FY making adjectives ard adverbs9| P-seter LISTENING & SPEAKING a Answer the questions with a partner. Say what you would do and why. What would you do if...? 1 somebody in the street asked you f way home tonight 2 you were driving home at night and you saw omebody who had run out of petrol \F maney on your 3 you saw an old man being attacked in the street by @ couple of teenagers 4 you were in @ queue et e station or airport and someone asked to go in front af you because he / she was in a hurry 5. you were driving to work and you saw someone by www frenglish.ru Yes.ifhe. hadn't helped You | “me, | would were really, fave missed Wuekyt SOY ta cn Read and listen to writer 7@ Bernard Hare on a radio programme talking about a, something that happened to him when he was a student. Then in pairs, summarize what happened. Use the words and phrases below. the police a phone box the last train, hiechhike from Peterborough the ticket inspector upset Decide what you think happened next. Then listen. Were you correct? the road, hitchhiking & you sow sornecne one bus or tain, kacking really upset The ticket inspector Iwas living in a student flat in North London when the police knocked on my door one night. thought it was because | hadn't paid the rant for a few manths, £0 didn't ‘open the door. But then | wondered if it ‘was something to do with my mother, who I knew wasn't very well. There ‘was no phone in the flat, anc this was before the days of mobile phones, so ran down to the nearest phone bex and phoned my dad in Leeds, in the north of England, He told me that my mum was Very iin hospral ang that | should go home as soon as | could ‘When I got to the station, I found that lid missed the last train to Leeds. There ‘was a train to Peterborough, from ‘where some local trains went to Leeds, but I would miss the connection by about 20 minutes, | decided to get the Peterborough traln-1 was so desperate ‘To getnome mnat | thought maybe | ‘could hitchhike from Peterborough, “Tickets, please’ | looked up and saw the ticket inspector. He could see from my eyes that Id been crying, ‘Are you OK, ne askeu. Of course It OK, | sal “You look awful’ he continued. Is there J ‘anything |can do?” You could go away’ I said rudely, But he didn't. He sat down and said, ‘tf ‘there's a probiem, tm here to help’ The ‘only thing | coulc think ot was to tell him my story. When | finished, | said, ‘So now you know. I'm a bit upset, and ‘don’t fee! like talking any more, OK?" ‘OK, he said, finally getting up. ‘'m sorry to hear that, son. hope you make ithome! {continued to look out of the window at ‘The dark countryside, Ten minutes later, the ticket inspector came back.d_ Listen to the second part of the story again and answer the questions. 1. What did the ticket inwpsetor de for Bernard? 2 How did Bernard react? 53h oe he scket Inspector then ask Bernard to oo? 4 How did this experience change hin? © @9.3 Listen to three people who phoned inwith their stories about being helped by strangers. Which onal) happened when the people were travelling? Story = f Listen again and match three sentences to each story. A The problem happened at airport security. B |) The problem happened when the speaker was shopping for food. C © The speaker hed forgotten an imgortart rule. D | The speaker was travelling with his / her family when something happened. E |) The speaker didn't have enough money to pay for something F 1) The speaker lost something that was really important for him / hee 6 © Aweek later, the man returned the items which had been taken away Hi The stranger wes very scary. 1 One of the strangers who halped him / her was a child 9 Which of the four stories do you think is a) the most surprising, b) the most moving? Why? h Have you over helped a stranger, or boon helped by a stranger? What happened? www frenglish.ru 2 GRAMMAR third conditional a Match the sentence halves about the stories in 1 117 the inspector hadn't stopped the train to Leads... 2 Hthe biker hadn't found the litle girs blanket. 3 Ihe gil and her mute Inedt't Lough it Ue giver, 4 Hf the security man had thrown the woman's paints away, A the man and his wife wouldn't have had anything to eat. B she wouldn't have been able to sleep. C Bernard would have missed his connection, D she mul have gut tient beck b Now read the sentences about Bernard's story. Which ane describes what happened? Which one describes an imaginary situation? 1 the inspector hadn't stopped the train, he would have missed his connection. 2. The inspector stopped the train, so he didn't miss his connection. © @p.148 Grammar Bank 9A d_ Complete the sentences in your own words to make third conditional sentences. If the dog hadn't barked... We wouldn't have missed the bus If| had listened te my friend's advice, I would have won the race if If] hadn't got up 30 late, I would have been really annoyed it. 2 Compare sentences with a partner. Check that they are all correct. 3 PRONUNCIATION sentence rhythm, weak pronunciation of have a @9.5 Listen and repeat the sentences How is have pronounced after would? 1 Fd known you were ill, | would have Come to see you. Fra known you were ill wauld have €ome to €00 you 2 the weather had been bett we would have stayed longer. IF the weather hac been better wwe would have stayed longer. 3 lthadn’t stopped to get petrol wouldn't havo been late hadn't stopped to get petrol, | wouldn'thave been late. 4 We would have missed our flight iit hadn't boon delayed. \We would have missed our flight ifit hadn't been delayed. Copy the rhythm. b @9.6 Listen and write five third conditional sentences. ¢ @ Communication Guess the conditional A p.109 B p.113, Practise third conditionalwww frenglish.ru 4 READING & SPEAKING “ a Do you consider yourself in general to be a How to improve lucky person? Why (not)? your luck and win the —— lottery twice (possibly) In a text, paragraphs usually begin with a Richard Wiseman topic sentence. This sentence tells you what ‘the paragraph is going to be about. b_ You are aoina to read an article about TAG cress eve toon aaa tho Gaeehttinenetuct ItkcRast'ia ncensioncorcevriope | at sentences, and sentences A-E. Then read _ are more than 283 billion to one. They are clearly incredibly the article and complete the paragraphs with jy = but is theve auytlting we cas all do to increase the ACE. Use the highlighted words and phrases chances of being lucky ourselves? tehelp.you. ' I studied the lives of more then ‘A But isitpossible to use these techniques to win +400 people who considored themselves oithor very lucky or very the lottery? ‘untooky: asked everyone to Keen iffaries, exmaplete porecnatity 8 A fow years ago, [led alange'research project tess, and take part in experiments about huck. 2 ieaurk peroneal tar eu anely Eventually, we uncovered four key psychological ‘Instead, Iucky and unlucky people create much oftheir good and prucipiee ‘ad luck by the way they think and behave. For example, in one ; cexporiment, we asked our volunteers to look through a newspaper D Inasecond phase of the project, I wanted to and count the number of photographs in i, However, we didn't Aiscover whether twas possbie to change Uiiecitiar ra eel eis od een we cea people's luck. ‘The first was a halt page advert clearly stating, ‘STOP COUNTING, TRERMeAINN ick a naa ringed THERE ARE 43 PHOTOGRAPES IN THIS NEWSPAPER A second ‘svg ar Creal a etn oN advert later on said, “TELL THE EXPERIMENTER YOU'VE SEEN THIS AND WIN £150’ The lucky people quickly spotted these € Read the article again. Choose a, b, or c. opportunities. partly because thay tended tobe very relaxed. In 1 In his frst research project into luck, the author contrast, the unlucky people focused anxiously on the task of asked the volunteers to counting the photos and so tended not to see the advertisements 1 cocci) what appv to hain evry dy Without zealising t both groups had created thels own good and dad luck. answer questions about their jobs « live together fora few months 2 none experiment, the unlucky people 1 didn’t count the photographs correctly b didn't notice something important in the newspaper ‘© ware not able to finish the task 3 The researchers concluded that lucky people are generally 2 optimistic b hard-working © ambitious 4 Ina second phase of the project, Wiseman asked his volunteers to a change their jobs bb change their attitude © change ther lifestyle 5 Wiseman laelieves that 2 being lucky in your personal life is more important than being lucky at work bb winning the lottery is as important as being lucky in your personal life € winning the lottery is less important than being lucky in yeur personal life+ Lucky people create and notice opportunities by. developing a relaxed attitude to life and being open to change, + Lucky people tend to listen to their intuition and act, ‘quickly. Unlucky people tend to analyse situations too much, and are afraid to act. + Lucky people are confident that the future will be positive, and this motivates them to try, even when they have little chance of success. Unlucky people are sure that they will fail, and so they often give up before they have begun, + Lucky people keep going, even when they are likely to fail, ond they learn from thetr miztalco. Unlucky people get depressed by the smallest problem, and think that the problems are their fault. even when they arent. . asked a group of 200 volunteers to use the four key principles and to think and behave like a lucky person. The results were remarkable, In a few months, about two-thirds of the group became ‘nappir healthiar, and more enccosafil in their earsons 8 Unfortunately not Lotteries are purely chance events, and nothing can really influence your chances of success. However, the good znows is that being lucky in your personal life and career is far more important than winning the lottery. Adapted from The Guardian www frenglish.ru ‘Ask and answer the questions with a partner. 1. Do you agree with Richard Wiseman that people are not born lucky or unlucky, but can loarn ta make their ‘own luck? 2 Can you remember a time when you were either very lockater very unluslay? Whot hoppenesl? 3 Do you know anyone who you think is particularly lucky or unlucky? Why? 4 Think ofa time when you were successful at something. Do you think it was because you worked hard atit, or because you were lucky and in the right place av the right time? VOCABULARY making adjectives and adverbs ‘A few years ago, [led a lange research project about luck, I studied the lives of more than 400 people ‘who considered themselves either very lucky or very unlucky. Look at the bald words in the sentences above. Which is a noun and which are adjectives? Using ‘the word luck, can you make... 1 a positive adverb 2 anegative adverb @ p-164 Vocabulary Bank Word-building Do Part 2. Read the rules for the sentence game. The sentence game | of the given word (62 if the word ig lurk, you can use lucky, Juckily, unlucky, etc.). Work in teams of three or four. Play the sentence game. You have five minutes to write the following sentences 1 GOGO (11 words) 4 ETO(6 words) 2 GemAGETO(9 words) 5 PEREGO (2 words) 2 (rk 7 words) Your teacher will tell you if your sentences are correct. The team with the most correct sentences is the winney9A www frenglish.ru GRAMMAR BANK third conditional IF fd keown you hada problem, | would have helped you. 9.4 If Paul hadn't gone to Braz he wouldn't have met his wie Would you have gone to the party if you'd known Lisa was there? ‘You wouldn't have lost your job if you hadn't been late every ‘a Match the sentence halves. Billy wouldn't have injured his head 2 If | hadn't seen the speed camera, Jon might have got the job She would have hurt herself bacly IF Katy anc Luke hadn't caught the same train, What would you have studied How would you have got to the airport IF you'd worn a warmer coat, Your parents would have enjoyed the trip Would you have been annoyed b Complete thet If Tom hadn't one to universit 1 Ifyou meta the station. 1 2 We the match if the referee 3 You the weekend if you ain ihe tsatne tickets anne, thy 5 Mike fis wife's birthday if she 6 Ifthe police five minutes later, they 7 Ifyou ime the money, | 8 That git) in the river ifyou 9 We the hotel if we 10 if about the job; fel wonitionel semlenees tw tale sbuvt hypothetical /imaginary situations in the past, Le. how things could have been different in the past. Compare: Yesterday | got up late and missed my train, — the real situation) IF hadn't got up late yesterday, I wouldn't have missed my teain (m the hypnthatinal ar imaginary past situation) ‘+ To make a third conditional, we use if+ past perfect and. would have + past participle. NOT sE-weuldhhoveknewn Saclolaipclasn ‘+ The contraction of both had and would is ‘d. IF'd have known you had a problem, 'd have helped you. + We can use might or could inetead of would to make the result ess certain, If she'd studied harder, she might have passed the exam. A ifyou'd gone to university? B you wouldn't have caught e cold, C if she'd told you the truth? Difhe'd worn hisheimet. E they wouldn't have met. F ifhe'd been on time for his interview. G if they'd come with us. H if she'd fallen down the stairs. | I wouldn't have slowed down. J ifthe trains had been on strike? conditional sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. he wouldn't have gota job with that company. (nat go, nat get) my train. (not take, miss) se penalty (not win, not give) swith us, enjoy, come) sare empsive, (ot bay, be) im. (forget, not remind) the thief, arrive, not catch) to co away for the weekend. (not lend, not be able) her arm! (fal, not catch) the signpost. (not find. not seen) for it. know, apply] °°Word-building 1 MAKING NOUNS FROM VERBS a Make nouns trom the verbs in the list and write ‘them in the correct column. www frenglish.ru VOCABULARY BANK 2 MAKING ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS ‘D Adjective prefixes and suffixes We often make adjectives from nouns by adding 2 suffix. Some common suffixes are: echiewe Sif agree Suri! argue fain cunny; ate, €.9. passion — passionate; -able /-ible, attach (ols) choose //ixe/ compensate 9. fashion - fashionable; -ful, e.g use — useful ‘kompanseit’ complain ‘kom'plein) consider /kan'sida Neuns which end in -ence eftan make the adjective deliver idiliva) demonstrate /cdemonstrett with -ent, e.g, violence - violent. lai ike fai fe! igre po “To rhbe'a negative acjeetive, we otal ed.aiprahs seceaist caiege reenil peyien €.9, un, im-, etc. (See Vocabulary Bank Personality, ape an . p-153) However, some adjectives that end in ful ——_ all “Selig Racaph “eves Ate) make the negative by changing the suffix -ful to -less, aloe Pvaae e.g. usetul - useless, hopetul - hopeless. [Fation + ment new word b 8.20 Listen and check. Underline the stressed syllable in the nouns. ACTWATION Test a partner. Then change roles. A (hak apn) Say tha varh R (hale cincec) Say the nein Complete the questions with a noun from ain the singular or plural. 1 Have you ever been ona demonstration? What were you protesting about? 2 Nave you ever uyeried oti etal hat contained a virus? 3 Do you often have about? 4 Do you prefer reading grammar in your ‘own language, or do you think i's better to read them ‘with your family? What in English? 5 Have you ever made a ‘toa company and got? 6 Do you think that there's too much when you're shopping, eg. fora new phone? 7 Ina restaurant. what's more important for you. the food or the 2 d- 8.21 Listen and check. ActvanoN With a partner, ask and answer the ‘questions in ¢. ps3 a Look at the adjectives and adverbs from the noun luck in the chart below. Complete the chert. = == noun 5 tuck [lucky [unlucky | huekily | unlucky fortune fortunate | unfortunete comfort | patience | b @9,7 Listen and check. © Complete the sentences with the correct form of, the bold noun. 1 The beach was beautiful, but unfortunately it rained almost every day. fortune 2 My new shoes are very «lore them all day yesterday and they didn't hurt at all. comfort 3 He did the exam quickly and andso he marke late of mictales. cara 4 We were really We missed the flight by just five minutes. luek 5 Jackisa very driver He can't stand being behind somaone who is driving slowly. patience 6 Itwas a bad accident, but nobody was seriously hurt. buck 7 Itwas raining, but fans waited in the queue {0 buy tickets for tomorrow's concert. patience 8 The roads will be very icy tonight, 50 drive - care 9 The temperature dropped to minus 10 degrees, but we were all wearing werm coats. fortune 10 The bed in the hotel was incredibly Ihardly slept at all. comfort 938 Listen and check. Ops?