9

Arts
Quarter 1 – Module 1a
Western Classical Art Traditions
-Paintings and Sculptures
 MAPEH – Grade 9 Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1a: Western Classical Art Traditions- Paintings
and Sculptures
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Aljame T. Landiza

Editors: Mary Rose G. Acupanda Mayflor Olarte - Abuso
Jomar S. Quibot
Reviewer: Mayflor Olarte - Abuso
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Rosela R. Abiera
Fay C. Luarez, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D. Maricel S. Rasid
Nilita L. Ragay, Ed. D. Elmar L. Cabrera
Jenith C. Cabajon

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
 What I Need to Know

Even before humans learned to read and write they were already artists as
manifested by the different archaeological discoveries from the different parts of
the world. Each and every civilization of the world has its distinct art forms
depending on its aesthetic and utilitarian needs.
Different eras different styles, different characteristics and functions of the
arts occurred but all of those contributed in the development and establishing the
importance of arts in our lives today.
In this module you will learn about elements and principles in the
production of work following the style of a western and classical art.

LEARNING COMPETENCY:

◆ Analyzes art elements and principles in the production of

workfollowing the style of a western and classical art.
A9EL-Ib-1
◆ Identifies distinct characteristics of arts during the different art
periods.
A9EL-Ia-2
◆ Identifies representative artist from various art periods.
A9EL-Ia-3
◆ Reflects on and derives the mood, ideas, or message from
selected artworks.
A9PL-Ih-1
◆ Discusses the use or function of artworks by evaluating their
utilization and combination of art elements and principles.
A9PL- Ih- 2
◆ Uses artworks to derive the traditions/history of an art
period.
A9PL-Ih- 3

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 At the end of the module, you should be able to:

⚫ Identify art elements and principles in the production of work

following the style of a western and classical art;
⚫ Create an artwork to derive the history and tradition of a certain
art period; and
⚫ Reflect on the principles in the production of work emanating
from selected artworks from different art periods.

What I Know

Direction: Write only the letter of your answer in your arts activity notebook.

Multiple Choice: Choose the correct answer

1. It is method of painting water-based pigments on a freshly applied plaster usually

on a wall surfaces.
A. ENCAUSTIC B. FRESCO C. ACRYLIC D. TROPME-L’-OEIL
2. It is a method of applying pigments mixed with beeswax and fixed with heat after
its application
A. ENCAUSTIC B. FRESCO C. ACRYLIC D. TROPME-L’-OEIL
3. An art process where you create an image using an assemblage of small pieces
of colored glass, stones, or other materials
A. STAINED GLASS B. COLLAGE C. MOSAICS D. TROPME-L’-OEIL
4. A stone coffin, often inscribed or decorated with sculpture
A. TOMB B. MEGALITHS C. PYRAMID D. SARCOPHAGUS
5. It is a colored glass used to form decorative or pictorial designs
A. ENCAUSTIC B. MOSAICS C. STAINED GLASS D. COLLAGE

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 What’s In

Write the mood, ideas, or message of each sculpture from

each era of Western Classical Arts. Use your a r t s a c t i v i t y notebook for
your answers.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Taken from ARTS 9 Learner’s Manual Draft 4.7.2014.

What’s New

What is Western Classical Arts Tradition?

What are the distinct characteristics of the artworks of each period?

What is It

Pre-historic art is classified into three periods such as; Paleolithic (Old
Stone Age), Mesolithic(Middle Stone Age), and Neolithic (New Stone Age) Eras.
Their art is of interest not only to the art historians but also to archeologist and
anthropologist, for whom the art is only one clue- along with fossils, pollen and other
finds to an understanding of early human life and culture.

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 Paintings from the Pre-historic Era

https://www.ancient.eu/Lascaux_Cave/

Their paintings were found inside the caves which may have been their way of
communicating with each other. It may also be for religious or ceremonialpurposes.
Prehistoric drawings of animals were usually correct in proportion. The dominant
features in the painting were large animals native in the region.

Prehistoric Sculptures

Materials used in sculptures vary according to region and locality. Archaeologists

believed that their sculpture is a result of natural erosion and not of human artistry.
Frequently,carving may have mythological or religious significance.

Venus of Willendorf 28,000 B.C.E. – 25,000 B.C.E

https://www.phaidon.com/agenda/art/articles/20 15/october/21/my-body-of-art-new-museum- exhibitions-director-massimiliano-gioni-on-the- venus-of-
willendorf/

It is carved from limestone with

excessively heavy breast and abdomen used as
charm to ensure fertility.
A sculpture of a lady with the hood. It is a
fragmentary ivory figurine from the Upper
Paleolithic era that realistically represents the
human face and hairstyle.
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Venus of Brassempouy
Museed’ArchéologieNationale at Saint-Germain-enlaye 25,000 yearsold
,Image from Treasures of the World, 1961 CCP Library
Egyptian civilization was one of the early civilizations that have greatly contributed
in the development of art, religion, science, and technology of the world. Egyptian art is
primarily religious in nature.

Paintings from Ancient Egypt

The purpose of Egyptian

paintings is to make the deceased
afterlife place pleasant With this in mind,
themes include journey to the underworld
introducing the deceased to the gods of
the underworld by their protective deities.
It emphasizes the importance of life after
death and the preservation of the
knowledge
of the past. Most paintings were highly
stylize symbolic, and shows profile view of Paintings from Sarcophagus of Tutankhamen
XVIII dynasty, 1362 A.D.- 1253 BC (Images from
an animal or a person.The main colors
used were red, black, blue , gold and Treasures of the World, 1961 CCP Library)
green taken derived from mineral Taken from ARTS 9 Learner’s Manual Draft 4.7.2014. P. 143
pigments that can withstand
strong sunlight without fading. Ancient Greek art depicts naturalism. They portray
human forms in a realistic and anatomically correct manner. Their art has a
conservative form with a very complex detail.

Sculptures from the Egyptian Era

Symbolic elements were widely used such as forms, hieroglyphics, relative

size, location, materials, color, actions and gestures. Their tombs required the most
extensive used of sculpture.

The most common materials used for sculptures are wood, ivory and stones.
Characteristics of the sculptures:

1. Symbolism were heavily used to represent the gods. They were represented as
composite creature with animal heads on human bodies
2. Relief compositions were arranged in horizontal lines to record an event or
represent an action.
3. Most of the time the gods were shown larger than humans, the kings larger than
their followers, the dead larger than the living.
4. Empty space were filled with figures or hieroglyphics
5. All individual components were all brought to the plane of
representation and laid out like writing

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 • Realistic,with heavy lidded eyes, slender neck, determined
chin and pure profile under her heavy crown.
• Queen , refers to the Great Royal wife of the Egyptian Pharaoh.
• An example of portraits presented in rigid postures , and were
simple and powerful with very little show of .
private emotion Queen Nefertiti, 1375-1357 BC
https://www.dkfindout.com/us/history/ancient- egypt/nefertiti/

Paintings from Classical Greek Era

Paintings during the classical era were most commonly found in vases,
panels and tomb. It depicts natural figures with dynamic compositions. Most of the
subjects were battle scenes, mythological figures, and everyday scenes. It reveals a
grasp of linear perspective and naturalist representation. Most common methods
of Greek painting:

1. Fresco- method of painting water-based pigments on a freshly applied plaster

usually on a wall surfaces. Colors are made with grind powder pigments in pure
water, dry and set with a plaster to become a permanent part of the wall. Ideal for
murals, durable and has a matte style.
2. Encaustic– developed to use by Greek ship builders,
who used the hot wax to fill the cracks of the ship. Soon
pigments (colors) was added and used to paint a wax hull.

Vase painting
Kerch Style also referred to as Kerch Vases are red-
figured pottery named after the place where it was found.
Shapes commonly found are:
1. pelike (wine container)
2. lekanis (a low bowl with two horizontal handles and a
low broad foot)
3. lebes gamikos (with high handles and lid use to Judgement of Paris (370-330B.C.)
https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/attic-red-
figure-pelike-kerch-style-attributed-to-the-painter-
carry bridal bath) of-the-wedding-procession/nQElptiKPavUoQ

4. krater (bowl use for mixing wine and water)

Most common motifs were mostly scenes from the life of women (often
exaggeratedly idyllic), mythological beings that were popular among the people of the
black sea, or a scene form mythical story or event.It used a technique called polycromy,
combination of different colors specially the brilliant one in an artistic manner.

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the life of women (often exaggeratedly idyllic), mythological beings that were popular
among the people of the black sea, or a scene form mythical story or event.It used a
technique called polycromy, combination of different colors specially the brilliant one in
an artistic manner.

Panel Painting

There are paintings on flat panels of wood. It can be either a small, single
piece or several panels joined together. Most of the panel paintings no longer exist
because of its organic composition.

Tomb / Wall Painting

Tomb or wall painting was very popular during the classical period. It uses the
method frescoes either tempera (water-base) or encaustic (wax). It has a sharp,
flatly outlined style of painting and because it uses water-based materials, very few
samples survived.

Greek Sculptures

Early Greek
sculptures were tense
and stiff, their bodies
were hidden within
enfolding robes.After
three centuries of
experiments, Greek
sculptures had finally
evolved and showed all
the points of human
anatomy and
proportion. One of the
most popular styles of
the Greek sculptures
was the Hellenistic
style. Hellenistic
denotes a preference Myron; The Discobulus, 450 BC
in sculpture for more Image from Treasures of the World, 1961 CCPLibrary

elaborated patterns, mannered arrangement of

figures and groups, and an emphasis on the representation of movement for dramatic
effects. Myron; The Discobulus shows an attitude of maximum
tension, full of compressed energy, and about to explode an Action.

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Roman art developed as a new source of artistic creativity much more progressive
than the conservative Greek art. The diversity of its form and its variety inspired the
modern attitude in art.

Paintings from the Romantic Era

Most of the paintings in this era

were copied or imitated from Hellenic
Greek paintings. Fresco technique was
used in brightly colored backgrounds;
division of the wall into a multiple
rectangular areas (tic-tac-toe design);
multi point perspective; and a tropme-l’-
oeil effect. Roman paintings have a wide
variety of subjects, animals, everyday
life, still life, mythological subjects,
portraits and landscapes. The
development of landscape painting is
the main innovation of Roman painting
from
Greek painting.

Head of Alexander
Image from Treasures of the World, 1961 CCP Library
Mosaic.

It is an art process where an image is created using an assemblage of small

pieces of colored glass, stones, or other materials. This technique use for decorative art
or interior decorations.

The full image is a Roman floor mosaic in the House of Fun Pompei, dated100
B.C.The whole mosaic depicts the battle between the armies of Alexander the Great
and Darius III of Persia.

Roman Sculptures

Sarcopagus, from Cervetiri, c. 520 BCE, Museo Nacionale de Villa Giulia, Rome
https://www.ceramicstudies.me.uk/frame1tu7.html
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 Most Roman sculptures are made of monumental terracotta. They did not
attempt to compete with the free standing Greek works of history or mythology but
rather they produced reliefs in the Great

Roman triumphal columns with continuous narrative reliefs around. Used for
the burial of Roman General involved in the campaign of Marcus Aurellius
The best known and most elaborate ofall “sarcophagus”(It is a box liked funeral
receptacle for a dead body. Comes from a Greek word “sarx” meaning flesh
and“phagein” meaning “to eat”)

It depicts Battle scenes

between Romans and
Germans. Carved in
marble made of
Terra Cotta in 6’7”
length(2.06
m)

The Portonacio Sarcophagus between 180-190 BCE

https://thepaideiablog.wordpress.com/2014/10/17/portonaccio-sarcophagus/

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 Byzantine was art
purposely made to glorify the
Christian religion and to
express its mystery. It is filled
with spiritual symbolism,
illustrates a love of splendor. It
was a combination of Eastern
(decorative art forms) and
classical Western Art
(naturalistic art).

The court of Empress Theodora, mosaic 6th century AD

San Vitale, Ravena

Byzantine Painting

The lively styles of paintings

which had been invented in Greek and
Rome lived on in Byzantium but this
time forChristian subjects.By the 11th century, the Greek and Oriental styles
seem to blend together in magnificent, imposing images, which adorned the churches in large and
small forms.

Theodora was an Asian Queen with dark eyes

and hair withfierce expression
https://empresstheodoraandretinue.weebly.com/empress-theodora-and-her-retinue.html

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 Byzantine Sculptures

The dominant themes in

Byzantine sculptures are religious,
everyday life scenes, and motifs
from nature.
Animals were used as symbols
(dove, deer, peafowl) while some
had acrostic signs (form of writing
in which taking the first letter;
syllable or word of different lines
and putting them together it can
be read a message) that
contained a great theological
significance.
Christ in Majesty, painting from the Church of
Saint Clemente, Tahull, Lerida Spain, c. 1123

Romanesque art was characterized by its very vigorous style in painting and
sculpture, lavishly decorated manuscripts, and retained many basic features of
Roman architectural styles. It was also greatly influenced by Byzantine art with a
highly innovative and coherent style.

Painting These are largely placed mosaics on the walls of the churches that
follows a strict frontal pose.
It has a remarkable variety of artistic traditions such as modeling and
treatment of faces and draperies that follow Byzantine convention while the
refreshingly decorative feeling comes from southern French styles. It also shows
traces of Mozarabic influence (Arabize influence) through elongated oval faces,
large staring eyes and long noses, figures against flat colored bands and heavy
outlining.

Romanesque Sculptures

Some of the famous sculptural

pieces are reliquaries, altar
frontals, crucifixes, and devotional
images. Small individual works of
art were generally made of costly
materials for royal and aristocratic
patrons. These lightweight
devotional images were usually
carried in the processions both
inside and outside the
churches.The basic characteristics
of
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 The Barberini Diptych -an early example of Byzantine Ivory work
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barberini_Ivory

Gothic art styles reinforce symbolic meanings.

The church symbolizes the transcendence of the soul, and the underlying
philosophy is to create buildings of height and light.

PAINTINGS FROM THE GOTHIC ERA

Paintings have been
confined in the illumination of
manuscript pages and the
painting of frescoes on the
walls of churches in
cosmopolitan style, elegant,
mannered and
sophisticated.Subjects usually
depicts popular legends and
love stories, patterns like “mille
fleur” or thousand flowers show
influence which may have been
due to the Crusades.

Lady and the Unicorn tapestry, 1506- 1513

https://www.ancient.eu/image/11080/the-lady-and-the- unicorn-mon-seul-desir/

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 Rose window from the North transept, about 1230

Stained glass windows were created to transform the vast stone interiors with warm
andglowing color and at the same time to instruct Christians in their faith.

The Shepherd David, 13th century, Gothic

manuscript illustration
Image from Treasures of the World, 1961
CCP Library

The paintings show some realistic details and shows naive naturalism.

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 Resurrection of the Virgin
end of the 12th century Cathedral Amiens
Image from Treasures of the World, 1961 CCPLibrary

Taken from ARTS 9 Learner’s Manual Draft 4.7.2014. P. 161

Last Judgement, tympanum

(an architectural element with in the arch or pediment) of the
west portal, Cathedral of Saint-Lazare, Autun Burgundy France,
c. 1120-35 by Gislebertus

Taken from ARTS 9 Learner’s Manual Draft 4.7.2014. P. 151

Gothic Sculptures

Gothic sculptures have a greater freedom of style. They no longer lay closely
against the wall, but begun to project outward. Figures were given their own
particular attitudes instead of being set into particular patterns and are more lively
and realistic.

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 What’s More

Pre historic to medieval arts has very rich characteristics, have specific
functions in their lives and beliefs, very modern and accurate in their designs
and become the key in understanding how the people in the early age live their
lives.
Analyze and relate some famous artworks of the early age to some
Philippine artworks and reflect how they have in common or how they can be
associated with each other. Write your answer in your art activity notebook.

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 What I Have Learned

DIRECTION: Fill in the column with the characteristics and functions that would best
describe the painting in every era/period. Write your answer in your
arts activity notebook. Copy the given template.

Period/Era Characteristics
1. Ancient Art
Prehistoric
Egyptian
2. ClassicalPaintings
Greek
Roman
3. Medieval Paintings
Byzantine
Romanesque
Gothic

What I Can Do

Period/Era Functions
1. Ancient Art
Prehistoric
Egyptian
2. ClassicalPaintings
Greek
Roman
3. Medieval Paintings
Byzantine
Romanesque
Gothic

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 Assessment

Direction: Read each item carefully and use your Arts activity
notebook to write your answers. Write only the letter of the
correct answer.

1. An art process where you create an image using an assemblage of

small piecesof colored glass, stones, or other materials
A. Collage B. Mosaics C. Stained glassD. Tropme-l’-oeil
2. It is method of painting water-based pigments on a freshly applied
plaster usuallyon a wall surfaces.
A. Acrylic B.Encaustic C. Fresco D. Tropme-l’-oeil
3. It is a colored glass used to form decorative or pictorial designs
A. Collage B. Encaustic C. Mosaics D. Stained glass
4. Which is NOT one of the periods of Medieval Arts ?
A. Byzantine B. Classical C. Gothic D. Romanesque
5. The following are the artworks of Romantic Period EXCEPT
A. Cave painting B. Vase painting C. Panel
D.Tomb/wall

Additional Activities

Directions:

1. Paint in a short bond paper a subject that derive a traditions/history of

thePhilippines.
2. Paste the your output in your MAPEH journal notebook and write a
title of yourpainting.

Answer Key

5. A 5. C
4. C 4. A
3. C 3. C
2. B 2. A
1. A 1. B
ASSESSMENT WHAT I KNOW
References

Books

Badiola, M.G., Vecino, M.A., Duyan, D., Bongcawil, A.M., Mendoza, J.,
Bustillo, G.J., Pambuan, A.S., and Siobal. L.. A Journey through
Western Music and Arts – grade 9 Learner’s Material. Sunshine
Interlinks Publishing House, Inc. Department of education. 2014.

Websites

https://www.ancient.eu/Lascaux_Cave/
https://www.flickr.com/photos/paullew/14895438998
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apse_of_Sant_Climent,_Ta%C3%BCll
https://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/tools/pottery/shapes/calyx.htm
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/771382242397492796/
https://www.britannica.com/topic/hieroglyph
https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-the-alexander-mosaic-dating-from-
circa-100-bc- is-a-famous-roman-floor-57353226.html
https://www.phaidon.com/agenda/art/articles/2015/october/21/my-body-
of-art-new- museum-exhibitions-director-massimiliano-gioni-on-the-
venus-of-willendorf/
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Venus_of_Brassempouy.png
https://www.dkfindout.com/us/history/ancient-egypt/nefertiti/
https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/attic-red-figure-pelike-kerch-style-
attributed- to-the-painter-of-the-wedding-procession/nQElptiKPavUoQ
https://www.ceramicstudies.me.uk/frame1tu7.html
https://thepaideiablog.wordpress.com/2014/10/17/portonaccio-
sarcophagus/ https://empresstheodoraandretinue.weebly.com/empress-
theodora-and-her- retinue.html
https://www.ancient.eu/image/11080/the-lady-and-the-unicorn-mon-seul-desir/
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Email Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net