G third conditional

V making adjectives and adverbs You were

P sent ence stress really lucky! Yes. If he
hadn't helped me,
I would have missed
t he t rain.

1 READING & SPEAKING

a Answer the questions \vith a partner. Say b Read the beginning of a true story by the
what you would do and why. \.Vriter Bernard Hare, about son1ething
What would you do if... ? that h appened to hirn \.Vhen he \Vas a
student. T hen in pairs, decide what you
1 son1ebody in the street asked you for money
think happe11ed next.
on your way hon1e tonight
2 you were drivi ng hon1e at night and you sa\.v c 5 2 >)) Now listen to what happened.
somebody v.rho had run out of petrol Were you rigl1t?
3 you saw an old man being attacked in the
street by a couple of teenagers d Listen again and answer the questions.
4 you vvere in a queue at a station or airport 1 What did Bernard have to do as soon as he got off the train?
and son1eone asked to go in front of you 2 H o\v did Bernard react?
because he/ she \Vas in a hurry 3 What did the ticket inspector t hen ask hin1 to do?

'
I was living in a student flat in North London, when the
police knocked on my door one night. I thought it was because I
hadn't paid the rent for a few months, so I didn't open the door.
But then I wondered if it was something to do with my mother,
who I knew wasn't very well. There was no phone in the flat and
this was before the days of mobile phones, so I ran down to the
nearest phone box and phoned my dad in Leeds, in the north of
England. He told me that my mum was very ill in hospital and that
I should go home as soon as I could.
When I got to the station I found that I'd missed the last train
to Leeds. There was a train to Peterborough, from where some
local t rains went to Leeds, but I would miss the connection by
about 20 minutes. I decided to get the Peterborough train - I was
so desperate to get home that I thought maybe I could hitchhike
from Peterborough.
'Tickets, please.' I looked up and saw the ticket inspector. He
could see from my eyes that I'd been crying. 'Are you OK?' he
asked. 'Of course I'm OK,' I said. 'You look awful,' he continued.
' Is there anything I can do?' 'You could go away,' I said rudely.
But he didn't. He sat down and said ' If there's a problem, I'm here
to help'. The only thing I could think of was to tell him my story.
When I finished I said, ' So now you know. I'm a bit upset and I
don't feel like talking any more, OK?' 'OK,' he said, fin ally getting
up. ' I'm sorry to hear that, son. I hope you make it home.'
I continued to look out of the window at the dark countryside.
Ten minutes later, the t icket inspector came back.
e After this story was on the BB C, several people \.Vrote in \'v'ith 2 GRAMMAR third conditional
their stories abou t being helped by strangers. A read The students,
B read The an8el. a M atch the sentence halves fron1 t he story.
1 D If t he inspector hadn't stopped the train
to Leeds, . ..
The students 2 D If t he couple hadn't helped Karina, .. .
I was living in South Korea at
the t ime, teaching English. I had
3 D If them.an in the car hadn't stopped, .. .
to leave t he country and return A s he \'v'Ou Id have been a lone without any
again because of problems w ith inoney.
my visa, so I booked a ferry to
B they '"ou ld have had to \.Valk for miles in the
Fukuoka in Japan. I intended to
change some Korean money into cold.
Japanese yen when I got there, C he would have rnissed his connection.
but when I arrived I d iscovered it was a holiday in Japan and all the
banks were c losed. I didn't have a c re dit card, so I walked from the
b Novv look at t he sentences below. Which one
ferry terminal towards the town won dering what I was going to do describes \.vhat re a lly happened? \Vhich one
w ithout any Japanese money. I was feeling lonely and depressed describes how the situation n1ight have been
when suddenly I heard a young couple speaking French. I asked different?
them if they spoke any English, and t hey told me (in good English)
that they were Belg ian students. When I explained my problem, 1 If t he inspector hadn't stopped the t rain, he
they immediately offered to t ake me around the c ity and look fo r would have missed his connection.
somewhere where I could change money. They paid fo r my bus 2 The inspect or stopped the t rain, so he didn't
ticket, and they took me to several places and in t he end we fou nd miss his connection.
a hotel where I was able t o change my cash. They then invited me
to join t hem and their fri ends for the evening. I had a fantastic night c >- p.148 Grammar Bank 9A. Lear n n1ore
and have never forgotten how they changed all their p lans just to about the third conditional and practise it.
help a stranger. - Karina

The angel 3 PRONUNCIATION

It w as a cold Sunday evening in
Manc hester. I was a university sentence st ress
student, and my girlfriend and
a 4>)) Listen and repeat the sen tences. Copy
I had been invited to dinner with
our t utor at his house 30 km
the rhythn1.
away. We decided to go on
my motorbike, but we hadn't 1 If I'd known you were ill, I would have
realized how cold it was, so we come to see you.
hadn't dressed properly, and after ten minutes o n the bike we were 2 If the weather had been better, we
absolutely freezing. When we were about half way there, t he bike
started to make a funny noise and then stopped. We had run out of would have stayed longer.
petrol. We stood at the side of t he road, shivering w ith cold , and not 3 1f 1hadn't stopped to get petrol,
sure what to do. I WOUldn't have been late.
Suddenly a passing car stopped. The driver got out, opened t he 4 We would have missed our flight if it
boot of his car, and took out a can of petrol. He walked up to my hadn't been delayed.
bike, opened the petrol tank, and poured the petrol in. He t hen
closed the tank and got back into his car, w ithout saying a single
b r~s >)) Listen a nd write five third conditional
word, and d rove away. We couldn't believe our luck. We sometimes
sen tences.
wonder if the man who rescued us was an angel. .. - Andy
c >- Communication Guess the conditional
A p.108 8 p.111.
f in pairs, tell each other your s tory. Tell you r partner:
Where it happened
What the problem was
What the stranger(s) did t o help
~~~~~~~~~~~~---

g Which of the three stories do you think \.vas a) the n1ost

s urprising b) the n1ost n1oving? Why?

11 I-l ave you ever he lped a st ranger, or been helped by a s trange r?

'vVl1at h.appene<l ?
4 SPEAKING 5 READING & LISTENING
a Read the q uestions and think about your ans,vers. a Think of son1e very successfu l people, e.g. business
l Look at some quotes about luck. Do you think they
people, n1usicians, sports stars. VVh ich of these th rec
are true? things do you think '~' as probably n1ost in1portant in
rnaking thern successful: a) ta lent b) hard \VOrk c) luck?

b Read the article A question of luck? about a book by

'The more Malcoln1 Gladvvell, and ans\ver the questions.

I practise, 1 \.\!hat t hree fac tors docs he think being successful

rea lly depends on?
the luckier 2 \,\l hy is it an advantage for sports players to be born in
I get.' the first 111onths of t he year in son1e countries;>
'
Gary Player, golf player 3 \,\!hat is the 10,000 hours theory?
c 15 6 l)) No'~' listen to t\VO other exan1ples G lad\vell
•
'You've got rnentions, The Beatles and Bill Gates. \Vhat two n1ain
to think lucky. reasons does he give for their extraordinary success?
If you fall into a
lake, check your back
pocket - you might
have caught
a fish.'
Darrell Royal,
American football
coach
'Remember
that sometimes
not getting what
you want is a
wonderful str~7~ d Listen again and ans\ver the questions.
of luck.' _}
The 14th Dalai Lama, \\
THE BEATLES
religious leader 1 \Vhere did they play and bet\veen \Vhich years?
2 \Vhcre did the club owner usually get bands fron1?
'If you have 3 Ho\v n1uch did they have to play?
two fr:ile nds in. your 4 How many tin1es had they performed live by 1964?
lifetime, you are lucky.
Bill GATES
If you have one good 5 \Vhen did his school start a corn puter club?
friend, you are more 6 \Vhy \Vas this unusual?
than lucky.' 7 \Vhat did he and his friends do at \veekends?
Susan Hinton, writer 8 Ho\v n1any hou rs did he spend at the con1puter club
every \Veek?
e \~! hat do you think? Answer these questions \Vith a
partner.
2 Do you consider yourself in general to be a lucky 1 Do you agree that luck and practice are just as
person? Why (not)? important as talent? Ts luck rnore in1portant than
3 Ca n you rernernber a ti rne \vhen you \Vere either very practice or the other \vay around?
lucky or very unlucky? \Vhat happened? 2 Think of sornething you are quire good at or very good
4 Do you kno\v anyone \Vho you think is particularly at. \Vere you lucky to be able to have the opportunity to
lucky or unlucky? \Vhy? start doing it;> How n1any hours do you thi nk you have
spent practising it? Do you think you have spent rnore
b fn groups of three or fou r, discuss your ans,vers. G ive
hours doing it than other people you kno\v?
as n1uch detail as possible.

m
 A questi~ 6 VOCABULARY
making adjectives and adverbs
One of these is luck, for example being
lucky ehough t o be in t he right place at
the right time.

•
hat is the question we always ask about successful
a Look at t he bold words in the sentence
above. \Vh ich is a noun and w hich is an
people? We want to know what t hey're like - what kind
adjective? Using the word luck, can you
of personalities they have, or how intelligent they niake ... ?
are, or what kind of lifestyles they have, or what special talents l a negative adjective
they might have been born with. And we assume t hat i t is those 2 a positive adverb
personal qualities that explain how that indi vi dual gets to the top 3 a negative adverb
of hi s or her profession.

But accordi ng to Malcol m Gladwell, in his book Outliers, we

b > p.163 Vocabulary Bank Word building.
Do Part 2.
are asking the wrong questions. He thinks that while talent is
obviously a factor, there are two ot her more important ones that
make a person successful. The first of these factors is luck.
7 WRITING
a R ead the rules for the sente11ce ga1ne.

The sentence game

1 You must write correct sentences with t he
exact number of words given (contractions
count as one word).
2 The sentences must make sense.
3 You must include a form of the word given
(e.g. if the word is luck, you can use lucky,
luckily, etc.).
He begins wit h the example of sports players. In recent research
done on vari ous groups of elite ice hockey players from Canada
b Work in tean1s of three or four. Play the
and t he Czech Republic, one fascinating fact came to light.
sentence ga1ne. You have five n1inutes to
In both countri es, i t was discovered that 40°/0 of the players
in the top teams were born between January and March, 30°/0
'"'rite the follov;ing sentences.
between April and June, 20°;0 between July and September, and I fortune (11 WORDS)
only 10°/0 between October and December. The explanation was 2 comfort (9 WORDS)
si mple. The school year in these countries runs from January
3 luck (7 WORDS)
to December. A boy who is ten on January 2nd will be in the
same class as one whose 10th birthday i s on December 30th . 4 care (6 WORDS)
•
I· The chances are the first boy will be bigger, stronger, and more 5 patience (12 WORDS)
coordinated. He is much more likely than the ot her boy t o be
chosen to play i n junior teams. He will then get better coaching c Your teacher \vill tell you if your sentences
than t he ot hers, and will play many more games, so will also get are correct. The team vvith the 1nost correct
more pract ice. In the beginning his advantage isn't so much that sentences is the \vin ner.
he is more talented, simply that he is older. He was lucky enough
to be born in the fi rst months of t he year. But by t he age of 13 or
14 , with the extra coaching and practice, he really will be better 8 rs g >)) SONG Karma ~
than the others, and far more likely to be successful.

The extra practice i s vital, because the second fac tor t hat
Gladwell believes is of great importance in determi ning whet her
somebody is goi ng to be successful or not is what he calls the
'10,000 hours theory'. Thi s theory, based on studies in many
different fields, says that in order to get to the very top you
need to put i n 10,000 hours of practice, whet her it is playing an
i nstr ument or a sport, or programming a computer.

Adapted from a British newspaper

 G quantifiers
- --
V electronic devices, phrasal verbs You look a bit
P ough and augh, linking stressed! Yes, I have
too much work
and not enough
time to do it.

1 GRAMMAR quantifiers 2 PRONUNCIATION ough and augh

a Look ar the illustration. Ho,.v rnany
electronic devices can you sec? Which ones
p ough and augh
Be careful with the letters ough and augh. They can have different
do you have? \Vhat do you use them for? pronunciations.
Try to remember how to pronounce the most common words which
b Circle the correct phrase in 1- 6. have this combination of letters, e.g. although.
1 I used to have a lot off lol ofdi fferent
gadgets, but no'v I use n1y phone for alrnost a \Vrite the \vords in rhe list in the correct colu111n.
everything. although bought brought caught cough daughter
2 I'd like to buy a better computer, but I don't enough laugh thought t hrough tough
have e11ou8h 111011e)1 f 111011e)' e110118h at the
n10111ent.
3 I spend too 1nuclt { too niall)' ti1ne every day u ·~·
~~·
on line. -
4 l only have a Ii rt le / a fe1v fri end s on
Facebook, and 110 / none of rhetn are clo e
fri ends.
5 I never \Vatch TV or fil1ns o n n1y phone
because the screen isn't e11011ali bi[J /
bi[J ellOll[Jfz .
6 11ikc Apple products because of t heir
b 5 14 >)) Listen and check. \Vh ich is the n10St con1mon sound?
design. bur I think they are too/ too 11111clt
Wh ich fo ur \vords finish \vith the sound /f/?
expensive.
c > p .149 Grammar Bank 98. Learn n1ore c 5 15 >)) Listen to sentences 1-5 and practi e saying rhcm.
about quanti fiers and practise then1. I I thoughL I'd brought enough 1n oney \Vith n1 e.
2 My daughter's caught a bad cold.
d Talk ro a partner. Are the seniences in b true
3 I bought it although it \Vas very expensive.
fo r you? Say \vhy (not).
4 \Ve've been t h rough some rough tirn.es.
S I did n't laugh! It \Vas a cough.
 you t ype the \vords 'info rmat ion overload' into Google, you \V i ii ~
If i mmediately get an info rrnat io n overload - mo re than 7 mi llion 11t
in 0.05 seconds. Some of thi s info rmat io n is interesting - for example.
you lea rn tha t the phrase 'info rmation overload' was fi rst used in 1970.
actually before the int ernet \Vas invented. But much of the information
is not relevant or useful: obscu re companies and even more obscure
5lo_ggers.

Information overload is one or the biggest irritations in modern life.

There are ne\vS and sports \vebsites to \Vatch. emails that need to be
ans\vered. people who wan t to cha t to you on line. and back in t he real
world. friends. fam ily. and colleagues who also have things to tell you.
At work, in fo rmati on overload is also causing proble1ns. A recent IS:1.J r~e~
has sho,v n that ma ny compan y 1n anagers believe that it has 1n ade t heir
jo bs less satisfying, and has even affected t heir persona l relat io nships
outside \VOrk. Some of them also t hink that it is bad fo r their health.

Clearly there is a problem. It is not only the increase in t he quantity

of information. it is also the fact that it is everywhere. not just in the
home and in the workplace. Many people today do not go any\vhere
3 READING & SPEAKING \Vithout their sma rtphones. There is no escape from the internet.

a Loo k at the title of the article. 'vVhat do you

think it 1neans? R ead the f irst paragraph to
ch eck.

b Now read the \vl1ole article. Choose a, b, or c.

I M any of t he m anagers surveyed think t har
as a result o f i nforn1arion overload .
a t hey have t o ' vork harder
b they enjoy t heir jobs less
c they ar c i ll more ofren
2 Scientists think rhar in forn1atio n overload
n1akes people
a nio rc anx ious b ur n1ore produc tive
b n1ore pro ductive bur less cr eative Scientists have h ighl ighted three big worri es Firstly, informatio n
overload can make people feel anxious: there is too 1nuch to do and
c n1ore stressed and less c reative
not enough time to do it. People end up multitasl<:jn . \vhich can make
3 One olurio n ro info r n1at ion overload them even more stressed. Secondly, information overload can make
\Vould be for people to spend le t in1e people less creative. Research shows that people are more likely to
a searching for info rmat ion be creative if they are allo\ved to focus on one thing for some time.
b u i ng t he i nternct wi thout interruptions. Thi rdly, information overload ca n make people
less productive People who multitask take much lo nger and make
c talk ing on the phone
ma ny more mista kes t han people who do the same t asks o ne after
c R ead the article again and \.vork o ut the another.
111eaning o f t he higlilighred \Vords and phrases
\\/hat can be done about information overload? One solution is
r el ated to the internet and t echno logy. technologica l: there is no\~' a computer program or app you can install
called Freedom. which disconnects you from the \veb at preset times
d D o you u ffer f r o m info rn1 atio n overl oad
The second solution involves \Villpower 6.filt'cruill your mobile phone
in your O\Vn Ii fe? Talk t o you r pa r tncr abo ut
and the internet from time to time. The manager of an IT company puts
ho \v in for 111atio n overload af fect d i f fer ent 'thinking time· into his Schedule. \VhCn all his electrQ.llli: ae.v jces are
parts of your Ii f e. S\vitched o ff so that he isn't d isturbed. This might sound like common
sense. But no\vadays. alth ough \Ve have more information than ever
your work your st udies
before. \Ve do not ahvays have enough common sense.
your social lif e your family li fe
Adapted from a news website
 4 VOCABULARY & PRONUNCIATION electronic devices, phrasal verbs, linking

• •

a M atch the \.Vords and pictures.

jID Separable phrasal verbs
0 a mouse [_ a memory stick D a socket Remember t hat many phrasal verbs are
0 a speaker C a plug [II a switch separable, i.e. the object can go bet ween t he
verb and particle (Switch t he TV on.) or after
[ ' a USB cable D a remote control D
,---,
an adaptor t he particle (Switch on the TV.).
0 a keyboard L a screen __. headphones However, if the object is a pronoun, it must go
between the verb and particle, e.g. Switch it
b 5 16 >)) Listen and check. Then rest each other. on. NOT Switch orrit.

A What's ~ ~(words covered) It's a keyboard.

f Ans,ver t he questions \Vith a partner.
c Match the sentences. Give reasons for you r answers.

l 0 l cha nged t he heating fron1 20° to 18°. A I switchecljl_,off 1 1-Ici'v 1nany devices do you have \Vith
2 0 l discon nected n1y iPod fron1 rhe con1purer. B J s witchecljtpn . screens? \Vhich one do you use the n1ost?
3 [ ' l niade rhe Yolu1ne on the ·rv louder. C J t u r necljvto\.vn . 2 Do you prefer to use a keyboard \Vith or
,--..
4 I pressed the 'off' button on the T\l. D I t u rnecljlJ.lp . \Vithout a mouse?
r--

5 ~ I progra1n 1ned the alarn1on111y phone. E I p lu ggecl_jtjn . 3 Do you normally listen to music \Vith
r--
6 L I put niy phone charger inro a socker. F J u np lu ggecl_jr. headphones or \Vith speakers?
7 [] I pressed the 'on' button on n1y laptop. G J setjt fo r 7.30. 4 Ho\v 1nany remote controls do you have?
Do you Lhi n k you have too n1any?
d 5 171)) Listen and check.
5 How n1any pins do plugs in your coun try
c 5 18 1)) Listen and repeat A- G. T ry to link t he words . No\.v cover have? Do you need a travel adaptor if you
J\- G and look at sentences 1- 7. Say A-G from 1ncn1ory. go abroad?
6 Jn your hou e do you usually agree about
\Vhat the ten1perarure should be. or i
son1conc ahvays turning rhe heating or
air conditioning up and do\vn ?

• •
5 LISTENING & SPEAKING
• • .. .
a Look at the book cover and the book rev it:\v
in forn1ation. vVhar do you rhink the book is about?
HO\V do you th ink the three teenagers fee l?

The wise and hilarious story of a family who

discovered that having fewer tools to communicate
with actually led them to communicate more.
hen Susan Maushart first an.n~ unced her intention
W to pul l the plug on her family s entire collect ion
of electronic gadgets for six months her three kids didn't
react at all. Says Maushart, 'Looking back, I can understand
wby. They didn't hear m e.'

• The tit le is a play on word s. Shakespeare's play Richard Ill opens

with the famous phrase 'Now is the winter of our discontent...'

b 5 19 >)) Listen to Part 1 of a radio brea kfast sho\v

\vhcre the guest arc discussi11g the book. Ans\ver
questions 1- 6.
1 \Vhy did Susan Maushart decide to do the experimcnr?
2 \Vas it just her chi ldren \vho vverc spending too n1uch
ti int: using technology?
3 Vv'ho are 'd igi tal in11nigrants' and 'digita l natives'?
4 \Vhat gadgets did Susan Maushart's fan1ily have to
s'vitch off? \\' here?
S \\!hat ,,·ere they allo,,·ed to use?
'
6 I lo\v did she get the children to agree to the
experin1ent?
c 5 20 ))) Listen ro P a rt
2 . In general, \vas tht:
experi 1nent positive or negative? Why?

d Listen again and complete the sentences in your 0\\'11 f D iscuss the questions \Vith a partner.
\VOrds.
1 Have you ever had to live without the internet for
1 At the beginn ing the children con1plainec.l that. ..
a few days or more, e.g. when you were on holiday
2 Later they sta rted to ... somewhere? Did you miss it a lot? Why (not)?
3 Her son started to ... 2 Do you think Susan Maushart's experiment was a
4 Their n1other found it difficult to ... good idea? Why (not)?
5 Another negative thing \\·as rhar. .. 3 If you had to do the experiment , what do you
6 "fhey no\v have ne'v house rules, for example ... think you would miss the most? Why?
e 5 21 l)) No\v listen to Part 3 . What does each guest
say he / she \VOu Id m iss most if they had to do the
ex peri menr?
p Useful language
The thing I'd miss most is ...
I can't live without it because...
1 Sally I need I use it (for)...
I'm addic ted to it...
I depend on it (fo r)...
2 Andrew

3 Jenny
6 WRITING
4 Nick > p.120 Writing A magazine article - advantages and
disadvantages. \.Vrite an article about the advantages
and disadvantages of smart phones.