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Biology Poster

The document compares and contrasts vascular and non-vascular plants. Vascular plants have transport systems like xylem and phloem to carry water and nutrients throughout the plant, whereas non-vascular plants are smaller and rely on diffusion. It then describes the structure and functions of plant cells, including leaves that produce food via photosynthesis, xylem that transports water and minerals from roots upward, and phloem that transports food from leaves to other plant parts. Finally, it explains how water travels from roots to leaves through transpiration and the xylem transport system.

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Menara Rathnayake
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120 views5 pages

Biology Poster

The document compares and contrasts vascular and non-vascular plants. Vascular plants have transport systems like xylem and phloem to carry water and nutrients throughout the plant, whereas non-vascular plants are smaller and rely on diffusion. It then describes the structure and functions of plant cells, including leaves that produce food via photosynthesis, xylem that transports water and minerals from roots upward, and phloem that transports food from leaves to other plant parts. Finally, it explains how water travels from roots to leaves through transpiration and the xylem transport system.

Uploaded by

Menara Rathnayake
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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• Explain vascular vs non-vascular plants

The main differences between vascular and nonvascular plants:


Vascular plants have vascular vessels to carry water and food to all the different parts of the plant non-vascular plants do not.
Nonvascular plants are much smaller than vascular plants.
Non-vascular plants can simply diffuse, whilst vascular plants require transport systems.
Vascular plants have roots, non-vascular plants do not have roots.

Vascular Plants Examples: Celery, Agapanthus, Pine trees


Non-Vascular Plants Examples: Moss, Liverworts, Hornworts

Describe the structure of plant cells (including in the leaves, roots, xylem and phloem)

The main function of a leaf is to produce food for the plant from photosynthesis.

The xylem in plant cells convey water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant, as well as provide support for the cell. The xylem tissue
consists of a variety of specialised water-conducting cells.

The phloem in plants is responsible for transporting food that is produced from photosynthesis from leaves to other parts of the plant.

The roots in plants have three major functions, absorbing water and minerals and transporting them in an upward direction, storing the products of
photosynthesis and keeping the plant attached to the soil.
• Describe the structure of the two plant systems we have learnt (xylem and phloem)

• Explain in detail, and with reference to transport across the plasma membrane, how water travels from the roots to the leaves via transpiration)

Xylem:

Transpiration is the evaporation of water from leaves, driven by the heat energy produced from the sun.

The evaporation in leaves causes water to be sucked up the xylem vessels in the stems and roots. The water is replaced by more water from the soil,
absorbed into the root cells via osmosis.
The continuous upward flow of water is the constant transpiration stream, which occurs as water keeps evaporating from the leaves.

Water is absorbed by the roots of the plant, and water flows in an upward direction through cohesion and adhesion up the xylem vessels, to the stem.
Water then leaves the xylem and is then evaporated as stomas in the leaf open to all gas exchange for photosynthesis.

Phloem:
Describe the structure of the two plant systems we have learnt (xylem and phloem)

The xylem and the phloem are two significant transport systems found in cells that assist the plant in its daily processes.

Xylem

The xylem tubes carry water and nutrients from the roots of the plant up to the leaves
The flow of the water through the xylem is unidirectional

The xylem is composed of hollow dead cells

Xylem tissue is composed of tubes of cells called tracheids. The cell walls of tracheids and vessels contains a substance called lignin which makes the cells
impermeable to water and assist with the structure of these cells.

The tracheids cells have pits that allow water to travel through and the end walls of vessels are broken down to form a continuous hollow tube.

The water flowing through the vessels occur due to the process of cohesion and adhesion. The water is pulled up the stem o the leave due to the strong
attraction between the water molecules. Adhesion is the attraction of the water molecules to the stem of the leaf and therefore allows the water to move
up the stem.

Phloem

The phloem tubes carry sugars produced in the leaves through photosynthesis to the rest of the plant.

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