUF:
CLR @YZ ; Clear @YZ to be zero

DECMS Z ; Z – 1, if Z= 0, finish the routine

JMP CLR_YZ_BUF ; Not zero

CLR @YZ
END_CLR: ; End of clear general purpose data memory area of bank 0
…

2.2.6 R REGISTER
R register is an 8-bit buffer. There are two major functions of the register.
 Can be used as working register
 For store high-byte data of look-up table
(MOVC instruction executed, the high-byte data of specified ROM address will be stored in R register and the
low-byte data will be stored in ACC).

082H Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

R RBIT7 RBIT6 RBIT5 RBIT4 RBIT3 RBIT2 RBIT1 RBIT0
Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
After reset - - - - - - - -

 Note: Please refer to the “LOOK-UP TABLE DESCRIPTION” about R register look-up table application.

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2.3 ADDRESSING MODE

2.3.1 IMMEDIATE ADDRESSING MODE
The immediate addressing mode uses an immediate data to set up the location in ACC or specific RAM.

 Example: Move the immediate data 12H to ACC.

MOV A, #12H ; To set an immediate data 12H into ACC.

 Example: Move the immediate data 12H to R register.

B0MOV R, #12H ; To set an immediate data 12H into R register.

 Note: In immediate addressing mode application, the specific RAM must be 0x80~0x87 working register.

2.3.2 DIRECTLY ADDRESSING MODE

The directly addressing mode moves the content of RAM location in or out of ACC.

 Example: Move 0x12 RAM location data into ACC.

B0MOV A, 12H ; To get a content of RAM location 0x12 of bank 0 and save in
ACC.

 Example: Move ACC data into 0x12 RAM location.

B0MOV 12H, A ; To get a content of ACC and save in RAM location 12H of
bank 0.

2.3.3 INDIRECTLY ADDRESSING MODE

The indirectly addressing mode is to access the memory by the data pointer registers (Y/Z).

 Example: Indirectly addressing mode with @YZ register.

B0MOV Y, #0 ; To clear Y register to access RAM bank 0.

B0MOV Z, #12H ; To set an immediate data 12H into Z register.
B0MOV A, @YZ ; Use data pointer @YZ reads a data from RAM location
; 012H into ACC.

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2.4 STACK OPERATION

2.4.1 OVERVIEW
The stack buffer has 4-level. These buffers are designed to push and pop up program counter’s (PC) data when
interrupt service routine and “CALL” instruction are executed. The STKP register is a pointer designed to point active
level in order to push or pop up data from stack buffer. The STKnH and STKnL are the stack buffers to store program
counter (PC) data.

RET / CALL /
RETI INTERRUPT
PCH PCL

STACK Buffer STACK Buffer

STACK Level
High Byte Low Byte

STKP = 3 STK3H STK3L

STKP + 1 STKP - 1

STKP = 2 STK2H STK2L

STKP = 1 STK1H STK1L

STKP STKP
STKP = 0 STK0H STK0L

2.4.2 STACK REGISTERS

The stack pointer (STKP) is a 2-bit register to store the address used to access the stack buffer, 10-bit data memory
(STKnH and STKnL) set aside for temporary storage of stack addresses.
The two stack operations are writing to the top of the stack (push) and reading from the top of stack (pop). Push
operation decrements the STKP and the pop operation increments each time. That makes the STKP always point to
the top address of stack buffer and write the last program counter value (PC) into the stack buffer.
The program counter (PC) value is stored in the stack buffer before a CALL instruction executed or during interrupt
service routine. Stack operation is a LIFO type (Last in and first out). The stack pointer (STKP) and stack buffer
(STKnH and STKnL) are located in the system register area bank 0.

0DFH Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

STKP GIE - - - - - STKPB1 STKPB0
Read/Write R/W - - - - - R/W R/W
After reset 0 - - - - - 1 1

Bit[2:0] STKPBn: Stack pointer (n = 0 ~ 1)

Bit 7 GIE: Global interrupt control bit.

0 = Disable.
1 = Enable. Please refer to the interrupt chapter.

 Example: Stack pointer (STKP) reset, we strongly recommended to clear the stack pointers in the
beginning of the program.

MOV A, #00000011B
B0MOV STKP, A

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0F0H~0F8H Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

STKnH - - - - - - SnPC9 SnPC8
Read/Write - - - - - - R/W R/W
After reset - - - - - - 0 0

0F0H~0F8H Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

STKnL SnPC7 SnPC6 SnPC5 SnPC4 SnPC3 SnPC2 SnPC1 SnPC0
Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
After reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

STKn = STKnH , STKnL (n = 3 ~ 0)

2.4.3 STACK OPERATION EXAMPLE

The two kinds of Stack-Save operations refer to the stack pointer (STKP) and write the content of program counter (PC)
to the stack buffer are CALL instruction and interrupt service. Under each condition, the STKP decreases and points to
the next available stack location. The stack buffer stores the program counter about the op-code address. The
Stack-Save operation is as the following table.

STKP Register Stack Buffer

Stack Level Description
STKPB1 STKPB0 High Byte Low Byte
0 1 1 Free Free -
1 1 0 STK0H STK0L -
2 0 1 STK1H STK1L -
3 0 0 STK2H STK2L -
4 1 1 STK3H STK3L -
>4 1 0 - - Stack Over, error

There are Stack-Restore operations correspond to each push operation to restore the program counter (PC). The RETI
instruction uses for interrupt service routine. The RET instruction is for CALL instruction. When a pop operation occurs,
the STKP is incremented and points to the next free stack location. The stack buffer restores the last program counter
(PC) to the program counter registers. The Stack-Restore operation is as the following table.

STKP Register Stack Buffer

Stack Level Description
STKPB1 STKPB0 High Byte Low Byte
4 1 1 STK3H STK3L -
3 0 0 STK2H STK2L -
2 0 1 STK1H STK1L -
1 1 0 STK0H STK0L -
0 1 1 Free Free -

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2.5 CODE OPTION TABLE

The code option is the system hardware configurations including system clock rate, noise filter option, watchdog timer
operation, LVD option, reset pin option and OTP ROM security control. The code option items are as following table:

Code Option Content Function Description

Enable Enable Noise Filter and Fcpu is Fosc/4~Fosc/128.
Noise_Filter
Disable Disable Noise Filter and Fcpu is Fosc/1~Fosc/128.
Fhosc/1 Instruction cycle is 1 oscillator clocks. Noise Filter must be disabled.
Fhosc/2 Instruction cycle is 2 oscillator clocks. Noise Filter must be disabled.
Fhosc/4 Instruction cycle is 4 oscillator clocks.
Fhosc/8 Instruction cycle is 8 oscillator clocks.
Fcpu
Fhosc/16 Instruction cycle is 16 oscillator clocks.
Fhosc/32 Instruction cycle is 32 oscillator clocks.
Fhosc/64 Instruction cycle is 64 oscillator clocks.
Fhosc/128 Instruction cycle is 128 oscillator clocks.
High speed internal 16MHz RC. XIN/XOUT pins are bi-direction GPIO
IHRC_16M
mode.
High speed internal 16MHz RC. XIN/XOUT pins are connected to
IHRC_RTC
external 32768Hz crystal.
Low cost RC for external high clock oscillator. XIN pin is connected to RC
RC
High_Clk oscillator. XOUT pin is bi-direction GPIO mode.
Low frequency, power saving crystal (e.g. 32.768KHz) for external high
32K X’tal
clock oscillator.
High speed crystal /resonator (e.g. 12MHz) for external high clock
12M X’tal
oscillator.
4M X’tal Standard crystal /resonator (e.g. 4M) for external high clock oscillator.
Watchdog timer is always on enable even in power down and green
Always_On
mode.
Watch_Dog Enable watchdog timer. Watchdog timer stops in power down mode and
Enable
green mode.
Disable Disable Watchdog function.
Reset Enable External reset pin.
Reset_Pin
P15 Enable P1.5 input only without pull-up resister.
Enable Enable ROM code Security function.
Security
Disable Disable ROM code Security function.
Enable low power to reduce operating current. Fcpu should be less than
Enable
Low_Power or equal to 2 MIPS.
Disable Disable low power option.
LVD_L LVD will reset chip if VDD is below 2.0V
LVD will reset chip if VDD is below 2.0V
LVD_M
Enable LVD24 bit of PFLAG register for 2.4V low voltage indicator.
LVD
LVD will reset chip if VDD is below 2.4V
LVD_H
Enable LVD36 bit of PFLAG register for 3.6V low voltage indicator.
LVD_MAX LVD will reset chip if VDD is below 3.6V
40mA P5.0~P5.3, P5.5 sink current is 40mA.
P5_SINK
15mA P5.0~P5.3, P5.5 sink current is 15mA.

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2.5.1 Fcpu code option

Fcpu means instruction cycle of normal mode (high clock). In slow mode, the system clock source is internal low speed
RC oscillator. The Fcpu of slow mode isn’t controlled by Fcpu code option and fixed Flosc/4 (16KHz/4 @3V, 32KHz/4
@5V). When Noise Filter enable, Fcpu support Fhosc/4~Fhosc/128 only. If Low_Power enable, Fcpu should be less
than or equal to 2 MIPS.

2.5.2 Reset_Pin code option

The reset pin is shared with general input only pin controlled by code option.
 Reset: The reset pin is external reset function. When falling edge trigger occurring, the system will be reset.
 P15: Set reset pin to general input only pin (P1.5). The external reset function is disabled and the pin is input pin.

2.5.3 Security code option

Security code option is OTP ROM protection. When enable security code option, the ROM code is secured and not
dumped complete ROM contents.

2.5.4 Noise Filter code option

Noise Filter code option is a power noise filter manner to reduce noisy effect of system clock. If noise filter enable,
Fcpu is limited below Fhosc/1 and Fhosc/2. The fast Fcpu rate is Fhosc/4. If noise filter disable, the Fhosc/1 and
Fhosc/2 options are released. In high noisy environment, enable noise filter, enable watchdog timer and select a good
LVD level can make whole system work well and avoid error event occurrence.

2.5.5 Low_Power code option

The Low_Power code option can reduce operating current and only support system clock less than or equal to 2 MIPS.

 Fcpu, Noise_Filter & Low_Power Selection Table :

Code Option
High_Clk Remark
Low_Power Frequency (Hz) Noise_Filter Fcpu (limit)
Clock
IHRC_16M &
16M - Fhosc/8~Fhosc/128
IHRC_RTC
External Crystal Fhosc ≦ 8M Fhosc/4~Fhosc/128
Enable
or RC 8M < Fhosc ≦ 16M Fhosc/8~Fhosc/128 Fcpu should be
less than or
Enable Fhosc ≦ 2M Fhosc/1~Fhosc/128 equal to 2
2M < Fhosc ≦ 4M Fhosc/2~Fhosc/128 MIPS.
External Crystal
Disable
or RC 4M < Fhosc ≦ 8M Fhosc/4~Fhosc/128
8M < Fhosc ≦ 16M Fhosc/8~Fhosc/128
IHRC_16M &
-
IHRC_RTC
Enable Fhosc/4~Fhosc/128
External Crystal
-
or RC
Disable
IHRC_16M &
-
IHRC_RTC
Disable Fhosc/1~Fhosc/128
External Crystal
-
or RC

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3 RESET
3.1 OVERVIEW
The system would be reset in three conditions as following.

 Power on reset
 Watchdog reset
 Brown out reset
 External reset (only supports external reset pin enable situation)

When any reset condition occurs, all system registers keep initial status, program stops and program counter is cleared.
After reset status released, the system boots up and program starts to execute from ORG 0. The NT0, NPD flags
indicate system reset status. The system can depend on NT0, NPD status and go to different paths by program.
086H Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
PFLAG NT0 NPD LVD36 LVD24 - C DC Z
Read/Write R/W R/W R R - R/W R/W R/W
After reset - - 0 0 - 0 0 0

Bit [7:6] NT0, NPD: Reset status flag.

NT0 NPD Condition Description
0 0 Watchdog reset Watchdog timer overflow.
0 1 Reserved -
1 0 Power on reset and LVD reset. Power voltage is lower than LVD detecting level.
1 1 External reset External reset pin detect low level status.

Finishing any reset sequence needs some time. The system provides complete procedures to make the power on reset
successful. For different oscillator types, the reset time is different. That causes the VDD rise rate and start-up time of
different oscillator is not fixed. RC type oscillator’s start-up time is very short, but the crystal type is longer. Under client
terminal application, users have to take care the power on reset time for the master terminal requirement. The reset
timing diagram is as following.

VDD LVD Detect Level

Power VSS

VDD

External Reset VSS External Reset

External Reset High Detect
Low Detect Watchdog
Overflow
Watchdog Normal Run

Watchdog Reset Watchdog Stop

System Normal Run

System Status System Stop

Power On External Watchdog
Delay Time Reset Delay Reset Delay
Time Time

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3.2 POWER ON RESET

The power on reset depend no LVD operation for most power-up situations. The power supplying to system is a rising
curve and needs some time to achieve the normal voltage. Power on reset sequence is as following.

 Power-up: System detects the power voltage up and waits for power stable.
 External reset (only external reset pin enable): System checks external reset pin status. If external reset pin is
not high level, the system keeps reset status and waits external reset pin released.
 System initialization: All system registers is set as initial conditions and system is ready.
 Oscillator warm up: Oscillator operation is successfully and supply to system clock.
 Program executing: Power on sequence is finished and program executes from ORG 0.

3.3 WATCHDOG RESET

Watchdog reset is a system protection. In normal condition, system works well and clears watchdog timer by program.
Under error condition, system is in unknown situation and watchdog can’t be clear by program before watchdog timer
overflow. Watchdog timer overflow occurs and the system is reset. After watchdog reset, the system restarts and
returns normal mode. Watchdog reset sequence is as following.

 Watchdog timer status: System checks watchdog timer overflow status. If watchdog timer overflow occurs, the
system is reset.
 System initialization: All system registers is set as initial conditions and system is ready.
 Oscillator warm up: Oscillator operation is successfully and supply to system clock.
 Program executing: Power on sequence is finished and program executes from ORG 0.

Watchdog timer application note is as following.

 Before clearing watchdog timer, check I/O status and check RAM contents can improve system error.
 Don’t clear watchdog timer in interrupt vector and interrupt service routine. That can improve main routine fail.
 Clearing watchdog timer program is only at one part of the program. This way is the best structure to enhance the
watchdog timer function.

 Note: Please refer to the “WATCHDOG TIMER” about watchdog timer detail information.

3.4 BROWN OUT RESET

The brown out reset is a power dropping condition. The power drops from normal voltage to low voltage by external
factors (e.g. EFT interference or external loading changed). The brown out reset would make the system not work well
or executing program error.
VDD

System Work
Well Area
V1

System Work
V2
V3 Error Area
VSS
Brown Out Reset Diagram

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The power dropping might through the voltage range that’s the system dead-band. The dead-band means the power
range can’t offer the system minimum operation power requirement. The above diagram is a typical brown out reset
diagram. There is a serious noise under the VDD, and VDD voltage drops very deep. There is a dotted line to separate
the system working area. The above area is the system work well area. The below area is the system work error area
called dead-band. V1 doesn’t touch the below area and not effect the system operation. But the V2 and V3 is under the
below area and may induce the system error occurrence. Let system under dead-band includes some conditions.

DC application:
The power source of DC application is usually using battery. When low battery condition and MCU drive any loading,
the power drops and keeps in dead-band. Under the situation, the power won’t drop deeper and not touch the system
reset voltage. That makes the system under dead-band.

AC application:
In AC power application, the DC power is regulated from AC power source. This kind of power usually couples with AC
noise that makes the DC power dirty. Or the external loading is very heavy, e.g. driving motor. The loading operating
induces noise and overlaps with the DC power. VDD drops by the noise, and the system works under unstable power
situation.
The power on duration and power down duration are longer in AC application. The system power on sequence protects
the power on successful, but the power down situation is like DC low battery condition. When turn off the AC power,
the VDD drops slowly and through the dead-band for a while.

3.5 THE SYSTEM OPERATING VOLTAGE

To improve the brown out reset needs to know the system minimum operating voltage which is depend on the system
executing rate and power level. Different system executing rates have different system minimum operating voltage.
The electrical characteristic section shows the system voltage to executing rate relationship.

System Mini.
Operating Voltage.
Vdd (V)

Normal Operating
Area

Dead-Band Area
System Reset
Voltage.
Reset Area

System Rate (Fcpu)

Normally the system operation voltage area is higher than the system reset voltage to VDD, and the reset voltage is
decided by LVD detect level. The system minimum operating voltage rises when the system executing rate upper even
higher than system reset voltage. The dead-band definition is the system minimum operating voltage above the system
reset voltage.

3.6 LOW VOLTAGE DETECTOR (LVD)

VDD LVD Detect Voltage

Power VSS
Power is below LVD Detect
Voltage and System Reset.

System Normal Run

System Status System Stop

Power On
Delay Time

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The LVD (low voltage detector) is built-in Sonix 8-bit MCU to be brown out reset protection. When the VDD drops and
is below LVD detect voltage, the LVD would be triggered, and the system is reset. The LVD detect level is different by
each MCU. The LVD voltage level is a point of voltage and not easy to cover all dead-band range. Using LVD to
improve brown out reset is depend on application requirement and environment. If the power variation is very deep,
violent and trigger the LVD, the LVD can be the protection. If the power variation can touch the LVD detect level and
make system work error, the LVD can’t be the protection and need to other reset methods. More detail LVD information
is in the electrical characteristic section.
The LVD is three levels design (2.0V/2.4V/3.6V) and controlled by LVD code option. The 2.0V LVD is always enable for
power on reset and Brown Out reset. The 2.4V LVD includes LVD reset function and flag function to indicate VDD
status function. The 3.6V includes flag function to indicate VDD status. LVD flag function can be an easy low battery
detector. LVD24, LVD36 flags indicate VDD voltage level. For low battery detect application, only checking LVD24,
LVD36 status to be battery status. This is a cheap and easy solution.

086H Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

PFLAG NT0 NPD LVD36 LVD24 - C DC Z
Read/Write R/W R/W R R - R/W R/W R/W
After reset - - 0 0 - 0 0 0

Bit 5 LVD36: LVD 3.6V operating flag and only support LVD code option is LVD_H.
0 = Inactive (VDD > 3.6V).
1 = Active (VDD ≦ 3.6V).

Bit 4 LVD24: LVD 2.4V operating flag and only support LVD code option is LVD_M.
0 = Inactive (VDD > 2.4V).
1 = Active (VDD ≦ 2.4V).

LVD Code Option

LVD
LVD_L LVD_M LVD_H LVD_MAX
2.0V Reset Available Available Available Available
2.4V Flag - Available - -
2.4V Reset - - Available -
3.6V Flag - - Available -
3.6V Reset - - - Available

LVD_L
If VDD < 2.0V, system will be reset.
Disable LVD24 and LVD36 bit of PFLAG register.
LVD_M
If VDD < 2.0V, system will be reset.
Enable LVD24 bit of PFLAG register. If VDD > 2.4V, LVD24 is “0”. If VDD ≦2.4V, LVD24 flag is “1”.
Disable LVD36 bit of PFLAG register.
LVD_H
If VDD < 2.4V, system will be reset.
Enable LVD24 bit of PFLAG register. If VDD > 2.4V, LVD24 is “0”. If VDD ≦2.4V, LVD24 flag is “1”.
Enable LVD36 bit of PFLAG register. If VDD > 3.6V, LVD36 is “0”. If VDD ≦3.6V, LVD36 flag is “1”.
LVD_MAX
If VDD < 3.6V, system will be reset.

 Note:
1. After any LVD reset, LVD24, LVD36 flags are cleared.
2. The voltage level of LVD 2.4V or 3.6V is for design reference only. Don’t use the LVD indicator as
precision VDD measurement.

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3.7 BROWN OUT RESET IMPROVEMENT

How to improve the brown reset condition? There are some methods to improve brown out reset as following.

 LVD reset
 Watchdog reset
 Reduce the system executing rate
 External reset circuit. (Zener diode reset circuit, Voltage bias reset circuit, External reset IC)

 Note:
1. The “ Zener diode reset circuit”, “Voltage bias reset circuit” and “External reset IC” can completely
improve the brown out reset, DC low battery and AC slow power down conditions.
2. For AC power application and enhance EFT performance, the system clock is 4MHz/4 (1 mips) and
use external reset (“ Zener diode reset circuit”, “Voltage bias reset circuit”, “External reset IC”).
The structure can improve noise effective and get good EFT characteristic.

Watchdog reset:
The watchdog timer is a protection to make sure the system executes well. Normally the watchdog timer would be clear
at one point of program. Don’t clear the watchdog timer in several addresses. The system executes normally and the
watchdog won’t reset system. When the system is under dead-band and the execution error, the watchdog timer can’t
be clear by program. The watchdog is continuously counting until overflow occurrence. The overflow signal of
watchdog timer triggers the system to reset, and the system return to normal mode after reset sequence. This method
also can improve brown out reset condition and make sure the system to return normal mode.
If the system reset by watchdog and the power is still in dead-band, the system reset sequence won’t be successful
and the system stays in reset status until the power return to normal range. Watchdog timer application note is as
following.

Reduce the system executing rate:

If the system rate is fast and the dead-band exists, to reduce the system executing rate can improve the dead-band.
The lower system rate is with lower minimum operating voltage. Select the power voltage that’s no dead-band issue
and find out the mapping system rate. Adjust the system rate to the value and the system exits the dead-band issue.
This way needs to modify whole program timing to fit the application requirement.

External reset circuit:

The external reset methods also can improve brown out reset and is the complete solution. There are three external
reset circuits to improve brown out reset including “Zener diode reset circuit”, “Voltage bias reset circuit” and “External
reset IC”. These three reset structures use external reset signal and control to make sure the MCU be reset under
power dropping and under dead-band. The external reset information is described in the next section.

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3.8 EXTERNAL RESET

External reset function is controlled by “Reset_Pin” code option. Set the code option as “Reset” option to enable
external reset function. External reset pin is Schmitt Trigger structure and low level active. The system is running when
reset pin is high level voltage input. The reset pin receives the low voltage and the system is reset. The external reset
operation actives in power on and normal running mode. During system power-up, the external reset pin must be high
level input, or the system keeps in reset status. External reset sequence is as following.

 External reset (only external reset pin enable): System checks external reset pin status. If external reset pin is
not high level, the system keeps reset status and waits external reset pin released.
 System initialization: All system registers is set as initial conditions and system is ready.
 Oscillator warm up: Oscillator operation is successfully and supply to system clock.
 Program executing: Power on sequence is finished and program executes from ORG 0.

The external reset can reset the system during power on duration, and good external reset circuit can protect the
system to avoid working at unusual power condition, e.g. brown out reset in AC power application…

3.9 EXTERNAL RESET CIRCUIT

3.9.1 Simply RC Reset Circuit

VDD

R1
47K ohm

R2

100 ohm
RST
MCU
C1
0.1uF
VSS

VCC

GND

This is the basic reset circuit, and only includes R1 and C1. The RC circuit operation makes a slow rising signal into
reset pin as power up. The reset signal is slower than VDD power up timing, and system occurs a power on signal from
the timing difference.

 Note: The reset circuit is no any protection against unusual power or brown out reset.

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3.9.2 Diode & RC Reset Circuit

VDD

DIODE R1
47K ohm

R2

100 ohm
RST
MCU
C1
0.1uF
VSS

VCC

GND

This is the better reset circuit. The R1 and C1 circuit operation is like the simply reset circuit to make a power on signal.
The reset circuit has a simply protection against unusual power. The diode offers a power positive path to conduct
higher power to VDD. It is can make reset pin voltage level to synchronize with VDD voltage. The structure can
improve slight brown out reset condition.

 Note: The R2 100 ohm resistor of “Simply reset circuit” and “Diode & RC reset circuit” is necessary to
limit any current flowing into reset pin from external capacitor C in the event of reset pin breakdown due
to Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) or Electrical Over-stress (EOS).

3.9.3 Zener Diode Reset Circuit

VDD

R1
33K ohm E
R2
B
Q1
10K ohm
C RST
MCU
Vz
R3
40K ohm
VSS

VCC

GND

The zener diode reset circuit is a simple low voltage detector and can improve brown out reset condition
completely. Use zener voltage to be the active level. When VDD voltage level is above “Vz + 0.7V”, the C terminal of
the PNP transistor outputs high voltage and MCU operates normally. When VDD is below “Vz + 0.7V”, the C terminal of
the PNP transistor outputs low voltage and MCU is in reset mode. Decide the reset detect voltage by zener
specification. Select the right zener voltage to conform the application.

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3.9.4 Voltage Bias Reset Circuit

VDD
R1
47K ohm E
B
Q1

R2
C RST
MCU
10K ohm R3
2K ohm
VSS

VCC

GND

The voltage bias reset circuit is a low cost voltage detector and can improve brown out reset condition completely.
The operating voltage is not accurate as zener diode reset circuit. Use R1, R2 bias voltage to be the active level. When
VDD voltage level is above or equal to “0.7V x (R1 + R2) / R1”, the C terminal of the PNP transistor outputs high
voltage and MCU operates normally. When VDD is below “0.7V x (R1 + R2) / R1”, the C terminal of the PNP transistor
outputs low voltage and MCU is in reset mode.
Decide the reset detect voltage by R1, R2 resistances. Select the right R1, R2 value to conform the application. In the
circuit diagram condition, the MCU’s reset pin level varies with VDD voltage variation, and the differential voltage is
0.7V. If the VDD drops and the voltage lower than reset pin detect level, the system would be reset. If want to make the
reset active earlier, set the R2 > R1 and the cap between VDD and C terminal voltage is larger than 0.7V. The external
reset circuit is with a stable current through R1 and R2. For power consumption issue application, e.g. DC power
system, the current must be considered to whole system power consumption.

 Note: Under unstable power condition as brown out reset, “Zener diode rest circuit” and “Voltage bias
reset circuit” can protects system no any error occurrence as power dropping. When power drops below
the reset detect voltage, the system reset would be triggered, and then system executes reset sequence.
That makes sure the system work well under unstable power situation.

3.9.5 External Reset IC

VDD

Bypass
Capacitor
VDD 0.1uF

Reset
IC
RST RST MCU
VSS
VSS

VCC

GND

The external reset circuit also use external reset IC to enhance MCU reset performance. This is a high cost and good
effect solution. By different application and system requirement to select suitable reset IC. The reset circuit can
improve all power variation.

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4 SYSTEM CLOCK
4.1 OVERVIEW
The micro-controller is a dual clock system including high-speed and low-speed clocks. The high-speed clock includes
internal high-speed oscillator and external oscillators selected by “High_CLK” code option. The low-speed clock is from
internal low-speed oscillator controlled by “CLKMD” bit of OSCM register. Both high-speed clock and low-speed clock
can be system clock source through a divider to decide the system clock rate.

 High-speed oscillator
Internal high-speed oscillator is 16MHz RC type called “IHRC”.
External high-speed oscillator includes crystal/ceramic (4MHz, 12MHz, 32KHz) and RC type.

 Low-speed oscillator
Internal low-speed oscillator is 16KHz @3V, 32KHz @5V RC type called “ILRC”.

 System clock block diagram

Fcpu Code Option
STPHX HOSC CLKMD

Fosc
XIN Fcpu = Fhosc/1 ~ Fhosc/128, Noise Filter Disable.
Fhosc.
XOUT Fcpu = Fhosc/4 ~ Fhosc/128, Noise Filter Enable.
Fcpu

Fosc
CPUM[1:0]

Flosc. Fcpu = Flosc/4

 HOSC: High_Clk code option.

 Fhosc: External high-speed clock / Internal high-speed RC clock.
 Flosc: Internal low-speed RC clock (about 16KHz@3V, 32KHz@5V).
 Fosc: System clock source.
 Fcpu: Instruction cycle.

SONIX provides a “Noise Filter” controlled by code option. In high noisy situation, the noise filter can isolate noise
outside and protect system works well. The minimum Fcpu of high clock is limited at Fhosc/4 when noise filter enable.

4.2 FCPU (INSTRUCTION CYCLE)

The system clock rate is instruction cycle called “Fcpu” which is divided from the system clock source and decides the
system operating rate. Fcpu rate is selected by Fcpu code option and the range is Fhosc/1~Fhosc/128 under system
normal mode. If the system high clock source is external 4MHz crystal, and the Fcpu code option is Fhosc/4, the Fcpu
frequency is 4MHz/4 = 1MHz. Under system slow mode, the Fcpu is fixed Flosc/4, 16KHz/4=4KHz @3V,
32KHz/4=8KHz @5V.
The Fcpu range is limited by noise filter code option. If noise filter code option is disabled, the Fcpu range is
Fhosc/1~Fhosc/128. If noise filter code option is enabled, the Fcpu range is Fhosc/4~Fhosc/128 to reduce noise effect.

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4.3 NOISE FILTER

The Noise Filter controlled by “Noise_Filter” code option is a low pass filter and supports external oscillator including
RC and crystal modes. The purpose is to filter high rate noise coupling on high clock signal from external oscillator.

In high noisy environment, enable “Noise_Filter” code option is the strongly recommendation to reduce noise
effect.

4.4 SYSTEM HIGH-SPEED CLOCK

The system high-speed clock has internal and external two-type. The external high-speed clock includes 4MHz, 12MHz,
32KHz crystal/ceramic and RC type. These high-speed oscillators are selected by “High_CLK” code option. The
internal high-speed clock supports real time clock (RTC) function. Under “IHRC_RTC” mode, the internal high-speed
clock and external 32KHz oscillator active. The internal high-speed clock is the system clock source, and the external
32KHz oscillator is the RTC clock source to supply a accurately real time clock rate.

4.5 HIGH_CLK CODE OPTION

For difference clock functions, Sonix provides multi-type system high clock options controlled by “High_CLK” code
option. The High_CLK code option defines the system oscillator types including IHRC_16M, IHRC_RTC, RC, 32K X’tal,
12M X’tal and 4M X’tal. These oscillator options support different bandwidth oscillator.

 IHRC_16M: The system high-speed clock source is internal high-speed 16MHz RC type oscillator. In the mode,
XIN and XOUT pins are bi-direction GPIO mode, and not to connect any external oscillator device.
 IHRC_RTC: The system high-speed clock source is internal high-speed 16MHz RC type oscillator. The RTC
clock source is external low-speed 32768Hz crystal. The XIN and XOUT pins are defined to drive external
32768Hz crystal and disables GPIO function.
 RC: The system high-speed clock source is external low cost RC type oscillator. The RC oscillator circuit only
connects to XIN pin, and the XOUT pin is bi-direction GPIO mode.
 32K X’tal: The system high-speed clock source is external low-speed 32768Hz crystal. The option only supports
32768Hz crystal and the RTC function is workable.
 12M X’tal: The system high-speed clock source is external high-speed crystal/ceramic. The oscillator bandwidth
is 10MHz~16MHz.
 4M X’tal: The system high-speed clock source is external high-speed crystal/resonator. The oscillator bandwidth
is 1MHz~10MHz.

For power consumption under “IHRC_RTC” mode, the internal high-speed oscillator and internal low–speed oscillator
stops and only external 32KHz crystal actives under green mode. The condition is the watchdog timer can’t be
“Always_On” option, or the internal low-speed oscillator actives.

4.5.1 INTERNAL HIGH-SPEED OSCILLATOR RC TYPE (IHRC)

The internal high-speed oscillator is 16MHz RC type. The accuracy is ±2% under commercial condition. When the
“High_CLK” code option is “IHRC_16M” or “IHRC_RTC”, the internal high-speed oscillator is enabled.

 IHRC_16M: The system high-speed clock is internal 16MHz oscillator RC type. XIN/XOUT pins are general
purpose I/O pins.
 IHRC_RTC: The system high-speed clock is internal 16MHz oscillator RC type, and the real time clock is external
32768Hz crystal. XIN/XOUT pins connect with external 32768Hz crystal.

4.5.2 EXTERNAL HIGH-SPEED OSCILLATOR

The external high-speed oscillator includes 4MHz, 12MHz, 32KHz and RC type. The 4MHz, 12MHz and 32KHz
oscillators support crystal and ceramic types connected to XIN/XOUT pins with 20pF capacitors to ground. The RC
type is a low cost RC circuit only connected to XIN pin. The capacitance is not below 100pF, and use the resistance to
decide the frequency.

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4.5.3 EXTERNAL OSCILLATOR APPLICATION CIRCUIT

CRYSTAL/CERAMIC RC Type

XOUT

XIN XIN

CRYSTAL XOUT MCU C R

MCU
C C
VDD
VDD VSS
20pF 20pF
VSS

VCC
VCC
GND
GND

 Note: Connect the Crystal/Ceramic and C as near as possible to the XIN/XOUT/VSS pins of
micro-controller. Connect the R and C as near as possible to the VDD pin of micro-controller.

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4.6 SYSTEM LOW-SPEED CLOCK

The system low clock source is the internal low-speed oscillator built in the micro-controller. The low-speed oscillator
uses RC type oscillator circuit. The frequency is affected by the voltage and temperature of the system. In common
condition, the frequency of the RC oscillator is about 16KHz at 3V and 32KHz at 5V. The relation between the RC
frequency and voltage is as the following figure.

Internal Low RC Frequency

45.00
40.00 40.80
38.08
35.00 35.40
Freq. (KHz)

32.52
30.00 29.20
25.96
25.00
22.24 ILRC
20.00 18.88
17.24
16.00
15.00 14.72

10.00 10.64
7.52
5.00
0.00
2.1 2.5 3 3.1 3.3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7

VDD (V)

The internal low RC supports watchdog clock source and system slow mode controlled by “CLKMD” bit of OSCM
register.

 Flosc = Internal low RC oscillator (about 16KHz @3V, 32KHz @5V).

 Slow mode Fcpu = Flosc / 4

There are two conditions to stop internal low RC. One is power down mode, and the other is green mode of 32K mode
and watchdog disable. If system is in 32K mode and watchdog disable, only 32K oscillator actives and system is under
low power consumption.

 Example: Stop internal low-speed oscillator by power down mode.

B0BSET FCPUM0 ; To stop external high-speed oscillator and internal low-speed

; oscillator called power down mode (sleep mode).

 Note: The internal low-speed clock can’t be turned off individually. It is controlled by CPUM0, CPUM1
(32K, watchdog disable) bits of OSCM register.

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4.7 OSCM REGISTER

The OSCM register is an oscillator control register. It controls oscillator status, system mode.

0CAH Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

OSCM 0 0 0 CPUM1 CPUM0 CLKMD STPHX 0
Read/Write - - - R/W R/W R/W R/W -
After reset - - - 0 0 0 0 -

Bit 1 STPHX: External high-speed oscillator control bit.

0 = External high-speed oscillator free run.
1 = External high-speed oscillator free run stop. Internal low-speed RC oscillator is still running.

Bit 2 CLKMD: System high/Low clock mode control bit.

0 = Normal (dual) mode. System clock is high clock.
1 = Slow mode. System clock is internal low clock.

Bit[4:3] CPUM[1:0]: CPU operating mode control bits.

00 = normal.
01 = sleep (power down) mode.
10 = green mode.
11 = reserved.

“STPHX” bit controls internal high speed RC type oscillator and external oscillator operations. When “STPHX=0”, the
external oscillator or internal high speed RC type oscillator active. When “STPHX=1”, the external oscillator or internal
high speed RC type oscillator are disabled. The STPHX function is depend on different high clock options to do
different controls.

 IHRC_16M: “STPHX=1” disables internal high speed RC type oscillator.

 IHRC_RTC: “STPHX=1” disables internal high speed RC type oscillator and external 32768Hz crystal.
 RC, 4M, 12M, 32K: “STPHX=1” disables external oscillator.

4.8 SYSTEM CLOCK MEASUREMENT

Under design period, the users can measure system clock speed by software instruction cycle (Fcpu). This way is
useful in RC mode.

 Example: Fcpu instruction cycle of external oscillator.

B0BSET P0M.0 ; Set P0.0 to be output mode for outputting Fcpu toggle signal.

@@:
B0BSET P0.0 ; Output Fcpu toggle signal in low-speed clock mode.
B0BCLR P0.0 ; Measure the Fcpu frequency by oscilloscope.
JMP @B

 Note: Do not measure the RC frequency directly from XIN; the probe impendence will affect the RC
frequency.

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4.9 SYSTEM CLOCK TIMING

Parameter Symbol Description Typical
Hardware configuration time Tcfg 2048*FILRC 64ms @ FILRC = 32KHz
128ms @ FILRC = 16KHz
Oscillator start up time Tost The start-up time is depended on oscillator’s material, -
factory and architecture. Normally, the low-speed
oscillator’s start-up time is lower than high-speed
oscillator. The RC type oscillator’s start-up time is faster
than crystal type oscillator.
Oscillator warm-up time Tosp Oscillator warm-up time of reset condition. 64ms @ Fhosc = 32KHz
2048*Fhosc 512us @ Fhosc = 4MHz
(Power on reset, LVD reset, watchdog reset, external 128us @ Fhosc = 16MHz
reset pin active.)
Oscillator warm-up time of power down mode wake-up X’tal:
condition. 64ms @ Fhosc = 32KHz
2048*Fhosc ……Crystal/resonator type oscillator, e.g. 512us @ Fhosc = 4MHz
32768Hz crystal, 4MHz crystal, 16MHz crystal… 128us @ Fhosc = 16MHz
32*Fhosc……RC type oscillator, e.g. external RC type RC:
oscillator, internal high-speed RC type oscillator. 8us @ Fhosc = 4MHz
2us @ Fhosc = 16MHz

 Power On Reset Timing

Vdd Vp

Power On Reset
Flag

Oscillator
Tcfg Tost Tosp
Fcpu
(Instruction Cycle)

 External Reset Pin Reset Timing

Reset pin falling edge trigger system reset.

External Reset Pin

Reset pin returns to high status.

External Reset
Flag

Oscillator
Tcfg Tost Tosp
Fcpu
(Instruction Cycle)
System is under reset
status.

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 Watchdog Reset Timing

Watchdog timer overflow.

Watchdog Reset
Flag

Oscillator
Tcfg Tost Tosp
Fcpu
(Instruction Cycle)

 Power Down Mode Wake-up Timing

Edge trigger system wake-up.

Wake-up Pin
Falling Edge

Wake-up Pin
Rising Edge

Oscillator
Tost
Tosp
Fcpu
(Instruction Cycle)

System inserts into power down mode.

 Green Mode Wake-up Timing

Edge trigger system wake-up.

Wake-up Pin
Falling Edge

Wake-up Pin
Rising Edge
Timer overflow.

Timer ... 0xFD 0xFE 0xFF 0x00 0x01 0x02 ... ... ... ... ...

Oscillator

Fcpu
(Instruction Cycle)

System inserts into green mode.

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 Oscillator Start-up Time

The start-up time is depended on oscillator’s material, factory and architecture. Normally, the low-speed oscillator’s
start-up time is lower than high-speed oscillator. The RC type oscillator’s start-up time is faster than crystal type
oscillator.

RC Oscillator
Tost

Ceramic/Resonator
Tost

Crystal
Tost

Low Speed Crystal

(32K, 455K)
Tost

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5 SYSTEM OPERATION MODE

5.1 OVERVIEW
The chip builds in four operating mode for difference clock rate and power saving reason. These modes control
oscillators, op-code operation and analog peripheral devices’ operation.

 Normal mode: System high-speed operating mode.

 Slow mode: System low-speed operating mode.
 Power down mode: System power saving mode (Sleep mode).
 Green mode: System ideal mode.

Operating Mode Control Block

One of reset trigger sources actives.

Wake-up condition:
P0, P1 input status is level changing. Power Down Mode

One of reset trigger sources actives. CPUM1, CPUM0 = 01.

CLKMD = 1
Reset Control Block Normal Mode CLKMD = 0 Slow Mode

CPUM1, CPUM0 = 10.

Wake-up condition: Wake-up condition:

P0, P1 input status is level changing. P0, P1 input status is level changing.
T0 timer counter is overflow.
Green Mode T0 timer counter is overflow.

One of reset trigger sources actives.

Operating Mode Clock Control Table

Operating Power Down

Normal Mode Slow Mode Green Mode
Mode Mode
EHOSC Running By STPHX By STPHX Stop
IHRC Running By STPHX By STPHX Stop
ILRC Running Running Running Stop
EHOSC with RTC Running By STPHX Running Stop
IHRC with RTC Running By STPHX Stop Stop
ILRC with RTC Running Running Stop Stop
CPU instruction Executing Executing Stop Stop
T0 timer By T0ENB By T0ENB By T0ENB Inactive
By TC0ENB
TC0 timer By TC0ENB By TC0ENB Inactive
(PWM/Buzzer active)
BZOUT By BZEN By BZEN By BZEN Inactive
By Watch_Dog By Watch_Dog By Watch_Dog By Watch_Dog
Watchdog timer
Code option Code option Code option Code option
Internal interrupt All active All active T0 All inactive
External interrupt All active All active All active All inactive
Wakeup source - - P0, P1, T0 Reset P0, P1, Reset

 EHOSC: External high-speed oscillator (XIN/XOUT).

 IHRC: Internal high-speed oscillator RC type.
 ILRC: Internal low-speed oscillator RC type.

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5.2 NORMAL MODE

The Normal Mode is system high clock operating mode. The system clock source is from high speed oscillator. The
program is executed. After power on and any reset trigger released, the system inserts into normal mode to execute
program. When the system is wake-up from power down mode, the system also inserts into normal mode. In normal
mode, the high speed oscillator actives, and the power consumption is largest of all operating modes.

 The program is executed, and full functions are controllable.

 The system rate is high speed.
 The high speed oscillator and internal low speed RC type oscillator active.
 Normal mode can be switched to other operating modes through OSCM register.
 Power down mode is wake-up to normal mode.
 Slow mode is switched to normal mode.
 Green mode from normal mode is wake-up to normal mode.

5.3 SLOW MODE

The slow mode is system low clock operating mode. The system clock source is from internal low speed RC type
oscillator. The slow mode is controlled by CLKMD bit of OSCM register. When CLKMD=0, the system is in normal
mode. When CLKMD=1, the system inserts into slow mode. The high speed oscillator won’t be disabled automatically
after switching to slow mode, and must be disabled by SPTHX bit to reduce power consumption. In slow mode, the
system rate is fixed Flosc/4 (Flosc is internal low speed RC type oscillator frequency).

 The program is executed, and full functions are controllable.

 The system rate is low speed (Flosc/4).
 The internal low speed RC type oscillator actives, and the high speed oscillator is controlled by STPHX=1. In slow
mode, to stop high speed oscillator is strongly recommendation.
 Slow mode can be switched to other operating modes through OSCM register.
 Power down mode from slow mode is wake-up to normal mode.
 Normal mode is switched to slow mode.
 Green mode from slow mode is wake-up to slow mode.

5.4 POWER DOWN MODE

The power down mode is the system ideal status. No program execution and oscillator operation. Whole chip is under
low power consumption status under 1uA. The power down mode is waked up by P0, P1 hardware level change trigger.
P1 wake-up function is controlled by P1W register. Any operating modes into power down mode, the system is waked
up to normal mode. Inserting power down mode is controlled by CPUM0 bit of OSCM register. When CPUM0=1, the
system inserts into power down mode. After system wake-up from power down mode, the CPUM0 bit is disabled (zero
status) automatically.

 The program stops executing, and full functions are disabled.

 All oscillators including external high speed oscillator, internal high speed oscillator and internal low speed
oscillator stop.
 The power consumption is under 1uA.
 The system inserts into normal mode after wake-up from power down mode.
 The power down mode wake-up source is P0 and P1 level change trigger.

 Note: If the system is in normal mode, to set STPHX=1 to disable the high clock oscillator. The system is
under no system clock condition. This condition makes the system stay as power down mode, and can
be wake-up by P0, P1 level change trigger.

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5.5 GREEN MODE

The green mode is another system ideal status not like power down mode. In power down mode, all functions and
hardware devices are disabled. But in green mode, the system clock source keeps running, so the power consumption
of green mode is larger than power down mode. In green mode, the program isn’t executed, but the timer with wake-up
function actives as enabled, and the timer clock source is the non-stop system clock. The green mode has 2 wake-up
sources. One is the P0, P1 level change trigger wake-up. The other one is internal timer with wake-up function
occurring overflow. That’s mean users can setup one fix period to timer, and the system is waked up until the time out.
Inserting green mode is controlled by CPUM1 bit of OSCM register. When CPUM1=1, the system inserts into green
mode. After system wake-up from green mode, the CPUM1 bit is disabled (zero status) automatically.

 The program stops executing, and full functions are disabled.

 Only the timer with wake-up function actives.
 The oscillator to be the system clock source keeps running, and the other oscillators operation is depend on
system operation mode configuration.
 If inserting green mode from normal mode, the system insets to normal mode after wake-up.
 If inserting green mode from slow mode, the system insets to slow mode after wake-up.
 The green mode wake-up sources are P0, P1 level change trigger and unique time overflow.
 PWM and buzzer output functions active in green mode, but the timer can’t wake-up the system as overflow.

 Note: Sonix provides “GreenMode” macro to control green mode operation. It is necessary to use
“GreenMode” macro to control system inserting green mode.
The macro includes three instructions. Please take care the macro length as using BRANCH type
instructions, e.g. bts0, bts1, b0bts0, b0bts1, ins, incms, decs, decms, cmprs, jmp, or the routine would
be error.

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5.6 OPERATING MODE CONTROL MACRO

Sonix provides operating mode control macros to switch system operating mode easily.
Macro Length Description
SleepMode 1-word The system insets into Sleep Mode (Power Down Mode).
GreenMode 3-word The system inserts into Green Mode.
SlowMode 2-word The system inserts into Slow Mode and stops high speed oscillator.
Slow2Normal 5-word The system returns to Normal Mode from Slow Mode. The macro
includes operating mode switch, enable high speed oscillator, high
speed oscillator warm-up delay time.

 Example: Switch normal/slow mode to power down (sleep) mode.

SleepMode ; Declare “SleepMode” macro directly.

 Example: Switch normal mode to slow mode.

SlowMode ; Declare “SlowMode” macro directly.

 Example: Switch slow mode to normal mode (The external high-speed oscillator stops).

Slow2Normal ; Declare “Slow2Normal” macro directly.

 Example: Switch normal/slow mode to green mode.

GreenMode ; Declare “GreenMode” macro directly.

 Example: Switch normal/slow mode to green mode and enable T0 wake-up function.

; Set T0 timer wakeup function.

B0BCLR FT0IEN ; To disable T0 interrupt service
B0BCLR FT0ENB ; To disable T0 timer
MOV A,#20H ;
B0MOV T0M,A ; To set T0 clock = Fcpu / 64
MOV A,#74H
B0MOV T0C,A ; To set T0C initial value = 74H (To set T0 interval = 10 ms)
B0BCLR FT0IEN ; To disable T0 interrupt service
B0BCLR FT0IRQ ; To clear T0 interrupt request
B0BSET FT0ENB ; To enable T0 timer

; Go into green mode

GreenMode ; Declare “GreenMode” macro directly.

 Example: Switch normal/slow mode to green mode and enable T0 wake-up function with RTC.

CLR T0C ; Clear T0 counter.

B0BSET FT0TB ; Enable T0 RTC function.
B0BSET FT0ENB ; To enable T0 timer.

; Go into green mode

GreenMode ; Declare “GreenMode” macro directly.

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5.7 WAKEUP
5.7.1 OVERVIEW
Under power down mode (sleep mode) or green mode, program doesn’t execute. The wakeup trigger can wake the
system up to normal mode or slow mode. The wakeup trigger sources are external trigger (P0/P1 level change) and
internal trigger (T0 timer overflow).

 Power down mode is waked up to normal mode. The wakeup trigger is only external trigger (P0/P1 level change)
 Green mode is waked up to last mode (normal mode or slow mode). The wakeup triggers are external trigger
(P0/P1 level change) and internal trigger (T0 timer overflow).

5.7.2 WAKEUP TIME

When the system is in power down mode (sleep mode), the high clock oscillator stops. When waked up from power
down mode, MCU waits for 32 internal high-speed oscillator clocks as the wakeup time to stable the oscillator circuit.
After the wakeup time, the system goes into the normal mode.

 Note: Wakeup from green mode is no wakeup time because the clock doesn’t stop in green mode.

The value of the internal high clock oscillator RC type wakeup time is as the following.

The Wakeup time = 1/Fosc * 32 (sec) + high clock start-up time

 Example: In power down mode (sleep mode), the system is waked up. After the wakeup time, the system
goes into normal mode. The wakeup time is as the following.

The wakeup time = 1/Fosc * 32 = 2 us (Fhosc = 16MHz)

 Note: The high clock start-up time is depended on the VDD and oscillator type of high clock.

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5.7.3 P1W WAKEUP CONTROL REGISTER

Under power down mode (sleep mode) and green mode, the I/O ports with wakeup function are able to wake the
system up to normal mode. The wake-up trigger edge is level changing. When wake-up pin occurs rising edge or falling
edge, the system is waked up by the trigger edge. The Port 0 and Port 1 have wakeup function. Port 0 wakeup function
always enables, but the Port 1 is controlled by the P1W register.

0C0H Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

P1W - P16W P15W P14W P13W P12W P11W P10W
Read/Write - W W W W W W W
After reset - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit[7:0] P10W~P16W: Port 1 wakeup function control bits.

0 = Disable P1n wakeup function.
1 = Enable P1n wakeup function.

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6 INTERRUPT
6.1 OVERVIEW
This MCU provides three interrupt sources, including two internal interrupt (T0/TC0) and one external interrupt (INT0).
The external interrupt can wakeup the chip while the system is switched from power down mode to high-speed normal
mode. Once interrupt service is executed, the GIE bit in STKP register will clear to “0” for stopping other interrupt
request. On the contrast, when interrupt service exits, the GIE bit will set to “1” to accept the next interrupts’ request. All
of the interrupt request signals are stored in INTRQ register.

INTEN Interrupt Enable Register

INTRQ P00IRQ Interrupt

INT0 Trigger
Interrupt Vector Address (0008H)
T0IRQ
T0 Time Out 3-Bit Enable
Global Interrupt Request Signal
TC0IRQ
TC0 Time Out
Latchs Gating

 Note: The GIE bit must enable during all interrupt operation.

6.2 INTEN INTERRUPT ENABLE REGISTER

INTEN is the interrupt request control register including one internal interrupts, one external interrupts enable control
bits. One of the register to be set “1” is to enable the interrupt request function. Once of the interrupt occur, the stack is
incremented and program jump to ORG 8 to execute interrupt service routines. The program exits the interrupt service
routine when the returning interrupt service routine instruction (RETI) is executed.

0C9H Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

INTEN - - TC0IEN T0IEN - - - P00IEN
Read/Write - - R/W R/W - - - R/W
After reset - - 0 0 - - - 0

Bit 0 P00IEN: External P0.0 interrupt (INT0) control bit.

0 = Disable INT0 interrupt function.
1 = Enable INT0 interrupt function.

Bit 4 T0IEN: T0 timer interrupt control bit.

0 = Disable T0 interrupt function.
1 = Enable T0 interrupt function.

Bit 5 TC0IEN: TC0 timer interrupt control bit.

0 = Disable TC0 interrupt function.
1 = Enable TC0 interrupt function.

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6.3 INTRQ INTERRUPT REQUEST REGISTER

INTRQ is the interrupt request flag register. The register includes all interrupt request indication flags. Each one of the
interrupt requests occurs, the bit of the INTRQ register would be set “1”. The INTRQ value needs to be clear by
programming after detecting the flag. In the interrupt vector of program, users know the any interrupt requests
occurring by the register and do the routine corresponding of the interrupt request.

0C8H Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

INTRQ - - TC0IRQ T0IRQ - - - P00IRQ
Read/Write - - R/W R/W - - - R/W
After reset - - 0 0 - - - 0

Bit 0 P00IRQ: External P0.0 interrupt (INT0) request flag.

0 = None INT0 interrupt request.
1 = INT0 interrupt request.

Bit 4 T0IRQ: T0 timer interrupt request flag.

0 = None T0 interrupt request.
1 = T0 interrupt request.

Bit 5 TC0IRQ: TC0 timer interrupt request flag.

0 = None TC0 interrupt request.
1 = TC0 interrupt request.

6.4 GIE GLOBAL INTERRUPT OPERATION

GIE is the global interrupt control bit. All interrupts start work after the GIE = 1 It is necessary for interrupt service
request. One of the interrupt requests occurs, and the program counter (PC) points to the interrupt vector (ORG 8) and
the stack add 1 level.

0DFH Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

STKP GIE - - - - - STKPB1 STKPB0
Read/Write R/W - - - - - R/W R/W
After reset 0 - - - - - 1 1

Bit 7 GIE: Global interrupt control bit.

0 = Disable global interrupt.
1 = Enable global interrupt.

 Example: Set global interrupt control bit (GIE).

B0BSET FGIE ; Enable GIE

 Note: The GIE bit must enable during all interrupt operation.

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6.5 PUSH, POP ROUTINE

When any interrupt occurs, system will jump to ORG 8 and execute interrupt service routine. It is necessary to save
ACC, PFLAG data. The chip includes “PUSH”, “POP” for in/out interrupt service routine. The two instructions save and
load ACC, PFLAG data into buffers and avoid main routine error after interrupt service routine finishing.

 Note: ”PUSH”, “POP” instructions save and load ACC/PFLAG without (NT0, NPD). PUSH/POP buffer is
an unique buffer and only one level.

 Example: Store ACC and PAFLG data by PUSH, POP instructions when interrupt service routine
executed.

ORG 0
JMP START

ORG 8
JMP INT_SERVICE

ORG 10H
START:
…

INT_SERVICE:
PUSH ; Save ACC and PFLAG to buffers.
…
…
POP ; Load ACC and PFLAG from buffers.

RETI ; Exit interrupt service vector

…
ENDP

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6.6 EXTERNAL INTERRUPT OPERATION (INT0)

INT0 is external interrupt trigger source and builds in edge trigger configuration function. When the external edge
trigger occurs, the external interrupt request flag will be set to “1” no matter the external interrupt control bit enabled or
disable. When external interrupt control bit is enabled and external interrupt edge trigger is occurring, the program
counter will jump to the interrupt vector (ORG 8) and execute interrupt service routine.

The external interrupt builds in wake-up latch function. That means when the system is triggered wake-up from power
down mode, the wake-up source is external interrupt source (P0.0), and the trigger edge direction matches interrupt
edge configuration, the trigger edge will be latched, and the system executes interrupt service routine fist after
wake-up.

0BFH Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

PEDGE - - - P00G1 P00G0 - - -
Read/Write - - - R/W R/W - - -
After reset - - - 1 0 - - -

Bit[4:3] P00G[1:0]: P0.0 interrupt trigger edge control bits.

00 = reserved.
01 = rising edge.
10 = falling edge.
11 = rising/falling bi-direction (Level change trigger).

 Example: Setup INT0 interrupt request and bi-direction edge trigger.

MOV A, #18H
B0MOV PEDGE, A ; Set INT0 interrupt trigger as bi-direction edge.

B0BSET FP00IEN ; Enable INT0 interrupt service

B0BCLR FP00IRQ ; Clear INT0 interrupt request flag
B0BSET FGIE ; Enable GIE

 Example: INT0 interrupt service routine.

ORG 8 ; Interrupt vector
JMP INT_SERVICE
INT_SERVICE:
… ; Push routine to save ACC and PFLAG to buffers.

B0BTS1 FP00IRQ ; Check P00IRQ

JMP EXIT_INT ; P00IRQ = 0, exit interrupt vector

B0BCLR FP00IRQ ; Reset P00IRQ

… ; INT0 interrupt service routine
EXIT_INT:
… ; Pop routine to load ACC and PFLAG from buffers.
RETI ; Exit interrupt vector

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6.7 T0 INTERRUPT OPERATION

When the T0C counter occurs overflow, the T0IRQ will be set to “1” however the T0IEN is enable or disable. If the
T0IEN = 1, the trigger event will make the T0IRQ to be “1” and the system enter interrupt vector. If the T0IEN = 0, the
trigger event will make the T0IRQ to be “1” but the system will not enter interrupt vector. Users need to care for the
operation under multi-interrupt situation.

 Example: T0 interrupt request setup. Fcpu = 4MHz / 4.

B0BCLR FT0IEN ; Disable T0 interrupt service

B0BCLR FT0ENB ; Disable T0 timer
MOV A, #20H ;
B0MOV T0M, A ; Set T0 clock = Fcpu / 64
MOV A, #64H ; Set T0C initial value = 64H
B0MOV T0C, A ; Set T0 interval = 10 ms

B0BSET FT0IEN ; Enable T0 interrupt service

B0BCLR FT0IRQ ; Clear T0 interrupt request flag
B0BSET FT0ENB ; Enable T0 timer

B0BSET FGIE ; Enable GIE

 Example: T0 interrupt service routine.

ORG 8 ; Interrupt vector

JMP INT_SERVICE
INT_SERVICE:

… ; Push routine to save ACC and PFLAG to buffers.

B0BTS1 FT0IRQ ; Check T0IRQ

JMP EXIT_INT ; T0IRQ = 0, exit interrupt vector

B0BCLR FT0IRQ ; Reset T0IRQ

MOV A, #64H
B0MOV T0C, A ; Reset T0C.
… ; T0 interrupt service routine
…
EXIT_INT:
… ; Pop routine to load ACC and PFLAG from buffers.

RETI ; Exit interrupt vector

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6.8 TC0 INTERRUPT OPERATION

When the TC0C counter overflows, the TC0IRQ will be set to “1” no matter the TC0IEN is enable or disable. If the
TC0IEN and the trigger event TC0IRQ is set to be “1”. As the result, the system will execute the interrupt vector. If the
TC0IEN = 0, the trigger event TC0IRQ is still set to be “1”. Moreover, the system won’t execute interrupt vector even
when the TC0IEN is set to be “1”. Users need to be cautious with the operation under multi-interrupt situation.

 Example: TC0 interrupt request setup. Fcpu = 16MHz / 16.

B0BCLR FTC0IEN ; Disable TC0 interrupt service

B0BCLR FTC0ENB ; Disable TC0 timer
MOV A, #20H ;
B0MOV TC0M, A ; Set TC0 clock = Fcpu / 64
MOV A, #64H ; Set TC0C initial value = 64H
B0MOV TC0C, A ; Set TC0 interval = 10 ms

B0BSET FTC0IEN ; Enable TC0 interrupt service

B0BCLR FTC0IRQ ; Clear TC0 interrupt request flag
B0BSET FTC0ENB ; Enable TC0 timer

B0BSET FGIE ; Enable GIE

 Example: TC0 interrupt service routine.

ORG 8 ; Interrupt vector

JMP INT_SERVICE
INT_SERVICE:

… ; Push routine to save ACC and PFLAG to buffers.

B0BTS1 FTC0IRQ ; Check TC0IRQ

JMP EXIT_INT ; TC0IRQ = 0, exit interrupt vector

B0BCLR FTC0IRQ ; Reset TC0IRQ

MOV A, #64H
B0MOV TC0C, A ; Reset TC0C.
… ; TC0 interrupt service routine
…
EXIT_INT:
… ; Pop routine to load ACC and PFLAG from buffers.

RETI ; Exit interrupt vector

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6.9 MULTI-INTERRUPT OPERATION

Under certain condition, the software designer uses more than one interrupt requests. Processing multi-interrupt
request requires setting the priority of the interrupt requests. The IRQ flags of interrupts are controlled by the interrupt
event. Nevertheless, the IRQ flag “1” doesn’t mean the system will execute the interrupt vector. In addition, which
means the IRQ flags can be set “1” by the events without enable the interrupt. Once the event occurs, the IRQ will be
logic “1”. The IRQ and its trigger event relationship is as the below table.

Interrupt Name Trigger Event Description

P00IRQ P0.0 trigger controlled by PEDGE
T0IRQ T0C overflow
TC0IRQ TC0C overflow

For multi-interrupt conditions, two things need to be taking care of. One is to set the priority for these interrupt requests.
Two is using IEN and IRQ flags to decide which interrupt to be executed. Users have to check interrupt control bit and
interrupt request flag in interrupt routine.

 Example: Check the interrupt request under multi-interrupt operation

ORG 8 ; Interrupt vector

JMP INT_SERVICE
INT_SERVICE:

… ; Push routine to save ACC and PFLAG to buffers.

INTP00CHK: ; Check INT0 interrupt request

B0BTS1 FP00IEN ; Check P00IEN
JMP INTT0CHK ; Jump check to next interrupt
B0BTS0 FP00IRQ ; Check P00IRQ
JMP INTP00 ; Jump to INT0 interrupt service routine
INTT0CHK: ; Check T0 interrupt request
B0BTS1 FT0IEN ; Check T0IEN
JMP INTTC0CHK ; Jump check to next interrupt
B0BTS0 FT0IRQ ; Check T0IRQ
JMP INTT0 ; Jump to T0 interrupt service routine
INTTC0CHK: ; Check TC0 interrupt request
B0BTS1 FTC0IEN ; Check TC0IEN
JMP INT_EXIT ; Jump to exit of IRQ
B0BTS0 FTC0IRQ ; Check TC0IRQ
JMP INTTC0 ; Jump to TC0 interrupt service routine
INT_EXIT:

… ; Pop routine to load ACC and PFLAG from buffers.

RETI ; Exit interrupt vector

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7 I/O PORT

7.1 OVERVIEW
The micro-controller builds in 16 pin I/O. Most of the I/O pins are mixed with analog pins and special function pins. The
I/O shared pin list is as following.

I/O Pin Shared Pin

Shared Pin Control Condition
Name Type Name Type
P0.0 I/O INT0 DC P00IEN=1
RST DC Reset_Pin code option = Reset
P1.5 I
VPP HV OTP Programming
P1.6 I/O XIN AC High_CLK code option = IHRC_RTC, RC, 32K, 4M, 12M
P1.4 I/O XOUT AC High_CLK code option = IHRC_RTC, 32K, 4M, 12M
P5.4 I/O BZ0/PWM0 DC TC0ENB=1, TC0OUT=1 or PWM0OUT=1
P5.5 I/O BZOUT DC BZEN=1

* DC: Digital Characteristic. AC: Analog Characteristic. HV: High Voltage Characteristic.

7.2 I/O PORT MODE

The port direction is programmed by PnM register. When the bit of PnM register is “0”, the pin is input mode. When the
bit of PnM register is “1”, the pin is output mode.

0B8H Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

P0M - - - - - - - P00M
Read/Write - - - - - - - R/W
After reset - - - - - - - 0

0C1H Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

P1M - P16M - P14M P13M P12M P11M P10M
Read/Write - R/W - R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
After reset - 0 - 0 0 0 0 0

0C5H Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

P5M P57M P56M P55M P54M P53M P52M P51M P50M
Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
After reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit[7:0] PnM[7:0]: Pn mode control bits. (n = 0~5).

0 = Pn is input mode.
1 = Pn is output mode.

 Note:
 Users can program them by bit control instructions (B0BSET, B0BCLR).
 P1.5 input only pin, and the P1M.5 is undefined.

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 Example: I/O mode selecting

CLR P0M ; Set all ports to be input mode.

CLR P5M

MOV A, #0FFH ; Set all ports to be output mode.

B0MOV P0M, A
B0MOV P5M, A

B0BCLR P1M.0 ; Set P1.0 to be input mode.

B0BSET P1M.0 ; Set P1.0 to be output mode.

7.3 I/O PULL UP REGISTER

The I/O pins build in internal pull-up resistors and only support I/O input mode. The port internal pull-up resistor is
programmed by PnUR register. When the bit of PnUR register is “0”, the I/O pin’s pull-up is disabled. When the bit of
PnUR register is “1”, the I/O pin’s pull-up is enabled.

0E0H Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

P0UR - - - - - - - P00R
Read/Write - - - - - - - W
After reset - - - - - - - 0

0E1H Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

P1UR - P16R - P14R P13R P12R P11R P10R
Read/Write - W - W W W W W
After reset - 0 - 0 0 0 0 0

0E5H Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

P5UR P57R P56R P55R P54R P53R P52R P51R P50R
Read/Write W W W W W W W W
After reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Note: P1.5 is input only pin and without pull-up resister. The P1UR.5 is undefined.

 Example: I/O Pull up Register

MOV A, #0FFH ; Enable Port0, 1, 5 Pull-up register,

B0MOV P0UR, A ;
B0MOV P1UR,A
B0MOV P5UR, A

7.4 I/O PULL DOWN REGISTER

The P5.0~P5.3 I/O pins build in internal pull-down resistors and only support I/O input mode. The port internal
pull-down resistor is programmed by P5DR register. When the bit of P5DR register is “0”, the I/O pin’s pull-down is
disabled. When the bit of P5DR register is “1”, the I/O pin’s pull-down is enabled.

0E6H Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

P5DR - - - - P53DR P52DR P51DR P50DR
Read/Write - - - - W W W W
After reset - - - - 0 0 0 0

 Example: I/O Pull up Register

MOV A, #0FH ; Enable P5.0~P5.3 Pull-down register,

B0MOV P5DR, A ;

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7.5 I/O PORT DATA REGISTER

0D0H Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
P0 - - - - - - - P00
Read/Write - - - - - - - R/W
After reset - - - - - - - 0

0D1H Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

P1 - P16 P15 P14 P13 P12 P11 P10
Read/Write - R/W R R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
After reset - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0D5H Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

P5 P57 P56 P55 P54 P53 P52 P51 P50
Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
After reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Note: The P15 keeps “1” when external reset enable by code option.

 Example: Read data from input port.

B0MOV A, P0 ; Read data from Port 0
B0MOV A, P1 ; Read data from Port 1
B0MOV A, P5 ; Read data from Port 5

 Example: Write data to output port.

MOV A, #0FFH ; Write data FFH to all Port.
B0MOV P0, A
B0MOV P1, A
B0MOV P5, A

 Example: Write one bit data to output port.

B0BSET P1.0 ; Set P1.0 and P1.3 to be “1”.
B0BSET P1.3

B0BCLR P1.0 ; Set P1.0 and P1.3 to be “0”.

B0BCLR P1.3

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8 TIMERS
8.1 WATCHDOG TIMER
The watchdog timer (WDT) is a binary up counter designed for monitoring program execution. If the program goes into
the unknown status by noise interference, WDT overflow signal raises and resets MCU. Watchdog clock controlled by
code option and the clock source is internal low-speed oscillator.

Watchdog overflow time = 8192 / Internal Low-Speed oscillator (sec).

VDD Internal Low RC Freq. Watchdog Overflow Time

3V 16KHz 512ms
5V 32KHz 256ms

The watchdog timer has three operating options controlled “WatchDog” code option.

 Disable: Disable watchdog timer function.

 Enable: Enable watchdog timer function. Watchdog timer actives in normal mode and slow mode. In power down
mode and green mode, the watchdog timer stops.
 Always_On: Enable watchdog timer function. The watchdog timer actives and not stop in power down mode and
green mode.

In high noisy environment, the “Always_On” option of watchdog operations is the strongly recommendation
to make the system reset under error situations and re-start again.

Watchdog clear is controlled by WDTR register. Moving 0x5A data into WDTR is to reset watchdog timer.

0CCH Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

WDTR WDTR7 WDTR6 WDTR5 WDTR4 WDTR3 WDTR2 WDTR1 WDTR0
Read/Write W W W W W W W W
After reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 Example: An operation of watchdog timer is as following. To clear the watchdog timer counter in the top
of the main routine of the program.

Main:
MOV A, #5AH ; Clear the watchdog timer.
B0MOV WDTR, A
…
CALL SUB1
CALL SUB2
…
JMP MAIN

 Example: Clear watchdog timer by “@RST_WDT” macro of Sonix IDE.

Main:
@RST_WDT ; Clear the watchdog timer.
…
CALL SUB1
CALL SUB2
…
JMP MAIN

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Watchdog timer application note is as following.

 Before clearing watchdog timer, check I/O status and check RAM contents can improve system error.
 Don’t clear watchdog timer in interrupt vector and interrupt service routine. That can improve main routine fail.
 Clearing watchdog timer program is only at one part of the program. This way is the best structure to enhance the
watchdog timer function.

 Example: An operation of watchdog timer is as following. To clear the watchdog timer counter in the top
of the main routine of the program.

Main:
… ; Check I/O.
… ; Check RAM
Err: JMP $ ; I/O or RAM error. Program jump here and don’t
; clear watchdog. Wait watchdog timer overflow to reset IC.

Correct: ; I/O and RAM are correct. Clear watchdog timer and
; execute program.
MOV A, #5AH ; Clear the watchdog timer.
B0MOV WDTR, A
…
CALL SUB1
CALL SUB2
…
…
…
JMP MAIN

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8.2 T0 8-BIT BASIC TIMER

8.2.1 OVERVIEW
The T0 timer is an 8-bit binary up timer with basic timer function. The basic timer function supports flag indicator
(T0IRQ bit) and interrupt operation (interrupt vector). The interval time is programmable through T0M, T0C registers
and supports RTC function. The T0 builds in green mode wake-up function. When T0 timer overflow occurs under
green mode, the system will be waked-up to last operating mode.

 8-bit programmable up counting timer: Generate time-out at specific time intervals based on the selected clock
frequency.
 Interrupt function: T0 timer function supports interrupt function. When T0 timer occurs overflow, the T0IRQ
actives and the system points program counter to interrupt vector to do interrupt sequence.
 RTC function: T0 supports RTC function. The RTC clock source is from external low speed 32K oscillator when
T0TB=1. RTC function is only available in High_Clk code option = "IHRC_RTC".
 Green mode function: T0 timer keeps running in green mode and wakes up system when T0 timer overflows.

T0 Rate
Load T0C Value by Program.
(Fcpu/2~Fcpu/256) T0ENB

T0TB
Fcpu
T0C 8-Bit Binary Up Counting Counter

T0IRQ Interrupt Flag

CPUM0,1
(T0 timer overflow.)

RTC

T0ENB

 Note: In RTC mode, the T0 interval time is fixed at 0.5 sec and T0C is 256 counts.

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8.2.2 T0 Timer Operation

T0 timer is controlled by T0ENB bit. When T0ENB=0, T0 timer stops. When T0ENB=1, T0 timer starts to count. T0C
increases “1” by timer clock source. When T0 overflow event occurs, T0IRQ flag is set as ”1” to indicate overflow and
cleared by program. The overflow condition is T0C count from full scale (0xFF) to zero scale (0x00). T0 doesn’t build in
double buffer, so load T0C by program when T0 timer overflows to fix the correct interval time. If T0 timer interrupt
function is enabled (T0IEN=1), the system will execute interrupt procedure. The interrupt procedure is system program
counter points to interrupt vector (ORG 8) and executes interrupt service routine after T0 overflow occurrence. Clear
T0IRQ by program is necessary in interrupt procedure. T0 timer can works in normal mode, slow mode and green
mode. In green mode, T0 keeps counting, set T0IRQ and wakes up system when T0 timer overflows.

Clock
... ...
Source

0x00 or “n” 0x01 0x02 0x02 0x00 or “n”

T0C by program or n+1 or n+2 or n+2
... 0xFE 0xFF by program ...

T0IRQ

T0 timer overflows. T0IRQ set as “1”.

Reload T0C by program.

T0IRQ is cleared by program.

T0 clock source is Fcpu (instruction cycle) through T0rate[2:0] pre-scaler to decide Fcpu/2~Fcpu/256. T0 length is 8-bit
(256 steps), and the one count period is each cycle of input clock.

T0 Interval Time
Fhosc=16MHz, Fhosc=4MHz,
IHRC_RTC mode
T0rate[2:0] T0 Clock Fcpu=Fhosc/4 Fcpu=Fhosc/4
max.
max. (ms) Unit (us) max. (ms) Unit (us) Unit (ms)
(sec)
000b Fcpu/256 16.384 64 65.536 256 - -
001b Fcpu/128 8.192 32 32.768 128 - -
010b Fcpu/64 4.096 16 16.384 64 - -
011b Fcpu/32 2.048 8 8.192 32 - -
100b Fcpu/16 1.024 4 4.096 16 - -
101b Fcpu/8 0.512 2 2.048 8 - -
110b Fcpu/4 0.256 1 1.024 4 - -
111b Fcpu/2 0.128 0.5 0.512 2 - -
- 32768Hz/64 - - - - 0.5 1.953

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8.2.3 T0M MODE REGISTER

T0M is T0 timer mode control register to configure T0 operating mode including T0 pre-scaler, clock source…These
configurations must be setup completely before enabling T0 timer.

0D8H Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

T0M T0ENB T0rate2 T0rate1 T0rate0 - - - T0TB
Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R/W - - - R/W
After reset 0 0 0 0 - - - 0

Bit 0 T0TB: RTC clock source control bit.

0 = Disable RTC (T0 clock source from Fcpu).
1 = Enable RTC.

Bit [6:4] T0RATE[2:0]: T0 timer clock source select bits.

000 = Fcpu/256, 001 = Fcpu/128, 010 = Fcpu/64, 011 = Fcpu/32, 100 = Fcpu/16, 101 = Fcpu/8, 110 =
Fcpu/4,111 = Fcpu/2.

Bit 7 T0ENB: T0 counter control bit.

0 = Disable T0 timer.
1 = Enable T0 timer.

 Note: T0RATE is not available in RTC mode. The T0 interval time is fixed at 0.5 sec.

8.2.4 T0C COUNTING REGISTER

T0C is T0 8-bit counter. When T0C overflow occurs, the T0IRQ flag is set as “1” and cleared by program. The T0C
decides T0 interval time through below equation to calculate a correct value. It is necessary to write the correct value to
T0C register, and then enable T0 timer to make sure the first cycle correct. After one T0 overflow occurs, the T0C
register is loaded a correct value by program.

0D9H Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

T0C T0C7 T0C6 T0C5 T0C4 T0C3 T0C2 T0C1 T0C0
Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
After reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

The equation of T0C initial value is as following.

T0C initial value = 256 - (T0 interrupt interval time * T0 clock rate)

 Example: To calculation T0C to obtain 10ms T0 interval time. T0 clock source is Fcpu = 4MHz/4 = 1MHz.
Select T0RATE=001 (Fcpu/128).
T0 interval time = 10ms. T0 clock rate = 4MHz/4/128

T0C initial value = 256 - (T0 interval time * input clock)

= 256 - (10ms * 4MHz / 4 / 128)
= 256 - (10-2 * 4 * 106 / 4 / 128)
= B2H

 Note: In RTC mode, T0C is 256 counts and generatesT0 0.5 sec interval time. Don’t change T0C value in
RTC mode.

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8.2.5 T0 TIMER OPERATION EXPLAME

 T0 TIMER CONFIGURATION:

; Reset T0 timer.
MOV A, #0x00 ; Clear T0M register.
B0MOV T0M, A

; Set T0 clock source and T0 rate.

MOV A, #0nnn0000b
B0MOV T0M, A

; Set T0C register for T0 Interval time.

MOV A, #value
B0MOV T0C, A

; Clear T0IRQ
B0BCLR FT0IRQ

; Enable T0 timer and interrupt function.

B0BSET FT0IEN ; Enable T0 interrupt function.
B0BSET FT0ENB ; Enable T0 timer.

 T0 works in RTC mode:

; Reset T0 timer.
MOV A, #0x00 ; Clear T0M register.
B0MOV T0M, A

; Set T0 RTC function.

B0BSET FT0TB

; Clear T0C.
CLR T0C

; Clear T0IRQ
B0BCLR FT0IRQ

; Enable T0 timer and interrupt function.

B0BSET FT0IEN ; Enable T0 interrupt function.
B0BSET FT0ENB ; Enable T0 timer.

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8.3 TC0 8-BIT TIMER/COUNTER

8.3.1 OVERVIEW
The TC0 timer is an 8-bit binary up timer with basic timer, event counter, buzzer and PWM functions. The basic timer
function supports flag indicator (TC0IRQ bit) and interrupt operation (interrupt vector). The interval time is
programmable through TC0M, TC0C, TC0R registers. The event counter is changing TC0 clock source from system
clock (Fcpu) to external clock like signal (e.g. continuous pulse, R/C type oscillating signal…). TC0 becomes a counter
to count external clock number to implement measure application. TC0 also builds in buzzer and PWM functions. The
cycle/resolution of buzzer and PWM are controlled by TC0 timer clock rate and TC0R registers, so the buzzer and
PWM with good flexibility to implement IR carry signal, motor control and brightness adjuster…The main purposes of
the TC0 timer are as following.

 8-bit programmable up counting timer: Generate time-out at specific time intervals based on the selected clock
frequency.
 Interrupt function: TC0 timer function supports interrupt function. When TC0 timer occurs overflow, the TC0IRQ
actives and the system points program counter to interrupt vector to do interrupt sequence.
 Event Counter: The event counter function counts the external clock counts.
 PWM output: The PWM is duty/cycle programmable controlled by T0rate and TC0R registers.
 Buzzer output: The Buzzer output signal is 1/2 cycle of TC0 interval time.
 Green mode function: All TC0 functions (timer, PWM, Buzzer, event counter, auto-reload) keep running in green
mode and no wake-up function.
TC0OUT

Internal P5.4 I/O Circuit

Up Counting ALOAD0
Reload Value
Buzzer
Auto. Reload
TC0 Time Out TC0 / 2 P5.4

TC0R Reload
ALOAD0, TC0OUT
Data Buffer
TC0 Rate
(Fcpu/2~Fcpu/256) R PWM0OUT
PWM
Compare
TC0CKS TC0ENB
Fcpu S
Load

TC0C
8-Bit Binary Up TC0 Time Out
Counting Counter

INT0
(Schmitter Trigger)
CPUM0,1

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8.3.2 TC0 TIMER OPERATION

TC0 timer is controlled by TC0ENB bit. When TC0ENB=0, TC0 timer stops. When TC0ENB=1, TC0 timer starts to
count. Before enabling TC0 timer, setup TC0 timer’s configurations to select timer function modes, e.g. basic timer,
interrupt function…TC0C increases “1” by timer clock source. When TC0 overflow event occurs, TC0IRQ flag is set
as ”1” to indicate overflow and cleared by program. The overflow condition is TC0C count from full scale (0xFF) to zero
scale (0x00). In difference function modes, TC0C value relates to operation. If TC0C value changing effects operation,
the transition of operations would make timer function error. So TC0 builds in double buffer to avoid these situations
happen. The double buffer concept is to flash TC0C during TC0 counting, to set the new value to TC0R (reload buffer),
and the new value will be loaded from TC0R to TC0C after TC0 overflow occurrence automatically. In the next cycle,
the TC0 timer runs under new conditions, and no any transitions occur. The auto-reload function is controlled by
ALOAD0 bit in timer/counter mode, and enabled automatically in PWM mode as TC0 enables. If TC0 timer interrupt
function is enabled (TC0IEN=1), the system will execute interrupt procedure. The interrupt procedure is system
program counter points to interrupt vector (ORG 8) and executes interrupt service routine after TC0 overflow
occurrence. Clear TC0IRQ by program is necessary in interrupt procedure. TC0 timer can works in normal mode, slow
mode and green mode. But in green mode, TC0 keep counting, set TC0IRQ and outputs PWM, but can’t wake-up
system.

Clock
... ...
Source

0x00
TC0C 0x01 0x02 0x03 ... 0xFE 0xFF TC0R ...
or TC0R

TC0IRQ

TC0 timer overflows. TC0IRQ set as “1”.

Reload TC0C from TC0R automatically.

TC0IRQ is cleared by program.

TC0 provides different clock sources to implement different applications and configurations. TC0 clock source includes
Fcpu (instruction cycle) and external input pin (P0.0) controlled by TC0CKS bits. TC0CKS bit selects the clock source
is from Fcpu or external input pin. If TC0CKS=0, TC0 clock source is Fcpu through TC0rate[2:0] pre-scaler to decide
Fcpu/2~Fcpu/256. If TC0CKS=1, TC0 clock source is external input pin that means to enable event counter function.
TC0rate[2:0] pre-scaler is unless when TC0CKS=1 condition. TC0 length is 8-bit (256 steps) when PWM disabled, and
the one count period is each cycle of input clock.

TC0 Interval Time

Fhosc=16MHz, Fhosc=4MHz,
TC0rate[2:0] TC0 Clock
Fcpu=Fhosc/4 Fcpu=Fhosc/4
max. (ms) Unit (us) max. (ms) Unit (us)
000b Fcpu/256 16.384 64 65.536 256
001b Fcpu/128 8.192 32 32.768 128
010b Fcpu/64 4.096 16 16.384 64
011b Fcpu/32 2.048 8 8.192 32
100b Fcpu/16 1.024 4 4.096 16
101b Fcpu/8 0.512 2 2.048 8
110b Fcpu/4 0.256 1 1.024 4
111b Fcpu/2 0.128 0.5 0.512 2

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8.3.3 TC0M MODE REGISTER

TC0M is TC0 timer mode control register to configure TC0 operating mode including TC0 pre-scaler, clock source,
PWM function…These configurations must be setup completely before enabling TC0 timer.

0DAH Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

TC0M TC0ENB TC0rate2 TC0rate1 TC0rate0 TC0CKS ALOAD0 TC0OUT PWM0OUT
Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
After reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bit 0 PWM0OUT: PWM output control bit.

0 = Disable PWM output function, and P5.4 is GPIO mode.
1 = Enable PWM output function, and P5.4 outputs PWM signal. PWM duty controlled by TC0OUT,
ALOAD0 bits.

Bit 1 TC0OUT: TC0 time out toggle signal output control bit. Only valid when PWM0OUT = 0.
0 = Disable, P5.4 is I/O function.
1 = Enable, P5.4 is output TC0OUT signal.

Bit 2 ALOAD0: Auto-reload control bit. Only valid when PWM0OUT = 0.

0 = Disable TC0 auto-reload function.
1 = Enable TC0 auto-reload function.

Bit 3 TC0CKS: TC0 clock source select bit.

0 = Internal clock (Fcpu).
1 = External input pin (P0.0/INT0) and enable event counter function. TC0rate[2:0] bits are useless.

Bit [6:4] TC0RATE[2:0]: TC0 internal clock select bits.

000 = Fcpu/256, 001 = Fcpu/128, 010 = Fcpu/64, 011 = Fcpu/32, 100 = Fcpu/16, 101 = Fcpu/8, 110 =
Fcpu/4, 111 = Fcpu/2.

Bit 7 TC0ENB: TC0 counter control bit.

0 = Disable TC0 timer.
1 = Enable TC0 timer.

 Note: When TC0CKS=1, TC0 became an external event counter and TC0RATE is useless. No more P0.0
interrupt request will be raised. (P0.0IRQ will be always 0).

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8.3.4 TC0C COUNTING REGISTER

TC0C is TC0 8-bit counter. When TC0C overflow occurs, the TC0IRQ flag is set as “1” and cleared by program. The
TC0C decides TC0 interval time through below equation to calculate a correct value. It is necessary to write the correct
value to TC0C register and TC0R register first time, and then enable TC0 timer to make sure the fist cycle correct.
After one TC0 overflow occurs, the TC0C register is loaded a correct value from TC0R register automatically, not
program.

0DBH Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

TC0C TC0C7 TC0C6 TC0C5 TC0C4 TC0C3 TC0C2 TC0C1 TC0C0
Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
After reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

The equation of TC0C initial value is as following.

TC0C initial value = N - (TC0 interrupt interval time * TC0 clock rate)

N is TC0 overflow boundary number. TC0 timer overflow time has five types (TC0 timer, TC0 event counter, TC0 Fcpu
clock source, PWM mode and no PWM mode). These parameters decide TC0 overflow time and valid value as follow
table.

TC0C valid TC0C value

TC0CKS PWM0 ALOAD0 TC0OUT N value binary type
Remark
0 x x 256 0x00~0xFF 00000000b~11111111b Overflow per 256 count
1 0 0 256 0x00~0xFF 00000000b~11111111b Overflow per 256 count
0 1 0 1 64 0x00~0x3F xx000000b~xx111111b Overflow per 64 count
1 1 0 32 0x00~0x1F xxx00000b~xxx11111b Overflow per 32 count
1 1 1 16 0x00~0x0F xxxx0000b~xxxx1111b Overflow per 16 count
1 - - - 256 0x00~0xFF 00000000b~11111111b Overflow per 256 count

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8.3.5 TC0R AUTO-RELOAD REGISTER

TC0 timer builds in auto-reload function, and TC0R register stores reload data. When TC0C overflow occurs, TC0C
register is loaded data from TC0R register automatically. Under TC0 timer counting status, to modify TC0 interval time
is to modify TC0R register, not TC0C register. New TC0C data of TC0 interval time will be updated after TC0 timer
overflow occurrence, TC0R loads new value to TC0C register. But at the first time to setup TC0M, TC0C and TC0R
must be set the same value before enabling TC0 timer. TC0 is double buffer design. If new TC0R value is set by
st
program, the new value is stored in 1 buffer. Until TC0 overflow occurs, the new value moves to real TC0R buffer.
This way can avoid any transitional condition to effect the correctness of TC0 interval time and PWM output signal.

0CDH Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

TC0R TC0R7 TC0R6 TC0R5 TC0R4 TC0R3 TC0R2 TC0R1 TC0R0
Read/Write W W W W W W W W
After reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

The equation of TC0R initial value is as following.

TC0R initial value = 256 - (TC0 interrupt interval time * TC0 clock rate)

N is TC0 overflow boundary number. TC0 timer overflow time has five types (TC0 timer, TC0 event counter, TC0 Fcpu
clock source, PWM mode and no PWM mode). These parameters decide TC0 overflow time and valid value as follow
table.

TC0R valid TC0R value

TC0CKS PWM0 ALOAD0 TC0OUT N value binary type
0 x x 256 0x00~0xFF 00000000b~11111111b
1 0 0 256 0x00~0xFF 00000000b~11111111b
0 1 0 1 64 0x00~0x3F xx000000b~xx111111b
1 1 0 32 0x00~0x1F xxx00000b~xxx11111b
1 1 1 16 0x00~0x0F xxxx0000b~xxxx1111b
1 - - - 256 0x00~0xFF 00000000b~11111111b

 Example: To calculation TC0C and TC0R value to obtain 10ms TC0 interval time. TC0 clock source is
Fcpu = 4MHz/4 = 1MHz. Select TC0RATE=001 (Fcpu/128).
TC0 interval time = 10ms. TC0 clock rate = 4MHz/4/128

TC0C/TC0R initial value = 256 - (TC0 interval time * input clock)

= 256 - (10ms * 4MHz / 4 / 128)
= 256 - (10-2 * 4 * 106 / 4 / 128)
= B2H

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8.3.6 TC0 EVENT COUNTER

TC0 event counter is set the TC0 clock source from external input pin (P0.0). When TC0CKS1=1, TC0 clock source is
switch to external input pin (P0.0). TC0 event counter trigger direction is falling edge. When one falling edge occurs,
TC0C will up one count. When TC0C counts from 0xFF to 0x00, TC0 triggers overflow event. The external event
counter input pin’s wake-up function of GPIO mode is disabled when TC0 event counter function enabled to avoid
event counter signal trigger system wake-up and not keep in power saving mode. The external event counter input
pin’s external interrupt function is also disabled when TC0 event counter function enabled, and the P00IRQ bit keeps
“0” status. The event counter usually is used to measure external continuous signal rate, e.g. continuous pulse, R/C
type oscillating signal…These signal phase don’t synchronize with MCU’s main clock. Use TC0 event to measure it
and calculate the signal rate in program for different applications.

External Input Signel ... ...

0x00
TC0C 0x01 0x02 0x03 ... 0xFE 0xFF TC0R ...
or TC0R

TC0IRQ

TC0 timer overflows. TC0IRQ set as “1”.

Reload TC0C from TC0R automatically.

TC0IRQ is cleared by program.

8.3.7 TC0 BUZZER OUTPUT

The buzzer output is a simple 1/2 duty signal output function. The buzzer signal is generated from TC0 timer. When
TC0 timer overflows, the buzzer output exchanges status, and generates a square waveform. The frequency of buzzer
output is 1/2 of TC0 interval time. The TC0 clock has many combinations and easily to make difference frequency. The
buzzer output waveform is as following.

TC0 Buzzer Output Rate

TC0 Timer Interval Time

Buzzer Output ... ...

0x00 0x00 0x00

TC0C 0xFF ... 0xFF ... 0xFF ... ...
TC0R TC0R TC0R

TC0IRQ ...

TC0IRQ is cleared by program.

TC0 timer overflows. TC0IRQ set as “1”.
Reload TC0C from TC0R automatically.

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When buzzer outputs, TC0IRQ still actives as TC0 overflows, and TC0 interrupt function actives as TC0IEN = 1. But
strongly recommend be careful to use buzzer and TC0 timer together, and make sure both functions work well.
The buzzer output pin is shared with GPIO and switch to output buzzer signal as TC0OUT=1 automatically. If TC0OUT
bit is cleared to disable buzzer signal, the output pin exchanges to last GPIO mode automatically. It easily to implement
carry signal on/off operation, not to control TC0ENB bit.

Buzzer Output

TC0OUT=0. TC0OUT=1. The pin exchanges to output TC0OUT=0. The pin exchanges TC0OUT=1.
mode and outputs Buzzer signal to last GPIO mode (output low).
automatically.

Buzzer Output

TC0OUT=0. TC0OUT=1. The pin exchanges to output TC0OUT=0. The pin exchanges TC0OUT=1.
mode and outputs Buzzer signal to last GPIO mode (output high).
automatically.

High impendence (floating)

Buzzer Output

TC0OUT=0. TC0OUT=1. The pin exchanges to output TC0OUT=0. The pin exchanges TC0OUT=1.
mode and outputs Buzzer signal to last GPIO mode (input).
automatically.

 Note: Because the TC0OUT decides the PWM cycle in PWM mode. The PWM0OUT bit must be “0” when
buzzer output function works.

8.3.8 PULSE WIDTH MODULATION (PWM)

The PWM is duty/cycle programmable design to offer various PWM signals. When TC0 timer enables and PWM0OUT
bit sets as “1” (enable PWM output), the PWM output pin (P5.4) outputs PWM signal. One cycle of PWM signal is high
pulse first, and then low pulse outputs. TC0rate[2:0] bits control the cycle of PWM, ALOAD0 and TC0OUT bits decides
the resolution of PWM, and TC0R decides the duty (high pulse width length) of PWM. TC0C initial value is zero when
TC0 timer enables and TC0 timer overflows. When TC0C count is equal to TC0R, the PWM high pulse finishes and
exchanges to low level. When TC0 overflows (TC0C counts from 0xFF to 0x00), one complete PWM cycle finishes.
The PWM exchanges to high level for next cycle. The PWM is auto-reload design to load TC0R when TC0 overflows
and the end of PWM’s cycle, to keeps PWM continuity. If modify the PWM duty by program as PWM outputting, the
new duty occurs at next cycle when TC0R loaded from the reload buffer.

Enable TC0 and PWM. TC0C overflows from 0xFF to 0x00.

TC0C counts from 0x00. TC0C = TC0R. TC0C counts from 0x00.
PWM outputs high status. PWM exchanges to low status. PWM exchanges to high status.

TC0R TC0R
0x00 0x01 0x02 ...
-1
TC0R
+1
... 0xFD 0xFE 0xFF 0x00 0x01 0x02 ...
TC0C

PWM Output

One complete cycle of PWM. Next cycle.

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The resolution of PWM includes 1/256, 1/64, 1/32, 1/16 controlled by ALOAD0 and TC0OUT bits to implement high
speed PWM signal. ALOAD0, TC0OUT = 00, the PWM resolution is 1/256. ALOAD0, TC0OUT = 01, the PWM
resolution is 1/64. ALOAD0, TC0OUT = 10, the PWM resolution is 1/32. ALOAD0, TC0OUT = 11, the PWM resolution
is 1/16. If modify the PWM resolution, the TC0R PWM duty control range must be modified to meet resolution. When
PWM outputs, TC0IRQ still actives as TC0 overflows, and TC0 interrupt function actives as TC0IEN = 1. But strongly
recommend be careful to use PWM and TC0 timer together, and make sure both functions work well.

PWM TC0R valid TC0R value

ALOAD0 TC0OUT
Resolution value binary type
0 0 256 0x00~0xFF 00000000b~11111111b
0 1 64 0x00~0x3F xx000000b~xx111111b
1 0 32 0x00~0x1F xxx00000b~xxx11111b
1 1 16 0x00~0x0F xxxx0000b~xxxx1111b

1/256 Duty

1/64 Duty

1/32 Duty

1/16 Duty

The PWM output pin is shared with GPIO and switch to output PWM signal as PWM0OUT=1 automatically. If
PWM0OUT bit is cleared to disable PWM, the output pin exchanges to last GPIO mode automatically. It easily to
implement carry signal on/off operation, not to control TC0ENB bit.

PWM Output

PWM0OUT=0. PWM0OUT=1. The pin exchanges to output PWM0OUT=0. The pin exchanges PWM0OUT=1.
mode and outputs PWM signal automatically. to last GPIO mode (output low).

PWM Output

PWM0OUT=0. PWM0OUT=1. The pin exchanges to output PWM0OUT=0. The pin exchanges PWM0OUT=1.
mode and outputs PWM signal automatically. to last GPIO mode (output high).

High impendence (floating)

PWM Output

PWM0OUT=0. PWM0OUT=1. The pin exchanges to output PWM0OUT=0. The pin exchanges PWM0OUT=1.
mode and outputs PWM signal automatically. to last GPIO mode (input).

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8.3.9 TC0 TIMER OPERATION EXPLAME

 TC0 TIMER CONFIGURATION:

; Reset TC0 timer.

MOV A, #0x00 ; Clear TC0M register.
B0MOV TC0M, A

; Set TC0 rate and auto-reload function.

MOV A, #0nnn0000b ; TC0rate[2:0] bits.
B0MOV TC0M, A
B0BSET FALOAD0

; Set TC0C and TC0R register for TC0 Interval time.

MOV A, #value ; TC0C must be equal to TC0R.
B0MOV TC0C, A
B0MOV TC0R, A

; Clear TC0IRQ
B0BCLR FTC0IRQ

; Enable TC0 timer and interrupt function.

B0BSET FTC0IEN ; Enable TC0 interrupt function.
B0BSET FTC0ENB ; Enable TC0 timer.

 TC0 EVENT COUNTER CONFIGURATION:

; Reset TC0 timer.

MOV A, #0x00 ; Clear TC0M register.
B0MOV TC0M, A

; Set TC0 auto-reload function.

B0BSET FALOAD0

; Enable TC0 event counter.

B0BSET FTC0CKS ; Set TC0 clock source from external input pin (P0.0).

; Set TC0C and TC0R register for TC0 Interval time.

MOV A, #value ; TC0C must be equal to TC0R.
B0MOV TC0C, A
B0MOV TC0R, A

; Clear TC0IRQ
B0BCLR FTC0IRQ

; Enable TC0 timer and interrupt function.

B0BSET FTC0IEN ; Enable TC0 interrupt function.
B0BSET FTC0ENB ; Enable TC0 timer.

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 TC0 BUZZER OUTPUT CONFIGURATION:

; Reset TC0 timer.

MOV A, #0x00 ; Clear TC0M register.
B0MOV TC0M, A

; Set TC0 rate and auto-reload function.

MOV A, #0nnn0000b ; TC0rate[2:0] bits.
B0MOV TC0M, A
B0BSET FALOAD0

; Set TC0C and TC0R register for TC0 Interval time.

MOV A, #value ; TC0C must be equal to TC0R.
B0MOV TC0C, A
B0MOV TC0R, A

; Enable TC0 timer and buzzer output function.

B0BSET FTC0ENB ; Enable TC0 timer.
B0BSET FTC0OUT ; Enable TC0 buzzer output function.

 TC0 PWM CONFIGURATION:

; Reset TC0 timer.

MOV A, #0x00 ; Clear TC0M register.
B0MOV TC0M, A

; Set TC0 rate for PWM cycle.

MOV A, #0nnn0000b ; TC0rate[2:0] bits.
B0MOV TC0M, A

; Set PWM resolution.

MOV A, #00000nn0b ; ALOAD0 and TC0OUT bits.
OR TC0M, A

; Set TC0R register for PWM duty.

MOV A, #value
B0MOV TC0R, A

; Clear TC0C as initial value.

CLR TC0C

; Enable PWM and TC0 timer.

B0BSET FTC0ENB ; Enable TC0 timer.
B0BSET FPWM0OUT ; Enable PWM.

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9 2K/4K BUZZER GENERATOR

9.1 OVERVIEW
The MCU builds in Buzzer generator to drive external buzzer device. The buzzer generator purpose is to drive 2KHz or
4KHz buzzer. Adjusting buzzer output frequency is through BZM register. The buzzer output pin is shared with GPIO.
When BZEN = 1, the pin outputs buzzer carry signal. When BZEN = 0, the pin returns to GPIO last condition (input
mode, output high or output low status).
GPIO
BZrate [1:0]

Fcpu/256 Pin
Fcpu/512
Fcpu
Fcpu/1024
Fcpu/2048

BZEN

The buzzer frequency is divided from Fcpu (instruction cycle) controlled by BZrate bits, and Fcpu decides the buzzer
frequency. The selection table is as following.

Buzzer Rate Buzzer Rate

BZrate [1:0]
Division Fcpu = 1MHz Fcpu = 2MHz Fcpu = 4MHz
00 Fcpu/256 4KHz 8KHz 16KHz
01 Fcpu/512 2KHz 4KHz 8KHz
10 Fcpu/1024 1KHz 2KHz 4KHz
11 Fcpu/2048 0.5KHz 1KHz 2KHz

The buzzer target frequency is 2KHz and 4KHz. It is important to choice a good Fcpu rate to obtain the correct buzzer
frequency. The above table shows 2KHz/4KHz buzzer frequency configurations.

9.2 BZM REGISTER

0DCH Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
BZM BZEN BZrate1 BZrate0 - - - - -
Read/Write R/W R/W R/W - - - - -
After reset 0 0 0 - - - - -

Bit 7 BZEN: Buzzer output control bit.

0 = Disable BZ output and BZ output pin transfers to I/O last status.
1 = Enable BZ output and disable GPIO function.

Bit[6:5] BZrate[1:0]: Buzzer rate control bits.

00 = Fcpu/256
01 = Fcpu/512
10 = Fcpu/1024
11 = Fcpu/2048

 Note:
1. If BZEN=0, the buzzer output pin is GPIO mode and returns to last status after disabling buzzer
output.
2. If BZEN=1, the buzzer output pin is buzzer output function and isolates the GPIO function.

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10 INSTRUCTION TABLE
Field Mnemonic Description C DC Z Cycle
MOV A,M AM - -  1
M MOV M,A MA - - - 1
O B0MOV A,M A  M (bank 0) - -  1
V B0MOV M,A M (bank 0)  A - - - 1
E MOV A,I AI - - - 1
B0MOV M,I M  I, “M” only supports 0x80~0x87 registers (e.g. PFLAG,R,Y,Z…) - - - 1
XCH A,M A M - - - 1+N
B0XCH A,M A M (bank 0) - - - 1+N
MOVC R, A  ROM [Y,Z] - - - 2
ADC A,M A  A + M + C, if occur carry, then C=1, else C=0    1
A ADC M,A M  A + M + C, if occur carry, then C=1, else C=0    1+N
R ADD A,M A  A + M, if occur carry, then C=1, else C=0    1
I ADD M,A M  A + M, if occur carry, then C=1, else C=0    1+N
T B0ADD M,A M (bank 0)  M (bank 0) + A, if occur carry, then C=1, else C=0    1+N
H ADD A,I A  A + I, if occur carry, then C=1, else C=0    1
M SBC A,M A  A - M - /C, if occur borrow, then C=0, else C=1    1
E SBC M,A M  A - M - /C, if occur borrow, then C=0, else C=1    1+N
T SUB A,M A  A - M, if occur borrow, then C=0, else C=1    1
I SUB M,A M  A - M, if occur borrow, then C=0, else C=1    1+N
C SUB A,I A  A - I, if occur borrow, then C=0, else C=1    1
AND A,M A  A and M - -  1
L AND M,A M  A and M - -  1+N
O AND A,I A  A and I - -  1
G OR A,M A  A or M - -  1
I OR M,A M  A or M - -  1+N
C OR A,I A  A or I - -  1
XOR A,M A  A xor M - -  1
XOR M,A M  A xor M - -  1+N
XOR A,I A  A xor I - -  1
SWAP M A (b3~b0, b7~b4) M(b7~b4, b3~b0) - - - 1
P SWAPM M M(b3~b0, b7~b4)  M(b7~b4, b3~b0) - - - 1+N
R RRC M A  RRC M  - - 1
O RRCM M M  RRC M  - - 1+N
C RLC M A  RLC M  - - 1
E RLCM M M  RLC M  - - 1+N
S CLR M M0 - - - 1
S BCLR M.b M.b  0 - - - 1+N
BSET M.b M.b  1 - - - 1+N
B0BCLR M.b M(bank 0).b  0 - - - 1+N
B0BSET M.b M(bank 0).b  1 - - - 1+N
CMPRS A,I ZF,C  A - I, If A = I, then skip next instruction  -  1+S
B CMPRS A,M ZF,C  A – M, If A = M, then skip next instruction  -  1+S
R INCS M A  M + 1, If A = 0, then skip next instruction - - - 1+ S
A INCMS M M  M + 1, If M = 0, then skip next instruction - - - 1+N+S
N DECS M A  M - 1, If A = 0, then skip next instruction - - - 1+ S
C DECMS M M  M - 1, If M = 0, then skip next instruction - - - 1+N+S
H BTS0 M.b If M.b = 0, then skip next instruction - - - 1+S
BTS1 M.b If M.b = 1, then skip next instruction - - - 1+S
B0BTS0 M.b If M(bank 0).b = 0, then skip next instruction - - - 1+S
B0BTS1 M.b If M(bank 0).b = 1, then skip next instruction - - - 1+S
JMP d PC15/14  RomPages1/0, PC13~PC0  d - - - 2
CALL d Stack  PC15~PC0, PC15/14  RomPages1/0, PC13~PC0  d - - - 2
M RET PC  Stack - - - 2
I RETI PC  Stack, and to enable global interrupt - - - 2
S PUSH To push ACC and PFLAG (except NT0, NPD bit) into buffers. - - - 1
C POP To pop ACC and PFLAG (except NT0, NPD bit) from buffers.    1
NOP No operation - - - 1
Note: 1. “M” is system register or RAM. If “M” is system registers then “N” = 0, otherwise “N” = 1.
2. If branch condition is true then “S = 1”, otherwise “S = 0”.

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11 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTIC
11.1 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATING
Supply voltage (Vdd)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………… - 0.3V ~ 6.0V
Input in voltage (Vin)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….… Vss – 0.2V ~ Vdd + 0.2V
Operating ambient temperature (Topr)
SN8P2602CP, SN8P2602CS, SN8P2602CX …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 0C ~ + 70C
SN8P2602CPD, SN8P2602CSD, SN8P2602CXD ………………………………………………………………………………………. –40C ~ + 85C
Storage ambient temperature (Tstor) ………………………………………………………………….………………………………………… –40C ~ + 125C

11.2 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTIC

 DC CHARACTERISTIC
(All of voltages refer to Vss, Vdd = 5.0V, Fosc = 4MHz,Fcpu=1MHz,ambient temperature is 25C unless otherwise note.)
PARAMETER SYM. DESCRIPTION MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT
Normal mode, Vpp = Vdd, 25C, Fcpu = 1MHz 2.2 - 5.5 V
Operating voltage Vdd
Normal mode, Vpp = Vdd, -40C~85C 2.4 - 5.5 V
RAM Data Retention voltage Vdr 1.5 - - V
*Vdd rise rate Vpor Vdd rise rate to ensure internal power-on reset 0.05 - - V/ms
ViL1 All input ports Vss - 0.3Vdd V
Input Low Voltage
ViL2 Reset pin Vss - 0.2Vdd V
ViH1 All input ports 0.7Vdd - Vdd V
Input High Voltage
ViH2 Reset pin 0.9Vdd - Vdd V
Reset pin leakage current Ilekg Vin = Vdd - - 2 uA
I/O port input leakage current Ilekg Pull-up resistor disable, Vin = Vdd - - 2 uA
Vin = Vss , Vdd = 3V 100 200 300
I/O port pull-up resistor Rup K
Vin = Vss , Vdd = 5V 50 100 150
IoH Vop = Vdd – 0.5V 8 15 -
I/O output source current
IoL1 Vop = Vss + 0.5V 8 15 - mA
sink current
IoL2 Vop = Vss + 0.5V, P5.0~P5.3, P5.5 20 40 -
*INTn trigger pulse width Tint0 INT0 interrupt request pulse width 2/fcpu - - cycle
Vdd= 3V, Fcpu = 16MHz - 2.8 - mA
Vdd= 5V, Fcpu = 16MHz - 5.8 - mA
Vdd= 3V, Fcpu = 4MHz - 1.5 - mA
Run Mode Vdd= 5V, Fcpu = 4MHz - 3 - mA
Idd1
(Low power disable) Vdd= 3V, Fcpu = 1MHz - 1.1 - mA
Vdd= 5V, Fcpu = 1MHz - 2.3 - mA
Vdd= 3V, Fcpu = 32KHz - 20 - uA
Vdd= 5V, Fcpu = 32KHz - 45 - uA
Run Mode Vdd= 3V, Fcpu = 1MHz - 0.7 - mA
Idd2
(Low power enable) Vdd= 5V, Fcpu = 1MHz - 1 - mA
Supply Current
Slow Mode Vdd= 3V, ILRC=16KHz - 2.5 - uA
Idd3 (Internal low RC,
Vdd= 5V, ILRC=32KHz - 7.8 - uA
Stop high clock)
Idd4 Sleep Mode Vdd= 5V/3V - 1 2 uA
Vdd= 3V, IHRC=16MHz - 0.45 - mA
Vdd= 5V, IHRC=16MHz - 0.5 - mA
Green Mode
Vdd= 3V, Ext. 32KHz X’tal - 6 - uA
Idd5 (No loading,
Vdd= 5V, Ext. 32KHz X’tal - 18 - uA
Watchdog Disable)
Vdd= 3V, ILRC=16KHz - 1.5 - uA
Vdd= 5V, ILRC=32KHz - 4.5 - uA
25C, Vdd=2.2V~ 5.5V
15.68 16 16.32 MHz
Internal Hihg RC Fcpu=Fhosc/1~Fhosc/128
Internal High Oscillator Freq. Fihrc
(IHRC) -40C~85C,Vdd=2.4V~ 5.5V
15.2 16 16.8 MHz
Fcpu=Fhosc/1~Fhosc/128
Vdet0 Low voltage reset level. -40C~85C 1.6 2.0 2.3 V
LVD Voltage Vdet1 Low voltage reset/indicator level. -40C~85C 1.8 2.4 3 V
Vdet2 Low voltage reset/indicator level. -40C~85C 2.5 3.6 4.5 V
“ *” These parameters are for design reference, not tested.

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11.3 CHARACTERISTIC GRAPHS

The Graphs in this section are for design guidance, not tested or guaranteed. In some graphs, the data presented are
outside specified operating range. This is for information only and devices are guaranteed to operate properly only
within the specified range (-40℃~+85℃ curves are for design reference).

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12 DEVELOPMENT TOOL
SONIX provides ICE (in circuit emulation), IDE (Integrated Development Environment) and EV-kit for SN8P2602C
development. ICE and EV-kit are external hardware devices, and IDE is a friendly user interface for firmware
development and emulation. These development tools’ version is as following.

 ICE: SN8ICE2K Plus II. (Please install 16MHz crystal in ICE to implement IHRC emulation.)
 ICE emulation speed maximum: 8 MIPS @ 5V (e.g. 16Mhz crystal, Fcpu = Fosc/2)
 EV-kit: EV2602C KIT REV: V1.0.
 IDE: SONiX IDE M2IDE_V129 and later version.
 Writer: MPIII writer.
 Writer transition board: SN8P2602C

12.1 SN8P2602C EV-KIT

EV2602C KIT PCB Outline:

 CON2: Connect to SN8ICE2K Plus II CON1 (includes GPIO, EV-KIT control signal, and the others).
 CON1: Connect to SN8ICE2K Plus II JP3 (EV-KIT communication bus with ICE, control signal, and the others).
 S1: LVD24V / LVD36V control switch. To emulate LVD2.4V flag / reset function and LVD3.6V / flag function.

Switch No. ON OFF

LVD24 LVD 2.4V Active LVD 2.4V Inactive
LVD36 LVD 3.6V Active LVD 3.6V Inactive

 JP3: Chip and ICE power connector.

 JP6/JP8: EV-kit ground connector.
 JP7/JP9: EV-kit power connector.
 JP10: Chip’s I/O pin connector.
 U1: SN8P2602C chip 20-pin SSOP packages connector for connecting to user’s target board.
 U3: SN8P2602C chip 18-pin DIP/SOP packages connector for connecting to user’s target board.

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EV2602C KIT schematic:

12.2 ICE AND EV-KIT APPLICATION NOTIC

1. SN8ICE2K Plus II power switch must be turned off before connecting EV2602C KIT to SN8ICE2K Plus II.
2. Connect EV-KIT’s CON1/CON2 to ICE’s JP3/CON1.
3. Turn on SN8ICE2K Plus II power switch to start emulation.
4. If the power indicator (LED D1) doesn’t light, the EV-kit occurs some mistakes. Please contact SONIX’s agent for
maintain service.
5. It is necessary to connect 16MHz crystal in ICE for IHRC_16M mode emulation. SN8ICE2K Plus II doesn’t
support over 8-mips instruction cycle, but real chip does.
6. When P5_SINK code option is set as 40mA, EV-kit doesn’t support P5.0~P5.3/P5.5 slew rate over 1-mips
instruction cycle, but real chip does.

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13 OTP PROGRAMMING PIN

13.1 WRITER TRANSITION BOARD SOCKET PIN ASSIGNMENT
Pin 1

48 Pin 48

40
40

28
28

18
18

14

Pin 25

Pin 24

JP3 (Mapping to 48-pin text tool) Writer JP1/JP2

DIP 1 1 48 DIP48 VDD 1 2 VSS
DIP 2 2 47 DIP47 CLK/PGCLK 3 4 CE
DIP 3 3 46 DIP46 PGM/OTPCLK 5 6 OE/ShiftDat
DIP 4 4 45 DIP45 D1 7 8 D0
DIP 5 5 44 DIP44 D3 9 10 D2
DIP 6 6 43 DIP43 D5 11 12 D4
DIP 7 7 42 DIP42 D7 13 14 D6
DIP 8 8 41 DIP41 VDD 15 16 VPP
DIP 9 9 40 DIP40 HLS 17 18 RST
DIP10 10 39 DIP39 - 19 20 ALSB/PDB
DIP11 11 38 DIP38
DIP12 12 37 DIP37 JP1 for Writer transition board
DIP13 13 36 DIP36 JP2 for dice and >48 pin package
DIP14 14 35 DIP35
DIP15 15 34 DIP34
DIP16 16 33 DIP33
DIP17 17 32 DIP32
DIP18 18 31 DIP31
DIP19 19 30 DIP30
DIP20 20 29 DIP29
DIP21 21 28 DIP28
DIP22 22 27 DIP27
DIP23 23 26 DIP26
DIP24 24 25 DIP25

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13.2 PROGRAMMING PIN MAPPING:

Programming Pin Information of SN8P2602C Series
Chip Name SN8P2602CP/S(DIP/SOP) SN8P2602CX(SSOP)
Writer Connector IC and JP3 48-pin text tool Pin Assignment
JP1/JP2 JP1/JP2 IC IC JP3 IC IC JP3
Pin Number Pin Name Pin Number Pin Name Pin Number Pin Number Pin Name Pin Number
1 VDD 14 VDD 29 15, 16 VDD 29, 30
2 GND 5 VSS 20 5, 6 VSS 19, 20
3 CLK 6 P5.0 21 7 P5.0 21
4 CE - - - - - -
5 PGM 17 P1.0 32 19 P1.0 33
6 OE 7 P5.1 22 8 P5.1 22
7 D1 - - - - - -
8 D0 - - - - - -
9 D3 - - - - - -
10 D2 - - - - - -
11 D5 - - - - - -
12 D4 - - - - - -
13 D7 - - - - - -
14 D6 - - - - - -
15 VDD - - - - - -
16 VPP 4 RST 19 4 RST 18
17 HLS - - - - - -
18 RST - - - - - -
19 - - - - - - -
20 ALSB/PDB 18 P1.1 33 20 P1.1 34

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14 Marking Definition
14.1 INTRODUCTION
There are many different types in Sonix 8-bit MCU production line. This note listed the production definition of all 8-bit
MCU for order or obtain information. This definition is only for Blank OTP MCU.

14.2 MARKING INDETIFICATION SYSTEM

SN8 X PART No. X X X

Material B = PB-Free Package

G = Green Package

Temperature - = 0 ~ 70
D = -40 ~ 85
Range

Shipping W=Wafer, H=Dice

Package P=P-DIP, S=SOP,
X=SSOP

Device 2602C

ROM Type P = OTP

Title SONiX 8-bit MCU Production

14.3 MARKING EXAMPLE

 Wafer, Dice:
Name ROM Type Device Package Temperature Material
S8P2602CW OTP 2602C Wafer 0℃~70℃ -
SN8P2602CH OTP 2602C Dice 0℃~70℃ -
 Green Package:
Name ROM Type Device Package Temperature Material
SN8P2602CPG OTP 2602C P-DIP 0℃~70℃ Green Package
SN8P2602CSG OTP 2602C SOP 0℃~70℃ Green Package
SN8P2602CXG OTP 2602C SSOP 0℃~70℃ Green Package
SN8P2602CPDG OTP 2602C P-DIP -40℃~85℃ Green Package
SN8P2602CSDG OTP 2602C SOP -40℃~85℃ Green Package
SN8P2602CXDG OTP 2602C SSOP -40℃~85℃ Green Package

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 PB-Free Package:
Name ROM Type Device Package Temperature Material
SN8P2602CPB OTP 2602C P-DIP 0℃~70℃ PB-Free Package
SN8P2602CSB OTP 2602C SOP 0℃~70℃ PB-Free Package
SN8P2602CXB OTP 2602C SSOP 0℃~70℃ PB-Free Package
SN8P2602CPDB OTP 2602C P-DIP -40℃~85℃ PB-Free Package
SN8P2602CSDB OTP 2602C SOP -40℃~85℃ PB-Free Package
SN8P2602CXDB OTP 2602C SOP -40℃~85℃ PB-Free Package

14.4 DATECODE SYSTEM

X X X X XXXXX

SONiX Internal Use

1=01
Day
2=02
....
9=09
A=10
B=11
....

Month 1=January
2=February
....
9=September
A=October
B=November
C=December

Year 03= 2003

04= 2004
05= 2005
06= 2006
....

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15 PACKAGE INFORMATION
15.1 P-DIP 18 PIN

MIN NOR MAX MIN NOR MAX

SYMBOLS
(inch) (mm)
A - - 0.210 - - 5.334
A1 0.015 - - 0.381 - -
A2 0.125 0.130 0.135 3.175 3.302 3.429
D 0.880 0.900 0.920 22.352 22.860 23.368
E 0.300 7.620
E1 0.245 0.250 0.255 6.223 6.350 6.477
L 0.115 0.130 0.150 2.921 3.302 3.810
ｅB 0.335 0.355 0.375 8.509 9.017 9.525
θ° 0° 7° 15° 0° 7° 15°

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15.2 SOP 18 PIN

MIN NOR MAX MIN NOR MAX

SYMBOLS
(inch) (mm)
A 0.093 0.099 0.104 2.362 2.502 2.642
A1 0.004 0.008 0.012 0.102 0.203 0.305
D 0.447 0.455 0.463 11.354 11.557 11.760
E 0.291 0.295 0.299 7.391 7.493 7.595
H 0.394 0.407 0.419 10.008 10.325 10.643
L 0.016 0.033 0.050 0.406 0.838 1.270
θ° 0° 4° 8° 0° 4° 8°

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15.3 SSOP 20 PIN

MIN NOR MAX MIN NOR MAX

SYMBOLS
(inch) (mm)
A 0.053 0.063 0.069 1.350 1.600 1.750
A1 0.004 0.006 0.010 0.100 0.150 0.250
A2 - - 0.059 - - 1.500
b 0.008 0.010 0.012 0.200 0.254 0.300
c 0.007 0.008 0.010 0.180 0.203 0.250
D 0.337 0.341 0.344 8.560 8.660 8.740
E 0.228 0.236 0.244 5.800 6.000 6.200
E1 0.150 0.154 0.157 3.800 3.900 4.000
[e] 0.025 0.635
h 0.010 0.017 0.020 0.250 0.420 0.500
L 0.016 0.025 0.050 0.400 0.635 1.270
L1 0.039 0.041 0.043 1.000 1.050 1.100
ZD 0.059 1.500
Y - - 0.004 - - 0.100
θ° 0° - 8° 0° - 8°

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SONIX reserves the right to make change without further notice to any products herein to improve reliability, function or
design. SONIX does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit described herein;
neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. SONIX products are not designed,
intended, or authorized for us as components in systems intended, for surgical implant into the body, or other applications
intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the SONIX product could create a
situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should Buyer purchase or use SONIX products for any such
unintended or unauthorized application. Buyer shall indemnify and hold SONIX and its officers , employees, subsidiaries,
affiliates and distributors harmless against all claims, cost, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising
out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use
even if such claim alleges that SONIX was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part.

Main Office:
Address: 10F-1, NO.36, Taiyuan Street, Chupei City, Hsinchu, Taiwan R.O.C.
Tel: 886-3-560 0888
Fax: 886-3-560 0889
Taipei Office:
Address: 15F-2, NO.171, Song Ted Road, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C.
Tel: 886-2-2759 1980
Fax: 886-2-2759 8180
Hong Kong Office:
Unit 1519, Chevalier Commercial Centre, NO.8 Wang Hoi Road, Kowloon Bay,
Hong Kong.
Tel: 852-2723-8086
Fax: 852-2723-9179
Technical Support by Email:
Sn8fae@sonix.com.tw

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