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CONSTRUCTION HSE PLAN

Issued For
0 22-SEP-2019 Review/Approval Liu xiaopeng Guo ruijie Du xiao

Rev： Date Description Originator Checked By Approved By

Duqm Refinery & Petrochemical

Industries Company

Tecnicas Reunidas & Daewoo E&C

DOCUMENT NO： REV：

PROJECT NO：

10121 DRP001-PUC-ELE-PLN-000-0003 0
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INDEX
1. PURPOSE.......................................................................................................................................................... 11

2. INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT...................................................................................................................11

3. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS..........................................................................................................................11

4. ABBREVIATION..............................................................................................................................................12

5. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS..........................................................................................................................12

6. POLICY STATEMENT AND OBJECTIVE...................................................................................................13

6.1. POLICY STATEMENT...............................................................................................................................13

6.2. OBJECTIVE AND GOALS.........................................................................................................................14

7. HSSE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM...................................................................................................................15

7.1. ORGANIZATION CHART.........................................................................................................................15

7.2. KEY PERSONNEL.....................................................................................................................................15
7.3. HSSE RESPONSIBILITIES........................................................................................................................17
7.3.1. Project Director.............................................................................................................................................................17
7.3.2. Project Manager............................................................................................................................................................17
7.3.3. Site Manager.................................................................................................................................................................17
7.3.4. Construction Managers:................................................................................................................................................17
7.3.5. Site HSSE Manager......................................................................................................................................................18
7.3.6. HSE Superintendent:.....................................................................................................................................................20
7.3.7. HSSE supervisor:..........................................................................................................................................................20
7.3.8. Environmental Engineer&Supervisor:..........................................................................................................................21
7.3.9. Engineers/Supervisor/Foreman:....................................................................................................................................22
7.3.10. Hse Team:....................................................................................................................................................................22
7.3.11. Workers:......................................................................................................................................................................22

8. VIOLATION OR FAILURE OF SITE RULES..............................................................................................23

9. INDUCTION AND TRAINING.......................................................................................................................24

9.1. INDUCTION...............................................................................................................................................24
9.2. TRAINING..................................................................................................................................................25
9.2.1. Supervisor HSE Training..............................................................................................................................................26
9.2.2. POP Training.................................................................................................................................................................26
9.3. VISITORS AND VENDORS HSE BRIEFING...........................................................................................26
9.4. COMPETENCE ASSURANCE PROGRAM..............................................................................................26

10. SAFETY MEETINGS.....................................................................................................................................27

10.1. Monthly Safety Meeting............................................................................................................................27

10.2. Daily/weekly HSE Meeting.......................................................................................................................28
10.3. Weekly Progress Meeting...........................................................................................................................28
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10.4. Contractor Coordination Meeting..............................................................................................................28

10.5. Special HSE Meeting.................................................................................................................................29
10.6. HSE/Contraction Meeting..........................................................................................................................29
10.7. Walk Through............................................................................................................................................29
10.8. HSE Toolbox Talks....................................................................................................................................29
10.8.1. DAILY TOOLBOX TALK..........................................................................................................................................30
10.8.2. WEEKLY TOOLBOX TALK.....................................................................................................................................30
10.9. Record Keeping.........................................................................................................................................31
10.10. Safety Rules Enforcement Procedures.....................................................................................................31
10.11. Safety Promotion Program.......................................................................................................................31

11. SAFETY INSPECTIONS................................................................................................................................32

11.1. Safety Audit...............................................................................................................................................32

11.2. Unsafe Acts Or Conditions.........................................................................................................................34
11.3. Monitoring And Auditing Arrangements....................................................................................................34
11.4. Management Safety Survey.......................................................................................................................34
11.5. Daily Safety Inspection/Audit....................................................................................................................35
11.6. Weekly Safety Inspections/Audit...............................................................................................................35
11.7. Records...................................................................................................................................................... 35

12. INCIDENT – ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION..............................................................................................35

12.1. RECORDABLE INCIDENTS...................................................................................................................35

12.2. NON-RECORDABLE OCCUPATIONAL INJURY..................................................................................36
12.3. Accident Are Not Happened But They Are Caused By:.............................................................................37
12.4. Definition Of Accident...............................................................................................................................38
12.5. Non Work Related Accidents.....................................................................................................................38
12.5.1. Causes Of Accidents...................................................................................................................................................38
12.5.2. Unsafe – Acts..............................................................................................................................................................38
12.5.3. Unsafe Conditions.......................................................................................................................................................38
Examples of unsafe conditions are;........................................................................................................................................38
12.6. Action In Case Of Traffic Accident............................................................................................................39
12.7. Off The Job Accident.................................................................................................................................39
12.8. Accidents To Sub-Contractor’S Personnel.................................................................................................39
12.9. Accident Reporting And Investigation.......................................................................................................39
12.10. Accident Resulting In Injury....................................................................................................................40
12.11. Accident Resulting In Fatality..................................................................................................................40
12.12. Near Miss & Dangerous Occurrence........................................................................................................40

13. HSE REPORTS&RECORD REQUIREMENTS..........................................................................................41

13.1. OBSERVATIONS REGISTER...................................................................................................................41

13.2. WEEKLY / MONTHLY HSE SUMMARY REPORT................................................................................42
13.3. INCIDENT/ ACCIDENT REPORT...........................................................................................................42
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13.4. RECORDS.................................................................................................................................................42

14. WORK PERMIT SYSTEM............................................................................................................................43

15. WELFARE FACILITIES................................................................................................................................44

15.1. Sanitary Facilities......................................................................................................................................44

15.2. Washing Facilities......................................................................................................................................44
15.3. Facilities For Supplying Food And Drink, And Eating Meals....................................................................45
15.4. The Meal Area...........................................................................................................................................45
15.5. Drinking – Water........................................................................................................................................46
15.6. Facilities For Changing, Storing And Drying Clothes................................................................................46
15.7. Rest Breaks................................................................................................................................................47
15.8. Frequency Of Rest Breaks.........................................................................................................................47
15.9. Heat Stress.................................................................................................................................................47
15.10. Medical Examinations..............................................................................................................................48

16. SECURITY PLAN...........................................................................................................................................48

16.1. Substance Abuse Policy.............................................................................................................................49

16.2. Knife Policy...............................................................................................................................................49

17. TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT..........................................................................................................................49

17.1. Driving and Transportation Safety Requirements.......................................................................................50

17.1.1. Driver Safety Requirement.........................................................................................................................................50
17.1.2. Vehicle safety..............................................................................................................................................................50
17.1.3. Refueling.....................................................................................................................................................................50
17.2. Road Closure Permit..................................................................................................................................51
17.3. Training......................................................................................................................................................51
17.4. Drug and Alcohol Policy............................................................................................................................51

18. ENVIRONMENTAL PLAN............................................................................................................................51

18.1. House Keeping...........................................................................................................................................52

18.2. Waste Management....................................................................................................................................53
18.3. Specific Environment Management Plan...................................................................................................54
18.4. Waste Material Disposal Plan.....................................................................................................................54
18.5. Hazardous Waste Management Requirements............................................................................................54
18.6. Environmental Audits................................................................................................................................55

19. SMOKING POLICY.......................................................................................................................................55

20. NOISE POLLUTION......................................................................................................................................55

21. MEDICAL CENTRE AND FIRST AID TREATMENT...............................................................................56

21.1. First Aid..................................................................................................................................................... 57

21.2. Medical Staff.............................................................................................................................................58
21.3. First Aid Kits.............................................................................................................................................58
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21.4. Moving An Injured Person.........................................................................................................................58

22. FIRE PREVENTION, FIRE FIGHTING AND EMERGENCY..................................................................59

22.1. General......................................................................................................................................................59
22.2. Safety Precautions......................................................................................................................................61
22.3. Action In The Event Of Fire.......................................................................................................................62
22.4. In Case Of Electrical Fire...........................................................................................................................62
22.5. Specific Emergency Response Plan...........................................................................................................62
22.5.1. Category 0...................................................................................................................................................................62
22.5.2. Category 1...................................................................................................................................................................62
22.5.3. Category 2...................................................................................................................................................................63
22.5.4. Category 3...................................................................................................................................................................63
22.6. Definition Of A Major Incident..................................................................................................................63
22.7. Declaration Of A Major Incident................................................................................................................63
22.8. Procedures To Ensure Readiness................................................................................................................63
22.9. Organization..............................................................................................................................................64
22.10. Communication Procedures.....................................................................................................................64
22.10.1. Action To Be Taken...................................................................................................................................................65
22.10.2. Help In Emergency For Response.............................................................................................................................65
22.10.3. Emergency Response Communication.....................................................................................................................65
22.11. Emergency HSE CAMPAIGNS...............................................................................................................65
22.12. Hazardous Materials Incidents.................................................................................................................66
22.12.1. Considerations...........................................................................................................................................................66
22.12.2. Evacuation Procedures..............................................................................................................................................66
22.13. Construction Supervisors Emergency Response......................................................................................66
22.13.1. Emergency Procedure (Work Area)..........................................................................................................................66
22.13.2. Never Clock In For Anyone......................................................................................................................................67
22.14. Toxic Gases..............................................................................................................................................67
22.14.1. Purpose......................................................................................................................................................................67
22.14.2. General Requirements...............................................................................................................................................67
22.14.3. Personal Protective Equipment.................................................................................................................................67
22.14.4. Additional Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).....................................................................................................67
22.14.5. Employees Training..................................................................................................................................................68
22.14.6. Monitoring................................................................................................................................................................68

23. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT.................................................................................................69

23.1. Introduction...............................................................................................................................................69
23.2. General Requirement............................................................................................................................69
23.3. Protective Clothing.................................................................................................................................70
23.4. Protective Foot Wear.............................................................................................................................70
23.5. Head Protection......................................................................................................................................70
23.6. Hand Protection......................................................................................................................................70
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23.7. Eye And Face Protection.......................................................................................................................71

23.7.1. Eye Protection.........................................................................................................................................................71
23.7.2. Face Protection.......................................................................................................................................................71
23.8. Hearing Protection.................................................................................................................................71
23.9. Safety Belts, Harnesses, Lifelines And Lanyards..............................................................................71
23.10. Safety Net.............................................................................................................................................71
23.11. Respiratory Protection.........................................................................................................................72
23.12. Emergency Shower And Eye Bath.....................................................................................................72
23.13. Hazards And Suitable Protection.......................................................................................................72
23.13.1. Visible Radiation...................................................................................................................................................72
23.13.2. Flying Particles And Other Foreign Bodies.......................................................................................................72
23.13.3. Chemical Hazards................................................................................................................................................72
23.13.4. Mechanical Hazards:............................................................................................................................................73
23.13.5. Ultra Violet Radiation:..........................................................................................................................................73

24. WORKING POSITIONS, TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT...............................................................................73

24.1. Introduction.............................................................................................................................................73
24.2. Strenuous And Heavy Physical Work..................................................................................................73
24.3. Static Loads............................................................................................................................................74
24.4. Working Postures...................................................................................................................................74
24.5. Sitting And Standing Positions..............................................................................................................74
24.6. Work In Cabins.......................................................................................................................................75
24.7. Hand Tools..............................................................................................................................................75
24.8. Selection, Use And Maintenance.........................................................................................................75
24.9. Power - Driven Machinery.....................................................................................................................76
24.9.1. Hazards....................................................................................................................................................................76
24.9.2. Safety Precautions..................................................................................................................................................76
24.10. Circular Saws.......................................................................................................................................76
24.11. Compressed Air Tools..........................................................................................................................77
24.12. Cartridge-Operated Tools....................................................................................................................77
24.13. Electrical Equipment............................................................................................................................77
24.13.1. Electric Shock........................................................................................................................................................78
24.13.2. Electrical Installations...........................................................................................................................................78
24.13.3. Portable Electrical Tools And Equipment..........................................................................................................79
24.14. Welding And Cutting............................................................................................................................79
24.14.1. Electric Arc Welding..............................................................................................................................................79
24.14.2. Gas Welding..........................................................................................................................................................80
24.14.3. Fumes.....................................................................................................................................................................80
24.14.4. Liquefied Petroleum Gases.................................................................................................................................80
24.14.5. Storage...................................................................................................................................................................81
24.14.6. Handling.................................................................................................................................................................81
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25. VEHICLES...................................................................................................................................................... 82

25.1. Causes Of Accident....................................................................................................................................82

25.2. Safety Precautions......................................................................................................................................82
25.3. Overturning................................................................................................................................................83
25.4. Loading......................................................................................................................................................83

26. CRANE OPERATION AND LIFTING SAFETY.........................................................................................84

26.1. Cranes........................................................................................................................................................84
26.2. Erection......................................................................................................................................................84
26.3. Signalling...................................................................................................................................................84
26.4. Overloading...............................................................................................................................................84
26.5. Safe Load Indicators..................................................................................................................................84
26.6. Inspection And Maintenance......................................................................................................................85
26.7. Mobile Cranes............................................................................................................................................85
26.8. Tower Cranes.............................................................................................................................................86
26.9. Cranes Used In Demolition........................................................................................................................86
26.10. Lifting Appliances Used As Cranes..........................................................................................................87
26.11. Slings And Ropes.....................................................................................................................................87
26.12. Good Hoists.............................................................................................................................................87
26.12.1. Erection.....................................................................................................................................................................87
26.12.2. Operation...................................................................................................................................................................87
26.12.3. Loads.........................................................................................................................................................................87
26.12.4. Carriage Of Persons..................................................................................................................................................88
26.12.5. Testing And Examination..........................................................................................................................................88
26.12.6. Causes Of Accidents.................................................................................................................................................88
26.12.7. Safety Measures........................................................................................................................................................88
26.13. Manual Handling.....................................................................................................................................89
26.13.1. Lifting And Carrying.................................................................................................................................................89
26.13.2. Lifting Technique......................................................................................................................................................90
26.14. LIFTING AND RIGGING SAFETY.......................................................................................................90
26.14.1. General Requirements...............................................................................................................................................90
26.14.2. Appointed Person:.....................................................................................................................................................90
26.14.3. Strength And Stability...............................................................................................................................................92
26.14.4. Training.....................................................................................................................................................................93
26.14.5. Lifting Equipment.....................................................................................................................................................93

27. MATERIAL STORAGE.................................................................................................................................95

28. CHEMICAL AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES.......................................................................................96

28.1. Introduction...............................................................................................................................................96
28.2. Chemicals And Their Risks........................................................................................................................96
28.2.1. Entry Into The Body....................................................................................................................................................96
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28.2.2. Inhalation Or Breathing In..........................................................................................................................................97

28.2.3. Ingestion Or Swallowing............................................................................................................................................97
28.2.4. Absorption Through The Skin.....................................................................................................................................97
28.3. Preventive Measures..................................................................................................................................97
28.4. Highly Flammable Chemicals....................................................................................................................98
28.5. Hazardous Substances................................................................................................................................99
28.5.1. Cement........................................................................................................................................................................99
28.5.2. Lead.............................................................................................................................................................................99

29. SIGNS AND BARRICADES........................................................................................................................100

30. EXCAVATION...............................................................................................................................................100

30.1. Introduction.............................................................................................................................................100
30.2. Causes Of Accidents................................................................................................................................101
30.3. Safety Precautions....................................................................................................................................101

31. UNDERGROUND PIPING INSTALLATION............................................................................................102

31.1. Installation Of Underground Pipe............................................................................................................102

31.2. Accident Prevention Safety Procedures....................................................................................................103

32. BACKFILLING.............................................................................................................................................104

32.1. Backfilling And Removal Of Excess Soil................................................................................................104

32.2. Quality Checks For Backfilling................................................................................................................104

33. CONCRETE, FORMWORK AND MASONRY WORKS.........................................................................104

34. SCAFFOLDING............................................................................................................................................105

34.1. Introduction.............................................................................................................................................105
34.2. Independent Tied Scaffolds......................................................................................................................105
34.2.1. Ties............................................................................................................................................................................106
34.2.2. Working Platforms And Gangways...........................................................................................................................106
34.2.3. Guard-Rails And Tow Boards...................................................................................................................................107
34.2.4. Single Pole Or Putlog Scaffolds................................................................................................................................107
34.3. Tower Scaffolds.......................................................................................................................................108
34.3.1. Causes Of Accidents.................................................................................................................................................108
34.3.2. Height Limitations....................................................................................................................................................109
34.3.3. Structure....................................................................................................................................................................109
34.3.4. The Working Platform...............................................................................................................................................109
34.3.5. Movement.................................................................................................................................................................109
34.4. Trestle Scaffolds.......................................................................................................................................110
34.5. Suspended Scaffolds................................................................................................................................110
34.5.1. Access To The Scaffold.............................................................................................................................................111
34.5.2. Suspension Ropes......................................................................................................................................................111
34.5.3. The Platform..............................................................................................................................................................111
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34.5.4. Erection And Training...............................................................................................................................................111

35. LADDERS...................................................................................................................................................... 111

35.1. Limitations...............................................................................................................................................111
35.2. Secure Your Ladder..................................................................................................................................112
35.3. Safe Use Of Ladders................................................................................................................................112
35.4. Care Of Ladders.......................................................................................................................................113
35.5. Stepladders...............................................................................................................................................114

36. WORK AT HEIGHTS...................................................................................................................................114

36.1. Safety Procedures.....................................................................................................................................114

37. HOT WORKS................................................................................................................................................115

38. CONFINED SPACE......................................................................................................................................115

39. PIPING WORKS...........................................................................................................................................116

39.1. Welding And Cutting................................................................................................................................116

39.2. Temporary Pipe Support...........................................................................................................................117
39.3. Test Procedure..........................................................................................................................................117
39.4. Pressure Washing Or Jetting.....................................................................................................................118
39.5. Pre-Commissioning..................................................................................................................................118

40. STEEL STRUCTURE ERECTION.............................................................................................................119

41. RADIOGRAPHIC WORKS.........................................................................................................................119

42. ELECTRICAL WORKS...............................................................................................................................120

42.1. Introduction.............................................................................................................................................120
42.2. How Shocks Occur..................................................................................................................................121
42.2.1. Shock Severity..........................................................................................................................................................121
42.2.2. Electrical Hazards And Control................................................................................................................................121
42.2.3. Exposed Electrical Parts............................................................................................................................................122
42.2.4. Overhead Power Line Hazards.................................................................................................................................122
42.2.5. Inadequate Wiring.....................................................................................................................................................122
42.2.6. Damaged Tools - Defective Insulation Hazards........................................................................................................122
42.2.7. Improper Grounding.................................................................................................................................................123
42.3. Grounding Requirements.........................................................................................................................123
42.3.1. Install Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCI).....................................................................................................124
42.4. Overload Hazards....................................................................................................................................124
42.5. Emergency System Requirements............................................................................................................125
42.6. Cable Management..................................................................................................................................125
42.7. Improper PPE...........................................................................................................................................126

43. HAND AND POWER TOOLS.....................................................................................................................126

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43.1. Portable or Power Tools...........................................................................................................................126

43.2. Portable Appliance Test (PAT).................................................................................................................126
43.3. Grinder Safety..........................................................................................................................................127
43.4. Powder Actuated Tools............................................................................................................................127

44. TEMPORARY PIPE SUPPORT..................................................................................................................127

45. PRE-COMMISSIONG, COMMISSIONING AND START UP.................................................................127

45.1. Test Procedure..........................................................................................................................................129

45.2. Pressure Washing or Jetting.....................................................................................................................129

46. HOUSEKEEPING AND DUST MANAGEMENT.....................................................................................129

47. LOCK OUT AND TAG OUT SYSTEM.......................................................................................................130

48. RISKS MANAGEMENT..............................................................................................................................131

48.1. HAZID.....................................................................................................................................................131
48.2. RISK IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT (RI&A)........................................................................132
48.3. JOB SAFETY ANAYLYSIS AND METHOD STATEMENT..................................................................132

49. HEAVY EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS.......................................................................................................133

50. EQUIPMENT INSPECTION PROGRAM.................................................................................................134

51. CAMP MANAGEMENT PLAN...................................................................................................................135

51.1. Accommodation camp..............................................................................................................................135

51.2. Pest control..............................................................................................................................................136
51.3. Vaccination and health advice..................................................................................................................137

52. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH........................................................................................................................137

52.1. FATIGUE MANAGEMENT....................................................................................................................137

52.2. Office safety.............................................................................................................................................137
52.3. Desert Snakes and Scorpions...................................................................................................................137
52.4. Manual handling......................................................................................................................................139

53. EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND EVACUATION PROCEDURE...........................................................139

54. DISCIPLINARY ACTIONS & HSE FAILURES NOTIFICATIONS.......................................................140

54.1. HSE FAILURES NOTIFICATIONS TO SUBCONTRACTORS............................................................140

54.2. DISCIPLINARY ACTIONS TO EMPLOYEES......................................................................................141
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1. PURPOSE
The purpose of this plan is to define the Health, Safety, Security and Environmental (HSSE)
requirements for all personnel involved in construction of the DUQM Refinery Project. It defines
a series of management system and procedures on the basis of DUQM EPC1 project, which
include security, traffic, site safety working rules, waste management etc, to ensure all employee
involved, shall compliance to TRD HSE rules, policies and procedures, COMPANY HSE
procedures, applicable OMANI National, local laws, International standards and Subsequent
updates/revisions

2. INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT
COMPANY: Duqm Refinery & Petrochemical Industries Company
CONTRACTOR: Técnicas Reunidas Daewoo LLC
SUB-CONTRACTOR: China Eleventh Chemical Construction Co.ltd.
SUB-CONTRACTOR No.: 10121-25302 Dated 27 August 2019
Project Period: August 2019 - July 2021
The Project is a Greenfield Oil Refinery at Duqm on the Arabian Sea coast of Oman,
approximately 600km south of Muscat.
The refinery is a Hydrocracker / Coker based refinery and is configured to primarily meet the
growing Asian and Middle East demand for fuel products, meeting Euro V and similar
International Standards. Crude oil, liquid products (refrigerated LPG, naphtha, Jet A-1 and diesel)
and solid products (sulphur pellets and coke) will be imported/exported at the adjacent Port of
Duqm.
The Refinery will be supplied with crude oil via a pipeline from the Ras Markaz Oil Terminal (by
others).Products will be exported via pipelines to the Port of Duqm where they will be stored and
then loaded onto ships by Duqm Petroleum Terminal Company (DPTC). The solid products of
pet-coke and sulphur will be transported by trucks to DPTC. Natural Gas will be supplied via a
pipeline (by others) to feed the Hydrogen Production unit and supplement the refinery fuel gas
system. Electrical power and desalinated water will be imported across the Refinery fence from
Centralised Utility Company (CUC). The Refinery’s Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) will
discharge to common outfall facilities (by others).
The overall scope of the Duqm Refinery Project is described by two FEED Packages (EPC
Package 1 Process Units, EPC Package 2 Utilities and Offsites).A part of EPC Package 1 is
constructed by ELECO.

3. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
DRP001-PUC-PRO-Z-000-010 CONSTRUCTION HSE PLAN
DRP001-PUC-PRO-Z-000-011 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN
CONSTRUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
DRP001-PUC-PRO-Z-000-012
PLAN
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DRP001-PUC-PRO-Z-000-013 CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN

DRP001-PUC-PRO-Z-000-014 SITE SECURITY PLAN
DRP001-PUC-PRO-Z-000-016 SPILL PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PLAN
HSE TRAINING AND COMPETENCE ASSURANCE
DRP001-PUC-PRO-Z-000-017
PLAN
CULTURAL HERITAGE AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL
DRP001-PUC-PRO-Z-000-018
MANAGEMENT PLAN
DRP001-PUC-PRO-Z-000-057 ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN
DRP001-PUC-PRO-Z-000-058 COMMUNITY HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN
DRP001-PUC-PRO-Z-000-061 TEST WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
DRP001-PUC-PRO-Z-000-062 POLLUTION PREVENTION MANAGEMENT PLAN
DRP001-PUC-PRO-Z-000-067 SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
DRP001-PUC-PRO-Z-000-068 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT PLAN
DRP001-PUC-PRO-Z-000-070 CONSTRUCTION WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
DRP001-PUC-PRO-Z-000-071 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PLAN (OUTSIDE FENCE)

4. ABBREVIATION
DRPIC Duqm Refinery & Petrochemical Industries Company
TRD Técnicas Reunidas Daewoo LLC
ALARP As Low as Reasonably Practical
CEMP Construction Environmental Management Plan
COSHH Control of Substances Hazardous to Health
ERP Emergency Response Plan
HSE Health, Safety and Environment
JSA Job Safety Analysis
MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet
MS Method Statement
OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration, USA
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
SIMOPS Simultaneous Operations

5. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

Safety - The absence of risk of serious personal injury.
Health - The absence of disease or ill-health.
Environmental Protection - The prevention of damage to the air, land, water and living creatures
in the wider environment.
Accident - An unplanned, unwanted event which leads to injury, damage or loss.
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Near Miss - An unplanned, unwanted event that had the potential to lead to injury, damage or loss.
Dangerous Occurrence - A specified event that has to be reported to the relevant authority by
statute law.
Hazard - Something with the potential to cause harm.
Risk - The like hood that a hazard will cause harm in combination with the severity of injury,
damage or loss that might occur.
HSSE policy - Statement by the organization of its intentions and principles in relation to its
overall HSSE performance which provides a framework for action and for the setting of its
objectives and targets.
HSSE Management - The part of the overall management system that includes organizational
structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources for
developing, implementing, achieving, reviewing and maintaining the HSSE policy.
HSSE Inspection - A routine evaluation of the HSSE conditions.
Continual Improvement - Process of enhancing the HSSE management system, to achieve
improvements in overall Occupational Health, Safety and Environmental performances, in line
with the organization’s HSSE policy.
Risk Assessment - A formalized process of identifying hazards, evaluating risk and then either
eliminating or controlling that risk to an acceptable level.
PTW - Permit to work, a formal, documented safety procedure, forming part of a safe system of
work, which ensures that all necessary actions are taken before, during and after particularly high
risk work.

6. POLICY STATEMENT AND OBJECTIVE

6.1. POLICY STATEMENT
It is the policy of ELECO to execute all of our activities in such a manner that will
ensure the Health, Safety, Security and Environmental protection of all our
employees, clients, subcontractors, suppliers etc on DUQM EPC1 Package3 Project.

ELECO will protect all the project members and other people in the area in terms of
safety, environment and health by adherence to project HSSE management system
that is continuously improved, and accomplishes projects timely and safely and in
high quality by creating safe work environment, providing necessary resources and
improving construction technology and refining process management and regular
inspection/ control/ improve.

ELECO will abide by related national and international laws, rules and regulations
and industrial standards, and carry out construction activities within the limit of
HSSE laws and rules.

All the members of ELECO have responsibilities for HSSE management work, and
we will raise their HSSE management awareness and competence by means of
scientific and effective training programs.

ELECO ensure that all employees must attend the duty related safety trainings, and
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those who are disqualified shall not be allowed to perform the duty rejected.

ELECO will provide necessary manpower, materials and financial resources to

improve work conditions and environment for our employees to achieve our HSE
objectives.

ELECO believe that all incident could be prevented, and the final objectives are
zero accident, zero hazard to the health of the employees and zero damage to
ambient environment.

All employees have the Right and Obligation to STOP ANY WORK that they
believe is unsafe.

6.2. OBJECTIVE AND GOALS

The purpose of the Construction HSE Plan is to prevent occupational diseases and eliminate
incidents/ accidents and their consequences from all CONTRACTOR’S personnel,
SUBCONTRACTOR´S employees and any other person involved in Construction activities, and
preventing damage to the environment, existing facilities and surroundings.

Zero accidents or incidents are the Project Objectives. The following proposed (Golden Rules)
will help to achieve the Project Objectives:

— Stop work when deemed unsafe.

— Implement permit to work (PTW) when require.
— Implement Confined Space procedures.
— Implement electrical safety procedures.
— Implement mechanical and electrical isolation procedures.
— Know your driving responsibilities.
— Avoid Working at height where possible.
— Follow rigging and lifting procedure.
— Implement traffic management.
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7. HSSE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

7.1. ORGANIZATION CHART

Project Manager

HSE Manager

First Aid

Discipline Construction Craft General

HSE Engineer Supervisors Foreman

- Structural Foreman
HSE Trainer - Piping Work Foreman
HSE Supervisors - Equipment Foreman
Watchman (Fire, Entry) - E & I Team Foreman
Work Permit Administrator - E&I Team Foreman

7.2. KEY PERSONNEL

ELECO shall, before starting work, submit to the TRD, in writing, the name and details of the
responsible person(s) (and their substitutes) in charge of the works. Any changes must be
announced without delay. If a nominated, responsible person is recalled from the Project before
the termination of the work, his successor shall be named and a "hand-over" period allowed with
his replacement before the replacement takes place. The transition period shall be agreed with the
TRD.

All Site Managers, Site Engineers, Site supervisors and the Site Safety Representatives shall be
notified in writing by ELECO in advance of commencement of their duty on site.

LIST OF KEY PERSONNEL

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No. Name Job Title

1 Mr. Lu Haitao PROJECT DIRECTOR
2 Mr. Du Xiao PROJECT MANAGER
3 Mr. Sun Wenke SITE MANAGER
4 Mr. Yang yong CONSTRUCTION MANAGER
5 Mr. Liu Xiaopeng HSSE Deputy MANAGER
6 Mr. Song Yonghua QUALITY MANAGER
7 Mr. Du Xinjian COST CONTROL MANAGER
8 Mr. Zhang Lei E&I MANAGER
9 Mr. Shao Zhenlin Technical MANAGER
10 Mr. Li Peng Administration Manager
11 Mr. Ma Jing Material Manager

7.3. HSSE RESPONSIBILITIES

7.3.1. Project Director
The Chairman and managing director has final responsibilities for ensuring that company fulfils
its legal responsibilities, that policy objectives are achieved and effective means are in place for
the achievements of the policies concerned health, safety, welfare and environmental protection.
He will also ensure that company policies are reviewed as appropriate to secure continuous
compliance with existing policies and legal requirements. He will also ensure availability of
resource to maintain sound and efficient health and safety arrangements.

7.3.2. Project Manager

Project Manager will ensure that arrangements for the health and safety of the staff, employed in
the organization are known, maintained and reviewed whenever there is change of operation or
location. He also ensures that the policies is understood by all project managers, all mangers know
their roles and responsibilities related to Health and Safety.

Since ELECO is a principle contractor, the project manager is responsible for ensuring a system of
management to effectively control and coordinate the activities of Sub contractors.

The above are responsible to the Project Manager for ensuring the day implementation of Health
and Safety instruction on their specific areas of work.

7.3.3. Site Manager

CONTRACTOR Site Manager is responsible for ensuring that the commitment to HSE is evident
in the workplace and has overall responsibility and accountability for the effective implementation
and administration of the field HSE Management system. CONTRACTOR Site Manager shall:
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— Lead by Example” sending a message “safety is a value.”

— Promote all safe working practices and implement the Project HSE Policy, requirements
and documentation at all times.
— Emphasize and ensure the commitment of all levels of management to integrate HSE
issues as part of their work assignments and to collaborate in the success of the HSE
management system on Site.
— Ensure all HSE requirements are being complied with at any location and by all
workers.
— Provide all necessary resources to successfully implement the HSE Management system
on site.
— Assist to all required meetings; participate and collaborate in any decision making that
may be necessary to improve or take action related to the HSE management system on
Site.
7.3.4. Construction Managers:
He is the nominated person responsible for the implementation and execution of all safety related
activities for the project. He is accountable to the general manger for implementing the company’s
Health and Safety policy, encouraging and assisting in developing safety procedures and ensuring
that established rules and safe working practices are adhered to. With regards to the project
activities under their control, all project managers will ensure that necessary consideration is given
all times to the requirements of the company safety policy. His responsibilities includes:

— Understand the company safety policy and monitor the responsibility allocated to each
person
— Implementation of the safety policy among all employees.
— Safe methods of working.
— Apply the most appropriate order and method of working.
— Determine hazards which might arise from their working environment.
— Provide basic facilities at work site.
— Provide first aid fire fighting equipment.
— Carryout workplace inspection/audits and advise as and when necessary to improve
methods of working.
— Investigate accidents and recommends means of preventing recurrences
— Ensure safety training is provided and employees are attending client’s safety training.
— Check over working method and precaution with site management before work
commences.
— Set a personal example.
7.3.5. Site HSSE Manager
The Site HSE Manager monitors all HSE activities at site and reports his findings to management
through the Site Manager. The HSE Manager administers the project HSE programs as established
in this document.

ELECO Site HSE Manager will be in continuous communication and collaboration with
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CONTRACTOR HSE Manager assigned for the Project, and he will be reporting directly to the
Project Manager.

— Ensure integration of all Health, Safety and Environmental procedures and standards
into the planning and execution of the work.
— Assert overall responsibility and accountability for the technical and professional
execution and integration of the Construction HSE Plan on Site.
— Request the necessary HSE personnel to form his team according to the project needs.
— Review and approve SUBCONTRACTOR Construction HSE Plan.
— Prepare HSE orientation and HSE Training programs, in order to ensure all supervisory
personnel and employees receive adequate and appropriate HSE Training according to
their assignment.
— Ensure SUBCONTRACTOR provides evidence of the experience, training and
proficiency of employees prior to starting work on site.
— Evaluate Subcontractor´s HSE performance on site.
— Investigate methods of minimizing hazards at the workplace and promote interest in the
hazard identification and control strategies.
— Prepare and ensure that the relevant reports and statistical information is forwarded to
CONTRACTOR HSE Manager.
— Distribute to SUBCONTRACTOR standards, procedures or any other document that
may be required to organize works safely.
— Ensure that SUBCONTRACTOR is informed and aware of all Health, Safety and
Environmental requirements.
— Request the proper installation of an adequate number and type of firefighting
equipment, according to the Construction Site HSE Plan.
— Ensure risk assessments and Job Safety Analysis is carried out in order to take the
necessary measures to prevent any risks arising from the construction activities.
— Together with CONTRACTOR Construction Supervisors and SUBCONTRACTOR
HSE team, pay special attention to the specific risks of operations that have to be carried
out in hazardous areas or in presence of harmful substances.
— Establish and update the Emergency Management Plan in all construction phases.
— Ensure SUBCONTRACTORS compliance with all HSE Requirements.
— Enforce the implementation of the Field equipment inspection program from
Subcontractors.
— Participate in CONTRACTOR or COMPANY scheduled work area audits or inspections
and implement and document any required corrective action.
— In the event of an accident/ incident, prepare accident/ incident reports and
investigations, both for site and governmental bodies in conjunction with
SUBCONTRACTOR.
— Promote motivation activities to increase Health, Safety and Environmental awareness
on Site.
— Attend scheduled HSE Meetings and organize jointly with COMPANY and
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SUBCONTRACTORS the Safety Meetings required to discuss particularly important

topics on Health, Safety and Environment.
— Establish and maintain all Safety, Health and Environmental record-keeping systems.
— Prepare periodic HSE reports and Final HSE Report, ensuring their distribution in a
timely manner.
— Collaborate with the responsible to issue permits to work and have available copies of
all work permits required in order to guarantee compliance with their conditions and
regulations.
— Distribute minimum of 24 hours in advance, notices advising all interested parties of
tests that are being performed or warning them about possible new risk conditions.
— Ensure SUBCONTRACTOR understands and implements correctly the Construction
Environmental Management Plan and the Waste Management Plan on site.
7.3.6. HSE Superintendent:
Area HSE Superintendent will coordinate all safety, health and environmental activities in the area
to which they are assigned and will be in continuous communication with HSE Manager. He will
be assisted by area HSE Supervisors. The area HSE Superintendent main responsibilities for their
area of responsibility will be:

— Assist the Site HSE Manager in any duty he shall perform.

— Sign permits to work and have available copies of all work permits required in order to
guarantee compliance with their conditions and regulations.
— Daily inspect the Work Site in cooperation with ELECO HSE and supervisors.
— Identify and report on a daily basis unsafe situations and unsafe acts.
— Take immediate action to correct unsafe situations or initiate corrective measures.
— Ensure the documentation of personnel and certificates of equipment are available and
valid before entering the site.
— Maintaining all HSE related record and files associated with the projects.
— Assist in the performance of risk assessment.
— Check that the field equipment inspection program has been implemented and tags/
labels have been provided.
— Check that personal protection equipment is suitable for the use for which it is intended.
— Establish, publicize, and report the classifications of injuries most often occurring on the
Work Site, the injury rates for each craft and Sub- Contractor, and injury trends.
— Prepare and distribute HSE statistics and injury rates for evaluation.
— Advise on safety, health and environmental regulations, inspections, and activities of
government that require compliance.
— Provide HSE coordination, leadership, and HSE advice to line management and
organization of training programs requested.
— Immediately visit the site of serious injuries to view evidence, conduct investigation,
prepare a report and institute corrective action.
— Ensure workers’ welfare is maintained.
— Establish and maintain site emergency response team.
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7.3.7. HSSE supervisor:

— Assist the Site HSE Manager in any duty he shall perform.
— Identify and report on a daily basis unsafe situations and unsafe acts.
— Take immediate action to correct unsafe situations or initiate corrective measures.
— Attend SUBCONTRACTOR Kick-off Meeting
— Prepare layout for the sites and clearly indicate all underground systems such as
electrical network.
— Prepare layout that clearly indicate the arrangement of firefighting equipment.
— Ensure the documentation of personnel and certificates of equipment are available and
valid before entering the site.
— Attend periodical or special HSE meetings as required.
— Assist in the performance of risk assessment.
— Participate in CONTRACTOR or COMPANY scheduled work area audits or inspections
and implement and document required corrective actions.
— Check that the field equipment inspection program has been implemented and
tags/labels have been provided.
— Check that personal protection equipment is suitable for the use for which it is intended.
— Distribute to SUBCONTRACTOR standards, procedures or any other document that
may be required to organize works safely.
— Carry out inspections to ensure compliance with SUBCONTRACTOR Site HSE Plan,
CONTRACTOR Construction HSE Plan, COMPANY requirements and National and
local regulations.
— Support for the preparation of periodic HSE reports, ensuring their distribution in a
timely manner.
— Ensure workers’ welfare is maintained
7.3.8. Environmental Engineer&Supervisor:
A HSE Supervisor shall be assigned to assume environmental responsibilities. He shall be
responsible for ensuring adequate implementation of the Construction Environmental
Management Plan and to ensure provision of all human and material resources to fulfil the
environmental duties.

Environmental responsibilities are:

— Ensure compliance with Environmental Regulations and COMPANY and

CONTRACTOR Environmental requirements.
— To support Site Manager and Site HSE Manager on any environmental issue Arisen
during Construction works.
— Attend SUBCONTRACTOR kick-off meeting to ensure that SUBCONTRACTOR is
informed and aware of all Environmental requirements in relation to the Construction
Environmental Management Plan (CEMP)
— Supervise SUBCONTRACTOR CEMP implementation, according to the applicable
regulations.
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— Distribute to SUBCONTRACTOR those standards, procedures or any other document

that may be required to organize the CEMP.
— Prepare orientation talks and organize HSE Training programs focusing in the CEMP.
— Monitor site waste management and other environmental issues on site.
— Update the environmental applicable legislation.
— Carry out inspections to ensure compliance with the CEMP.
— Report non conformities and establish action plan and corrective actions.
— Prepare Environmental reports, ensuring their distribution in a timely manner.
— Carry out Monitoring to control environmental aspects as established in the CEMP.
7.3.9. Engineers/Supervisor/Foreman:
Organize the site so that the work is carried out to the required standard with minimum risk to
men, materials and equipment’s.

— Give precise instructions about safe working method.

— Ensure all new employees are trained on HSE orientation.
— Monitor new employees are adequately supervised at all times and comply with safety
precautions.
— Make sure that suitable PPE's are available to all workers.
— Release employees for safety training.
— Ensure machines and equipment’s are maintained in good condition.
— Report accident/incident, unsafe condition to management immediately.
— Assist management in investigating all types of accidents.
— Carry out site audits/inspections as per HSE plan
— Set a personal example.
— Give toolbox talks to employees at work sites
7.3.10. Hse Team:
He must be competent to undertake their responsibilities.

— Provide support to control of risk, including information and advice to all personal
arriving at the site locations for the first time
— Evaluate, develop, promote and support the establishment and maintenance of health,
safety and environmental system.
— Promote and support the continuing development of a culture of occupational health,
safety environmental awareness
— Present demonstration/ information and training related to occupational health, safety
and environmental issues.
— Train employees on accident prevention program.
— Monitor tool box meetings.
— Assist in carryout, risk assessment/ job safety analysis for critical activities.
— Develop the safety plan and provide relevant information to Sub Contractors/ client
representative.
— Set a personal example.
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7.3.11. Workers:
Comply with the safety policy

— Fully observe the safety rules

— Demonstrate safety behaviour- ensure that their action(s) will not jeopardise the health
and safety of others.
— Attend all required HSE training within the required timeframe.
— Carry out periodic inspections of the workplace and rectify any unsafe conditions
immediately or where necessary refer upwards to the supervisor
— Observe and correct, or report, unsafe practices and conditions
— Comply with all HSE working practices and procedures that are established, developed,
designed or implemented in the workplace.
— Comply with any instruction from CONTRACTOR or SUBCONTRACTOR HSE
personnel.
— Report to their immediate supervisor any potential workplace hazard or any mishaps,
incidents or injuries that may occur during the course of work.
— Maintain a safe place of work
— Make suggestions to improve any aspect of HSE
— Maintain an active interest in health and safety
— Comply with procedures, safety rules and regulations at all times
— Follow the project procedure if an incident occurs
— Report any physical limitations or conditions which they have which may affect their
ability to carry out their work safely
— Do not use defective equipment
— Do not misuse equipment
— Comply with substance abuse requirements and report any signs / symptoms of ill health
All personnel have the authority and obligation to stop the work if an unsafe condition exists and
ensure that immediate action is taken.

All CONTRACTOR and SUBCONTRACTORS employees must comply with COMPANY and
CONTRACTOR Safety, Health and Environmental Standards. Total commitment to safety, health
and environmental goals is a condition of employment.

8. VIOLATION OR FAILURE OF SITE RULES

Site Rule offences will be classified according to their nature, e.g. theft, dilapidation, alcohol and
drug abuse, or brawl participation, the possession of weapons, speeding & traffic violations
and ,or accidents, violating work permit conditions, discriminatory behavior, smoking in
unauthorized areas of the project, etc. All offenses will be classified in terms of seriousness.

Violation of any Site Rules may result in the immediate temporary or permanent suspension of
DRPIC SITE access of the violator(s) and/or ELECO's Manager, Supervisor by TRD
Management, also ELECO will implement punishment rule established by itself, anyone who
violate site rules, his Supervisor, Area manager, Project manager will be punished with fined and
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administration action, like repatriation. Serious violation which lead to a serious Incident or
Dangerous Occurrence, the violator also will take legal responsibilities.

ELECO shall acknowledge, and resolve without delay any Site Rule violation notices received
from TRD, and report the actions taken within 24 hours.

In the event ELECO fails to abide by the Site Rules or applicable laws, TRD reserves the right to
correct any deficiency or failure by the ELECO pursuant to the terms of the Contract.

9. INDUCTION AND TRAINING

To a large extent, the success of HSE management depends upon ensure employees are able to
recognize hazards in the work place and understand how to act to avoid the risk of injury or
damage. Each employee must be made aware of his responsibilities, the hazards of his work and
what to do in emergency situations

.In addition to the established programmed training activities, during the works progress, different
or additional training sessions shall be organized as deemed necessary.

The efficiency and effectiveness of all induction and training sessions shall be verified by means
of job skill competency testing as part of the courses personnel are taking.

The proposed training program shall ensure the following objectives are met:

— Acquaint the employee with the Work Site, the nature of the job, the hazards that he may
encounter, and the equipment and safe practices to be used to minimize accidents.
— Review the contents of HSE procedures and plans, stressing the sections applicable to
the employee and his job.
— Ensure employees understand actions to take in the event of an emergency.
— Be familiar with security arrangements.
— Awareness of the importance of HSE matters in order to ensure a safe working
environment.
— Advice of the requirements for working safely and that failure to follow the safe
practices may result in disciplinary action including dismissal.
— Provide awareness of the multiple interfaces existing in the project.
All COMPANY, CONTRACTOR & SUBCONTRACTOR personnel will be provided a Training
Passport that records the Training Course completed, the date completed & the training provider
as COMPANY, CONTRACTOR, SUBCONTRACTOR or THIRD PARTY. This passport will
provide evidence of training completed and will be routinely checked on site.

9.1. INDUCTION
It is mandatory for all construction employees to attend the CONTRACTOR HSE Induction
Session in a language which is understandable for them prior to entry to the worksite. No
employee will be permitted to work on site or allowed access to the site without first attending the
CONTRACTOR Induction Session.

As part of the induction, personnel shall complete a competency test to demonstrate their
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understanding of the induction. Personnel who fail the competency test shall take it over again in
the following scheduled induction session and the instructor shall emphasize in those aspects
which have been less understood.

An attendance sheet will be signed by employees for the record keeping of participation and
successful completion of the HSE induction session prior to entering into any assigned
construction activities.

Properly trained and certified trainers shall be available to conduct the induction session. Upon
completion of HSE Induction, each inducted Employee shall be provided with a HSE training and
competency passport which shall show his employment category and competence levels in
accordance with his certification (Certificate of competence for the job they are going to perform
at site; e.g. scaffolders, riggers, etc.).

A Safety basic booklet shall be handed over to all construction employees.

9.2. TRAINING
HSE Training and Competence Assurance Plan (DRP001-PUC-PRO-Z-000-017) shall be followed
and implemented to provide formal and informal training and awareness of employees. The extent
and nature of training shall be sufficient to ensure workers understand the risks of their activity
and work location and are able to understand COMPANY and CONTRACTOR HSE Standards
and procedures intended to protect them from harm.

ELECO shall develop their own training program detailing the training matrix and training
implementation organization and resources.

All construction employees shall be already educated and trained in all the standard HSE issues,
risks, measures to avoid incidents, safe working procedure of their competence construction
activity.

Nevertheless, ELECO Site HSE Manager, in agreement with CONTRACTOR Site HSE Manager,
shall organize regular HSE refreshing courses/sessions. Attendance of designated workers shall be
mandatory. These sessions shall be conducted by qualified personnel.

A Training matrix shall be prepared on site to determine scheduled courses and targeted
participants depending on employees competences and on-risk activities.

Site HSE Management shall define the training program based on the activities to be performed on
Site, the experience and training already received by employees and the employee’s past
performance in adhering to the correct and safe work practices. If an employee has committed an
unsafe act that employee should be assessed for further training needs.

For all training activities a written record will be kept of all participants, apart from the
corresponding competence certificate. The record will be signed by all participants. The
information of the time, place, attendance and topics discussed shall be documented and kept on
file.
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9.2.1. Supervisor HSE Training

Specific HSE Awareness training shall also be organized for CONTRACTOR and
SUBCONTRACTOR Construction Supervisors. The purpose of this training is to ensure full
understanding of the HSE requirements, participation, leadership, roles and responsibilities,
implementation of HSE plans and procedures, their role as key personnel for the successful
implementation of the HSE management system on site and their primary focus on their
accountability for the proper care of workers that they supervise.

Supervisors shall be trained to enhance communication with workers to ensure the workers
recognize hazards in their work and the workers fully understand the actions they are required to
take to avoid risk of injury.

9.2.2. POP Training

POP training shall be mandatory for all ELECO site Management, supervisors and discipline
leaders and engineers who will visit the field for supervision purpose, beginning from upper level
management and cascading to first line supervisors. There shall be an additional training for the
employee who is given the task of administering the database. Refer to the DRP001-PUC-PRO-Z-
000-022, Health and Safety Audits and Inspections Procedure.

A successful training completion certification will be given only to those who have completed all
the training courses.

Those who have completed the POP Trainings will be added into a database where tracking of
POP trained personnel is possible.

9.3. VISITORS AND VENDORS HSE BRIEFING

All visitors to the worksite shall require the approval of CONTRACTOR Site/ Construction
Manager.

All visitors and vendors shall comply with applicable rules and regulations concerning HSE,
receive a HSE briefing (refer to the HSE training and competence assurance plan DRP001-PUC-
PRO-Z-000-017) and be escorted at all times by a responsible person.

Visitors or vendors who will be on projects for more than a number of days as agreed with
CONTRACTOR Site HSE Manager, and/or who will perform work in the construction areas, are
required to attend an HSE induction.

9.4. COMPETENCE ASSURANCE PROGRAM

ELECO shall ensure that any persons performing tasks for it or on its behalf that have the
potential to cause significant health and safety risks and environmental impacts are competent on
the basis of appropriate knowledge, training (education), experience and skills.

ELECO whose work will have health and safety risks and environmental impacts shall be required
to demonstrate that they have the requisite competence and appropriate training to perform
assigned jobs.

Competence is demonstrated employee capability to perform their duties in a safe,

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environmentally sound manner and in compliance with applicable laws, regulations, and prudent
industry practices (Training, Experience, Knowledge, and Skills).

The process for selecting competent personnel shall start during recruitment and be enhanced
during the period of work in this project. Employees shall be provided with the necessary training
to be able to execute its activities in a competent and safe manner before recruitment and shall be
able to demonstrate their competence before start work on site.

For this purpose,ELECO shall provide CONTRACTOR with a list of competent person and the
required documentation and certification to prove competence of employees for the execution of
specific activities.

The Competent/ qualified person list is a list of employees, qualified by training and experience or
certificate in his case, for the execution of specific activities identified as HSE Critical Roles (see
section definition for explanation).

All required certificates proving their skills and qualifications shall be handed over by
SUBCONTRACTOR to CONTRACTOR Site Manager.

Workers will be encouraged to improve their skills and take on additional responsibilities where
they demonstrate aptitude. Competence Certificates with a probation period may be issued, but in
all cases CONTRACTOR or SUBCONTRACTOR will assign a coach who will monitor
performance, provide guidance & assess continuing certification at the end of the probation
period.

10. SAFETY MEETINGS

Safety meetings shall be conducted to review past activities, plan for new / changed activities, and
review pertinent aspects of appropriate activity hazard analyses, establish safe working procedures
for anticipated hazards and provide safety and health training and motivation. The safety meetings
shall be conducted weekly and monthly.

10.1. Monthly Safety Meeting

Monthly Safety meeting shall be conducted at respective site by Project managers for their site
staff and subcontractors. The Safety performance shall be discussed, any issues/observations shall
be highlighted.

10.2. Daily/weekly HSE Meeting

A daily safety meeting shall be held by SUBCONTRACTOR HSE Team.During this meeting all
hazardous conditions and unsafe acts detected during the inspection shall be reported and
reviewed.

Once a week this Daily Safety Meeting shall be a General Safety Meeting that will serve as
planning and coordination meeting to which CONTRACTOR and SUBCONTRACTOR Site HSE
Managers will necessarily attend. A thorough review of the main issues addressed during daily
meetings will be performed, including but not limited to the following:
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— Daily inspections results.

— Hazardous conditions and unsafe acts.
— Personal protective equipment.
— Incident/accident investigation.
— Follow-up of corrective measures.
— HSE Training programs.
— Procedure and risk analysis.
— Topics for toolbox talks.
10.3. Weekly Progress Meeting
Weekly Progress meetings at least shall be attended by CONTRACTOR Site and Construction
Manager and Construction Supervisors, CONTRACTOR Site HSE Manager,
SUBCONTRACTOR Field Representative and HSE Manager.

The Weekly Progress Meeting is an opportunity to review and follow up the progress of
Subcontractor’s work.

HSE issues shall be issued as the first item on the agenda so the following topics shall be reviewed
but not limited to:

— Daily inspection results

— Incident/accident investigation
— Follow-up of corrective measures
— Checking of HSE training activities
— Procedure and risk assessment
— Topics for toolbox meetings
— Working at interfaces planning
— Planning and scheduling of activities in order to minimize the number of
SUBCONTRACTORS working above one another at the same time.
— Environmental issues.
10.4. Contractor Coordination Meeting
Weekly internal coordination CONTRACTOR HSE Meetings at least shall be led by
CONTRACTOR Site Manager and attended by Construction Manager, HSE Manager and
Construction Supervisors.

These meetings will be held to coordinate HSE aspects and reinforce HSE awareness. Furthermore
all planning activities for the week shall be discussed.

10.5. Special HSE Meeting

In addition to regular meetings, special meetings shall be organized by CONTRACTOR for
special construction or installation operations. These meetings shall be held to address risk
assessment relevant to the operation and/or related to the potential consequence on
CONTRACTOR and COMPANY assets and to establish an appropriate HSE behaviour approach
and integration on the activity to ensure the safest conditions of work. It shall be ensure that
CONTRACTOR and SUBCONTRACTOR personnel can express their suggestions about the HSE
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application at job site.

10.6. HSE/Contraction Meeting

Weekly HSE/Construction Meeting at least shall be lead by Sub-Contractor HSE Representative
with Sub-Contractor Site Manager,Construction Manager,and HSE Manager.

This meeting will be held to coordinate HSE aspects and reinforce HSE awareness.Furthermore,all
planning activities for the week shall be discusses.

10.7. Walk Through

Sub-Contractor management team (Site Manager,Construction Manager,Construction Supervisor
and HSE Manager) make regular walk through to observe and report unsafe acts and
conditions.These observations and corrective actions are recorded and issue to the responsible
supervisor for action as well as addressed in HSE meeting.

Sub-Contractor Construction Supervisor together with Sub-Contractor HSE manager shall jointly
inspect HSE flaws visible in the working area and encourage their leadership and participation on
HSE Management concerning their working area.Result will be communicated in HSE meeting.

10.8. HSE Toolbox Talks

Toolbox talks are pre task meetings performed to inform affected employees on the risks they are
exposed and measures provided to ensure a safe working environment.

The overall objective of this information sessions or talks is to:

— Prevent and control unsafe acts and conditions

— Anticipate the professional risks and be vigilant at all times
— Increase the awareness of workers performing the job regarding prevention and
protection measures and coordination
— Improve risk management• Improve the efficiency of preventive measures
— Communicate and agree on the risks identification and measures established on the
permit to work for the activity.
Toolbox talks or pre task meetings are held by the crew at the workface to discuss and
communicate:

— Task to be done;
— Steps / procedure to complete the task
— What tools and equipment needed to complete the task;
— What can go wrong or how people can be hurt;
— What needs to be done to eliminate / mitigate the conditions / behaviours identified in
the last step.
These talks shall cover practical issues and must be participative to ensure effectiveness of these
means of communication.

Toolbox talks shall be conducted in the workforce native language to make sure is well understood
by all employees. Team talks foreseen are:
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10.8.1. DAILY TOOLBOX TALK

Daily Toolbox talks shall be carried out each morning to discuss the HSE measures associated to
the work to be performed in the area for the day. These talks should last five (5) min or more in
order to ensure the message is well understood by all crew members. The particular tasks of the
day and associated risks and measures to avoid or minimize such risks shall be clearly understood
by all crew members. These talks shall take place at the beginning of each working day or prior to
starting work and shall be held in the work area at their respective workface.

Issues for discussion during these pre start meetings shall include, but shall not be limited to the
following:

— Incident, near miss occurrences within the last 24hrs

— Activities to be undertaken during the shift/period of work about to be undertaken
— Potential hazards and Risks
— Controls for the risks and hazards identified
— Permit To Work´s in effect and conditions of use
— Designated areas of responsibility per work group
— HSE topic
— Comments, questions and feedback
10.8.2. WEEKLY TOOLBOX TALK
Weekly Toolbox Talks shall be attended by SUBCONTRACTOR employees and workers and they
will be organized and conducted by SUBCONTRACTOR foremen and crew Supervisors.

CONTRACTOR Construction Supervisors may assist to take leadership commitment but shall not
lead the meeting.

Weekly talks shall be held at a fixed time every week and shall last, approximately, fifteen (15)
minutes.

Topics discussed at this meeting will refer to care and use of PPE equipment, work permits when
necessary, to inform about the new risks/hazards due to coming activities, to inform about
accidents root causes, to make sure all employees know how to prevent and manage incidents and
to explain recommendations and lessons learnt as a result of any accidents or incidents as well as
to make sure new personnel have been properly Trained prior to starting the assigned tasks.

A special talk with entire project workforce, if any potential incident occurred or for high learning
lesson learned by project senior management.

Training activities shall be complementary to daily and weekly toolbox talks or Pre Start
Meetings.

10.9. Record Keeping

Safety meeting shall be documented which should include, date, attendance, subjects discussed
and names of the individual (s) who conducted the meeting.
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10.10. Safety Rules Enforcement Procedures

Compliance to Safety Regulations while on duty is the responsibility of every person employed.
Observation of the safety program guidelines is essential for the efficient performance of the job.

— Field Engineers, Supervisors and other management personnel are responsible for the
enforcement of the safety rules and regulations.
— Any employee in doubt as to the correct meaning and interpretation of any of the safety
rules must secure a clarification from his immediate superior.
— Comply with all known Government safety laws as well as the client safety rules and
regulations
— Be a good housekeeper; keep your tools and surroundings clean and your equipment its
proper place
10.11. Safety Promotion Program
Awareness on safety, health and environmental protection, can be enhanced among the workers
through safety promotional activities such as safety slogan contest, safety suggestion contest,
awards to best safety performers, best housekeeping areas etc. ELECO will arrange such programs
among the various category of its personnel such as technicians, supervisors etc., in a befitting
manner.

11. SAFETY INSPECTIONS

Routine work site inspections are an essential component of any preventive strategy to maintain a
safe and healthy workplace. Safety inspection shall be carried out daily and weekly.

11.1. Safety Audit

The Safety In charge/Safety Officer will carry out Safety Inspections on a regular basis. Daily
Safety concerns which include both unsafe conditions and acts to be reported to Project Manager
upon inspection The Safety inspections are to include any Subcontractors work areas and
facilities. Subcontractors shall rectify and problems noticed to the satisfaction of the ELECO
Project Manager/Safety In charge.

These audits shall include checking that the system rules and requirements are correctly applied on
site. They will be performed according to a dedicated checklist that will include, as a minimum,
the following:

FIELD EXECUTION SYSTEM&DOCUMENTION

Access Control Policy
Personal Protective Equipment Site Employees Documentation
Steel Erection, Floor and Wall Openings Hazard Communication Program
Hot Works Permit to Work
Electrical Installations Inspection
Compressors, Hoses, Compressed Air Education and Training
Tools
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Signs, Signals & Barricades Motivation

Ladders, Scaffolds and Manlift Platforms Disciplinary Actions
Fire Prevention and Protection Incident/Accident Investigation
Equipment Operations Reports
Hazardous Materials Waste management
Confined Spaces Health and Hygiene
Hand Tools
Powder Actuated Tools LOTO
Housekeeping Field Execution
Environment System And Documentation
Health & Hygiene
Temporary Facilities

ELECO Adult schedule:

No. Name Job Title

1 Mr. Du Xiao PROJECT MANAGER
2 Mr. Sun Wenke SITE MANAGER
3 Mr. Yang yong CONSTRUCTION MANAGER
4 Mr. Liu Xiaopeng HSSE Deputy MANAGER
5 Mr. Song Yonghua QUALITY MANAGER
6 Mr. Zhang Lei E&I MANAGER
7 Mr. Shao Zhenlin Technical MANAGER

A report will be written after each audit providing suitable data for identifying areas requiring
attention. In the event of any deviation, non – conformity or observation identified during the
audit they will be indicated and registered in this report.

The audit Report shall be presented to CONTRACTOR Site Management and HSE team and be
distributed to CONTRACTOR Joint Venture Leader Corporate Top Management, Project
Directorate and Site Management including Construction Supervision.

Site and HSE Management shall distribute the Audit report, observations and findings to
Construction Supervision to take leadership in their correction and monitoring.

Site and HSE Management will be in charge of distributing observations and findings to involved
Subcontractors for their correction and monitoring.

The final Audit Report will be available for COMPANY and provided upon request.
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CONTRACTOR and its SUBCONTRACTORS will fully co-operate with any other special audit
required by COMPANY and shall make available any required document or information.

11.2. Unsafe Acts Or Conditions

For any observed unsafe acts or conditions, proceed as follows:-

Advise the person(s) and their supervisor immediately and point out the hazards / danger of what
they were doing.

— If an unsafe condition either

— String Hazard Warning tape around the area and / or
— Place isolation / not to be used tag on the equipment.
— Arrange for the unsafe condition to be rectified as soon as possible by the persons
responsible and / or for the equipment to be rectified and made safe or removed from
site.
— In respect of counselling the offending / responsible persons, and taking the appropriate
action, review and consider the following points. Was the unsafe act or condition due
to:-
– Lack of knowledge
– Lack of procedures
– Lack of Training
– Lack of tools or equipment
– Inappropriate work environment
— If any of the foregoing, take appropriate action to correct the deficiency and advice the
Project
— Manager and Safety Engineer of the action taken. Ensure the action is reviewed and
discussed at the
— Tool Box Meetings and at Client Safety Meetings.
11.3. Monitoring And Auditing Arrangements.
ELECO will carry out active and reactive monitoring of the site to ensure compliance with the
HSE Management System, and applicable Work Instructions, and Project Safety Plan. Monitoring
will be through regular planned checks, inspections, auditing and management survey and by
carrying out investigations of any accidents / incidents and complaints. The audit and monitoring
programs will be consistent with the overall project management, ensuring that the system in place
are being followed by those doing the work that inspections are done systematically and regularly
and those persons delegated with specific safety and environmental responsibilities are carrying
them out. The results of the audits should be communicated to all relevant persons and corrective
action taken as and where required.

11.4. Management Safety Survey

Safety survey is carried out by ELECO Executive Management level other than HSE Engineer.
These surveys are not aimed at identifying the deviations at the minute level but to have a bird's
eye view of the site control and to display the commitment of corporate management towards
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Safety. Survey findings shall be documented and recommendations to be implemented.

11.5. Daily Safety Inspection/Audit

Daily Safety Inspections shall be carried out by first line supervisors.

11.6. Weekly Safety Inspections/Audit

Weekly safety inspections such as work permit audit, scaffolding audit & work location audit shall
be carried out by the Safety Engineer/Safety Officer.

11.7. Records
Safety inspections shall be documented. Observations of weekly safety inspections shall be
recorded in the format.

12. INCIDENT – ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION

Incident is any unintentional or unplanned event that, under slightly different circumstances, could
have resulted in personal injuries, material losses and/or damages to environment.

Accident is any unintentional or unplanned event that causes personal injuries, material losses
and/or damages to environment.

CONTRACTOR DRP001-PUC-PRO-Z-000-021, Incident Reporting, Investigation and

Classification procedure shall shall be followed. It shall be aligned with COMPANY procedure
PRO-1400-0000-002.

All Recordable and Non Recordable Incidents and Near Misses as well as High Severity Safety
Observations, will be totally investigated.

12.1. RECORDABLE INCIDENTS

Recordable Incidents (“recordable” refers to the degree of seriousness and may mean that the
accident must be notified to the Local Authority. This is within 24 hours for fatality and 48 hours
for all other injuries)

— Fatality Case (FAT):

– Lost Time Injury (LTI): means the person is unable to return to work (whether
temporarily or permanently) on the next normal work day or shift (excludes day of
accident). All LTI minimization will be predicated on a written assessment of the
injured party's return to work that considers medical condition, work duties and
fitness to return to work. In any case SUBCONTRACTOR will follow Doctors
recommendation for the classification of injuries.
– Restricted Workday Injury (RWI): means the person is able to return to work on
the next scheduled day or shift, but is unable to carry out their normal duties at the
start of the next routine work day (excludes day of accident). As mentioned above,
CONTRACTOR will implement proactive injury management to minimize LTI's,
but each RWI case will be assessed on the welfare needs of the injured person.
— Medical Treatment Injury (MTI): means the person received treatment from a
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qualified medical practitioner. Such treatment includes, but is not limited to, prescription
medication (e.g. painkillers), stitches and resuscitation. Guidance Note:
– Medical Treatment Case (MTC): all those cases that are not severe enough to be
reported as Lost Time Incidents of Restricted Work Cases but are more severe than
requiring the simple first aid treatment that can be provided by a nurse.
– First Aid Case (FAC): all those cases that are not sufficiently serious to be
reported as Medical Treatment Case or cases that are more serious but require
minor first aid treatment provided by a first aider or nurse. Medical treatment and
First Aid cases only apply where the worker returns to work at the start of his next
routine. work day."
12.2. NON-RECORDABLE OCCUPATIONAL INJURY
Non-recordable occupational injury (but must still be reported and investigated)
— First Aid Case (FAC): means the person self-treated or received treatment from another
person, including a qualified first aider. Even if the person self-treated, they must report
to the local medical facility to register the injury.
— Near Miss (NM): A near miss is an incident which had the potential to cause loss, but
did not. A significant Near Miss may be a Dangerous Occurrence. Examples of near
misses include:
– Dropped objects which did not result in injury or damage.
– Collapse, overturning or failure of load-bearing parts of cranes and lifting
equipment.
– Air hose comes lose while under pressure.
— Asset Damage (AD): Any damage which is an unintended consequence of an action or
situation and is not considered normal wear and tear.
— Motor Vehicle Accident (MVA): All MVA involving vehicles owned, leased or rented
by the Company, or an MVA where the driver was using a personal vehicle for company
business must be reported. An MVA which occurs during a normal commute to/from
work is not required to be reported. Allocation of responsibility (preventable / non-
preventable) for the Department of Transport will be determined by the on-scene police
report. An MVA is classified as recordable if the damage means the vehicle must be
removed from service for immediate repair, or is written off because the cost of repair
outweighs the value of the vehicle.
All MVA involving vehicles owned, leased or rented by the Company, or an MVA where
the driver was using a personal vehicle for company business must be reported. Traffic
accidents outside the site will be reported and investigated but will not contribute to site
HSE statistics unless they are associated with transport of men and material between
work areas controlled by the CONTRACTOR.
These limitations do not negate the need for highest priority attention to every
movement on men and material outside the site. Traffic accident risk must be
recognized across all project locations. A project related traffic accident in Oman has the
potential for high severity impacts on project staff and the Omani public.
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— Fire Incident (FI): Incipient fires cause unintentional smoke, flames or smouldering
material that generates detectable products of combustion and may cause an alarm.
Alarms include those initiated automatically or manually. A significant fire may be a
dangerous occurrence which need to be reported to the responsible authorities. All
incipient fires must be reported to CONTRACTOR and COMPANY through the
incident reporting process.
— Environmental Incident (EI): All spills, waste dumping, release of contaminated
water, etc. during construction, commissioning and start-up must be reported in
accordance with CONTRACTOR environmental incident reporting practices defined in
Incident Reporting, Investigation and Classification Procedure (DRP001-PUCPRO-Z-
000-021).
— Security: any unlawful or hostile contact affecting Company employees, contractors,
sub-contractors or assets. A significant incident of damage, sabotage or theft may be a
dangerous occurrence which needs to be reported to responsible authorities.
— Off the job injury: Any off the job injury suffered by Company employees that prevent
them from reporting for their assigned duty must be reported and recorded as non-
occupational lost time injury. This requirement does not apply to temporary and contract
personnel.
— Occupational illness: Any acute or chronic illness or ill health which might be work
related must be reported and classified according to the severity (LTI, RWI, MTI,FAC).
This also applies to classification of back conditions and any pre-existing conditions
which may have been aggravated by the work environment which results in fatality, loss
of consciousness, one or more days away from work or medical treatment. This does not
include Serious Occupational Illnesses.
12.3. Accident Are Not Happened But They Are Caused By:
Generally accidents result from the combined effect of physical circumstances, which can often be
recognized and hazards engineered out of the working system or human factors, which can be
influenced by training, instructions or supervision. The immediate aim of an accident investigation
is to obtain the most accurate and full information about the circumstances and causes of the
accidents, where as the ultimate objectives is to prevent the occurrence of similar accidents in the
future, to uncover new hazards where such exist and to devise adequate measure to eliminate
control them.

12.4. Definition Of Accident

An accident is an unplanned, uncontrolled or undesired event, in a sequence of events, caused by
unsafe acts and / or conditions, resulting in or having the potential to result in personnel injury and
/ or property damage.

12.5. Non Work Related Accidents

An accident happened during off duty hours or non-work related activities are dealt under this
case.
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12.5.1. Causes Of Accidents

Accidents are caused either by an unsafe act or an unsafe condition or by a combination of both.
Accidents are rarely caused by a dramatic failure of equipment and are mainly caused due to
human error / failure. Even an apparent failure of equipment may be due to human factor in failing
to recognize signs of impending trouble. Analysis of accidents have shown that about 98 % of
accidents are caused by such human factors as failing to take proper precautions, ignoring safety
regulations, or carrying out jobs incorrectly and all such accidents can be avoided by eliminating
human error. Only 2% of accidents are caused by natural calamities, which are also, known as non
- preventive accidents.

12.5.2. Unsafe – Acts

Examples of unsafe acts are:

— Carelessness
— Indiscipline
— Irresponsibility
— Over confidence
— Haste
— Clumsiness
— Showing off
— Horseplay
— Operating without authority
— Adopting improper methods
— Using improper tools / equipment
— Not using proper personal protective

12.5.3. Unsafe Conditions

Examples of unsafe conditions are;
— Unguarded or improperly guarded machinery
— Defective tools, equipment or material
— Faulty design or construction
— Dangerous atmosphere e.g. gaseous or dusty
— Uneven, slippery or damaged surfaces
— Improper pilling / stacking of materials
— Poorhouse keeping

12.6. Action In Case Of Traffic Accident

All accidents at the construction site involving company employees and company owned or hired
vehicles shall be reported by the concerned person to the Safety Engineer. The vehicle(s) involved
in an accident shall not be removed from site of accident unless inspected by the Safety Engineer
form client except in those circumstances where leaving the vehicle in place may create additional
hazards. Depending upon the nature of accident, it may be required to report the accident to state
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Traffic Department or Local Police Station and the same will be coordinated by the company’s
Manhood. All company owned / hired vehicles involved in any traffic accident outside the
construction site shall be reported to local police station and police report shall be obtained prior
to vehicle repair and / or replacement.

12.7. Off The Job Accident

Accidents of company personnel during off duty hours resulting in injury and lost time should be
reported to the Project Manager and Safety Engineer. Accident investigation report will not be
required.

12.8. Accidents To Sub-Contractor’S Personnel

Accidents to sub-contractor’s personnel while working for ELECO shall be dealt with as per
ELECO Company.

12.9. Accident Reporting And Investigation

An effective system of accident investigation and reporting plays an important role in improving
the overall safety performance of the organization. The objective of investigation is fact finding
and not fault finding. This does not mean that responsibility may not be fixed where personal
failure has caused the accident. It does mean that the investigation itself must be concerned only
with facts so that prevent the occurrence of similar accidents in future, to uncover new hazards
where such exist and to take adequate measures to eliminate / control them.

12.10. Accident Resulting In Injury

All accidents resulting in injury to personnel shall be investigated by the immediate supervisor and
Safety Engineer soon after the accident. Prompt investigation is very essential otherwise vital
information and evidence may be lost thus preventing correct remedial measures to be taken to
avoid recurrence. The accident report should cover the following points;

 Introduction: Personal details of the deceased, time, location and brief description of
the accident.
 Description: A concise, factual report of what was being done immediately prior to the
accident, what was happened during the accident and any relevant action taken
immediately after the accident.
 Findings: Based on relevant facts, it should be concluded as to what actually happened,
the probable cause of the accident and whether any standing rule and regulation was
violated.
 Recommendations: Measures required eliminating the possibility of recurrence of a
similar incident.
 Appendices: Work permit, photographs, statement of witness, copies of inspection
records, logbook or any relevant document. A specimen accident investigation report.
12.11. Accident Resulting In Fatality
Any accident resulting in fatality warrants a more detailed investigation as compared to an
accident resulting in injury due to subsequent legal formalities, insurance claim etc., In order to
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ensure a thorough and meaningful investigation, it is imperative to collect as much information as

possible immediately after the accident from eye witness and record it in a systematic and
methodical sequence. Personal protective equipment, portable tools and equipment slings, ladders
etc., may be vital evidence the cause of accident and shall be labelled and preserved till
completion of investigation. Fatal accidents shall be investigated by immediate supervisor and
safety engineer and reported to project manager within 24 hours. An investigation committee shall
be formed to further investigate the matter and present a single comprehensive report for the
management.

12.12. Near Miss & Dangerous Occurrence

Near misses are warning. So All the near misses shall be primarily investigated by the concerned
supervisor and Safety Engineer. Immediately after the incident, all relevant information from the
concerned personnel and all eye witnesses shall be collected and recorded a systematic and
methodical sequence. All equipment / tools etc., involved in the accident and any other document
which has any relevance to the accident shall be identified and preserved. Based on eye witness
and concerned personnel accounts, the supervisor and Safety Engineer shall prepare a Near Miss
Investigation report, giving a concise and factual detail of the conditions / actions immediately
prior to accident, timed sequence of events during and after accidents and forwarded to Safety
Engineer within 24 hours. Depending upon the nature of accident, an investigation committee may
be formed to further investigate the matter and present a single comprehensive report for the
management.

13. HSE REPORTS&RECORD REQUIREMENTS

13.1. OBSERVATIONS REGISTER
Observations are the result of deviations to identified and established HSE requirements. They are
usually encountered during daily site inspections or programmed audits or as a result of the
Preventive Observation Program (POP) established above, and they represent a breach that not
properly solved may become an incident.

All observations shall be recorded and notified to the person and Subcontractor involved so that
necessary action(s) is taken to solve the deviation.

ELECO shall maintain a register with all the observations (e.g. an excel sheet) with entrances such
as:

– Type of observation unsafe act or condition;

– Classification following a classification criteria as such described in CONTRACTOR
internal observation program procedure.
– Description of observation
– Inspection where it is coming from and person who did the observation
– Person in charge of action
– Whether it remains close or open
– Timeline to close observations
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Observations may come from different inspections and persons such as:

– Daily inspections by HSE personnel

– Management walk around
– Suggestion box and deficiencies observed by employees
– Audits and other inspections
– SUBCONTRACTOR management observations throughout the POP
CONTRACTOR and SUBCONTRACTOR HSE Representative is responsible to collect and
record all daily observations and administer the register in order to draw trends, conclusions, etc.
on the tendencies of HSE and take the convenient action (e.g. motivation program, disciplinary,
etc.) to achieve and excellence HSE program. They shall also be responsible to tracked down the
register and close them dutifully.

SUBCONTRACTOR Site Management and HSE team will also record their observations which
will be made available for CONTRACTOR.

13.2. WEEKLY / MONTHLY HSE SUMMARY REPORT

ELECO shall prepare and submit daily report,weekly report and monthly report to
CONTRACTOR COMPANY Team Leader Safety & Fire and COMPANY Team Leader
Environment within the first two working days of the month.

13.3. INCIDENT/ ACCIDENT REPORT

In order to take the adequate corrective measures, SUBCONTRACTOR shall verbally and
immediately notify CONTRACTOR Site HSE Manager of any incident/accident occurred within
his work area.

Subsequently and within 12 hours, SUBCONTRACTOR HSE Representative shall complete a

written report using COMPANY/ CONTRACTOR agreed incident report form as for example that
specified in DRP001-PUC-PRO-Z-000-010-Tmp01, that will be submitted to CONTRACTOR
Site HSE Manager. The initial notification form shall be submitted to COMPANY management
not later than 24 hours after the incident took place.

All Recordable and Non Recordable Incidents and Near Misses as well as High Severity Safety
Observations, will be totally investigated.

Incident Investigation Report with lessons learnt shall be submitted to Company within 20 days.

A brief news release shall be posted, for information of workers, covering all work related
recordable cases. The incident/accident and lesson learned from the incident are also to be
discussed at the scheduled HSE meetings.

A logbook with all first aid treatments shall be maintained where it shall be specified if the
accident investigation has been initiated.

13.4. RECORDS
ELECO will maintain a permanent record of all HSE work executed on site. This HSE File shall
include, as a minimum, the following:
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— CONTRACTOR HSE Plan

— Construction Environmental Management Plan
— Emergency Response Plan.
— Records of all training sessions and inductions
— Toolbox talks.
— All MSDS
— Risk Assessments
— Job Safety Analysis and Method Statement
— Incident Investigation Reports.
— Weekly and Monthly Reports.
— Records of PPE´s delivered to their personnel

14. WORK PERMIT SYSTEM

The Work area designated for the project shall be controlled by CONTRACTOR Permit to Work
System as established in procedure DRP001-PUC-PRO-Z-000-015.

The work permit is a way to ensure that activities have been planned and organized in advance to
establish the necessary safety measures to ensure the best conditions to perform the activity in
order to eliminate risks to ALARP levels.

In order to establish the necessary safety measures there shall previously been identify and
analysed the risks of the works. Therefore work permits shall always go together with the job
safety analysis for this activity that will be further explained in Section “Job Safety Analysis”.

These work permits will be obligatory for certain high risks construction activities no matter what
area the works are being performed in, being the following:

— Cold Work Permit

— Hot work permit
— Trench and Excavation Permit
— Scaffolding Permit
— Working at height
— Crane Lifting Permit
— Radiography Permit
— Electrical Work Permit
— Confined Space
— Night Work Permit
— Road closure Permit
— Grating Removal / Open Hole Permit
— Pressure Testing
— Bolt Tensioning/Torque Tightening
— Precommissioning Permit
All the permits are issued for a certain period of validity and new permits shall be issued or
validity period shall be extended if the work is not completed in this period.
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A logbook of permits to work shall be maintained where to established closed and ongoing
permits, number of permit, dates among other pertinent information.

CONTRACTOR reserves the right to withdraw work permits without prior notice for HSE
reasons. Under these circumstances, works will be stopped immediately, machinery will be
disconnected and all personnel will be evacuated from said area, if necessary.

Workers who do not observe safety regulations may be requested by their companies to leave the
worksite.

For tie-ins COMPANY Permit System and Procedures shall be of application. In line with this,
after turnover of a system or area, any work or activity to be performed in such area is also subject
to COMPANY Procedures.

The permit to work system shall be audited internally by CONTRACTOR Site HSE Manager in a
regular basis and externally by the Corporate HSE Audit in order to assess whether it is being
useful and introduce improvements and actions to be taken in case of deviations. The purpose it is
to assure that the Permit to Work System that it is an excellent measure to control high risk
activities works properly and it is applied strictly to provide safe cover to employees performing
the work.

15. WELFARE FACILITIES

Work in the construction industry is arduous; it involves much manual or physical activity. It is
also hazardous and dirty. Good welfare facilities not only improve workers’ welfare but also
enhance efficiency.

Welfare facilities such as the provision of drinking-water, washing, sanitary and changing
accommodation, rest-rooms and shelter, facilities for preparing and eating meals, temporary
housing, and assistance in transport from place of residence to the work site and back, all help to
reduce fatigue and improve workers’ health. The facilities may be provided and maintained by one
contractor for all workers or by individual contractors.

15.1. Sanitary Facilities

National laws usually prescribe the type, number and standard of sanitary facilities which should
be provided, but as a general guide the following should be regarded as a practical minimum:

— A sufficient number of water flush-type lavatories for men when this is practicable,
including sufficient urinal accommodation; chemical lavatories may be used otherwise;
— The accommodation should be designed and constructed so as to screen the occupants
from view and afford protection against the weather.
— The accommodation should be separate from any mess room or rest-room;
— A smooth and impermeable floor;
— Effective natural and / or artificial lighting and ventilation ; at least 30 m from any well ;
constructed for easy maintenance and cleaned out at least daily;
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15.2. Washing Facilities

— Work in the construction industry is often dusty and dirty; it may also involve handling
chemicals and other dangerous substances, so that you need to wash your hands and
bodies regularly.
— To prevent chemicals contaminating food and so being eaten during snacks or meals,
being absorbed through the skin or being carried home.
— To remove dirt and grime, which can also be ingested and cause sickness and disease.
— As a basic hygiene measure.
— When construction work involves the maintenance of or alterations to existing buildings,
it is often possible to use the facilities which form part of the building. Otherwise,
washing facilities should be provided to the following standards.
— One wash-basin for every 15 workers with a sufficient supply of water and an adequate
means of removing waste water.
— Soap, in the form of cake soap, or liquid or powder soap in a special dispenser, to
facilitate quick and proper washing, nail-brushes are needed where poisonous
substances are used.
— Suitable drying facilities such as paper towels, roller towels (or individual towels for
each worker) or electric hand-dryers.
— For facilities likely to be of longer duration, mirrors and shelves at each washing point
which will help to keep the place tidy and clean.
— Where workers are exposed to skin contamination by chemical substances or by oil or
grease, a sufficient number of showers, which should be disinfected daily.
— Facilities should be covered to provide weather protection, and effectively ventilated
and lit.
15.3. Facilities For Supplying Food And Drink, And Eating Meals
Facilities for supplying food at construction work sites can be particularly important when sites
are located in remote areas. Remoteness, together with inadequate temporary housing which lacks
cooking facilities, may give rise to considerable problems for workers in the availability and
regularity of hygienically prepared and nutritious meals. The problems of shift workers may be
even greater.

To meet the need for proper meals, a choice of facilities should be made available.

— Facilities to boil water and heat food;

— Facilities (including provision of space, shelter, water heating and rubbish bins) for
vendors to sell hot and cold food and drink; a canteen supplying cooked meals or
serving packed meals, snacks and beverages;
— Arrangements with a restaurant or canteen near the work site to supply packaged meals.
15.4. The Meal Area
There should be accommodation with tables and seats, protected from the weather, where one can
eat in comfort food brought from home or bought from vendors. It should be situated away from
workstations to minmise contact with dirt, dust or dangerous substances. Points to remember:
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Construction work is physically exhausting, and you need hygienically prepared and nutritious
meals at regular times.

15.5. Drinking – Water

Drinking - water is essential for workers in the construction industry, irrespective of the type of
work they do. You lose several liters of water a day while at work and without replacement you
gradually dehydrate; the loss is greater in a hot environment.

Arrangements for the supply of safe drinking-water may be: Individual closed water bottles or
containers when no other facilities are available hung close to the workplace in a shaded place,
free from dust and with plenty of air in circulation.

— Cool water helps avoid heat exhaustion.

— Containers should be cleaned and disinfected at suitable intervals.
— Drinking - water containers made of impermeable materials with suitable covers, kept in
a cool, protected place.
— Unglazed pottery containers keep water cool, and they should be kept in dust-free
places. The containers should be cleaned regularly by a designated person.
— Drinking water fountain from a public supply with the water outlet shielded in a manner
that prevents the lips of the drinker from being placed against it. Drinking-water
fountains are more hygienic than taps and drinking vessels.
— Water taps from a public supply clearly labelled to distinguish between drinkable and
non-drinkable water. It is preferable to use disposable cups or to provide a separate cup
for each worker. Drinking-water should not be placed in sanitary facilities, or in places
where it can be contaminated by dust, chemicals or other substances. Whatever the
source of water supplies for drinking, whether at the mess accommodation or elsewhere
on the site, it should be clearly marked as drinking-water in words or with a suitable
sign.
— Drink water only from sources clearly marked as drinking-water.
15.6. Facilities For Changing, Storing And Drying Clothes
— Secure facilities at the work site for changing from street clothes into work clothes, and
for airing and drying the latter, greatly assist workers with their personal hygiene and
tidiness and relieve them of anxiety over the security of their possessions. Changing
rooms are particularly important when workers change from street clothes into
protective clothing and when working clothes become wet or dirty. The facilities should
include provision for drying wet clothes, whether it be street or working clothing.
— Separate changing facilities for men and women workers should be provided, at least by
adequate screening. The provision of adequate seats, mirrors and rubbish bins in the
changing rooms or close to the lockers will assist workers in paying attention to personal
appearance and cleanliness.
15.7. Rest Breaks
Construction workers begin work early. They start their day alert and productive but their activity
level decreases as the day passes. Fatigue develops gradually before it begins to have marked
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effects. If you rest before you show signs of being really tired, recovery is much faster. Short
breaks taken frequently are much better than infrequent long breaks. Productivity improves with
frequent rest breaks.

15.8. Frequency Of Rest Breaks

National law may prescribe the length of a working day which includes a period or periods for rest
breaks. At least one ten minutes break in the morning and one in the afternoon, in addition to
longer break for lunch is essential. Workers are not just idle during rest breaks, but are recovering
from fatigue and preparing for continued productive work. Getting away from a noisy or polluted
workplace helps to relax and recover from fatigue, and an area with seating and out of direct
sunlight should be set aside for rest breaks.

Point to remember：

Breaks which are short and taken often are better than long breaks taken infrequently.

15.9. Heat Stress

The Heat Stress Program has been developed to provide guidance and oversight for the activities
involving elevated temperatures during occupational activities at various sites of DRPIC.

Line management/Contract Custodian:

— Schedule work activities for the cooler parts of the day.

— Identify work areas/activities that can contribute to extra heat stress like welding in
confined spaces, radiant heat sources and manual work (excavation, manual handling
etc.) and upgrade job category from Light to Heavy Work for the purpose of applying
Work-Rest regimen.
— Implement feasible engineering controls to reduce heat load.
— Ensure implementation of administrative controls & use of PPE.
— Ensure that employees required to work under elevated heat conditions are trained and
acclimatized.
— Monitor employees/contractors for signs/symptoms of heat strain.
— Ensure physiological monitoring is carried out.
— Notify the clinic/first-aid attendant/nurse about any employee with symptoms of heat
strain/illnesses.
— Ensure that workers visit the clinic/nurse upon experiencing signs and symptoms of
thermal stress for medical surveillance.
— Once heat related symptoms are confirmed, the case shall be reported through IIRS as
per existing protocol for reporting occupational injuries & illnesses.
15.10. Medical Examinations
Sub-Contractor shall ensure that his employees are in good health conditions suitable for the work
to be performed.

Sub-Contractor shall submit the following documents to Contractor representative for audit,and
whenever asked:
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— List of employees with status and date of Pre-employment and Periodic Medical.
— Examinations.
— List of employees eligible for fitness examinations such as Confined Space Entry,with
status and date of each fitness examination.
— List of employees eligible for medical surveillance examination for noise,ionizing
radiation,and specified chemical and biological agents with status and date of the
examination.
— Copies of medical examination done,include form duly filled and signed by the
examining physician,and applicable tests results such as audio gram and Spirograph.
— Any other documents required by Contractor.

16. SECURITY PLAN

The purpose of the site security is to control Contractor construction areas in order to provide
protection from theft and to prevent non-authorized personnel, vehicles and equipment from
entering the site.

— Sub-Contractor shall issue numbered, reasonably tamper proof ID badges to the

contractor employees.
— Sub-Contractor is responsible for ensuring that all ID badges issued to the employees
are not damaged or lost.
— Sub-Contractor shall ensure access passes and ID badges are visibly displayed at all
times and present it to Security at the access gates.
ELECO minimum access control for employees shall be the following:

— National Identification card or passport

— Certification and or specific Training records for qualified employees
— Medically fit certificate or equivalent based on national legislation
— Record of PPE´s delivery
ELECO minimum access control for equipment and machinery shall be the following:

— Country operators certificate/ licence

— Obligatory technical inspection (if required by the country)
— Third party equipment and machinery inspection certificate (if required by the country)
— Manufacturer instruction manual written in the project or operator native language.
ELECO shall immediately notify CONTRACTOR of all thefts or other security violations at
project areas. ELECO shall also submit to CONTRACTOR a monthly summary of thefts or other
security violations.

Visitors to work-site

All visitors to the work-site shall require the approval of CONTRACTOR Site Manager.
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Any visitors shall receive an HSE briefing prior to entering any work-site, meet all aspects of
applicable work-site HSE rules and are escorted at all times by a responsible person. The safety
briefing shall include at a minimum key HSE expectations, location of muster points and types of
emergency siren.

16.1. Substance Abuse Policy

Everyone on the work site has the responsibility to be fit and ready to carry out his or her work
duties at all times, without risk of their performance being impaired or their competence reduced
by substance abuse. Sub-Contractor will not tolerate the use of alcohol or any other prohibited
substance on any work site. Arriving at the meeting under the influence of alcohol in any amount
is strictly prohibited. To maintain a workplace that is free from substance abuse, Sub-Contractor
may conduct searches, pre-employment screening, random tests or post-incident tests for drugs
and alcohol. Abuse of alcohol or other prohibited substances will result in disciplinary procedures.
ELECO Human Resources Departments will ensure correct local application of this policy, in
accordance with legislation.

16.2. Knife Policy

People are not permitted to bring their own knives to work. Appropriate cutting tools will be
maintained and provided.

17. TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

Motor vehicle drivers and equipment operator shall be qualified and licensed in accordance with
Kuwait Regulations.Vehicle drivers shall be in possession of a valid National equipment operator
license; equipment operator shall be in possession of a valid National equipment license specific
to the type of equipment operated.

It is the responsibility of the driver to ensure that his vehicle meets all conditions required for safe
driving and to ensure it complies with all requirements to obtain valid pass to the site.

17.1. Driving and Transportation Safety Requirements

17.1.1. Driver Safety Requirement
— Appropriate driving / operating licenses will be checked before they are starting the
work.
— Drivers must obey Contractor traffic rules and regulations.Drivers must observe posted
speed limits,traffic signs,signals,and other postings at all times while driving on or off
the project.
— The maximum speed limit on site is 20 Km/hr.Unless otherwise posted.Speeds shall be
reduced to a maximum of 15 Km/hr.When pedestrians are present or when traveling in
congested areas,such as construction work areas.
— Drivers shall ensure that any material extending more than one meter beyond the front
or rear of the vehicle shall have a red flag,fastened at the end of the load.
— Parking will be restricted to parking area,being strictly prohibited to block any fire-
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fighting equipment.When parking or leaving the vehicle outside the approved parking
areas,the engine must be shut off,the parking break engaged,and the key shall be left in
the car.
— No passengers will be carried in any vehicle not specially designed for that purpose.In
any case,passengers will be transported only in passenger compartments of cars,trucks
and buses.Seat belts will be worn by the driver and passenger in all vehicles except in
buses where only drivers will use them.
17.1.2. Vehicle safety
Vehicle must be fit for purpose, inspected and confirmed to be in safe working order.

Maintenance records for all vehicles shall be kept.

— Passenger number must not exceed manufacturer’s design specification

— Loads must be suitably secured and do not exceed manufacturer’s design specifications
or legal limits
— Seat belts must be available and worn by all occupants when the vehicle is moving.
— No seat-belt, no passenger.
— Speed limits must be complied with at all times
— Reverse parking is required
— Drivers of heavy vehicles must be authorized and :
– Be trained, certified and medically fit to operate the class of vehicle.
– Must not be under the influence of alcohol or drugs, and are not suffering
from fatigue
– Must not use hand-held mobile phones and radios while driving

17.1.3. Refueling
All refueling shall be done outside the project, for some special case of stationary equipment and
crawler truck equipment a proper precautionary measure shall be followed during refueling.

— Grounding and bonding shall be connected to avoid static build up.

— FRC coverall for the refueling crew.
— Wear proper PPE for the job
— Barricade the area
— Emergency equipment must be readily available (spill kit, fire extinguisher, etc.)
— The crew must be trained, evaluated and certified before engaging refueling activities.

17.2. Road Closure Permit

Regardless of the duration, a full or half close road shall be covered with road closure permit
signed concord with all affected or interface area and approved by the HSE Department.

17.3. Training
All the drivers to be oriented prior to start the operation.
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17.4. Drug and Alcohol Policy

— It is strictly forbidden to drive / operate vehicles when sick or under the effects of
alcohol and / or drug.
— Drugs and alcohol, in the Country, are forbidden by law therefore the offenders will also
occur in ordinary law disciplinary measures.

18. ENVIRONMENTAL PLAN

The Omani laws on environmental protection, control and management are covered under two
basic laws including the “Law for the Conservation of the Environment and the Prevention of
Pollution” promulgated in November 2001 as Royal Decree (RD) 114/2001 (superseding RD
10/82 and its amendments) and the “Law on Protection of Potable Water Sources from Pollution”
promulgated as RD 115/2001. These laws provide the framework for all other laws and
regulations concerning environmental conservation and water resources protection.

The responsibility for the implementation of the environmental laws and regulations rests with
Ministry of Environment and Climate Affairs (MECA), which issues regulations, standards and
guidelines through MDs. Within MECA, the Directorate General of Environmental Affairs
(DGEA) is the authority responsible for environmental permitting, inspection and control in the
Sultanate of Oman. MECA has established the Directorate General of Climate Affairs (DGCA),
which has the authority to assess the potential aspects of the Project with regard to climate change.

The most important impacts of construction activities on the environment are: alteration of
vegetation, generation of waste, water and soil contamination, noise, dust emissions and
deterioration of air quality.

The environmental objective of the project is to ensure no contamination or disruption of the

environment occurs. Specific targets are to achieve:

— Zero chemical or oil spills on water and/or land.

— Zero proven dust and noise complaints.
— Zero property damage.
— Avoid mismanagement of trash and waste
— To increase environmental awareness through Training sessions.

Environmental issues shall be part of all HSE meetings and training programs. Specific training
sessions shall address environmental awareness importance, best practices and particular
requirements.

Periodic environmental audits and inspections shall be performed as part of general HSE audits
and inspection program in order to monitor the implementation of Project requirements and to
ensure environmental protection during the execution of the works.

All environmental incidents will be investigated and measures put in place to avoid re-occurrence.
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18.1. House Keeping

— Work areas and means of access shall be maintained safe and orderly.
— Sufficient personnel and equipment shall be provided to ensure compliance with all
housekeeping requirements.
— Work areas shall be inspected daily for adequate housekeeping and finding recorded on
daily inspection reports.
— Work will not be allowed in those areas that do not comply with the requirements of this
Section.
— All stairways, passageways, gangways, and access ways shall be kept free of materials,
supplies, and obstructions at all times.
— Loose or light material shall not be stored or left on roofs or floors that are not closed in,
unless it is safely secured.
— Tools, materials, extension cords, hoses, or debris shall not cause tripping or other
hazards.
— Tools materials and equipment subject to displacement or falling shall be adequately
secured.
— Empty bags having contained lime, cement, and other dust-producing material shall be
removed periodically as specified by the designated authority.
— Form and scrap lumber and debris shall be cleared from work areas and access ways in
and around building storage yards and other structures.
— Protruding nails in scrap boards, planks, and timbers shall be removed, hammered in, or
bent over flush with the wood.
— Storage and construction sites shall be kept free from the accumulation of combustible
materials.
— Weeds and grass shall be kept down.
— A regular procedure shall be established for the clean-up of the areas as specified by the
designated authority.
— Accumulation of liquids, particularly flammable and combustible liquids, on floors,
walls, etc., is prohibited. All spills of flammable and combustible liquids shall be
cleaned up immediately.
— Material Disposal
— Waste material and rubbish shall be placed in containers or, if appropriate, in piles.
— Waste materials and rubbish shall not be thrown down from a height of more than 1.8 m
(6 ft.) unless the following are complied with.
— The materials or rubbish are dropped through an enclosed chute constructed of wood or
equivalent material.
— Chutes for debris shall be enclosed except for openings equipped with closures at or
about floor level for the insertion of materials; the openings shall not exceed 1.2 m (48
in) in height measured along the wall of the chute. Openings shall be kept closed when
not in use.
— When debris cannot be handled by chutes, the area into which the material is dropped
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shall be enclosed with barricades not less than 1 m (42in) in height. Barricades shall be
positioned to keep personnel from all debris landing areas, signs warning of the hazard
of falling material shall be posted at all debris landing areas and at each level exposed to
falling debris.
— Separate covered, self-closing, non-flammable/non-reactive containers shall be provided
for the collection of garbage, oily, flammable, and dangerous wastes.
— The containers shall be labeled with a description of the contents and the contents shall
be properly disposed of daily.
— Hazardous material waste (i.e., vehicle and equipment oils and lubricants, containers
and drums for solvents, adhesives etc.) shall be collected, stored, and disposed of in
accordance with the existing waste disposal rules and regulations.
18.2. Waste Management
— Good housekeeping is an important part of our Project execution. It is the responsibility
of all employees, supervisors and craftsmen alike to practice good housekeeping on a
daily basis.
— Keep the job site clean. Do not let soiled clothes and soft drink bottles accumulate. If
drinking cups are used, deposit them in the containers provided. Also place paper bags,
and other trash in these containers.
— Clean work area of any flammable /combustible material before start of work and after
work
— Maintain clean access to the work place
— Replace unused tools and equipment
— Coil up electric line and hose after use
— Stack material to safe height
— Separate scrap material into separate wastes
— Keep oily rags in a closed metal container
— Manage covered trash containers around work area
— Manage site toilets
— Timber with protruding nails are prohibited on site
18.3. Specific Environment Management Plan
— Zero chemical or oil spills on water and/or land.
— Zero proven dust and noise complaints.
— Zero property damage.
— Avoid mismanagement of trash and waste
— To increase environmental awareness through Training sessions.
18.4. Waste Material Disposal Plan
— Please be reminded NO Unauthorized dumping of waste is allowed in Construction area
— All waste should be removed from Project area
— Waste removal trucks must use a tarpaulin or net, to prevent falling or loose waste
polluting the area.
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18.5. Hazardous Waste Management Requirements

Hazardous wastes and materials often represent an environmental risk as well as a health and
safety concern. For this reason, it is essential that all personnel understand and comply with the
rules, guidelines and regulations pertaining to hazardous waste management. This includes:

— Immediately reporting all spills of environmentally hazardous chemicals in accordance

with regulatory requirements;
— The use of drip pans and liners:
— Under all operative and inoperative support equipment (i.e. generators, heaters,
compressors);
— Under fuel/fluid storage vessels and containers;
— During all fluid transfers at all connection points throughout the procedure;
— Under all equipment when parked for extended periods.
— Drip pans and liners are not a substitute for proper maintenance. Any piece of equipment
that is dripping or leaking must be repaired immediately.
— All wastes generated during a spill response event (i.e. spent absorbents, impacted soils)
shall be appropriately managed and disposed at an authorized waste facility.
18.6. Environmental Audits
Environmental audit should be carried out at regular intervals by HSE In charge the report on
these findings shall be issued to ELECO management.

Typical records for revue:

— Emergency response plan(s)

— Emergency Release Notification Reports
— Chemical inventory forms
— Typical features for inspection:
— Chemical manufacturing or processing areas (generation sites)
— Record keeping system
— Shop activities
— Hazardous material/waste transfer areas

19. SMOKING POLICY

Smoking is prohibited in non-smoking areas on site, temporary offices, workshops, lay-down
areas and any other project areas under the scope of this project.

Strict no smoking policy to be followed in all working areas site offices as per DRPIC /TRD and
ELECO safety rules. For the purpose of preventing fire incidents, adverse health effects and
untidy work place, the ELECO shall strictly implement its “NO SMOKING POLICY” with
general contents as below.

— Smoking is permitted only in places provided with ash trays.

— Strictly NO SMOKING in the work areas and hazardous areas such as:
– In/Near hazardous areas such as gasoline station, generator, sub-station etc.
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– Inside the Shops, shelters, tool containers, warehouse, etc.

— Strictly NO SMOKING in public areas such as:
– Waiting area of transportation vehicles
– Inside the service vehicles such as buses, coaster etc.
– Inside canteens, offices and similar areas.
— Strictly NO SMOKING while;
– Walking, even outside the working area.
– Driving/operating vehicles or heavy equipment

20. NOISE POLLUTION

As stipulated by Ministerial Decision 80/94 issuing regulations for noise pollution control in
working environment, no employee shall be exposed to noise levels exceeding 85 dB (A). If the
workplace noise level exceeds 85 dB (A), suitable ear protection devices shall be provided. The
attenuation of such protection devices shall reduce the noise level to 80 dB (A) or lower.

Noise levels during working hours shall be kept as low as reasonably practicable, using state of-
the-art technology to minimize noise nuisance. This applies to any type of noise harmful or
annoying to personnel.

Action shall be taken to reduce noise output or protect workers by engineering controls. Workers
must at risk from these noise levels must be provided with and required to wear hearing
protection.

The Project Director/Manager or his designer will ensure that all employees are aware of the risk
associated with exposure to noise. In particular he will ensure that there is awareness that
prolonged exposure to high noise levels or short term exposure to very high noise levels can lead
to noise induced hearing loss (e.g. deafness, either partial or complete), tinnitus (ringing in the
ears), and impact upon concentration and comfort.

In order to manage noise risk the Project Director/Manager or his designee will ensure that any
work undertaken which is liable to expose employees to noise at or above the lower exposure
action level must have a suitable and sufficient assessment of the risk. To this end a competent
person shall conduct noise risk assessments such as are required.
If the noise assessment indicates that there is a risk to the health of employees who are, or are
likely to be exposed to noise, health surveillance will include testing of their hearing.

Activity specific control measures will be included in the controlling Method Statement.

21. MEDICAL CENTRE AND FIRST AID TREATMENT

A Medical Centre managed by a qualified paramedic shall be provided on site and available for
ELECO.

Also a Medical Centre shall be provided and located adjacent to the Camp area.

All resources shall be provided to apply rapid first aid and trauma response in the place where the
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injured person is located, including a cardie respiratory animation system, followed by

stabilization and evacuation to special medical care in a dedicated facility.

The Medical Center shall be staffed 24 hours a day and provide the following as a minimum:

— Basic emergency department facilities.

— Available trauma nurses and physicians available upon patient arrival.
— Working hours 24 hours a day.
Transfer agreements shall be established for patients requiring more comprehensive care at Level I
though III Trauma Centers/ hospitals.

Also the necessary arrangements shall be set to provide off site first aid transportation (i.e.
ambulance) as necessary.

ELECO shall foresee the hospital where his personnel will be transported in case of requiring
more than first aid treatment.

ELECO employees shall be aware and acquainted with the first aid medical centre and any other
first aid arrangement. Information and instructions shall be given to all workers prior to working
on site (i.e. induction session).

There will be sufficient first aiders / medical professionals on site to ensure that they do not work
longer than 12 hours in any 24 hour period.

The procedure in case an incident/ accident happens must be established and clear to all
employees. This will be explained in induction and training sessions.

Signs containing emergency telephone numbers for ambulance, first aid treatment, medical
centers, public fire brigades, etc., shall be posted in visible locations.

The equipment and facilities will be based on the risk assessment. The site medical centre will
meet all the requirements set by Oman Ministry of Health for registration and licensing as a clinic.

21.1. First Aid

At least 1 in every 25 of his employees is trained in First Aid. First Aiders shall be competent
people, trained in First Aid at work. Principal First Aiders shall have attended a 4 day course
resulting in the award of a First Aider at work Certificate.

First aiders shall be registered and maintain a valid certificate of training from one of the approved
training providers and/or approved training courses

First aider’s initial training shall be refreshed as required by the training provider, at a minimum,
annually for life threatening emergencies, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) procedures and
automated external defibrillator use. Unless otherwise stipulated by the training provider, non-life-
threatening response refresher training shall be provided at a minimum every two years.

First Aiders shall be recognised by posted photographs, detailing name, location, and company
and contact number. First Aider’s safety helmets shall have a self - adhesive green cross sticker
affixed to each side. First Aiders high visibility jacket or vest shall also have a green cross on the
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back.

First aid treatment for injury or sickness shall not be provided, except in emergency, proper trained
medical intervention shall always be provided as soon as is practically possible.

First aiders shall be trained in the use of De-fibrillators where these are deployed at Site.

First – aiders shall be familiar with the locations of all First Aid facilities, first aid boxes and must
be equipped with suitable communications equipment ie: VHF radios.

21.2. Medical Staff

Any medical professional providing services beyond first aid in the occupational setting, or at
employer supplied accommodation (worker camps), shall have a valid license to practice medicine
as required by the Ministry of Health Oman. Medical and advanced first aid facilities shall
maintain valid licenses as required by Oman Ministry of Health.

Emergency Medical Technicians (EMT) shall maintain a valid license issued by the Oman
Ministry of Health.

All nurses shall hold the designation of Registered Nurse and maintain a valid license issued by
Oman Ministry of Health.

Physicians shall receive training on common worksite hazards prior to starting work. All
physicians shall maintain a valid license issued by Oman Ministry of Health.

21.3. First Aid Kits

First aid kits shall be placed in all office buildings (minimum one on each floor) and throughout
the worksite as needed and not stored in a locked container / cupboard / facility.

Employers shall perform a health risk assessment to determine the contents of the first aid kits.

First aid kits shall be placed in all worksite vehicles.

Contents of the first aid kits shall be based on the health risk assessment, but as a minimum shall
have the contents listed in CONTRACTOR procedure DRP001-PUC-PRO-Z-000-031, First Aid
and Medical Treatment Procedure aligned with COMPANY PRO-1400-0000-015, Procedure for
First Aid and Medical Treatment.

First Aiders are responsible for inspecting the first aid kits at least once each month to ensure the
required contents are available, including replenishing necessary items and replacing expired
items.

A register is to be maintained with each first aid kit to keep records of treatment give and materials
used. The treatment must also be reported to the HSE Manager.

21.4. Moving An Injured Person

In principle, never move an injured person until a trained first-aid or a doctor can direct you.
However, when someone is at risk of further injury and has to be removed to a safe place, lift him
or her by using a stretcher or a blanket. If you are alone and must rapidly move an injured person
out of danger, then a good way is to drag him or her head first by the clothes.
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Points to remember :

— Serious cuts, abrasions and burns must be treated as soon as possible by a doctor or
nurse. Limit first aid to a dressing and bandage, if these are necessary.

22. FIRE PREVENTION, FIRE FIGHTING AND EMERGENCY

22.1. General
ELECO are in charge of fire prevention during the execution of the assigned work specific
activities and work areas (e.g. temporary offices, tool rooms and storage areas). Therefore he shall
have a sufficient number of personnel adequately trained in fire prevention and fighting
techniques, if required by the activity.

The emergency response plan shall cover fire emergency situations and define the emergency
response team assigned to manage fire events and other emergency situations. All personnel shall
receive information regarding firefighting.

Every individual on site should be aware of the fire risk, and should know the precautions to
prevent a fire and the action to be taken if fire does break out. Everyone on site should be trained
to:

— Know of two unobstructed ways off the site if there is a fire or other emergency.
— know how to raise the alarm;
— know where fire fighting appliances are kept
— Be able to use the fire fighting appliances
— Be able to select the correct type of portable fire extinguisher for specific types of fire.
It shall be provided approved fire-fighting equipment at the work places and offices in adequate
quantities and its employees must be trained in the usage of such equipment.

Types of fire and fire extinguishers:

Class of Fire Combustible material Extinguishing media
Ordinary combustibles-paper wood, Water, and dry chemical Powder
A
cloth etc. A,B,C
Flammable liquids-gasoline, paint, Foam, carbon dioxide, and dry
B
oïl, solvants etc chemical rated B or B,C or A,B,C.
Electrical equipment-motors,
Carbon dioxide, (Co2) and dry
C power cords, wiring, switch
chemical rated B, C or A,B,C.
boards, transformers, generator etc.
Special metals-sodium, zinc,
Use only special dry powder
D phosphorous, potassium,
extinguisher marked for this purpose
magnesium, titanium.

Fire extinguishers suitable for the various classes of fire shall be used during construction works.
Fire extinguishers shall be placed at:
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— Offices shall have at least two fire extinguishers located at the access / exit door. No
point within any office shall be more than 20 meters from a fire extinguisher.
— In open storage yards
— Extinguishers shall be located in the proximity of fuel or flammable materials storage
areas.
— In Workshops
— In each temporary electrical panel
— On each item of mobile industrial equipment having a diesel or gasoline engine.
— A fire extinguisher shall be placed in the proximity of non-mobile industrial equipment
having a diesel or gasoline engine
— Any generator brought onto the site shall have one carbon dioxide (CO2) extinguisher
mounted on it.
— Portable or permanently mounted extinguishers should be available throughout the Site
within 15 m of any on-going work involving welding, burning or the use of an open
flame.
Monthly inspections shall be performed and used fire extinguishers shall be replaced by new ones.
Tags shall be used to indicate condition and date of inspection of fire extinguishers. Damaged,
malfunctioning or empty fire extinguishers shall be repaired or refilled in a timely manner.

The location of temporary mounted fire extinguishers shall be clearly marked and free access
maintained. They shall not be transferred from established locations

Any person discovering a fire shall report to their supervisor and try to fight the fire using the fire
extinguisher present on the area. The supervisor shall immediately notify CONTRACTOR Site
Manager and HSE Manager who shall raise the local stop work alarm with manual megaphone or
any other communication mechanism and the onsite Emergency Response Team shall fight the fire
using the equipment available at the scene. It shall also be immediately communicated to
COMPANY. Depending on the situation evacuation of the zone or other emergency responses
actions shall be necessary.

The following fire prevention prescriptions shall be followed:

— Flammable Materials. Approved containers shall be used, which shall not be stored in or
near entries, exits, stairs and passageways.
— Refueling. Equipment motors shall be shut off during refueling. Refueling area shall be
free of ignition sources, gases, combustible material, etc. and shall be duly identified by
means of signs prohibiting smoking or opening flames. Any spill shall be immediately
cleaned up.
— Cutting and Welding. All combustible and flammable materials shall be moved to a safe
location prior to start cutting and welding activities. In the event of not being possible,
fire-resistant wool shall be provided and workers shall be provided with firefighting
equipment for immediate use.
— Combustion debris and waste materials. These shall be collected and removed from the
site every day. Fuels, solvents, and other volatile or flammable materials shall be stored
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away from the construction and storage areas in well-marked, safe containers. Good
housekeeping is essential for fire prevention.
— Gas fires and radiant heaters are forbidden in site cabins.
— All fire points, access routes and roadways must be kept clear of obstruction at all times.
— The quantity of flammable liquid either being stored or used should be as small as
reasonably practicable. Flammable materials must be stored in suitable closed containers
away from heat and ignition source.
— Electrical fires in temporary electrical equipment, panels and wiring
— Construction equipment fires due to overheating and mechanical failure
Emergency drills (e.g. medical incidents, hazardous materials spills, etc.) shall be performed and
triannual and a general evacuation emergency drill shall be carried out every year. Reports of
Emergency drills shall be distributed and filed.

22.2. Safety Precautions

— Do not smoke in the smoking prohibited areas.
— Do not place any flammable/combustible material near electrical heaters/gas
stoves/open flame.
— Do not use naked lights, matches and lighters in the vicinity of flammable and
combustible materials.
— Always store flammable and combustible materials in their designated stores and use
them following their safety instructions.
— Do not give any unauthorized electrical connections.
— Do not allow any flammable and combustible materials in the vicinity of welding and
cutting works.
— Do not leave the fires and open flame devices unattended.
— Store the paint-soiled clothing and drop clothes in well-ventilated steel cabinets or
containers.
— Remove the paint scrapings and paint saturated debris from the premises on daily basis.
— Follow the applicable fire and environmental laws and regulations for the disposal of
combustible waste.
— All storage, handling and use of flammable and combustible liquids shall be under the
supervision of a qualified person.
— No flammable liquid with a flash point below 38 0 C shall be used for cleaning purposes
of to start or rekindle fires.
— Flammable liquid dispensing devices shall be of an approved type and should be
electrically bonded and grounded.
— Tank cars/trucks shall be attended for the entire duration they are being loaded or
unloaded.
22.3. Action In The Event Of Fire
— Do not panic.
— Raise the alarm by operating the alarm siren/bell if provided.
— Announce or shout: Fire, Fire, Fire (little gap) Fire in (place of fire).
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— Call local fire service/fire brigade.

— Inform safety in charge/officer.
— Rescue the causalities (Call ambulance if required).
— Extinguish the fire by using local fire fighting equipment and extinguishers.
— Follow the orders of the head of the fire fighting operations on arrival of the fire
brigade.
— Extend full co-operation to the fire fighting personnel of fire service/fire brigade

22.4. In Case Of Electrical Fire

— Switch “off” the main supply.
— Never use water against this fire to avoid electrocution.

22.5. Specific Emergency Response Plan

As emergencies may occur in ELECO project working site, expedient action must be taken, to
provide the best possible care to the injuries. The purpose is therefore to outline the
responsibilities and appropriate actions aiming to protect the people, asset and environment, to
limit the consequences of and recover from an emergency should it occur. The development and
implementation of an emergency action plan will help ensure that the best care will be provided.

22.5.1. Category 0
Minor fires, hydrocarbon spillages, or leakage and injury, which can be effectively dealt with by
personnel on the spot.

— Supervisors to ensure;
— Communication / reporting procedure
— Means of dealing with the incident
— Maintenance of unit in a safe condition
— Cordoning off the area in the event of toxic or flammable gas escape Reporting and
controlling procedure
22.5.2. Category 1
Incidents in Category 0 escalated to a higher degree, not hazardous to human life or property, but
calling for support from other client personnel and fire fighting crew.

— Supervisors to ensure;
— All in category 0 Incidents
— Call-in appropriate personnel
— Inform appropriate department
— Regard for possible escalation
22.5.3. Category 2
An incident of major proportion requiring involvement of emergency services and outside
agencies in addition to those mentioned above. An incident not immediately hazardous to life or
property but could lead to considerable loss property and/or hazard to life if not controlled.
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— Management and Supervision should additionally ensure;

— Instigate immediate reporting / communications system and emergency control
— Request fire, medical, safety and security services as required
— Ensure accurate written record of all events
22.5.4. Category 3
An emergency of disastrous proportion, possibly causing or threatening fatality, injury, property
loss or disruption to population. Requiring immediate request / action by all emergency services.

— Management Supervision to ensure;

— Factor all considerations for other categories
— Control build-up of resources efficiently and speedily.
— Alert local medical establishments as required.
— Organize manpower / personnel to support / assist emergency services where required.
22.6. Definition Of A Major Incident
Any incident classified as category 2 or category 3 will be considered a major incident and will be
dealt with under the major incident procedure.
22.7. Declaration Of A Major Incident
Situation as outlined under category 2 or 3 above will require an immediate response by Fire and
Safety Team. Superintendent and his deputy or any Department/TL will invoke the major incident
procedure through Fire station control room, telephone number.

22.8. Procedures To Ensure Readiness

ELECO Management must ensure that their Emergency Plan and any Standing operating
Procedures are kept updated and available at all times for their personnel to reference. Ensuring
quick and effective response in case of a major incident. Departmental and divisional heads shall
ensure that personnel under their control regularly review applicable sections of these regulations
and the departmental procedures to make certain that they are familiar with their duties in the
event of a major incident.

Superintendent Fire and Safety Team shall be responsible for ensuring that the overall procedures
are updated and maintained. Major incident exercise shall be staged periodically at irregular
intervals.

22.9. Organization
During an emergency, management has the responsibility for implementing the emergency
procedures to ensure; Overall direction of efforts to bring the emergency under control.

Organization of actions to ensure the safety of personnel, plant, equipment, etc. making the most
effective use of available resources. Coordination of all operations during the emergency.

Control organization shall be exercised through an advance control location in a safe and suitable
area adjacent to the incident by the headquarters control located in fire station.

22.10. Communication Procedures

Emergency communication channel in case of emergency shall be followed as below:
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What to inform:

— Name of the injured person

— Type of injury
— Location of the patient
— Condition of the injured person

22.10.1. Action To Be Taken

After receiving the information about the scene of incident by radio or telephone communication
system from Fire and Safety Team, the ELECO shall ensure the following;

— All work is stopped at once.

— All equipment is shut down (all sources at ignition)
— All men are evacuated to a pre-determined assembly point
— A roll call is taken and every man is accounted for
— No one is permitted to return until notification has been received from the representative
that it is safe to do so.
22.10.2. Help In Emergency For Response
When transmitting a message by telephone, radio, or messenger, ensures that you clearly identify
yourself by giving;

— Exact location
— Nature of emergency
— Service required and repeat the message
— Your name Stay on the telephone until you are told to hang up.
22.10.3. Emergency Response Communication
All staff must be informed of the emergency and all personnel to be accounted for.

Emergency Planning Guide – Hazardous Material Spill / Leak.

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22.11. Emergency HSE CAMPAIGNS

The project shall organize emergency safety drills in regularly.Focus on the ability of every
employee to respond to emergency condition.

— Training on type of the emergency siren and knowledge of the emergency procedures
are conducted in the Safety Induction given by CLIENT.
— The knowledge of assembly point location and procedures during an emergency covered
during the Safety Induction given by CLIENT.
— Emergency drill or exercise is subject by CLIENT schedule and approval.
CONTRACTOR shall abide with the schedule accordingly when within the plant or
when and when as required by CLIENT.
— Collaboration of emergency drill or exercise may be conducted on a joint effort between
CLIENT, CONTRACTOR, and other work trade within the project site.
— Notification of any drill or exercise shall be to the CLIENT and subject for approval.
— Emergency drill or exercise may be conducted in any of the following methods:
– Full scale
– Half scale
– Table-top type
– Integration with CLIENT or other work trade.
22.12. Hazardous Materials Incidents
Hazardous materials are substances that are flammable or combustible, explosive, toxic, noxious,
corrosive, oxidizing, an irritant or radioactive. A hazardous material spill or release can pose a risk
to life, health or property. An incident can result in the evacuation of a few people, a section of a
facility or local population.

There is a responsibility for facilities to furnish information about the quantities and health effects
of materials used at the facility, and to promptly notify personnel whenever a significant release of
hazardous materials occurs. In addition to on-site hazards, all personnel to be aware of the
potential for an off-site incident affecting All personnel also to be made aware of all the hazardous
materials used within the facility process and in any physical construction hazards within the
project scope of operations.

22.12.1. Considerations
— All hazardous materials identified to be labelled, stored, and handled correctly. Material
safety data sheets (MSDS) to be attained for all hazardous materials on work locations.
— Coordinate with Fire and Safety Team for assistance in developing appropriate response
and procedures.
— All employees to be trained to recognize and report ALL material spills and releases.
— Employees were required to be trained in proper handling and storage.
— Hazardous material response plan:
— Procedures to notify management, client and emergency response organizations of an
incident.
— Procedures to warn employees of an incident.
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22.12.2. Evacuation Procedures.

— Immediate response, confine and control hazardous material spills in accordance with
applicable regulations.
— All possible facilities that may have “hazard content”, (i.e. pipelines, cables) within
work areas to be identified to all employees.
— All employees to be aware of precautions to be taken to prevent damage or rupture when
working in the close proximity.
22.13. Construction Supervisors Emergency Response
22.13.1. Emergency Procedure (Work Area)
— If you hear the emergency siren (8 blasts of 5 seconds each)
— Stop all work - Inform all around -Switch off all machines
— Generators, compressors vehicles
— Close all valves on gas cylinders – inform the supervisor and tell to HSE Team
— Move to form up at Nearest Assembly point.
— Name call for all your crew and wait further instructions.
22.13.2. Never Clock In For Anyone
— All fires, no matter how small, must be reported.
— Never go back inside a burning building for personal effects
— In the event of a real fire one man must go to the gate to direct the emergency services.
22.14. Toxic Gases
HYDROGEN SULFIDE H 2 S
22.14.1. Purpose
The purpose of this policy is to minimize occupational exposure to Hydrogen Sulphide and meet
the requirements.

22.14.2. General Requirements

Exposure Limits

Threshold Limit Value (TLV) 10.0 PPM

Short-Term Exposure Limit (STEL) 15.0 PPM

22.14.3. Personal Protective Equipment

Respiratory Protection will be worn as outlined below:

H 2 S Concentration Respirator* Cartridge

Unknown(i.e., no air
Full Face Supplied Air
sampling information
with Not applicable
and/or emergency
escape SCBA
response for a release)
Less than 10.0 PPM Note required Not applicable
Greater than or equal to Full Face supplied Air
10.0 with escape SCBA
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PPM

When self-contained breathing apparatus is used in operations where known or potential

concentrations of hydrogen sulfide levels reach or exceed levels which are immediately dangerous
to life or health (IDLH), two or more standby persons must be present and equipped with the
appropriate Personal Protective and rescue equipment.

22.14.4. Additional Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

When liquids or vapors containing hydrogen sulfide are present, additional PPE i.e., chemical
suites, gloves, boots, etc. will be used.

22.14.5. Employees Training

All employees working in areas with potential hydrogen sulfide exposures must be properly
trained.

Training will be conducted upon initial employment and repeated annually. Employees must
receive additional training if there is a change in or addition of a process or operation that creates
the potential for exposure. The project Safety department is responsible for tracking and
maintaining employee-training records. Training will include the specific hazards and symptoms
of hydrogen sulfide H 2 S, safe work practices, Personal Protective Equipment, ELECO
Emergency Procedures, and the following hazard information shall be included:

Hydrogen sulfide is a very common air contaminant, found in oil and gas fields and refineries i.e.,
Drilling Operations, recycled drilling mud, water from sour crude wells, bow outs, tank gauging,
field maintenance, tank batteries and wells, processes and process streams etc.

Inhalation is the common route by which hydrogen sulfide enters the body. Able to pass easily
from the lungs to the bloodstream, H 2 S can quickly kill. Exposure to as little as 600 ppm H 2 S
in air for 30 minutes has been fatal; higher exposures can cause immediate death.

Hydrogen sulfide is a neurotoxin, which means it is poisonous to nerve and brain cells. If H 2 S is
absorbed faster or in greater quantities than the body can rid itself of it, it will build up in the
blood and poison the centers in the brain, which control breathing. The lungs stop working and
death due to asphyxiation results. A person can be overcome by hydrogen sulfide and lose
consciousness in seconds. Much more rarely, death results not from the poisonous properties of
hydrogen sulfide but from its irritant properties. If conditions are just right (low exposure levels
for long periods of time). The upper respiratory tract and lungs fill with fluid in response to the
irritation, in effect drowning the victim, even though poisoning of the nervous has not yet
occurred. This is called pulmonary edema.

Although even in low concentrations hydrogen sulfide has the distinct and disagreeable odor of
rotten eggs, poisoning can occur with virtually no warning at all. This is because hydrogen sulfide
in concentrations high enough to kill also quickly numbs the sense of smell. In small doses, H 2 S
causes a wide range of chronic effects. With low level (e.g., 10 - 100 ppm) or repeated exposures,
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headache, dizziness, nausea and vomiting may develop, along with irritation of the eyes and
respiratory tract. Respiratory symptoms include cough, pain in the nose and throat, and painful
breathing. Other symptoms of chronic poisoning include slowed pulse, fatigue, insomnia,
digestive disturbances, cold sweats, eye infections and weight loss.

22.14.6. Monitoring
Prior to entering the area safety personnel will survey the area with air (Gas Tester) monitoring
equipment. Continuous air monitoring will be conducted while employees are working in areas
that have the potential to exceed established exposure levels. Employees shall evacuate the area in
the event a monitor alarm sounds. Employees are not permitted to return to the area until; the area
has been deemed safe by PACE and safety personnel. Proper respiratory and personal protective
equipment has been donned and employees have reviewed and signed off on a RA form developed
to address the changes in the conditions.

23. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

23.1. Introduction
Personal protective equipment is meant to provide protection against the residual hazards of any
work place that cannot be eliminated after implementing other means of control all personal
protective equipment shall be selected depending upon the specific job hazards and used /
maintained in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. All employees shall be given training
on the use and maintenance of personal protective equipment.

23.2. General Requirement

The following hierarchy of control to manage Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) use shall be
applied:

— First: Eliminate the hazard or exposure.

— Second: Substitute materials or equipment to reduce the hazard or exposure.
— Third: Use engineering control of the hazard or exposure.
— Fourth: Use procedural control of the hazard or exposure.
— Fifth: Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
There are several hazards related to construction activities that cannot be suppressed and so,
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) shall be individually worn by each worker, according to the
type of activity to be performed.

ELECO shall be fully responsible for adequately selecting and providing this PPE to their
employees and checking on a regular basis their effectiveness and maintenance in satisfactory
conditions. It is also ELECO responsibility to ensure that Personal Protective Equipment is
properly used and that his employees have received adequate Training for this purpose.

Mandatory Personal Protection Equipment

The minimum mandatory PPE for personnel outside a purely office environment are:

— Hard hat (head protection)

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— Safety glasses with rigid side shields (eye protection)

— Safety-toed shoes/ boots (foot protection)
— Working clothes with long sleeves and long pants or coverall
— Reflective vest
Special protective equipment

Special protective equipment, as identified in the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) and ELECO HSE
Plan, shall be used for any operation involving excess of noise exposure, respiratory hazards (dust,
fumes, vapours, mist), chemical handling, working at heights, abrasive blasting, painting/coating
or other hazardous/toxic material. These special PPE are: ear plugs/ muff, face shields, welder’s
apron for welding operations, respirator, high visibility vest, gloves, and special type of clothing
determined by the hazard and fall arrest equipment.

Particular attention shall be given to determine the correct type of gloves to prevent hand injuries
in each work activity. Hence wearing correct gloves shall be mandatory on most work activities.

When working with chemicals/hazardous substances, refer MSDS for specific PPE guidelines on
handling, transferring, incidental spills, and emergency situations.

23.3. Protective Clothing

At all times while on duty use the overalls provided to them unless the nature of job warrants
specialized clothing sizes of overalls should be selected to ensure a proper fit and sleeves shall
always be kept rolled down. All protective clothing should be maintained in clean and good
conditions.

23.4. Protective Foot Wear

Approved footwear having built-in steel toe caps shall be worn at all times by all personnel at the
construction site to guard against toe injury. Soles of safety shoes shall be oil resistant and non-
slip long rubber boots shall be worn while working in wet areas.

23.5. Head Protection

Safety helmets not only provide protection to user’s head from impact but also from flying
particles and electric shock. Only approved safety helmets shall be worn at all times by all
personnel (including visitors) present at the construction site. Changes or modifications in safety
helmets shall not be made. Safety helmets should be periodically inspected by the user for visible
signs of cracks on shell and damage to suspension system and be replaced it required. They should
be periodically cleaned with mild soap and cold water and shall not be mishandled e.g. thrown
around or used for sitting.

23.6. Hand Protection

Industrial gloves are available in a wide variety to provide protection against heat, electric shock,
corrosive chemicals etc., and the right type of gloves shall be selected to give maximum protection
against the specific hazards of the job. Industrial gloves for hand protection shall be worn at all
times during the course of work except while working with a running rotating equipment because
there is an added risk of entanglement and the hand may be severely injured it the gloves are
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caught by the moving parts. Rubber / PVC gloves shall be used while working on electrical
circuits and handling corrosive / toxic chemicals. Heat resistant gloves shall be used while
welding and handling high temperature material. Hands should be thoroughly washed with soap
and water on removal of safety gloves particularly before meals and at the end of a working
period. Only approved hands cleaning solvents shall be used for cleaning greasy hands. Solvents
like benzene and gas oil etc. shall not be used for hand cleaning.

23.7. Eye And Face Protection

Eye protection is required in a wide range of occupations against flying particles and foreign
bodies, chemical fumes and radiation. The whole face may need protection against mechanical or
thermal irritation and radiation or chemical irritation.

23.7.1. Eye Protection

There are four basic types of eye protections;

— Spectacle type, either with or without side shields

— Eye cup goggles
— Helmet type
— Hand shield type
23.7.2. Face Protection
There are three basic types of face protection

— Hood type (covering the head completely)

— Diver’s helmet type ( shield the whole front face )
— Face shield type (shielding eyes and central portion of Face).

23.8. Hearing Protection

Continuous exposure of personnel to high level of noise exceeding the permissible exposure limit
value (85 dB) for a considerable long period of true may result in some irreversible loss of
hearing. All personnel working in designated high noise area or while using any pneumatically
operated tool with noise level exceeding 85 dB, shall use ear plugs or ear muff for hearing
protection.

23.9. Safety Belts, Harnesses, Lifelines And Lanyards

Safety belts or harnesses shall be worn where the work cannot be safely carried out from a
building or structure or where it is not practicable to provide standard working platforms and
gangways. They shall also be sued when working over or adjacent to water and entering into
confined spaces. Safety belts and harnesses shall be adequately anchored and life lines and lanyard
are used for anchoring the safety belts and harnesses. They provide freedom of movement and yet
arrest a fall.

Only approved safety belts, harnesses, life lines and lanyards are to be used and they shall be
checked before and after use for any physical damage.
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23.10. Safety Net

Safety nets shall be provided, where it is not possible to provide standard working platforms with
guard rails and toe boards, one to special nature of the work being carried out. If it is not
practicable to install a safety net, safety belts or harnesses shall be used. Debris nets to prevent
injury to persons or damage to property from falling objects from height shall be used as required.

23.11. Respiratory Protection

Appropriate respiratory protection shall be used by personnel for entry and work in atmosphere
that contains or is suspected to contain toxic substances and / or is deficient in oxygen. The correct
choice of respiratory protective for any given situation is of utmost importance to provide
adequate protection against the hazards involved. The factors to be considered in selection of
proper respiratory protection are;

— Type of air contaminant and its toxic properties.

— Concentration of contaminant
— Oxygen percentage in the atmosphere.
— Working time period.
— Working location.
— Functional and physical characteristics of respiratory protective device.
The general principles for selecting respiratory protective devices are given in figure. Remember
that filters have a useful lifetime. Follow the specification and do not use the respirator beyond its
stated lifetime. Escape masks and H2S monitoring equipment shall be provided for personnel
working in areas identified as high in H2S. Local or forced air ventilation shall be provided where
required .

23.12. Emergency Shower And Eye Bath

Emergency showers and eye baths shall be provided within the vicinity of corrosive chemicals
being handled. In case of body or eyes contamination, they shall be used for 10 - 15 minutes to
flush off the chemicals. Contaminated clothing should be removed. Emergency showers and eye
baths location shall be identified with a highly visible sign reading eye bath/ emergency shower in
Arabic and English.

23.13. Hazards And Suitable Protection

23.13.1. Visible Radiation
Helmet type or hand shield type protector shall be used in welding operations. Welder’s assistant
shall also use spectacles or goggles type protection

23.13.2. Flying Particles And Other Foreign Bodies

Spectacles with side shields eye-cup goggles, plastic eye shield and face shield shall be used for
protection against foreign bodies.

23.13.3. Chemical Hazards

Goggles with cups of soft pliable rubber shall be used shall be used for protection against
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chemicals. Particular care shall be taken by those who wear corrective lenses to use goggles of an
adequate size to properly fit over the corrective lenses. Tinted or automatically darkening lenses
should not be worn when work tasks require the employee to pass from brightly to dimly lighted
areas. Hood type, diver’s helmet type or face shield mode of plastics shall be used for protecting
the face and eyes form chemical hazards.

23.13.4. Mechanical Hazards:

Hood type shall be used in sand and shot blasting. Helmet and face shield type shall be used for
protection against other mechanical hazards.

23.13.5. Ultra Violet Radiation:

Helmet and face shield type shall be used to protect face and eyes simultaneously from ultraviolet
rays emitted during welding operations.

24. WORKING POSITIONS, TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

24.1. Introduction
The technical development of the construction industry has led to reliance on machines and
technical equipment for much heavy work previously done by hand. There are still many tasks on
site which are carried out using manual labor. Technology changes faster than people and
technological change often exceeds people’s ability to adapt. As a construction worker, you know
the difference between a tool that is well suited for you and for the job, and one that is not. You
also soon become aware of the difference between a comfortable working posture and one that is
uncomfortable. Ergonomics or human engineering is a multidisciplinary way of looking at the
interrelationship between the worker, the workstation and the working environment. Ergonomics
plays a key role in the humanization of work, in increasing productivity, and in improving safety
and health. Even with new and modern technologies a lot of heavy work is still done by hand.
Tools machines and equipment are in many cases old-fashioned, poorly designed or badly
maintained. Many operatives on construction sites are unskilled. Heavy loads frequently have to
be carried up and down stair, ladders and scaffolds, and people working on construction sites often
suffer from low back pain or injury to muscles and joints.

The construction industry has a wide range of jobs and processes. These change according to the
stage of the project. They involve consideration of

— Working positions, both standing and sitting.

— Work which is especially strenuous.
— The use of hand tools and equipment.

24.2. Strenuous And Heavy Physical Work

Continuous heavy manual work increases the rate of breathing and the heart. If you are not in
good physical shape you will tire easily. There are risks involved in working at maximum physical
capacity. The use of mechanical power to replace heavy work helps reduce these risks. Mechanical
power also helps increase the work opportunities for people with less muscle power. On the other
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hand, jobs that require no physical effort are often mentally tiring and boring. It is important that
the workload is not too heavy and changes during the day. Effective rest periods should always be
included in the day’s work.

24.3. Static Loads

The most natural way to work is rhythmically. When sawing with a hand saw, the hand holding the
saw is doing dynamic work and the other hand static work. This “dynamic “load enables the
muscles to alternate between contraction and relaxation. If an object is lifted up and held in this
position, this puts the muscles under a uniform “static” load. Muscles under static load become
tired because they are continually contracted, and after a short time the muscles feel painful. A
static load on the muscles over a long period will also increase pressure on the heart. The pulse
increases because the blood remains in the muscles. On building sites there are many jobs where
the worker is exposed to heavy static loading. Finishing work on walls and ceilings, painting and
electrical wiring work frequently require you to work with arms above your shoulder line and
frequent changes of posture are desirable.

24.4. Working Postures

On construction sites people work in a variety of different positions. Some workers are climbing
up scaffolds; others are using hammers while on their knees, while others are working on surfaces
above their heads. Until recently, little attention has been paid to good working positions. It is
frequently argued that construction work unavoidably requires many different and changing
postures, but it is clear that the principles developed for good working positions in industry apply
also to construction.

Difficult working positions lead to spending longer over tasks and lead to fatigue. For example,
working with one’s arms raised rapidly tires the shoulder muscles and work requiring bending or
twisting can easily cause back strain. A poor working posture translates into a gradual increase in
operation time and an increased possibility of injury or damage to material or equipment.

24.5. Sitting And Standing Positions

Posture is defined by the working method applied and by the tool in use. When considering
posture, you have to take into account the reach and muscular power of the worker involved.
Where possible, work should be done in a sitting position. However, a standing position is often
unavoidable in construction work where high muscular power, greater reach or considerable
movement is involved. A well-designed workstation provides possibilities for the worker to carry
out the operation in many positions and postures, both sitting and standing. It also allows the
worker to walk a little during the working day. Although there are very few fixed sites in the
construction industry, there are many operations where difficult postures can be improved by
simple, low-cost measures. For example, welders often have awkward working postures and a
simple, light three-legged stool or chair is useful.

Points to remember
— Arrange to sit whenever possible.
— Keep materials, tools and controls within easy reach.
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— Make sure you get close enough to task.

24.6. Work In Cabins

Machines with cabins for the operator are frequently used on construction sites. Examples include
excavators, tower cranes, bulldozers and trucks. In recent years, manufacturers of these machines
have paid a great deal of attention to the working conditions of the operator. Regular checking and
maintenance are needed if these conditions are to remain intact over the working life of the
machine.

Here are some key points to check.

— Is there easy access to the cabin

— Are controls in good working order and within easy reach
— Is the construction of the cabin solid, are windows and noise insulation in place, and are
lights working
— Is the operator’s seat in good condition, adjustable and securely anchored
— Is the engine exhaust pipe placed away from the cabin and in good condition
— Are the engine covers and enclosures in place

24.7. Hand Tools

There are many different types of hand tool for different kinds of work, such as shovels, axes,
crowbars, chisels, screwdrivers, hammers and wrenches. In many instances these tools are bought
from an outside vendor without paying any attention to their design or quality.

A good-quality hand tool should be designed to fit the hand and the task it will earn money and
reduce the possibility of accidents. With the proper design of hand tools, work posture can be
improved and stress can be reduced, resulting in an improved quality of work.

Accidents with hand tools nearly always arise from some human failing - carelessness, not
knowing the right tool for the job, ignorance of safety precautions, or failure to maintain tools and
to keep them properly. You need to be correctly instructed in how to use tools and how to look
after them.

24.8. Selection, Use And Maintenance

There are basic considerations in selecting, using and maintaining hand tools;

Avoid static load at the shoulder or arm due to the continuous holding of a tool at a raised position
or the gripping of a heavy tool.

— Avoid awkward wrist angles while using tools such as snips and pliers.
— Reduce uncomfortable pressure on the palm or joints of the hand e.g. from pliers that are
too small.
— Select the correct weight, size and tool for the job.
— Use only tools of good - quality steel - tools made of inferior steel chip and may even
shatter when struck, tool heads mushroom, tool jaws open out and cutting tools lose
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their edge.
— Handles should have a smooth finish, should be easy to grasp and should have no sharp
edges or corners.
— Tools should be firmly fixed and should be regularly checked for splits and cracks;
wedges should be checked for tightness of fit.
— Tools should be kept free of grease and dirt, and moving and adjustable parts should be
well oiled.
— Cutting edges should be kept sharp for accurate working and to avoid the need for
unnecessary pressure.
— For work on or near electrical apparatus only properly insulated tools should be used.
— Tools should be properly stored in boxes, racks, holders or pocket belts and should not
be left, that they can fall, roll or be tripped over; cutting edges should be sheathed.
— Damaged tools should be immediately repaired or replaced.
24.9. Power - Driven Machinery
24.9.1. Hazards
The use of power - driven machinery on construction sites involves many hazards. Common too
many construction machines are in-running nip points where one part rotates against or close to
another. Common examples are cog-wheels, chain and sprockets, belts and cylinder drums, and
ratchet drives. All nip points should be assumed to be dangerous and should be guarded to prevent
approach unless they are enclosed within the machine. Equally dangerous are rotating shafts of
whatever diameter and of whatever speed. A common cause of accident is clothing becoming
caught and wrapped around the shaft. If the shaft is not inaccessible within the machine frame,
then it must be enclosed; a loose tube covering and resting on the shaft is a cheap, convenient and
effective method.

24.9.2. Safety Precautions

When you use power-driven construction tools and machinery, make it your regular practice to
check whether.

— All protective devices and safety measures supplied with the machine are in position,
adjusted and working.
— The machine appears to be safe to use even for an inattentive worker.
— Safety devices are strong enough to with stand wear from ordinary use.
— Safety devices do not prevent efficient use of the machine.
— If you are not satisfied on any of these points, discuss them with your supervisor.

24.10. Circular Saws

Among the most dangerous power-driven machines found on a construction site is the circular
saw, mounted in a bench and used for ripping, deep-cutting or cross-cutting. The main causes of
accidents are;

— Hands coming into contact with the saw blade either above or below the bench;
— Timber being thrown back by the revolving blade;
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— The blade fracturing or disintegrating.

The top of the blade should be covered by a form of hood which is designed to prevent your hands
touching the part of the blade above the wood being cut. It should be adjusted at the front or
leading edge of the saw so that it almost touches the surface of the material being cut, leaving no
space for a hand to pass through. Behind the blade, and set not more than 12 mm from it at bench
level, should be fitted the device called the riving knife. This prevents the cut closing on the back
of the blade causing the material to be thrown back at the operator.

Points to remember
— Never leave the saw running after you have used it.
— Always keep the push-stick at the table.
— Never start cleaning above or under the table until the blade has stopped.

24.11. Compressed Air Tools

If air under compression is allowed to penetrate the skin through a scratch, it can cause painful
swelling and may result in serious damage if directed at the eyes, nose or ears. The most common
cause of accidents with compressed air is its use to dust off clothing at the end of a working shift.
There are also serious injuries caused by workers directing compressed air at a colleague in
horseplay.
24.12. Cartridge-Operated Tools
Cartridge - operated tools, which are used for direct fixing to concrete, brick and steel, should be
fitted with a guard which does not allow the tool to be fired until the guard is accurately positioned
against the work. Head and eye, and hearing protection should always be worn. The area around
the fixing should be cleared of workers in case the material splinters or there is a rejection or a
ricochet of the fixing. Firing against too soft or thin material may allow the fixing to penetrate it
and injure someone on the opposite side. The recoil from firing the tool may cause the operator to
lose balance—it should never be used from a ladder.
24.13. Electrical Equipment
Electrical hazards are different from other types of hazard found in construction work because the
human senses provide no advance warning, whereas an approaching vehicle may be heard, the
prospect of a fall may be seen, or escaping gas may often be smelt. About one in every 30
electrical accidents is fatal. The great majority of electrical accidents result in electric shock and
burns. Fire and explosion from sparks in flammable atmospheres and radiation from electric arc
welding or microwave heating are also possible causes of injury.
24.13.1. Electric Shock
The danger from electric shock is directly related to the amount of current that passes through the
body and to the time that it takes to pass. At lower levels, the effect may be no more than an
unpleasant tingle, though perhaps sufficient to throw a worker off balance and cause a fall from a
scaffold or ladder. Medium amounts because increasing muscular tension, so that anything in the
grasp can scarcely be released - a condition which can quickly become dangerous. Higher
amounts can cause fibrillation of the heart (irregular contractions of the muscles), which is almost
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invariably lethal. The passage of current can also cause burning of the skin at the points of contact.
Severe burns can occur, too, from exposure to an electric shock without actual bodily contact.
Damp and wet conditions greatly increase the danger of electric shock. It is the voltage that
determines the current through the body. Since reduced voltage reduces the severity of electric
shock, it is common sense to use reduced voltage of 110 V wherever possible.
The main causes of electric shock are as follows:
— The earth or ground wire becomes disconnected from its plug terminal and touches a
live terminal so that the metal case becomes live;
— Wrong connections are made to terminals on the plug or the equipment;
— Damaged or missing covers on fuse and terminal boxes, or on socket outlets, expose
bare live conductors;
— Flexible cables are damaged when they are dragged over sharp surfaces or run over;
— Makeshift repairs are made to flexible cables with insulating tape alone.
24.13.2. Electrical Installations
Electrical installations should be dealt with and serviced only by competent electricians. All forms
of electrically operated equipment should be regularly checked and maintained in accordance with
the manufacturers’ printed instructions. If equipment appears faulty, do not tamper with the
electrical part but send for an electrician. Wires and cables to fixed machines should be attached to
walls or ceilings, and should not trail over the ground where they are particularly susceptible to
damage and to moisture. Do not tie power cables in knots which can cause short circuits and
shocks; loop the cable instead. If you are operating a fixed machine, an emergency stop device
should be located within your reach.
Before using electrical equipment:
— Inspect it for any defects;
— Check that the correct plug and fuse have been fitted—never use makeshift connections
to equipment, or to plugs, by sticking bare wires into sockets or contacts;
— Check that the insulation covering wires and cables is not worn or broken;
— Check that there is a good electrical connection at each joint of the earthling system.
— If an accident is caused by contact with electricity, switch off the current immediately.
— Never work on live wires or cables.
24.13.3. Portable Electrical Tools And Equipment
Double-insulated and all insulated tools are safer than ordinary tools because they incorporate
layers of protective insulation to prevent external metal parts from becoming live.
If you use portable power-driven tools, you need to be properly trained in their maintenance and
use.
Before operating a portable tool, check it to ensure that:
There is no damage to the portable leads and plugs—they are subject to heavy wear on
construction sites
There is a correct fuse.
— The tool is set at the right speed for the job.
— Leads and cables are kept out of the way of other workers and are not in contact with
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water.
— When you finish using the tool, make sure that the moving part is fully stopped before
you put it down.
— Never carry a portable tool by its cable.

24.14. Welding And Cutting

The welding and cutting of metal, using both the electric arc and oxyacetylene methods is a
process widely used in construction.
24.14.1. Electric Arc Welding
Danger from welding is not only to the welder doing the job but also to those working nearby. The
risks include eye damage, skin injuries, burns and the inhalation of toxic gases.
The following precautions are necessary:
— The welder and anyone assisting should wear suitable protective goggles or use a face
mask or shield to protect the eyes and face from invisible ultraviolet and infrared rays
given off by the welding arc.
— Goggles must also be worn when carrying out weld chipping to protect the eyes from
flying pieces of slag.
— The welder should wear protective gloves long enough to protect wrists and forearms
against heat, sparks, molten metal and radiation. Leather is a good insulator.
— The welder should wear high-top boots to prevent sparks from entering footwear.
— The work area should be screened off with study opaque or translucent materials so that
other workers cannot see the arc.
— The work piece should be well earthed, and all equipment should be earthed and
insulated.
— Precautions should be taken against starting fires from sparks from the work area;
burning particles are capable of starting a fire 20 m away.
— It is not enough to protect the welder—think of others working nearby who can see the
arc.
— Always switch off the current to the electrode holder when you put it down.
— Remove matches and lighters from your pockets.
24.14.2. Gas Welding
Acetylene and oxygen are normally used in gas welding. The cylinders should be stored separately
since any mixture from gas leakages could be highly explosive. They should be kept away from
any source of heat and shielded from direct sunlight. If not stored outdoors, the store must be well
ventilated. The cylinders in use should be retained upright in a rack or trolley and not left free-
standing. Flashback arresters should be fitted to the cylinder regulators and non-return valves
fitted in the hose connectors at the torch end.

The gas hoses should be in good condition and easily distinguished. They should be protected
against heat, sharp objects and dirt, especially oil and grease. These substances can, even in small
amounts, cause an explosive ignition in the event of a leak in the oxygen hose. All joints,
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especially on the cylinders, should be kept tight. If an acetylene cylinder becomes accidentally
heated, shut off the valves, raise the alarm, clear the area of personnel, apply water (if possible,
totally immerse) and send for the fire brigade

Points to remember
— Turn off all valves on completion of work.
— Never use oxygen to blow dust from clothing.
24.14.3. Fumes
Welding in a confined space, the use of some types of welding rod, or welding on certain painted
metals may cause an accumulation of toxic gases and fumes. If local ventilation cannot be
arranged, the welder should be provided with respiratory protection and a supply of fresh air.
Welding carried out on metals covered with alloys of lead, cadmium, mercury or zinc may lead to
a build-up of dangerous fumes requiring exhaust ventilation. Fumes may also be produced from
paint and plastic on the surface being welded, and they should first be cleaned off.

24.14.4. Liquefied Petroleum Gases

Liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) are commonly butane or propane, or a mixture of both LPG,
usually sold under trade names, is widely used on construction sites and is a frequent cause of
accidents. A leakage of liquid from a cylinder immediately vaporises and, because it is heavier
than air flows along the ground and collects in drains, excavations, and other low-lying places. As
it takes only 2 percent of the vapor in air to form a flammable mixture, if leakage occurs in a
confined space there is a high risk of explosion. Whenever LPG is used indoors, there must be
good ventilation.

24.14.5. Storage
LPG stores should conform to the following standards:

— Where LPG cylinders are stored on site, it should be in an open-air compound at ground
level surrounded by a fence at least 2 m high; there should be sufficient shelter to
prevent cylinders being exposed to extremes of temperature.
— There should be no excavations, drains or basements nearby.
— The compound floor should be paved or compacted level, and kept clear of flammable
material, weeds or rubbish.
— Cylinders should be kept at least 1.5 m from the compound fence and 3 m from the site
boundary.
— Cylinder should never be stored below ground level or closer than 3 m to cylinders
containing oxygen or materials which are toxic or corrosive, e.g. ammonia or chlorine.
— There should be notices stating “LPG - Highly flammable “and prohibiting smoking and
naked lights.
— Cylinders, full or empty, should be stored upright with the valve uppermost.
— The valves of empty cylinders should be kept closed, for it they are left open; air will
diffuse into the cylinder and may form an explosive mixture.
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— There should be a dry powder fire extinguisher at the store.

A fire close to a cylinder may cause the LPG to boil and the cylinder to explode, with disastrous
consequences.

24.14.6. Handling
— When handling LPG cylinders, you should take account of the following points:
— A damaged or leaking valve can have serious consequences
— When cylinders are not in use, valves and regulators should be protected by appropriate
caps.
— When moving cylinders use trolleys, skids or mats and never lift by the valve
assemblies.
— Before using a cylinder, ensure that all joints are gas tight by using soapy water and a
brush.
— If a leakage is detected, move the cylinder as soon as possible to an open space and
inform your supervisor at once.
— Cylinders used for heating huts should be kept outside the building.
— If, when lighting a burner, the match or taper goes out before the burner ignites, turn off
the burner valve before lighting another match or taper.
— Whenever you are not using the cylinder, turn off the valve.

25. VEHICLES
25.1. Causes Of Accident
The underlying cause of most site traffic accidents is the failure to plan a safe system of work and
to train workers how to follow it.

— However the common immediate causes are one or a combination of the following
factors;
— Bad driving techniques which include reversing blind.
— Carelessness or ignorance of special hazards, e.g. work near overhead power lines or
excavations.
— Carrying unauthorized passengers.
— Poor maintenance of vehicles.
— Overloading or bad loading.
— Site congestion.
— Poor traffic layout.
— Lack of proper roadways combined with uneven ground and debris.
25.2. Safety Precautions
Transport may include trucks, tipper Lorries, tractors and trailers, and small dampers. As a driver
you must be properly trained and if you take a vehicle on or across public road you usually need to
possess a national driving license. It is good practice for all drivers to possess a driving license in
any case. Training should include instruction on negotiating steep slopes so that you know, for
example, that you should drive a vehicle up and down the slope rather than across it, whenever
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practicable. Routes should be levelled, marked and planned in such a way as to avoid potential
hazards such as overhead power lines and steeply sloping ground. Where possible a one-way
system should be used. Speed limits should be required and clearly displayed; they should be
reduced for adverse site conditions and for areas near work in progress. If routes have to approach
overhead structures or overhead power lines, contact with them can be avoided by erecting
warning barriers of the goal post type the crossbar should be of rigid material, preferably timber,
and painted in two contrasting warning colours. In the case of power lines, there should be a
barrier on both sides of the line and set at least 6 m horizontal distance away, if you are operating
a crane in the area of overhead power lines, make sure that arrangements have been made in
advance with the power company for power to be diverted or cut off whenever the crane is in use.

Workers are frequently struck by vehicles travelling backwards when the driver’s rear view is
obscured. Enlist the help of another worker before you reverse and keep him in view at all times.
If no one is available, walk round to the rear of the vehicle yourself to see that all is clear and give
a sound signal before starting to reverse. Many vehicles now have an audible warning device such
as a horn or warning hotter which sounds when reverse gear is engaged, but as a driver you should
not rely on this alone. An unattended vehicle should have the engine switched off and unless the
vehicle is on a marked incline the gear should be left in neutral and the hand brake on, on sloping
ground the wheels should also be chocked. Tipping bodies should be lowered when the machine is
unattended, but if it is occasionally necessary to leave them in the raised position they should be
blocked to prevent their fall.

Foot injuries to drivers and their assistants during loading and unloading are common, and you
should wear safety boots or shoes. Maintenance of vehicles falls into three categories.

A daily check by the driver of water, oil, fuel, lights, inflation of tires and brakes – remember the
acronym WOFLIB;

— A weekly check by a fitter;

— Periodic servicing to the manufacturers’ requirements.
— A written record of maintenance and repairs should be kept on site.
— Keep your vehicle tidy and the cab free from tools and material which might obstruct
the controls.
— Keep to speed limits.
— Do not carry unauthorized passengers.
25.3. Overturning
Falls of vehicles into excavations or openings occur frequently when vehicles get too near the
edge of an excavation and cause the side to cave in, or when in tipping materials over the edge the
driver approaches too close and cannot stop in time. The precautions are barriers, banks men and
fixed stops, as discussed in Section12. Construction vehicles are often basically unstable and
liable to overturn, and it is therefore important not to turn at an excessive speed. Vehicles such as
tractors and lift trucks should be equipped with protection to prevent the driver being hit by falling
objects and from being thrown from the cab in the event of overturning.
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Points to remember
— If your vehicle begins to topple over, remain in the seat and do not try to jump clear.
25.4. Loading
Loads within the capacity of the vehicle should be evenly distributed and properly secured, and
should not project beyond the plan area of the vehicle. If some degree of projection is
unavoidable, it should be clearly shown by the attachment of flags. Uneven loading can cause a
loss of control when cornering or braking, and insecure loads may swerve or fall off the vehicle
during travel. The body of a tipper lorry should always be lowered before you drive off.

Loading and unloading should be an integral part of driver

— Use the steps if fitted, otherwise use the wheel rims to dismount from the cab; do not
jump.
— Never mount or dismount from a moving vehicle.

26. CRANE OPERATION AND LIFTING SAFETY

26.1. Cranes
Before a crane is used on site, management should consider all the factors that could affect its safe
use, such as:

— The weight , size and type of load it will have to lift;

— The maximum reach or radius required of it
— Restrictions on use such as overhead power lines, the state of the site and the type of
ground
— The need for trained operators and signalers.
26.2. Erection
Both the erection and dismantling of cranes should be done by skilled workers under the
immediate direction of a competent and experienced supervisor. The manufacturer’s instructions
should be closely followed

26.3. Signalling
Crane operators and signallers must be over the age of 18, and trained and sufficiently
experienced. There should always be a signaller, or a signalling system such as a telephone, if the
crane operator cannot see the load throughout the lift. Hand signals should be clear and distinct,
and should follow a recognized code or system.

26.4. Overloading
Overloading, causing vital parts to be stressed beyond rated capacities, can easily occur when
neither the operator nor the supervisor is able to estimate the weight of material to be lifted, which
is likely in the case of odd-shaped items. An operator who is not properly trained may then lower a
load at too high a speed so that when the brake is abruptly applied the jib snaps. All cranes should
be marked with their safe working load which must not be exceeded during the use of the crane. In
the case of cranes with a directing jib that is with a variable operating radius the safe working load
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should be shown for every radius of the jib. Winches and pulley blocks should be similarly
marked.

26.5. Safe Load Indicators

All jib cranes should have an automatic safe load indicator which alerts the operator, usually by a
light, just before safe working load is reached, and warns both the operator and others nearby,
usually by a bell or hotter, if the safe load is exceeded. The safe load indicator is an aid to safe
crane operation, but does not guarantee it. For example, it does not take into account the effect of
wind or soft ground conditions. If you are lifting a load that you know or believe to be close to the
safe working load, do not proceed immediately to a full lift. Rather raise the load a short distance
and stop to check the stability of the crane before continuing with the lift.

Remember that if a load is allowed to swing or is lowered rapidly, the radius of the jib may be
increased unintentionally by flexing of the jib. Some indicators operate also as an overload cut-
out. Never bypass the indicator in order to lift an overload.

Points to remember:
— If you cannot see the load all the time, you need a signal man.
— Beware of exceeding the safe working load when trying to free a stuck load.
26.6. Inspection And Maintenance
Cranes are subject to wear and tear which may not be easily detected for example bolts and similar
parts may be subject to metal fatigue. Cranes should be tested and examined by a competent
person before they are used on a construction site, and subsequently inspected at regular intervals
in accordance with government requirements.

The manufacturer’s recommended programs of operator checks and maintenance should be

followed and any damage or defect should be reported to the supervisor. Never use a crane if you
think it unsafe. Particularly susceptible components are wire ropes, brakes and safety devices. The
constant contact of wire ropes with the sheaves on the jib accelerates wear. Brakes are in constant
use and need to be checked, adjusted or renewed regularly. Safe load indicators and other safety
devices such as overload cut-outs and limit switches are often susceptible to breakdown under site
conditions and are sometimes deliberately disconnected.

26.7. Mobile Cranes

A mobile crane is inherently unstable and is liable to overturn if used on incompact ground or on a
slope. Remember that rain can soften the ground and sites which are not level impose strains on
the crane which may lead to unintentional overloading.

From your training as a crane operator you should understand the advantages and limitations of
outrigger settings and be aware of the dangers of failing to use them. Lifting outdoors may be
made more difficult or hazardous by the wind. Make sure that there is adequate clearance for the
crane’s jib or boom and counterweight from traffic and fixed structures such as buildings, and that
no part of the crane or the crane load will be closer than 4 m to live overhead power lines.

All cranes should be fitted with a safety hook designed to prevent accidental dislodgement of the
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load if it fouls something or meets an obstruction during the lift

Points to remember:
— Is there a safety hook fitted
— Is there adequate clearance for the crane’s jig or boom
— Make sure there are no drainpipes beneath the outrigger pads.
26.8. Tower Cranes
To prevent overturning, a tower crane must either be anchored to the ground or securely
counterweighted or ballasted. If the crane is rail mounted, remember that the rail tracks cannot be
used as an anchor, because ballast material maybe moved, a diagram of the counterweight or
ballast should be fixed to the crane, and the ballast should be checked against this whenever the
crane is erected, and after bad weather.

Make sure that equipment such as slings and chains used with the crane does not clutter access
ways or ladders and is well clear of any machinery in which it may become entangled. Loads must
be lifted vertically, as any out-of-vertical lifting may result in crane collapse. Never lift loads
having a large surface area in windy conditions.

The crane must be positioned to ensure that the crane jib or boom is free to wind vane or turn
through 360° around the tower. Crane manufacturers specify the maximum wind speed at which
tower cranes may be safely used.

Points to remember:
— Never climb up the tower or get onto the boom while the crane is in use.
26.9. Cranes Used In Demolition
A cast-steel ball or weight suspended from a crane jib is an extensively used method of
demolition. Cranes as such are not designed for extremes of shock loading likely to arise when a
demolition ball is in use and therefore should be used only to drop the ball vertically on a free fall
for such operations as breaking up concrete slabs. They should not be used for swinging the ball.

Excavators which are convertible to cranes are designed for drag-line operations which impose a
shock load and are more suited to use with a ball. The excavator manufacturer’s recommendations
as to weight and attachment of the ball should be followed. Generally, the weight of the
demolition ball should not be more than 33 per cent of the machine’s safe working load and not
exceed 10 per cent of the hoist rope’s minimum breaking load. All parts should be inspected twice
daily, and a high standard of maintenance is necessary. As an operator you need to be familiar with
demolition balling and should be protected from debris by a protective structure with safety glass
or metal mesh.

26.10. Lifting Appliances Used As Cranes

Machines such as excavators, back-hoe diggers and front-end loaders are used as cranes when
they handle loads suspended by slings. The precautions previously advised for mobile cranes
apply in general, although a safe load indicator and a radius indicator are not generally fitted if the
load lifted is kept below 1 ton. Whatever the load, you should ensure that the machine can safely
lift and place it exactly where needed.
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26.11. Slings And Ropes

Only slings and ropes which have a marked safe working load should be used. Pad sharp corners
of the load to prevent damage to the sling and make sure you have screwed home the shackle pins.

Points to remember:
— Make sure the load you are lifting is properly secured.
26.12. Good Hoists
The goods or platform hoist used to raise materials and equipment vertically to successive levels
as construction proceeds is probably the most widely used item of mechanical handling
equipment. It consists of a platform which is driven either from a rope winch or by a rack and
pinion with the motor and gearbox mounted on the platform. The principal dangers are of falling
down the hoist way from a landing on the platform, being struck by the platform or other moving
parts, and being hit by materials falling down the hoist way.

26.12.1. Erection
The erection, extension and dismantling of hoists is a specialized job and you should carry it out
only under the charge of a competent supervisor. The tower or mast of the static hoist needs to be
securely tied to a building or scaffold and maintained vertical, so that no undue stress is imposed
on the tower, with consequent misalignment and interference with the platform. Mobile hoists
should be used only to a maximum height of 18 m unless a greater height is specified by the
manufacturer.

26.12.2. Operation
To prevent the hoist operator, who should be trained and aged at least 18 from moving the
platform while someone is trying to load or unload materials, the controls need to be set up so that
the hoist can be operated from one position only. Make sure that from this position the operator
can see all landing levels clearly. If this is not possible, a signalling system must be used during
loading and unloading. There should be overhead protection for the operator if, as is usually the
case, he or she is at ground level.

26.12.3. Loads
The platform should be clearly marked with its safe working load and the platform should not be
overloaded. Barrows should not be overfilled, and their wheels should be checked or secured so
that they cannot move about on the hoist platform while it is moving. Loose bricks or other
materials should never be carried on an open hoist platform. No one should be allowed to ride on
the platform and there should be a notice on the platform forbidding riding.

26.12.4. Carriage Of Persons

Lifts for the carriage of persons need to be especially constructed and installed for the purpose,
with such features as mechanical and electrical interlocking devices on the cage and landing gates.

26.12.5. Testing And Examination

Every hoist should be tested and examined after installation, and checks made on the arrester and
overrun devices. Weekly recorded checks should then be made by a competent person
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Points to remember
— Place barrow handles facing the direction of the offloading exit when loading the
platform on the ground.
— Never ride on the platform of a good hoist.
— Keep the landing gates closed whenever you are not loading or unloading.
— Make sure the platform is stopped at the landing level before you step onto it.
26.12.6. Causes Of Accidents
Gin or pulley wheels are a common and inexpensive way of lifting small loads a limited distance.
The most common accidents occur when:

— The pole on which the wheel is mounted relies on a single support. Two supports are
always required.
— The hoisting rope is not fitted with a properly made safety hook - hooks made of bent
reinforcing rod are dangerous.
— The hoisting rope is worn, chafed and no longer serviceable.
— The bucket or load strikes the scaffold or building, tipping out its contents.
— The load is too heavy or is not secured.
— An appliance mounted on a roof does not have a secure anchorage to prevent
overturning there should be a safety factor of at least 3.
26.12.7. Safety Measures
The following precautions should be taken:

— If liquid is transported in a bucket, there should always be a cover

— When you are hoisting the bucket, always use gloves to protect your hands;
— If the height of the pulley is over 5 m, a ratchet and pawl mechanism should be
considered ;
— Where the pulley is mounted near the edge of a roof or floor, guard-rails and tow boards
are required ;
— If two or more of you are lifting, one should give instructions to ensure that the team
works together.
Points to remember:
— Make sure that the load you are lifting is properly secured.
26.13. Manual Handling
The handling of raw materials and building components is an integral part of the construction
process.

Manual handling of loads and materials is still very common. Many workers carry out heavy
lifting and carrying operations during much of the working day. Next to falls, manual handling is
the most common cause of construction accidents.

The proper mechanical handling of materials can ensure that work flows smoothly, and helps to
avoid delays and damage. In manual materials handling too, one can apply techniques and ideas
which increase efficiency and are not expensive. These “low-cost” solutions most frequently arise
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from local needs and experience.

When approaching the problem of safe manual handling of materials there are three important
questions you should ask:

— Can mechanical equipment be used in place of manual handing

— Can the load be lightened or suitably shaped for manual handing
— Have you been trained in proper methods of lifting and carry
26.13.1. Lifting And Carrying
Almost one-quarter of work injuries occur during manual handling, which are strains to the hands,
legs, feet and back. Much construction work involves heavy manual labour and workers not in
good physical condition tires easily and is more susceptible to injury. You should know your
physical capabilities and only tackle jobs you can reasonably handle. It is important, too, to have
been trained in the right techniques of lifting and carrying. Look after your own welfare by:

— Putting the load on wheels if you can instead of carrying it ;

— Using mechanical handling equipment if you have been trained to use it;
— Wearing the right equipment for the job such as safety boots;
— Checking the weight of the load before lifting;
— Not lifting loads higher than is necessary;
— Checking that there are no overhead power lines or obstructions when you are carrying a
long load such as scaffold tubes or reinforcing rods;
— Removing or securing loose objects on the load;
— Getting assistance if the load is too heavy or awkward for you to handle on your own;
— Making sure that there is a clear walkway to your destination and a safe stacking place;
26.13.2. Lifting Technique
The size, shape and structure of the material will largely determine how easy or difficult manual
handling will be. Well-designed and well-placed handles are of great help. Whenever you lift a
load, follow the following procedure:

— Stand close to the load on a firm footing and with feet about 30 cm apart.
— Bend the knees and keep your back as straight as you can.
— Take a firm grip on the load.
— Breathe in and throw the shoulders backwards.
— Straighten the legs, continuing to keep the back as straight as you can.
— Make sure that your view is not obstructed by the load.
— Keep the load close to the body.
— Lift slowly and smoothly.
— When carrying a load, avoid twisting the spine to turn; move your feet instead.
— If two or more of you are lifting, one should give instructions to ensure that the team
works together the right and wrong ways to lift a load.
Points to remember:
— Correct lifting and carrying calls for training and practice.
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26.14. LIFTING AND RIGGING SAFETY

26.14.1. General Requirements
Lifting equipment are constructed or adapted to be suitable for the purpose for they are used or
provided for, and in regard to the working conditions and risks to health and safety in the place
where equipment will be used.
These activities will be always held in the presence of a supervisor.
One only experienced / specialized person will be entrusted to check all of the equipment and to
direct the operations.

26.14.2. Appointed Person:

The appointed person’s duties are to include the following;

— Being familiar with the relevant parts of the project Health and Safety Plan where lifting
operations are to be carried out on a site where CDM (construction design and
management) regulations apply.
— Being familiar with the relevant parts of the project Health and Safety Plan where lifting
operations are to be carried out on a site where CDM (construction design and
management) regulations apply.
— Assess the lifting operations to provide such planning, selection of cranes, lifting
accessories and equipment, instruction and supervision as is necessary for the task to be
undertaken safely. (where works are on a shared site or where logistics may be
restrictive co-ordination with others will be required)
— Ensure that adequate inspection / examination and maintenance of the equipment have
been carried out prior to its use.
— Establish an effective procedure for reporting defects and incidents and taking necessary
corrective action.
— Takes responsibility for the organization and control of the lifting operation.
— Ensure the crane supervisor is fully briefed in the contents of the lift plan / method
statement etc.
The appointed person is able to delegate his duties to another person but the responsibilities still
remain the appointed persons.

Crane Supervisor
The crane supervisor role is to direct and supervise the lifting operation and ensure that these are
carried out in accordance with the relevant method statement / lift plan. The crane supervisor
should be competent and suitably trained and must be experienced to carry out all relevant duties.
The crane supervisor has authority to stop the lifting operation if he considers it dangerous to
proceed.

Crane Coordinator
The crane coordinator’s role is to plan and direct the sequence of operations of the cranes to
ensure they do not collide with other cranes, loads and other equipment and buildings (the role of
crane coordinator in case of multi-cranes working and intersecting each other).
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Crane Operator
The crane operator is responsible for the correct operation of the crane in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions and within the safe system of work.
The crane operator is to respond to a single singer / signaller at any given time and these must be
identifiable to the operator. Should any person near a lifting operation give the recognized stop
signal the operator must cease lifting operations immediately and confirm what actions are
required from the slinger / signaller. The crane operator must report any defects to the appointed
person immediately. The driver may report defects etc. direct to the fitters etc. but the appointed
person must still be made aware of this action).

Slinger/Signaller
The slinger / signaller is responsible for the attaching and detaching of loads to and from the crane
load lifting attachment and ensuring that the correct accessories are used for that operation in
accordance with the planning of the operation. The slinger / signaller is responsible for the safe
movement of the crane and clear direction must be given whether visual or hand signals. Where
more than one slinger / signaller is required, clear instruction must be given when passing
responsibility over to the next slinger / signaller. The slinger / signaller is to store lifting
accessories in a suitable place when not being used and prior to reusing an accessory he must
visually inspect it before use. The slinger / signaller must notify the appointed person of any
damaged equipment immediately.

26.14.3. Strength And Stability

— Lifting equipment shall be of adequate strength and stability for each load, having
regard, in particular, to the stress induced at its assembling or fixing place.
— The combination of forces to which the lifting equipment will be subjected should be
taken into account as well as the weight of any associated accessories used in the lifting
operation. A competent person should ensure that the strength and stability of the lifting
equipment continues to be adequate for the tasks that the equipment is intended to be
used for.
— Appropriate, suitable, effective measures to provide sufficient resistance to overturning
must be taken in order to ensure the adequate stability of the lifting equipment. Where
there is a significant risk of overturning and/or overloading arising from the use of the
equipment it should be provided, where appropriate, with equipment or devices such as
rated capacity indicators and rated capacity limiters. These devices shall provide audible
and/or visual warning when the safe lifting limits are being approached.
Positioning And Installation
Lifting equipment should be positioned or installed in such a way to reduce as low as is
reasonably practicable the risk that either the lifting equipment or the load strikes persons or
properties; either from a swinging, or free falling or unintentionally released load.

Requirements Of Lifting Accessories

The main requirements related to lifting accessories are as follows:
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— They are of good construction, sound material, and adequate strength and free from
latent defects.
— The safe working load (SWL) must be displayed or, for lifting accessories, plainly
marked on it; only items listed or marked may be used in a lifting operation. The safe
working load can NEVER be exceeded.
— Before being put on service all items must be tested and thoroughly examined, by a
competent person, at six-monthly intervals during service.
— Registers must be kept giving details of equipment.
Marking Of Lifting Equipment
— Lifting machinery and accessories are clearly marked to indicate their safe working
loads.
— Where the safe working load of a lifting machinery depends on its configuration the
machinery is clearly marked to indicate its safe working load for each configuration; or
Information, clearly indicating its safe working load for each configuration, is kept with
the machinery.
— Lifting accessories are also marked in such a way that it is possible to identify the
characteristics necessary for their safe use.
— Equipment, which is designed to lift persons, shall be appropriately and clearly marked
to this purpose.
Thorough Examination And Inspection
Contractor must ensure that lifting equipment is thoroughly examined after installation and prior
to service. Also it must be ensured that lifting equipment, usually exposed to

conditions causing deterioration, is periodically examined, and: In accordance with an

examination scheme Every time exceptional circumstances, liable to jeopardize the safety of the
lifting equipment, occurred; If appropriate to the purpose, is inspected by a competent person at
suitable intervals between thorough examinations.

26.14.4. Training
All persons using, supervising or managing any lifting equipment must be trained on HSE issues.

Reports And Defects

A person making a thorough examination must:

— Notify the Contractor any defect in the lifting equipment which in his opinion is or
could be a danger to persons, environment and properties.
— As soon as practicable make a report of the thorough examination, in writing, to the
Contractor.
— Owner/User of lifting equipment, who has been notified of any defects, must ensure that
the lifting equipment is unused before the defect is rectified and a load test is done on
the equipment
Use & Maintenance
— In addition to the pre-operational checks to be conducted by the operator before the
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commencement of the work, a system of regular maintenance by competent persons

must be implemented and records kept and logged. They should be operated within
defined safe operating limits, e.g. the limit radius, load and height. Equipment should be
properly maintained according to manufacturer’s‟ instructions on inspection,
maintenance and servicing. In addition to these checks, which should be carried out by a
competent person on a routine basis, the operator should carry out a daily safety check.
— A record of all checks and repairs carried out should be retained.
— All of lifting accessories shall be arranged and organized after each use, before storage.
These activities will be always held in the presence of a supervisor. One only
experienced /specialized person will be entrusted to check all of the equipment’s and to
direct the operations.
26.14.5. Lifting Equipment
Only slings and other lifting accessories for which a valid report of thorough examination has
been issued within the previous 6 months are to be used. Lifting accessories should be clearly
marked with the rated capacity and have an identification number for record purposes.
Lifting equipment must be visually inspected before use with any defects being reported
immediately. When lifting equipment is not being used it should be stored in secure dry
conditions, preferably by hanging on a rack where they cannot get tangled or contaminated.

Chain And Sling Capabilities

There is a misconception regarding the capability of chain slings and below is a simple guide
taken from the Duplex brochure.
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Using the chains at different angles and hitching the chains results in a reduction of the working
ability of the chain sling and examples are shown below.

Heavy Lifting Plan / Study

All of the heavy lifting will be carefully studied and, case by case, a lifting plan wil l be issued
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before the lifting will be carried on.

27. MATERIAL STORAGE

Materials are stored in covered warehouses, yards, lay down areas (i.e. fenced and free) and in
construction site for immediate use. All storage areas will be periodically inspected in order to
ensure appropriate material storing is being done and no hazards exist. Material handling shall be
done adopting all necessary precautions such as appropriate load handling, adequate equipment
use, etc.

In order to maintain orderliness and good housekeeping, only materials that will be consume or
utilized in one week shall be delivered on site. All materials delivered on site shall be marked
with the present delivery date. Any material stayed more than a week shall be returned to the lay
down area.

Materials shall be stored in accordance with the following rules:

— Materials shall be piled so as to ensure safe accessibility to them.

— Maintain an access of 60 cm foot path to access any of the stored material.
— If stored on shelves, these shall be provided with adequate resistance.
— Fire prevention and fire-fighting equipment shall be provided when necessary.
— Materials shall not obstruct temporary or existing emergency roads/exits.
— All material should be piled in the place set aside for it and choked or tied to prevent
rolling or falling.
— Stoppers shall be provided on pipes or other rolling material.
— Before stacking or piling material, it must be considered how the material will be taken
out of the pile. For example, a fast moving operation with a big tonnage being unloaded
in a short time, it shall be sure to leave space for workers and the equipment that will
have to do the work.
— Material storage (i.e. pipe spools, structural beams) on scaffolding is not allowed unless
it is designed for the purpose.
— Never pile material in such a way that it will endanger anyone who has to work on it or
will make a backbreaking job for the worker who breaks down the pile. Other issues to
consider are:
– The strength of the support to pile material on a floor or platform.
– The stability of the ground to pile a heavy load.
– The height of the pile so it won’t topple.
– The need for building racks to stack pipe or rods.
– The necessity of waiting for the proper equipment to handle structural steel
and other heavy material.
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28. CHEMICAL AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES

28.1. Introduction
A great many chemical substances are used in construction - there is hardly a site without them.
They are found in adhesives, cleaning agents for brickwork and stonework, decorative/protective
treatments for timber and metals, floor treatments, fungicides, cements and grouts, insulates,
sealants, paints, solvents and much else. Of particular importance are solvents, which are liquids
commonly, used in paint strippers, lacquers, varnishes, surface coatings, thinners and similar
cleaning materials

28.2. Chemicals And Their Risks

Many chemicals are hazardous, with a potential for fire and explosion, or toxic, with an inherent
potential to cause poisoning. Toxic substances cause both acute effects, such as dizziness,
vomiting and headaches, produced in a short time by exposure to solvents, and chronic effects
resulting from exposure over a long period as in lung diseases such as asbestosis and silicosis.
Contact dermatitis may result from the contact between the skin and some chemicals. Acids and
alkalis are corrosive and can damage both skin and eyes.

28.2.1. Entry Into The Body

A chemical can cause injury in various ways depending upon whether it is solid or liquid, or in the
form of airborne dust, vapor, fumes or gas.

28.2.2. Inhalation Or Breathing In

This is the most important route of entry. Some toxic gases and vapors cause irritation in the nose
and throat and so give warning of their presence; others do not, and penetrate to the lungs or blood
stream. It is the smallest dust particles, those not visible to the naked eye, which reach furthest into
the lungs. Inhaled dust accumulates in the lungs, producing changes and causing an incurable
disease called “pneumoconiosis”. Breathlessness and inability to work are the eventual
consequence. Some dusts such as quartz and asbestos destroy the lung tissue and may lead to the
development of tuberculosis or cancer.

28.2.3. Ingestion Or Swallowing

This is possible when you handle chemicals such as lead-based paints and then eat or smoke
without first washing your hands, when toxic vapors contaminate cups, plates or eating utensils, or
when you eat meals at the work site.

28.2.4. Absorption Through The Skin

Some solvents can be absorbed through the skin into the bloodstream and may travel to internal
organs such as the brain and liver. Contact dermatitis or eczema frequently results from the contact
between the skin and some chemicals. Acids and alkalis are corrosive and can damage the skin
and the eyes on contact. Unless large amounts of water are used at once to rinse the substance off,
serious burns will be caused.

Points to remember
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— Some chemical hazards are easy to see or smell. However, there are also chemicals that
you cannot see or smell, and which therefore present an extreme danger.
28.3. Preventive Measures
Accidents and ill health from the use of chemicals can be prevented if you know what chemicals
you are using and the risks they pose, and follow the established safe practice in handling them.
Generally, there is an order of priority in the measures for dealing with hazardous chemical
substances.

— Substitute the chemical with a harmless or less hazardous one.

— Enclose the process using the chemical, or provide other engineering controls such as
exhaust ventilation, this is often difficult in construction processes.
— Use personal protective equipment (PPE).
— If the use of hazardous chemicals cannot be avoided, Here are some basic safety
measures you can adopt to protect yourself from danger.
— Keep containers of chemicals in a separate and secure store.
— Because two containers look the same, do not assume that they contain the same
material.
— Make sure there is a label on the container - if there is no label, and then do not use the
contents.
— Make sure you understand what it says, then follow the instructions.
— If the information is not sufficient to tell you how to handle the chemical safely, ask
your supervisor for the chemical safety data sheet and do not use the chemical until you
have seen it, if you do not understand it, ask questions until you do.
— Check that you are wearing the correct PPE before you handle chemicals (the chemical
safety data sheet should say whether you need gloves, eye protection, protective
clothing, rubber boots or respirators) and that the equipment is in good order.
— When opening containers, hold a rag over the cap or lid as some volatile liquids tend to
spurt up when this is released; transfer the contents of containers in the open air.
— Avoid breathing in any fumes from chemicals provide good ventilation, or work in the
open air. Leave the work area immediately if you feel dizzy or unwell.
— If you are using large quantities of solvents, wear impermeable clothing. Remove any
clothing wetted by solvents and leave it to dry in a well-ventilated place.
— Use the smallest quantity of chemicals that is necessary for the particular job.
— Eye protection should be worn when chemicals are being moved or transferred on site.
— When mixing or pouring chemicals using temporary containers, make sure they are
suitable and correctly labelled. Never use food or drink containers.
— Wash before you eat and do not eat or smoke at your workstation.
— If the skin is splashed with a chemical, it should be rinsed immediately with plenty of
clean running water. Eyes should be flushed out thoroughly with water and should
receive immediate medical attention.
— If you are burned by a chemical or feel unwell after using a chemical, seek medical
attention without delay.
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— If there is a spillage of chemicals on the ground or floor, report the matter at once so that
the right action can be taken, such as soaking it up with dry sand.
28.4. Highly Flammable Chemicals
Many chemical substances used in construction are highly flammable as well as toxic. The
following precautions should be followed when handling or using them.

— Study the label and the instructions on the chemical safety data sheet about safe
handling and first-aid measures.
— Remember that all flammable liquids give off vapors which travel unseen into the air
and are easily ignited. Never smoke if there are flammable chemicals in the area. Find
out what action to take in the case of fire.
— Keep containers in the store until required for use, and return them there when you have
finished with them. Store drums upright.
— Treat empty drums with as much care as full ones- they will still contain flammable
vapor.
— Always transfer the contents of large containers to small containers in the open air.
— Use funnels and spouts to prevent spillage .Soak up any spillage with dry sand and
remove the contaminated sand to a safe place in the open air.
— If you cannot avoid using highly flammable liquids in an enclosed area, make sure there
is an adequate supply of fresh air, this can usually be achieved by opening windows and
doors to the full. If it is necessary to use a fan, check that the fan is electrically safe to
use in a flammable atmosphere.
28.5. Hazardous Substances
28.5.1. Cement
Cement mixes are a well-known cause of skin disease. Both irritant and allergic contact dermatitis
can result from proximity to wet cement. Prolonged exposure to wet cement (for example, if you
kneel or stand in it) may cause cement burns or ulceration of the skin. The following precautions
should be taken:

— Avoid breathing in cement dust, as well dust created by the surface treatment of
hardened concrete which may contain high silica content, by wearing suitable
respiratory protective equipment.
— Protect the skin from contact by wearing long-sleeved clothing and full-length trousers,
with rubber boots and gloves when required.
— Protect the eyes; if any cement gets into the eyes, rinse them immediately with plenty of
warm water.
— Immediately wash off any dust or freshly mixed cement that gets on to the skin.
— Clean off your clothing and boots after work.
28.5.2. Lead
Inorganic lead is found in many construction products, e.g. electricity cables, pipes, gutters and
old lead sheet roofs. Organic lead is added to motor fuels and storage tanks will be heavily
contaminated.
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There is a risk to health from inhaling dust or fumes created by burning or cutting materials
containing lead, including painted surfaces, by welding, by grinding or cutting, and by spray
painting of leaded paints. Lead can be absorbed when swallowed, usually when food is
contaminated. Organic lead compounds are readily absorbed through the skin.

Excessive lead absorption causes constipation, abdominal pain, anaemia, weak muscles and
kidney damage. It can also affect the brain, causing impaired intellect, strange behaviour, fits and
coma. If you work with lead in any form, you should take the following precautions.

— Wash your hands regularly, and always before eating, you are at higher risk if you
smoke with lead on your hands.
— Use the protective clothing and respiratory protective equipment which should be
provided whenever lead levels exceed national control limits.
— Wear work clothing on the job and store your “street” clothing where it cannot be
contaminated by your work clothing.
— Wash thoroughly and if possible change out of work clothing before you leave the site,
otherwise you may be taking dangerous dust and dirt into your home

29. SIGNS AND BARRICADES

Barricades consist of warning “soft” barricades (i.e. barricade tape) and protective “hard”
barricades (i.e. guardrails).

Physical barriers will be erected to provide protection against hazards and dangers, hazardous
work areas and hazardous work in all cases where the hazard or danger will exist. It is mandatory
to post signs, signals or warning barricades necessary to advise personnel of hazardous conditions
in work areas. Signs and warnings shall be in the project official language when required and/or
use pictogram to communicate hazard.

Barricade tape will be used:

— With physical barriers to increase the visibility of the barrier and to indicate the type of
hazard that exist.
— To rope off low risk hazards that will not take longer than 8 hours to remove all hazards
and make the area safe.
— Where people are stationed outside the hazardous work area to help control accidental
entrance into that area while performing short duration work.
The barricade tape shall be erected far enough back from the hazard to allow adequate warning
and protection from the hazard. It will be the responsibility of the SUBCONTRACTOR installing
the barricade tape to maintain it as long as the hazard is present. Different types of barricade tape
will be utilized to indicate Warning /Caution (i.e. Yellow/ black); Danger (i.e. Red Tape) or
Radiation (i.e. Magenta (purple)/ yellow). Barricade tape does not offer physical protection for
floor edges, roof edges, floor openings, trenches, excavations, etc., and shall not be used for
physical protection. It is mandatory to observe and adhere to all warning signs, signals, and
barricades on site.
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30. EXCAVATION
30.1. Introduction
The construction work involves some form of excavation for foundations sewers and underground
facilities. Excavations or trenching work can be highly dangerous and even some of the most
experienced workers have been caught by the sudden and unexpected collapse of the unsupported
sides of a trench / excavation, Buried under a cubic meter of soil , you will be unable to breathe
due to pressure on the chest and quite apart from any physical injury you will quickly suffocate
and dye Soil varies in its nature ( e.g. fine sand which flows easily and stiff clay which is more
cohesive) However, no soil can be relied upon to support its own weight and precautions always
need to be taken to prevent the collapse of the sides of an excavation of more than 1.2 m in depth.

30.2. Causes Of Accidents

The main causes of accidents resulting from excavation are as follows;

— Workers trapped and buried in an excavation owing to collapse of sides due to lack of
inadequate or weak shoring.
— Collapse or fall of adjacent building or structure due to improper shoring.
— Workers struck and injured by material falling into the excavation.
— Workers falling into the excavation due to lack of barriers or inadequate fencing.
— Unsafe means of access and insufficient means of escape in case of flooding.
— Falls through unsafe means of access into or out of excavation.
— Workers being struck by excavating machinery e.g. the bucket of the excavator.
— Workers working too close together.
— Vehicles or plant machinery too close to the edge, causing the sides to collapse.
— Vehicles being driven into the excavation particularly while reversing.
— Striking of underground services e.g. electricity /communication cables and oil/gas
pipes.
— Asphyxiation due to engine exhausts gases that have collected at the bottom of the
excavation.
— Asphyxiation by carbon dioxide that can be present in excavations caused by air
stagnation through lack of ventilation, especially on low wind days.
30.3. Safety Precautions
Position of underground services shall be marked and prevented from damage.

— Exposed pipes and cables shall be supported in an open excavation. They shall not use
to support equipment, material or as steps to get in and out of excavation.
— Proper shoring shall be installed to prevent the collapse of the sides of excavation and
adjacent building and Infrastructure. All material to be used in strutting and shoring shall
be inspected by supervisor in charge of excavation before their use.
— All material, plant machinery and excavated soil shall be kept clear of excavation by
minimum 600 mm (2 ft.) to prevent fall in injuries.
— All excavations shall be suitably barricaded to avoid the hazard of persons and vehicles
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falling into them.

— Warning notices and flashing lights should also be provided
— All excavations shall be adequately illuminated at all times.
— Excavation which involves road closing, approval shall be obtained from traffic dept.
prior to commencement of work. Sketch showing the alternate routes and details of
barricades, traffic warning signs and lights shall also be submitted for approval.
— All walkways across any excavation shall be of scaffold construction with hand rails.
— Safe means of access and aggress, such as a properly secured ladder, shall be installed.
— Proper personal protective equipment shall be worn by men working in an excavation.
— Before commencement of daily work, timbering and shoring shall be checked for strain
or slackness by supervisor in-charge of the excavation.

31. UNDERGROUND PIPING INSTALLATION

31.1. Installation Of Underground Pipe
Before starting the works, it must be sure that there are no buried pipelines or cables which are no
included in the drawings.

— Prior to lowering the pipe line, supervisor and surveyor shall ensure the trench
excavation is as per approved drawing, trench bottom shall be firm and give inform
support for the pipe and that all foreign material, debris sharp object that will be harmful
to pipeline coating shall be removed.
— In case of needed tie in activity, it shall be done at highest ambient temperature.
— During the execution of excavation works it is necessary to minimize the time between
cutting and filling of trenches, in order to avoid disintegration of the boundary wall
surfaces and their slow widening.
— The piping arrangement, fit-up, welding shall be done in accordance with the relevant
drawing and inspection.
— During excavation, should any cables, wires or other installations not belonging to the
works covered by this specification appear, shall report them to the Project Engineer.
— Internal pressure tests as specified for each type of installation, in the respective
standards and specifications, are required and the installations shall not be accepted
without them
— All test shall be made in the presence of the Project Engineer/QA/QC Inspector and
before any painting, covering protection of joints and fittings.
— After the execution of tests, cleaning, protection, inspection and eventual repairs, the
piping network shall be covered up.
— Excavation shall be backfilled only after the permanent works therein have been
approved, with a suitable material in layers, each layer being thoroughly watered and
compacted in accordance with the specification.
— Final measurements and survey data that are required for the completion of as- built
drawing shall be recommended prior to back filling
— No mechanical rammer shall be used within 30 cm of the top of any pipe or surround
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and material shall not be dropped from a height.

31.2. Accident Prevention Safety Procedures
— Area shall be barricaded adequately with warning barriers prior to any lift.
— All equipment shall be checked for good conditions before commencing the work.
— Unauthorized persons shall be excluded from the area.
— Lifting equipment capacity and correct load slinging will be verified.
— When lifting, the personnel shall not remain in the lifting equipment work area.
— Adequate standards shall be adopted for the construction of stages, planks, scaffolds,
etc.
— Adequate caution boards and warning signs shall be provided.
— All lifting equipment shall have valid certificates.
— Only trained and authorized personnel shall operate the hydraulic lift.
— All lifting gears and shackles used shall be approved type with valid load test
certificates.
— Electrical installations and equipment shall conform to standards.
— Trained fire watchers shall be appointed as per requirement.
— Sufficient fire extinguishers shall be provided close to the welding, cutting and other hot
works.
— Welding areas shall be covered with fire blankets.
— Consumable materials within 15 meters of welding operation shall be cleared.
— Application, maintenance, storage of electric, and oxygen cutting welding units shall
conform to applicable standards.
— Do not stand under suspended loads.
— On completion of job, the area shall be cleared of any materials and keep clean and tidy.
— Hazard analysis for hazardous operation shall be carried out prior to commencing the
works

32. BACKFILLING
32.1. Backfilling And Removal Of Excess Soil
Estimate the excavated stuff to be re-utilized in filling, gardening, preparing roads, etc. As far as
possible try to carry excavation and filling simultaneously to avoid double handling. Select and
stack the required material in such a place that it should not obstruct other construction activities.
The excess or unwanted material should immediately be carried away and disposed off by
employing any of the following methods.

— Labor
— Tractor
— Trucks
32.2. Quality Checks For Backfilling
— Recording initial ground level
— Sample is approved for back filling.
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— Necessary marking/ reference points are established for final level of backfilling.
— Back filling is being carried out in layers (15cm to 20cm).
— Required watering, compaction is done.
— Required density is achieved.
— Barricades/Signs will be provided sufficiently and maintained, as precautionary
measures during the entire stage of construction, to protect the work, workmen and
safety of the public. In case of precaution against failure of lights, barricades will be
equipped with suitable reflecting material.
— Prior to using any machines/equipment at site, ensure that they will be inspected and
certified by qualified person
— Periodic Preventive Maintenance will be made on all equipment and machines.
— Operators and drivers are to be equipped with valid driver’s/operator’s license or permit
from concerned government agency. Working in the night time and/or during rain will
not be allowed.
— Only authorized drivers or operators will be allowed to operate machines or equipment.

33. CONCRETE, FORMWORK AND MASONRY WORKS

— Formwork shall be designed, erected, supported, braced and maintained so that it will
safely support all vertical and lateral loads that may be imposed upon it during
placement of concrete.
— ELECO shall ensure that all formwork supports are constructed according to project
requirements and legislation. As far as practicable, steel units shall be used.
— Where the Work requires a timber supporting structure, the timber used shall be of
suitable quality and adequate strength. No protruding nails shall be allowed from timber
formwork that may result in safety incidents during construction and dismantling.
— Personnel involved in concrete pour shall wear at all times proper PPE such as gloves
and face shield. Personnel not engaged in the pour operation shall stay clear of the pour
area and personnel engaged will not be under or in proximity of form work.
— Light concrete mixer machine without automatic shutdown in case guards are disabled
are not permitted on Site. In case the guar shall be removed the machine shall be turned
off and de-energize in accordance with a LOTO permit.

34. SCAFFOLDING
34.1. Introduction
Falls of persons from a height, and similarly of materials and objects, represent the most serious
safety risk in the construction industry. A high proportion of deaths are caused by falls. Many of
the falls are from unsafe working places or from unsafe means of access to working places.
Scaffolding can be defined as a temporary structure supporting one or more platforms and which
is used either as a workplace or for the storage of materials in the course of any type of
construction work, including both maintenance and demolition work. Where work cannot safely
be done from the ground or from the building or structure being worked upon, then there should
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always be suitable and sufficient scaffolding. This must be properly constructed of sound material
which is of adequate strength to provide you with both means of safe access and a safe place of
work. There are many different materials used to construct scaffolding, such as steel, aluminum,
wood etc. Whatever the material, the principles of safe scaffolding remain the same; that it should
be of adequate strength to support the weight and stress which the processes and workers will
place upon it, that it is securely anchored and stable, and that it is designed to prevent the fall of
workers and materials. The design and erection of tubular metal scaffolding, which is increasingly
found world-wide, is taken as the example in this section.

34.2. Independent Tied Scaffolds

An independent scaffold consists of a platform resting on horizontal tubes, usually called
transoms, which are fixed at 90° to the face of the building and which are secured at both ends to a
row of uprights, or standards, and to horizontal tubes, often called ledgers, running parallel to the
face of the building. An independent scaffold, although it must be tied to the building or structure,
does not rely on it for its strength. The uprights of the scaffolding should be placed on firm and
level ground and the base plates at their feet should rest on timber sole boards. These help to
ensure that the load carried by each upright is distributed over a fairly large area and so prevents
the upright from sinking into the ground and affecting the balance of the scaffold. Never use
material which can shatter or move, such as bricks and broken paving stones, as support for
uprights.

Uprights should be kept equidistant and should be connected and strengthened by ledgers fixed on
the inside of the uprights, for strength, joints in ledgers should be staggered. Transoms should be
set on top of ledgers and at right angles to them and the building or structure. Horizontal distances
between transoms at working platform level will depend on the thickness of the boards you are
using, and which rest on them. For 38 mm thick boards, transoms

Should be spaced so that no scaffold board overlaps by more than 150mm (6 in.) or less than 50
mm Ledgers and transoms should not project more than is necessary beyond the general outline of
the scaffold, or they become a danger to pedestrians or passing vehicles. Bracing is essential to
stiffen the scaffold and prevent sideways movement, and it should run diagonally from ledger to
ledger or upright to upright. Braces may run parallel to each other or rise in zigzag fashion, if
bracing has to be removed for the passage of workers and material. This should be only within one
lift and it should be immediately replaced.

34.2.1. Ties
Make sure that the scaffold is tied or anchored to the building or structure at suitable intervals so
as to prevent movement. Remember that the effect of wind is greater on a sheeted scaffold, and
can cause a scaffold which is not adequately tied to move away from the face of the building and
collapse. Ties may need to be removed in the progress of the work (e.g. for the installation of
glazing), but this should be done one at a time with the first tie replaced before the next is
removed. It may then be necessary to use at different form of tie. As a rough guide, the area of
scaffold per tie should not, generally, be more than 32 sq. m reduced to 25 sq. m for a sheeted
scaffold.
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34.2.2. Working Platforms And Gangways

The scaffold boards which make up a working platform should rest squarely and evenly on
transoms to prevent the risk of tripping. Where the ends of boards meet, transoms must be doubled
and so spaced that no board overhangs by more than four times its thickness. Too much overhang
will cause the board to tip if you step on it, while too little - less than 50 mm - will mean that it is
easily dislodged. Normally, each board should have three supports to prevent it bending or
sagging. The space between the edge of the working platform and the face of the building should
be as small as possible. The width of a working platform should be sufficient for the work which
is to be carried out form it, and recommended widths are:

— Not less than 60 cm if used as footing only.

— Not less than 80 cm if used also for the stacking of material.
— Not less than 1.1 m if used for the support of a trestle platform. Gangways or runs
should be of adequate width for their purpose and should preferably be horizontal. If the
slope exceeds 20 0, or the surface is likely to become slippery with rain, laths should be
fixed at 90 0 across the slope, allowing a small central gap to accommodate
wheelbarrow wheels. Finally, precautions must be taken to prevent boards lifting in high
winds.
34.2.3. Guard-Rails And Tow Boards
The provision of secure guard-rails and tow boards at every point at which you may fall more than
2 m is critical if falling accidents are to be prevented. Both should be fitted on the inside of the
uprights. Guard-rails should be between 90 cm and 115 m above the platform to prevent you from
easily falling over or under the rail. Toe boards, which are also intended to prevent material being
knocked over the edge of the platform, must rise at least 15 cm above the working platform to
achieve this, and if materials are stored to greater than this height then additional boards may be
necessary or the space filled in with wire mesh if guard-rails and tow boards are removed for the
passage of materials, replace them as soon as possible.

34.2.4. Single Pole Or Putlog Scaffolds

— A common type of scaffold for smaller jobs is a single pole or putlog scaffold which
consists of a platform resting on horizontal putlogs (called transoms in independent
scaffolds) fixed at 90 0 to the face of the building. The outer ends of the putlogs are
supported on horizontal ledgers fixed parallel to the face of the building and secured to a
single row of uprights or standards, also parallel to the wall the flattened inner end of the
putlogs rests flat on the wall, or in holes in the wall, rather than on ledgers. It follows
that the scaffold cannot stand without the support of the structure. Putlog scaffolds are
mostly used where brick structures are being built. The same principles of good
construction as for independent scaffolds are generally applicable.
— A good base for the single row of uprights is essential and the base plates for each
upright should again rest on a timber sole board - a sole board should be long enough to
support at least two uprights. The uprights should be not more than 2 m apart and set at
1.3 m from the wall to allow for a five-board platform. Ledgers should be connected on
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the inside of the uprights, at a vertical distance of not more than 2 m - a lesser distance
may be necessary for some types of work - and left in position as the scaffold rises. 
— Putlogs should rest on and be secured to the ledgers at horizontal gaps depending on the
thickness of the beards used - of not more than 1.5 m for boards of 38 mm - while their
flattened, or spade, ends should lie on the brickwork, or enter the wall of a depth of at
least 75 mm. For re-pointing old brickwork the spade ends can rest vertically in joints in
the brickwork. Typing into the building is of even greater importance than with
independent scaffolds, as putlogs can easily work loose in brickwork. In this type of
scaffold, bracing along the face and to the full height of the scaffold is required. Bracing
should be at an angel of about 45 0 to the horizontal and at 30-metre intervals. The
requirements already described for the construction of working platforms and gangways
and for the erection of guard-rails and tow boards apply equally to putlog scaffolds.
— A scaffold should not be left partly constructed or dismantled unless adequate notices
warning against its use are displayed and all points of access are blocked off. With both
types of scaffold, there is often a need to provide sheeting, boarding, netting, fans or
brick guards to prevent materials falling from the scaffold into the street or public
places. Scaffolding is often easily accessible from the street and positive steps such as
the removal of access ladders should be taken to prevent children climbing a scaffold,
particularly after the close of the working day.
Points to remember
— Where you cannot work safely from the ground or from part of the building, it is better
to use a suitable scaffold than a ladder.
— Use a scaffold only for the purpose for while it has been provided and make sure it is
securely anchored or tied to the building;
— Do not overload the scaffold. In particular, do not load it with plant and materials unless
it has been erected for this purpose. Never keep materials on the scaffold unless they are
needed for work within a reasonable time.
— Make sure that timber used in scaffolding is not painted or treated so that defects cannot
be seen.
— Do not use bamboo that show signs of rotting or being infested by insects, also examine
the ropes for early signs of decay; avoid using material about which there is doubt.
34.3. Tower Scaffolds
A tower scaffold consists of a platform resting on horizontal ledgers connected to four uprights,
supported on base plates if static or on castor wheels if mobile ( figure 13E ) It is devised for
painters and others who do lightweight work of limited duration mainly in one place.

34.3.1. Causes Of Accidents

Accidents can happen when a tower topples over. This is likely to happen in any of the following
cases:

— The ratio of the height of the tower to the width of the base is excessive.
— The top working platform is overloaded causing the tower to become unstable.
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— A ladder is placed on the top platform to extend the height of the tower;
— work involving percussion tools produces an outward horizontal or lateral force at the
top of the tower;
— A mobile tower is moved with persons or materials carried on the top platform;
— The tower is used on sloping or uneven ground;
— The tower is not tied to the building or structure where this is necessary;
— Access to the platform is via the outside of the tower;
34.3.2. Height Limitations
The first precaution with tower scaffolds is to achieve stability for this the ratio of height to base
width should not be more than 41 for a static tower which you are using indoors. For a 35.1, while
for a mobile tower used outdoors it should not be more than 3.1. Any loading on the platform will
raise the centre of gravity of the tower and too great a load will endanger its stability. Static towers
should not exceed 12 m in height when free-standing, and above this height they should be tied.
Mobile towers should not exceed 9.6 m in height when free-standing or 12 m when tied to a
structure.

34.3.3. Structure
Towers should be vertical, have a single platform and be used only on a firm and level base, with
the uprights of static towers ion adequate base plates. Dimensions will vary according to need but
corner standards should never be less than 1.2 m apart. The uprights of mobile towers should have
castor wheels of not less than 125 mm in diameter which are locked into the base of the uprights.
The castor wheels should be fitted with locks or brakes which cannot be accidentally released, and
you should ensure that the brakes are applied whenever the tower is stationary.

34.3.4. The Working Platform

The platform should be equipped with a cover for the ladder access opening which is able to be
fixed in both open and closed positions with a latch. This prevents an accidental step into the
opening. The cover should be provided with a suitable handhold to provide support when you are
climbing through the opening Guard-rails and tow boards will be necessary for the sides of the
working platform, erected as for independent scaffolds. The ladder provided for access to the
working platform should be positioned inside the tower as a precaution against overturning

34.3.5. Movement
Never move a mobile tower with persons or materials on the working platform. Move the tower
by pushing and pulling at the base and not by towing with a vehicle.

Points to remember
— Tie the tower into the adjacent structure wherever possible.
— Use the locks on the wheels whenever the scaffold is in use.
— Never climb a mobile scaffold unless the wheels are locked and on level ground.
— Keep the material on the platform to a minimum.
— Keep towers away from overhead electrical supply lines and check that mobile towers
are free of overhead obstructions before moving them.
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— Avoid using a tower in windy or severe weather conditions.

34.4. Trestle Scaffolds
Trestle scaffolds are simply working platforms supported on “A” frames or a similar type of
folding support. Remember that trestle scaffolds, whether the trestles be fixed or folding in type,
should be used only for light work of comparatively short duration. Folding trestles should be used
only for scaffolds of one tier in height and the working platform should be at least 430 mm (two
scaffold boards) wide. One - third of the height of the trestles should be above the working
platform Fixed trestles should not be used for scaffolds of more than two tiers in height and where
the working platform is more than 2 m high guard-rails and tow boards should be provided.
Trestle scaffolds are not suitable for a work situation where a person is liable to fall a distance of
more than 4.5 m from the platform. As with the other types of scaffold, trestle scaffolds should be
set up on a firm and level base and firmly fixed so as to prevent displacement. Make sure the
trestles are adequately braced to ensure rigidity and to resist lateral movement Trestles should be
no more than 1.35 m apart when boards 38 mm thick are used, and 2.45 m apart if 50 mm boards
are used. Wider spans are possible if proprietary staging is used and such staging is generally
preferable to scaffold boards.

Inspect the trestles before use and reject them if they have defective components such as loose or
damaged cross bearers, broken or damaged hinges including missing screws or bolts, or damaged
or split stiles.

Points to remember
— Never use odd lengths of board to make up the working platform.
— Always sit to work if you can do so.

34.5. Suspended Scaffolds

Suspended scaffolds are used most frequently for work on tall buildings or structures above busy
streets, or in other situations where it is not feasible or economic to build a scaffold from the
ground. Suspended scaffolds are of two main types;

— Suspended platforms, hinged or independent.

— Cradles. All are suspended from the building or structure by means such as outriggers,
tracks and parapet hooks.
Typical accidents on all types of suspended scaffold occur because of

— Difficulty getting in and out of the suspended cradle;

— Insufficient or poorly secured counterweights,
— Failure of suspension ropes;
— Poor maintenance;
34.5.1. Access To The Scaffold
Normal access should be at either ground or roof level. If at roof level the guard-rail of the
platform (or cradle) should be at roof or parapet level and only one person at a time should enter
or leave the platform
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34.5.2. Suspension Ropes

To safeguard against the consequences of a rope failure, a fall arrest device operating on a
secondary safety rope should be sued. All ropes should be thoroughly examined by a competent
person at least once every six months.

34.5.3. The Platform

The working platform or cradle should be inspected before each use and at least once a week. The
safe working load should be clearly marked on it.

34.5.4. Erection And Training

Whatever type of suspended scaffold is used, the services of a competent person able to supervise
construction and subsequent use is required. Erection should be carried out only by an experienced
person. The only people who should work from a suspended scaffold are those who have been
trained in the use of the equipment and of its safety devices and who are aware in practical terms
of its safe working load and of emergency procedures. Remember that if you work on a suspended
scaffold you should always wear an approved safety harness with a lifeline securely attached to
the building.

Points to remember:
— Do not work on a suspended scaffold unless you have been trained to do so.
— Never climb up or down the suspension ropes to get into or out of the scaffold or cradle.
— Always wear safety harness with a lifeline security attached to the building.

35. LADDERS
35.1. Limitations
If you are thinking of using a ladder, remember that if properly used it.

— Enables only one person to climb or descend at any one time;

— Enables only one person to work from it at any one time;
— If not lashed at the top, requires two workers for use – one on the ladder and the other at
the bottom
— Leaves only one hand free, carrying tools or loads up a ladder is difficult and dangerous
and the weight which can be carried is severely limited. There is also the risk of
dropping items on passers – by
– restricts movement
– has to be safely situated and secured
– has a limitation on heights at which it can be used
35.2. Secure Your Ladder
More than half of ladder accidents are caused by the ladder slipping at the base or at the top. So
make sure that you stand the foot of your ladder on a firm and level base. Never wedge one side of
the ladder up if the ground is uneven. If possible, level the ground or bury the foot of the ladder. If
the ground is soft, put down a board. Never support the ladder by carrying its total weight on the
bottom rung - only the stiles or side members are meant for this.
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The head of the ladder should rest against a solid surface able to withstand the loads imposed on
it; otherwise use a ladder stay. Whenever practicable, tie or lash your ladder at the top - someone
should hold the ladder at the foot while you do so. If this is impracticable, secure the ladders at the
bottom by tying it to stakes in the ground or by using sandbags If neither is practicable, a fellow
worker should be at the foot of the ladder to prevent it slipping while you are working from it, but
this precaution is only effective if the ladder is not more than 5 m in length. Your fellow worker
should face the ladder with a hand on each stile and with one foot resting on the bottom rung. The
use of non-stop pads on ladder feet helps to prevent ladders slipping at the base.

Point to remember
— Make sure your ladder is lashed or footed before you climb it.
35.3. Safe Use Of Ladders
Safe use means observing the following precautions:

— Make sure there are no overhead power lines with which the ladder might make contact
— Wooden ladders with wire-reinforced stiles should be used with the wired side facing
away from you. Wire tie rods should beneath and not above the rungs.
— The ladders should extend at least 1 m above the landing place, or above the highest
rung on which you have to stand, unless there is a suitable handhold to provide you with
equivalent support (figure 14A). This is to prevent the risk of over-balancing when you
step off and on at the top.
— You should be able to step off the ladder at the working place without being required to
climb over or under guard-rails or over tow boards. However, keep the gaps in guard-
rails and tow boards as small as possible.
— Never use a ladder which is too short, and never stand it on something such as a box,
bricks or an oil drum to gain extra height.
— Place the ladder at a safe angle of about 75 0 to the horizontal that is about 1 m out at
the base for every 4 m in height.
— Ladders longer of 4m are not allowed.
— Always raise and lower extension ladders from the ground and make sure that hooks or
locks are properly engaged before you start to climb.
— Make sure that your footwear is free from mud or grease before you begin to climb a
ladder.
— If possible, carry your tools in your pockets or in a holster or bag when you climb
ladders so as to leave both hands free to grip the stiles.
— Try not to carry materials while you are climbing ladders - use a hoist line instead.
— A common cause of accidents is overbalancing or overreaching, so do not be tempted to
stretch too far instead move the ladder.
Points to remember
— Make sure that your ladder is long enough for the job.
— Avoid carrying tools or materials in your hand while you are climbing ladders.
— Clean your footwear before climbing.
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35.4. Care Of Ladders

Proper care of ladders involves the following measures;

— Ladders need to be inspected regularly by a competent person and damaged ladders

removed from service.
— Timber ladders should be checked for splits or cracks, splintering or warping, metal
ladders for mechanical damage. Look for missing, loose or worn rungs.
— Ladders should be capable of being individually identified, e.g. by some form of
marking.
— Ladders not in use should not be left on the ground so that they are exposed to weather,
water and impact damage. They should be properly stored on racks under cover and
above ground and ladders over 6 m in length should have at least three support points to
avoid sagging.
— A ladder should not be hung from its rungs or from one stile as this tends to pull out the
rungs.
— Timber ladders should be kept in areas with good ventilation which is free from
excessive heat or dampness.
— Timber ladders and equipment may be coated with transparent varnish or preservative,
but should not be painted as paint conceals defects.
— Aluminium ladders should be given an adequate protective coating when they are likely
to be subject to acids, alkalis or other corrosive substances.
Points to remember:
— Always inspect your ladder before you use it.
— Remove damaged ladders from use and make sure that they are properly repaired. If
they cannot be properly repaired, they must be destroyed.
35.5. Stepladders
Stepladders should be spread to their fullest extent and used on a level surface. They should be
placed at right angles to the work whenever possible. Work should not be carried out from the top
platform or tread of a stepladder unless there is an extension to provide an adequate handhold. The
strings, chains or cords used to prevent stepladders from spreading should be of sufficient and
equal length and kept in good order. If you use a stepladder in a doorway, make sure the door is
wedged open.

36. WORK AT HEIGHTS

36.1. Safety Procedures
Working at heights is defined as a person working at any level where there is a potential for a fall
from, through or into any place or thing. This may be:

— Above ground level

— At ground level
— Below ground level
Hard barricade for fall protection shall be required where there is a potential for a fall from an
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edge above 1.8 m. Control measures to manage the risks of working at any height shall be
identified by risk assessment (JSA). As a minimum, employees shall comply with 100% Fall
Protection Policy that states: “Whenever employees are working from an unprotected elevation of
1,8 meters or more, fall-arrest/protection equipment (i.e. approved harness with shock absorbing
lanyards tied to appropriate anchorage) must be worn.” Not following the 100% Fall Protection
Policy may result in disciplinary action up to and including dismissal.

When the work at height is less than 1.8 meter, signs shall warn of the risk of falling and physical
barrier or other protective means shall be considered by the Site HSE Manager depending on the
work and work conditions/ area.

Impalement protection caps shall be used for rebar ends or other impalement hazards exists
where personnel may be working above those hazards.

The following general considerations shall be taken into account when working at heights:

— All materials, equipment and tools used at heights shall be secured from falling when
not in use.
— Assembly of parts and equipment shall be performed at ground or floor levels as much
and as far as reasonably possible and practical in order to minimize the duration of
works at elevated heights and thus exposure of workers.
— In situations where a fall could result in impalement or other injury (i.e. working over a
hot process, operating equipment, rebar), fall protection equipment shall be used
regardless of the potential falling distance.
— Fall protection systems shall be installed, inspected and maintained by a competent
person.
— Fall protection devices and systems shall not be used for any purpose other than
employee safeguarding.

37. HOT WORKS

Hot work is defined as any work that generates sparks, flames and/or heat. Hot work includes, but
is not limited to, welding, cutting, burning, grinding, and any related heat producing jobs that
could ignite combustible materials or flammable gases /vapors. It also includes the use of non-
intrinsically safe electrical tools and instruments, work on live electrical circuits, opening of live
explosion proof enclosures or use of spark or heat producing devices inside classified areas.

Flammable and combustible materials shall not be stored temporarily or permanently in close
proximity to work areas. Hence, tarpaulins used for sun shades and wind screens shall be flame
retardant have low flame spread properties.

38. CONFINED SPACE

Access to confined spaces without prior work permit is strictly prohibited.

A confined space is defined as a fully or partially enclosed space that is not designed and
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constructed for continuous human occupancy, has limited or restricted means for entry or exit, and
where there is a risk of injury or health effect from hazardous substances or conditions.

Confined spaces include storage tanks, process vessels, bins, boilers, ventilation or exhaust ducts,
sewers, underground utility vaults tunnels, pipelines, basements and temporary wood framing
covered with plastic.

The risks on confined spaces shall be reduced applying the hierarchy of controls as outlined
below:

— Eliminate the need for confined space Works.

— Avoid the need for respiratory protection or skin protection for confined space work by
eliminating or minimising flammable, toxic, asphyxiate or other hazards through
emptying, flushing, clearing, and ventilating. Avoid the need for hearing protection, fall
protection, lifelines or other types of personal protective equipment by removing or
controlling hazards.
— Specify respiratory protection and/or other protective equipment and apply working
methods that reduce the exposure time of people in the confined space. Any Inert entry
into any confined space requiring additional risk mitigations shall be approved by
CONTRACTOR. Entry into confined spaces, with respiratory protection, shall only be
approved when the source, nature and concentration of the hazardous atmosphere are
understood.
On Site signs shall be posted to alert employees of areas that have been classified as confined
spaces and access to them shall be restricted unless with the necessary permit.

Prior to entrance, confined spaces shall be properly emptied, cleaned and ventilated so as to
eliminate toxic gases or vapours.

An authorised person for gas testing shall be assigned who must carry out the gas test before the
permit to work is issued. The test must be documented and provided with the permit.

39. PIPING WORKS

39.1. Welding And Cutting
This Procedure provides safety and health instructions regarding gas and electric welding, cutting,
brazing, or similar flame or spark-producing operations to protect personnel and property against
heat, evolved gases and fumes, electrical shock, and radiation.

This plan shall apply to all employees responsible for planning, supervising, and conducting
welding and cutting operations.

— Gas welding and flame cutting shall only be performed by competent persons who hold
a valid certificate issued by a recognized organization.
— Unless adequate precautions are taken, no welding or cutting operations shall be allowed
near places where combustibles materials are stored or near materials where explosive
or flammable dust, gases or vapors are likely to present
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— Combustible materials and structure that cannot be removed from the vicinity of
welding operations shall be shielded or protected by other suitable means.
— Adequate ventilation will be provided as a protection against toxic gas. Plenty of fresh
air is essential when welding in confined spaces on a galvanized material.
— If cutting and welding is required in a hazardous area, then no cutting or welding will be
undertaken except when authorized.
— Suitable fire extinguishers must be made available for instant use when cutting or
welding near combustible materials.
— Gas cylinders shall be secured in an upright position.
— Flash back arresters shall be provided for both oxygen and acetylene cylinders.
— Oil and grease must not come into contact with valves or regulators.
— When welding or cutting is required on drums or containers, make sure nothing
inflammable has been stored in them.
— Suitable precautions will be taken to avoid electric shock. Only insulated electrode
holders will be used.
— Arc welding electrodes or earth leads are not to be hung over any compressed air
cylinder.
— An arc must not be struck on a gas cylinder.
— Arc welding leads are to be kept as short as possible.
— Discarded electrode stubs are to be placed into suitable containers instead of being
thrown around work area.
— Face shields with proper lenses must be used when performing electric welding.
— Wear suitable protective clothing when cutting and welding, all parts of the body
exposed to skin burns will be covered.
— No work will be done while standing on a barrel, box, chair, or other loose object.
— Keep aisles and passageways clear of materials. Welding cables, electric leads, air hoses
etc., must be coiled when not in use.
— The number of cylinders used or stored shall be kept as low as practicable.
— Suitable designed equipment shall be used for transporting gas cylinders on site.
39.2. Temporary Pipe Support
All temporary pipe supports used in prefabrication shops/ areas shall have an engineered design,
with a safety stress factor of at least two, safe working load capacity displayed on it and will be
inspected by an engineer prior to use and monthly thereafter.

The design of these temporary pipe supports will guarantee the pipe stability using the proper
stops (both ends of the A-frame support beam) and wedges where necessary.

Piping prefabrication works using only tripods are not permitted. Levelling tripods shall be used
together with A-frame supports and the pipe shall be at all times resting on both support types.

Both supports shall be located as closed as possible. Tripods will not be supplemented with any
additional element.

Shall the pipe not be resting over the A-frame type support when using as well a tripod, then a
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skid pad, plug or any other wedge element shall be used over the A-frame support.

39.3. Test Procedure

A “Test Procedure” shall be prepared and subject to CONTRACTOR approval to perform any test
regarding pressure (hydrostatic/pneumatic test), motor start-up, works under electrical voltage,
etc.

As a general rule, the test procedure shall include:

— Adequate area barricading.

— Performance outside normal working hours, whenever possible.
— Retreating from projection hazardous areas.
— Definition and proper use of collective and Personal Protective Equipment.
39.4. Pressure Washing Or Jetting
Method statement and RA shall be generated prior to the pressure washing activities, considering
the pressure hazard, machine failure, chemical used and etc. The crew shall be trained on the
precautionary measures generated in the RA.

The crew shall wear proper personal protected equipment and the area shall be reasonably
separated (i.e. barricaded with warning sign) from other simultaneous activities around the area.

39.5. Pre-Commissioning
The most important common aspects that shall guarantee compliance with all HSE requirements
during these phases are the following:

— Adequate, flexible and well thought Plan for all activities as well as analysis of possible
simultaneous operations has to be carried out.
— A competent team shall be formed to follow on from Construction through to Pre-
Commissioning. Integration between teams and fluent and continuous communication to
prevent repetition of work and / or interference is of the utmost importance.
— Applying appropriate strict Permit to Work procedures and conditions.
— Clearly defining systems and subsystems, their boundaries and the special
considerations that have to be taken when performing any activities in or near the area.
— Having systems and/or areas under Pre-Commissioning team control well delimited and
identified by signs and hard barriers with restricted access to essential and trained
personnel.
— Physical barriers will prevent non commissioning workers entering specific areas (Pre-
Commissioning Islands) where Pre-Commissioning activities are being performed. For
Construction punch list completion to be performed, Construction team shall be subject
to Commissioning permitting system and Lock out – Tag out (LOTO) procedure and
specific approval that allows them entering these Commissioning Islands.
— Construction employees shall be trained in the LOTO and restrictions to work under
Commissioning islands.
— All Pre-Commissioning team members shall be specially trained and prepared for the
works to be performed and special preventive and protective measures are to be
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implemented.
There are some new activities not normally encountered during the Construction phase that shall
be thoroughly studied to identify all new risks and hazards arisen from their performance. Among
these new activities, we shall list the following:

— Air blowing of piping systems

— Mechanical cleaning of piping and vessels
— Water flushing “wet” piping systems
— Vacuum drying of piping and vessels
— Nitrogen purging
— Making piping systems operational and “live”
— Running of rotating equipment.
Additionally, all Pre-Commissioning procedures include a section that refers to specific HSE
considerations to perform activities in a safe manner. Appropriate implementation of these
requirements and continuous inspection and performance monitoring will ensure safe operating
conditions.

40. STEEL STRUCTURE ERECTION

Assembly of steel structure components shall be performed at ground level as far as possible,
according to structure configuration and lifting equipment capacity.

Execution of works at heights requiring use of safety harness shall be minimized as much as
possible. Work progress shall be planned so as to permit the installation of adequately protected
work platforms.

Holes shall be protected as per chapter “openings”.

Before installation of enclosure, a perimeter protection shall be provided in slabs, consisting of

handrails located at (90) cm. height, midrail and toeboard. Likewise, safety nets equipped with
forks or cantilevers shall be used for elevated floors under construction.

Grating panel that do not properly fit shall be signalled in order to avoid the tripping hazard.

Area below the steel erection work shall be cordoned off and standby-man/men assigned to
prevent personnel from crossing the barricaded area. In addition appropriate safety warning signs
must be posted to create safety awareness on hazards associated with steel erection works.

41. RADIOGRAPHIC WORKS

Radiographic works shall be subject to Permit to work system.

To avoid interferences and the risk of personnel being exposed to radiation whenever possible
radiographic works shall be performed outside normal work hours.

X-Ray work will need to be performed in restricted area not to disturb the other adjacent works.
CONTRACTOR and COMPANY shall validate the coordination done by the X-ray works
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Subcontractor among the concerned parties in particular the following organizational issues:

— X-ray schedule
— Timing of X-ray taken
— Clear notice of restriction areas (locations, isolation, etc.)
— When necessary, Small Containment Area Radiography – SCAR technology should be
utilized to minimize the restricted area.
X-ray works Subcontractor shall appoint a qualified employee as Radiation Coordinator. The
person shall be responsible for aspects of work involving the storage, the handling, the
transportation and the use of ionizing sources on the project and ensure safe work practices and
procedures are followed by Sub-subcontractor. All ionizing and radioisotope source and x-ray
work will be done with the coordination of other project participants working on the project. The
following provisions shall be observed in order to perform radiographic works:

— Use of equipment containing radioactive sources shall be strictly limited to qualified

personnel duly authorized by the competent official authority.
— Each person involved in the work has a monitoring film badge and a pocket dosimeter.
— A survey meter with audible and visual alarms is in the area for radiation area
monitoring and shall accompany the source each time.
— All inspections and certification of equipment are current and complies with applicable
OSHA, ANSI and National standards.
— An accurate accounting system is kept for each source coming onto the project and shall
include the serial number, receipt date, decay chart and projector or transit container
used.
— Areas where radiation activities are to be performed shall be duly delimited and
identified. Personnel not directly involved in these activities shall remain outside the
delimited area.
— A safe access and egress are being provided to the work location with adequate lighting.
Subcontractor shall ensure all personnel that are occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation, are
subject to a regular medical check and continual medical monitoring, a copy of such medical
report must be kept on record. Subcontractor shall comply with all Standards and requirements
established from the competent Authorities.

42. ELECTRICAL WORKS

42.1. Introduction
Whenever you work with tools or electrical circuits there is a risk of electrical hazards, especially
electrical shock. Risks are increased at construction sites like ours because many jobs involve
electric power tools.

Coming in contact with electric current can cause energy to flow through the body, resulting in
electric shock and burns. Serious injury or even death may occur.

Cable management and arrangement systems shall be developed and implemented at site.
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42.2. How Shocks Occur

Electricity travels in closed circuits, normally through a conductor. Shock results when the body
becomes part of the electrical circuit; energy enters the body through one point and leaves it
through another. Typically, shock occurs when a person contacts:

Electrocution results in internal and external injury to body parts or to the entire body, often
resulting in death.
42.2.1. Shock Severity
— Severity of the shock depends on:
— Energy path through the body
— Amount of energy flowing through the body (amps)
— Duration of the shocking energy through the body
— The amount of moisture on the skin. Wet conditions are common during low-voltage
electrocutions. (Under dry conditions, human skin is very resistant. Wet skin
dramatically drops the body's resistance.)
— LOW VOLTAGE DOES NOT MEAN LOW HAZARD
42.2.2. Electrical Hazards And Control
— Electrical shocks or fires result from these hazards:
— Exposed electrical parts
— Overhead power lines
— Inadequate wiring
— Damaged tools - Defective insulation
— Improper grounding
— Overloaded circuits
— Wet conditions h.
— Improper PPE
42.2.3. Exposed Electrical Parts
Electrical hazards exist when wires or other electrical parts are exposed. Wires and parts can be
exposed if a cover is removed from a wiring or breaker box. Everyone needs to recognize that an
exposed electrical component is a hazard. If you touch live electrical parts, you will be shocked.
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The remedies consist of insulation of:

— Live Electrical Parts.

— Conductors entering boxes, cabinets, or fittings.
— Before work starts, the person in charge shall ascertain by inquiry, by direct observation,
or by instruments, whether any part of an electric power circuit - exposed or concealed -
is located in such a way that the performance of the work activity could lead any person,
tool, or machine to physical or electrical contact with it.
42.2.4. Overhead Power Line Hazards
Most of the people do not realize that overhead power lines are usually not insulated. More than
half of all electrocutions are due especially to operators in direct work contact with energized
power lines. Workers and operators must be especially aware of the hazards due to overhead lines.

Shocks and electrocutions occur where physical barriers are not in place to prevent contact with
the wires. When dumpers, cranes, work platforms or other conductive materials (such as pipes and
ladders) contact overhead wires, the equipment operator or other workers can be killed. If you do
not maintain required clearance distances from power lines, you can be shocked and killed (the
minimum distance is 5 m.). Never store materials and equipment under or near overhead power
lines. Overhead power lines must be always considered as a hazard. The overheated wire can
cause a fire.

42.2.5. Inadequate Wiring

An electrical hazard exists when the wire is too small for the energy it will carry. Usually, the
circuit breaker in a circuit is matched to the wire size. However, in older wiring, branch lines to
permanent ceiling light fixtures could be wired with a gauge smaller than the supply cable, a light
fixture is replaced with another device absorbing more energy, the capacity of the wire can be
exceeded. When a wire is too small for the energy it is supposed to carry, the wire will heat up.

42.2.6. Damaged Tools - Defective Insulation Hazards

Defective or inadequate insulation is an electrical hazard. Usually a plastic or rubber cover
insulates wires. Insulation prevents conductors from coming into contact each other. Insulation
also prevents conductors from coming into contact with people.

Insulation - Material which does not conduct electricity easily.

Extension cords may have damaged insulation. Sometimes the insulation inside an electrical tool
or equipment is damaged. When insulation is damaged, exposed metal parts may be energized if a
live wire inside touches them. Electric hand tools that are old, damaged or misused may have
damaged insulation inside. If you touch damaged power tools or other equipment, you will receive
a shock. You are more likely to receive a shock if the tool is not grounded or double-insulated.
Double-insulated tools have two insulation barriers and no exposed metal parts. You need to
recognize that defective insulation is a hazard.

— If you touch a damaged live power tool, you will be shocked.

— A damaged live power tool that is not grounded or double insulated is very dangerous.
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42.2.7. Improper Grounding

The term „„ground‟‟ refers to a conductive body, usually the earth. „„Grounding‟‟ a tool or
electrical system means intentionally creating a low-resistance path to the earth. When properly
done, energy from a short or from lightning follows this path, thus preventing the build-up of
voltage that would otherwise result in electrical shock, injury and even death.

The metal parts of an electrical wiring system that we touch (switch plates, ceiling light fixtures,
conduit, etc.) should be grounded and at 0 volts. If the system is not grounded properly, these
parts may become energized. Metal parts of engines, appliances, or electronics that are plugged
into improperly grounded circuits may be energized. When a circuit is not properly grounded, a
hazard exists because unwanted current cannot be safely eliminated. If there is no safe path to
ground for fault energy, exposed metal parts in damaged appliances can be energized.

Extension cords may not provide a continuous path to ground because of a broken ground wire or
plug.

42.3. Grounding Requirements

— Ground all electrical systems
— The path to ground from circuits, equipment, and enclosures must be permanent and
continuous.
— Ground all supports and enclosures for conductors.
— Ground all metal enclosures for service equipment.
— Ground all exposed non energized metal parts of fixed equipment.
— Ground exposed non energized metal parts of tools and equipment connected by wire
and plug.
— Ground the metal parts of the following non-electrical equipment:
– Frames and tracks of electrically operated cranes.
– Frames of non-electrically driven elevator cars to which electric conductors
are attached.
– Hand-operated metal shifting ropes or cables of electric elevators.
– Metal partitions, grids, and similar metal enclosures around equipment of over
1kV between conductors.
42.3.1. Install Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCI)
A ground-fault occurs when there is a break in the low-resistance grounding path from a tool or
electrical system. The electrical energy may then take an alternative path to the ground through the
user, resulting in serious injuries or death. The ground-fault circuit interrupter, or GFCI, is a fast-
acting circuit breaker designed to shut off electric power in the event of a ground-fault.

42.4. Overload Hazards

Overloads in an electrical system are hazardous because they can produce heat or arcing. Wires
and other components in an electrical system or circuit have a maximum amount of energy they
can carry safely. If too many devices are plugged into a circuit, the electrical energy will heat the
wires to a very high temperature. If each one tool absorbs too much energy, the wires will heat up.
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— Overload - too much energy in a circuit.

— An overload can lead to a fire or electrical shock.
The temperature of the wires can be high enough to cause a fire. If their insulation melts, arcing
may occur. Arcing can cause a fire in the area where the overload exists, even inside a wall. In
order to prevent too much energy in a circuit, a circuit breaker or fuse is placed in the circuit. If
there is too much energy in the circuit, the breaker “trips” and opens like a switch. If an
overloaded circuit is equipped with a fuse, an internal part of the fuse melts, opening the circuit.
Both breakers and fuses do the same work: open the circuit to shut off the electrical energy. If the
breakers or fuses are too big for the wires they are supposed to protect, an overload in the circuit
will not be detected and energy will not be shut off. Overloading leads

to overheating circuit components (Including wires) and may cause a fire.

It is to be recognized that a circuit with improper overload protection devices or one with no
overload protection devices at all, is a hazard.

— Circuit breaker - an overload protection device that automatically shuts off the energy in
a circuit if an overload occurs.
— Trip - the automatic opening (turning off) of a circuit by a GFCI or circuit breaker.
— Fuse - an overload protection device that has an internal part that melts and shuts off the
energy in a circuit if there is an overload. If circuit breakers and fuses are too big for the
circuit, they are hazardous. Circuits without any circuit breakers or fuses are hazardous.
Overload protection devices are installed in the circuits of some electric engines, tools and
electronic devices. For example, if a tool absorbs too much energy or if it overheats, energy will
be shut off from the device itself. Damaged tools can overheat and cause a fire.

Workers must recognize that a damaged tool is a hazard.

— Damaged power tools can cause overloads. Overloads are a major cause of fires.
Wet Conditions Hazards

Working in wet conditions is hazardous because you may become an easy path for electrical
energy. If you touch a live wire or other electrical component and you are well-grounded because
you are standing in even a small puddle of water you will receive a shock.

— Wet conditions are hazardous.

Damaged insulation, equipment or tools can expose workers to live electrical parts. A damaged
tool may not be grounded properly, so the shell of the tool may be energized, causing the worker
to receive a shock. Improperly grounded metal switch plates and ceiling lights are especially
hazardous in wet conditions. If you touch a live electrical component with a non-insulated hand
tool, you are more likely to receive a shock when standing in water. But remember: you don‘t
have to be standing in water to be electrocuted. Wet clothing, high humidity and perspiration also
increase your chances to be electrocuted.

It’s important to recognize that all wet conditions are hazards.

An electrical circuit in a damp place without a GFCI is hazardous. A GFCI reduces the risk.
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Additional control methods

— Circuit Breakers
— Provided to protect Equipment not people
— Do not reset breakers with a line voltage higher than 120V/220v and only reset if you
know why it tripped
Safe distance
— If you sense the presence of an electrical hazard or exposed conductors that may be
energized, keep your distance and STAY AWAY.
42.5. Emergency System Requirements
Contact number of CONTRACTOR and SUBCONTRACTOR competent person in charge shall
be poster in the panel board.

The Shut off master switch shall be accessible at any time.

Voltage rating, identification, and any other necessary information to locate and identify the
connecting line shall be posted in the panel board.

42.6. Cable Management

All cable shall be routed properly to avoid it from becoming a tripping hazard. Temporary Cable
Tray shall be installed under the structural pipe rack to route all temporary cable. Distribution box
shall be installed in a strategic location above the structural pipe rack.

Buried cable shall be protected from moving heavy equipment and direction sign “electrical cable
below” with directional arrow or post shall be installed above the ground for identification. Plot
plan of underground cable shall be maintained in HSE Department site office for work permit
reference.

42.7. Improper PPE

While dealing with electricity proper PPE (such as, and not exhaustively, insulating helmet,
gloves, carpet, insulating bar, etc.) must be worn / used.

All of the adopted PPE must be in good conditions, because a small fault in the PPE can result in a
life loss. All of the workers involved in electric work must check their own PPEs every time
before starting work activities.

43. HAND AND POWER TOOLS

Hand tool and power tool shall not be altered as per the manufacturers designed. Job made tools or
altered tools is prohibited, CONTRACTOR HSE Department control the usage of Job made tools
or altered tools. Any exceptional case shall be covered with JSA and method statement.

Hand tool and power tools shall only be used by qualified and experienced personnel and onlyin
applications for which they were designed. All users must be trained and evaluated by the
supervisor as competent to use any tools.
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43.1. Portable or Power Tools

All tools shall be free from any defect and maintained in a good operating condition.

Tools protections and safeguards shall be properly installed before use. Protection removal or
alteration is strictly forbidden. Home-made tools and modification of tools is not permitted.

Portable tools shall only be used by qualified and experienced personnel and only in applications
for which they were designed.

43.2. Portable Appliance Test (PAT)

All electrically operated portable power tools must be subject to Portable Appliance Test
(PAT).PAT is not a visual inspection, it is a physical test using suitable, calibrated test meter.

The PAT will be performed by a person who is competent in the safe use of the test equipment and
who knows how to interpret the test results obtained. This person will be capable of inspecting the
equipment and, where necessary, dismantling it to check the cable connections. Records of PAT
will be maintained in the equipment register.

43.3. Grinder Safety

The workers using a grinding machine shall under gone a training for proper usage of grinder,
right PPE, maintenance and inspection the grinder machine.

43.4. Powder Actuated Tools

Powder actuated tools; also named cartridge operated tools, and shall only be used with the prior
approval of CONTRACTOR.

No person shall operate, clean, maintain, or repair any powder actuated tool unless certified by the
tool’s manufacturer or an equivalent qualification acceptable to CONTRACTOR.

Documentation of certification shall be in the possession of the person on the Work Site at all
times as proof of qualification.

44. TEMPORARY PIPE SUPPORT

All temporary pipe supports used in prefabrication shops/ areas shall have an engineered design,
with a safety stress factor of at least two, safe working load capacity displayed on it and will be
inspected by an engineer prior to use and monthly thereafter.

The design of these temporary pipe supports will guarantee the pipe stability using the proper
stops (both ends of the A-frame support beam) and wedges where necessary.

Piping prefabrication works using only tripods are not permitted. Levelling tripods shall be used
together with A-frame supports and the pipe shall be at all times resting on both support types.

Both supports shall be located as closed as possible. Tripods will not be supplemented with any
additional element.

Shall the pipe not be resting over the A-frame type support when using as well a tripod, then a skid
pad, plug or any other wedge element shall be used over the A-frame support.
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45. PRE-COMMISSIONG, COMMISSIONING AND START UP

The most important common aspects that shall guarantee compliance with all HSE requirements
during these phases are the following:

— Adequate, flexible and well thought Plan for all activities as well as analysis of possible
simultaneous operations has to be carried out. All pre-commissioning, Commissioning
activities shall be detailed in Method Statements.
— A competent team shall be formed to follow on from Construction through to
PreCommissioning & Commissioning and Start Up. Integration between teams and
fluent and continuous communication to prevent repetition of work and / or
interferences is of the utmost importance.
— Applying appropriate strict Permit to Work procedures and conditions.
— Clearly defining systems and subsystems, their boundaries and the special
considerations that have to be taken when performing any activities in or near the area.
— Having systems and/or areas under commissioning team control well delimited and
identified by signs and hard barriers with restricted access to essential and trained
personnel.
— These systems and subsystems shall be under Commissioning team control and all
activities will be subject to Commissioning specific Work Permit System administered
and controlled by the CONTRACTOR Commissioning Manager, who will sign all work
permits, but always monitored and helped by the HSE Team.
— Physical barriers will prevent non commissioning workers entering specific areas
(Commissioning Islands) where Pre-Commissioning and Commissioning activities are
being performed. For Construction punch list completion to be performed, Construction
team shall be subject to Commissioning permitting system and Lock out – Tag out
(LOTO) procedure and specific approval that allows them entering these
Commissioning Islands.
— Construction employees shall be trained in the LOTO and restrictions to work under
Commissioning islands.
— All Commissioning team members shall be specially trained and prepared for the works
to be performed and special preventive and protective measures are to be implemented.
— There shall be assessed whether personnel involved in Pre-commissioning and
Commissioning activities must wear Fire retardant clothing and whenever necessary
make it obligatory. For first pre-Commissiong activities such as air & water systems
during the Construction phase of the project it may not be necessary.
— Platforms, scaffolds, extensions or other means of access have to be provided to avoid
employee position in front of the flow direction of the pipe.
— Simultaneous operations of Construction, Pre-Commissioning and Commissioning on a
system by system basis in each unit, which shall be taken assessed and properly planned
and coordinated.
There are some new activities not normally encountered during the Construction phase that shall
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be thoroughly studied to identify all new risks and hazards arisen from their performance. Among
these new activities, we shall list the following:

— Air blowing of piping systems

— Mechanical cleaning of piping and vessels
— Water flushing “wet” piping systems
— Vacuum drying of piping and vessels
— Nitrogen purging
— Making piping systems operational and “live”
— Running of rotating equipment.
Additionally, all Pre-Commissioning and Commissioning procedures include a section that refers
to specific HSE considerations to perform activities in a safe manner. Appropriate implementation
of these requirements and continuous inspection and performance monitoring will ensure safe
operating conditions.

45.1. Test Procedure

A “Test Procedure” shall be prepared and subject to CONTRACTOR approval to perform any test
regarding pressure (hydrostatic/pneumatic test), motor start-up, works under electrical voltage, etc.

As a general rule, the test procedure shall include:

— Adequate area barricading.

— Performance outside normal working hours, whenever possible.
— Retreating from projection hazardous areas.
— Definition and proper use of collective and Personal Protective Equipment.
45.2. Pressure Washing or Jetting
Method statement and JSA shall be generated prior to the pressure washing activities,

considering the pressure hazard, machine failure, chemical used and etc. The crew shall be trained
on the precautionary measures generated in the JSA.

The crew shall wear proper personal protected equipment and the area shall be reasonably
separated (i.e. barricaded with warning sign) from other simultaneous activities around the area.

46. HOUSEKEEPING AND DUST MANAGEMENT

Housekeeping is primary to keep a safe working area. Prior to the start of work on site, ELECO
will clean their area to a high standard so that all operations shall be carried out safely. Each
SUBCONTRACTOR will be responsible for his own housekeeping and each person is responsible
for keeping his own area in good clean and tidy conditions.

Housekeeping issues shall be identified on a continuous basis as part of the inspection

responsibilities of Construction Supervisors and HSE team in order to take the corrective action.
The following issues shall be taken into account:

— Work locations, equipment and facilities shall be clean and tidy at all times. All work
areas shall be free of obstructions, projections, rubbish, oil, water or any unwanted
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substances. Loose materials shall be stored in a clean and tidy manner.

— Work areas shall be provided with adequate waste containers (bins and skips) for the
proper disposal of all scrap, construction debris, trash, etc. to be used by personnel.
Containers shall be in close proximity to the work area; emptied as needed but not less
than daily and properly labelled to identify waste contents and to facilitate waste
segregation.
— All waste shall be properly segregated according to proper waste classification standard
of the contractor.
— All waste containers shall be properly labelled and identified with clear banner or sign
board with picture.
— All waste disposal points shall be maintained and cleaned regularly;
— Subcontractor shall submit an updated monthly plot plan location of all waste containers
on site.
— Cables and hoses shall not be run in such a manner as to cause a tripping hazard,
keeping access ways clean and tidy.
— All platforms shall be kept free of loose materials.
— Scaffolding platforms, structures and surrounding grounds must be kept clear of debris.
— Working tools in the worksite will be cleaned at the end of each working day. Tools shall
not be stored on the floor or any location that could potentially cause an accident;
— Material and equipment not required for immediate use or installation will be stored in
designated laydown and warehouse areas.
— Operations shall be controlled in a manner such that dust emission is minimised.
— Mechanical road sweepers to clean blacktop roads and water bowsers with spray bars to
dampen unmade roads shall be used in case is necessary to avoid dust.
— Any tripping hazard which cannot be removed immediately will be reported to the HSE
Manager and dealt with as a matter of urgency. All staircases, passageways, corridors
and emergency escape routes shall be kept clear at all times;
— No materials, finished products, aggregates, plant and construction materials shall block
emergency exits or other means of escape at any time;
— Common areas to which personnel have access such as lockers, toilets, mess rooms and
wash rooms shall be maintained in clean and sanitary conditions at all times;
— All lighting and ventilation facilities shall remain unobstructed at all times;
— Pest control shall be implemented for the worksite offices and workshops. Pest control
measures shall be done on a quarterly basis, or on such occasion that a particular
problem is identified;
— Windows and light fittings shall be maintained in good condition and cleaned regularly;
and All floors in work shops or other works areas shall be kept clean and non-slip.

47. LOCK OUT AND TAG OUT SYSTEM

Employees performing services in machines or live equipment shall be fully protected from
unexpected energization start-up or the uncontrolled release of energy, which could cause injury to
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those persons and/or equipment. Source of energy could be chemical, mechanical, electrical,
thermal, pneumatic, electromagnetic or other.

Lock out and Tag out system will be used as additional requirement of Work Permit system to
avoid workers being injured while working on equipment (when controls have not been locked
and tagged in the off position).

Employees shall receive Training in the recognition of hazardous energy source, type and
magnitude of energy available, methods and means necessary for energy isolation and control. The
Training shall include tagging requirements, limitations and employee roles and responsibilities.

The manufacturer and or established start up or shut down procedures are to be followed to avoid
any additional or increased hazard(s) to employees or equipment as a result of equipment start up
or shut down.

48. RISKS MANAGEMENT

In order to ensure safe working conditions for all personnel involved in the execution of works,
risk management shall be implemented at all levels of the Project Management. Specific safety
analysis of all individual construction activities shall determine which of these activities require
additional preventive and protective measures so as to reduce risk to ALARP level.

Furthermore, all risks identification and assessment shall be periodically reviewed to ensure that
the hazards and risks of the operation have not changed.

Risks management methodology shall be implemented at different levels to establish the necessary
preventive measures focused on eliminating or mitigating the risks that can appear during
construction activities:

— HAZID: Hazard identification

— Risk Identification & Assessment (RI&A)
— Job Safety Analysis
48.1. HAZID
A hazard identification and risk assessment via a structured workshop (e.g. HAZID) shall be
performed at an early stage of the construction works, which shall be led by CONTRACTOR and
include the participation of the Company designated personnel and the CONTRACTOR personnel
(e.g. discipline specialists, supervisors and HSE advisors) involved in the relevant work activities.
The output shall be used to determine the appropriate hardware and controls, including
supervision and monitoring that shall be implemented.

The HSE Manager shall be responsible for the recording of actions and recommendations
identified during the risk assessment in a common document available to the Company and actions
shall be tracked down and close prior to start of the work activity execution.

Following the workshop, it shall be prepared an overview and schedule of design reviews, studies,
workshops and execution planning activities where the controls identified at the construction
hazard assessment workshop shall be fully detailed to satisfy the concept of elimination /
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substitution / reduction to mitigate construction Site safety risks throughout engineering design
and planning

48.2. RISK IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT (RI&A)

There are risks inherent in all construction activities. Not all risks can be eliminated. Those risks
that cannot be eliminated shall be mitigated and managed down to acceptable levels.

Risk Assessment allows identifying the hazards at the workplace and implementing effective risk
control measures to goal of “Incident Free” Work Site. The aim of the risk assessment process is to
remove a hazard or reduce the level of its risk to a tolerable level by implementing control
measures, as necessary.

SUBCONTRACTOR shall include a Risk Identification and Assessment specific for their
activities within their HSE Plan. The risk identification and assessment shall focused on specific
dangers arising from the simultaneous and subsequent activities within the scope of construction
works and if necessary the possible interaction with continuing operating activities.

First there shall be an identification of the different phases of the project execution. Each phase is
then split up in several tasks or activities. All hazards associated to each task or activities shall be
assessed in a further stage of this process.

The level of risk for each activity shall be determined to impose appropriate management controls,
in particular the need for an effective Permit to Work.

Finally specific safety measures shall be identified to eliminate or reduce to tolerable level the
assessed risks.

The RIA is the first level of risks management to be performed before mobilization to the site, to
state a general overview of activities, associated risks and measures to eliminate or reduce them to
ALARP levels. However, once construction works starts certain specific tasks will have to be
reassessed taking into account the method to perform the task, SIMOPS, equipment use and any
special circumstance of the area.

SUBCONTRACTOR shall update their respective risk register on a monthly basis and verify risk
mitigation effectiveness on high risks if necessary. SUBCONTRCATOR shall review high risk
issues as part of Monthly HSE Meetings and record planned actions to mitigate these high risk
issues.

48.3. JOB SAFETY ANAYLYSIS AND METHOD STATEMENT

Job Safety Analysis (JSA) is a process to identify the hazards of coming activities. Each activity is
split step by step identifying their potential hazard and the preventive and protective measures to
be taken to eliminate or control them.

The JSA shall be developed at latest 7 days before commencement of the work being

analysed. No work shall commence until JSA has been approved and communicated to all
personnel executing the work analysed. Generic JSA's may be a starting point for a JSA for
repetitive work operations, but a JSA cannot be concluded without considering specific work
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activities and associated hazards.

The JSA shall be based in a detailed Method Statement. Detailed Method Statements shall be
prepared by SUBCONTRACTOR for all work which has risks to health and safety and
environment, as procedures, sequence of operation and the controls necessary to achieve effective
risk management, and efficient execution of the work.

The method statement shall explain how the work is to be executed, delegate responsibility to
those supervising the work, shall describe all resources required to complete the work and
associated quality inspections, it shall describe the sequence of the various activities,equipment,
tools, chemicals to be used and control measures and procedures for each activity including PPEs
and emergency resources required.

JSA shall be conducted by SUBCONTRACTOR personnel with the work team. JSA must be
approved by CONTRACTOR Management prior to work commencing. When approved,
SUBCONTRACTOR may not start work until the site has been inspected by CONTRACTOR
HSE team to ensure that it is safe to start work and that all the requirements contained in the JSA
have been complied with.

Once approved by the HSE team the completed form will be then given final approval or
otherwise, by the Construction Manager or his designee.

It shall be ensure that all workers understand their roles and responsibilities when managing the
risks (e.g. toolbox talks before the task starts).

A training course shall be provided to all employees and especially to those supervisory personnel
with responsibilities in the JSA and MS process in order to explain the process and purpose of the
JSA for all the work.

When work is completed SUBCONTRACTOR must leave the area in a clean tidy safe condition
and sign the appropriate box in the form confirming this. The area will be then checked by
CONTRACTOR and if satisfied sign the acceptance box.

49. HEAVY EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS

Any movement of all crane and heavy equipment on the site shall be guided by a competent and
authorized flagman that controls all movement of equipment and maintains communication (eye
contact, hand signals) with the operator. Flagman shall wear high visibility vests.

Eye contact shall be maintained at all times between the operator and flagman. Flagman shall
remain in clear view of the operator and be vigilant of the operator's blind spots. Flagman shall
also confirm nobody is in the line of fire while a load is being moved.

The flagman shall monitor the work area and ensure the operator has adequate visibility and the
heavy equipment remains stable.

Reversing shall only be undertaken when no other alternatives are present. Where reversing is
necessary, additional controls are put in place to manage the risks. This shall include (as a
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minimum):

— Before vehicles move, areas and blind spots are checked.

— Audible warnings are used during reversing.
— The flagman assigned to the equipment remains outside of the equipment cab and
ensures that the reversing moves are under control.
Mobile equipment is not permitted to travel or work parallel to steep grades, embankments or on
unstable soil.

Outriggers must be fully extended, landed on adequate size pads and protected with

barricades from surrounding machine and vehicle movements.

Equipment shall be parked on flat ground where possible and vehicle wheels shall be chocked
when there is potential for movement.

Heavy Equipment operation shall be separated from any work area of other personnel. Barricaded
and warning sign shall be installed around the operating area. Any manoeuvre in the area of
pedestrian or workers shall be guided by a competent flagman.

50. EQUIPMENT INSPECTION PROGRAM

All of the following: fuel driven construction equipment, hand and power tools, electrical
equipment, Manlift platforms, man-baskets, gas cylinder cradles, lifting equipment including
slings, spreader bars and shackles, cranes, temporary pipe supports, hoists, temporary electrical
distribution boards, fire extinguishers, welding and cutting equipment, ladders, fall protection
devices such as full body harnesses and inertia real fall arrest systems, shall be inspected monthly
by competent persons with the use of a checklist that shall be filled and recorded.

Once the inspections has been passed successfully all equipment and tools shall bear a colour
coded sticker or tag with the SUBCONTRACTOR’S name, SUBCONTRACTOR’S own
equipment identification/serial number or manufacturer’s model or serial number, date of
inspection and the signature of the competent person inspecting the equipment.

Equipment without a valid inspection by a competent person and valid color-coding shall not be
used and removed from the Project Site and the access pass cancelled.

Subcontractor shall maintain a register of all equipment on site that includes manufacturer detail,
manufacture specification for use, inspection/maintenance details & last inspection/maintenance
provider, last inspection/maintenance date.

ABRASIVE SAND BLASTING AND PAINTING

Appropriate Hot Work Permit shall be obtained to carry out the abrasive blasting activities
Blasting and painting operations shall be performed so as to avoid disturbance to personnel who is
not involved in these operations.

The working area of blasting and painting operations shall be totally covered to control and
contain all the dust and sand grit within the working area. All working areas for blasting and
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painting shall be located on sealed surfaces, concrete pavement or similar surface to prevent soil
contamination.

Workers exposed to hazards derived from blasting and painting operations shall wear the
following protective equipment:

— Coveralls closed at the neck, wrists and ankles.

— Work gloves.
— Helmet with incorporated visor for blasting operations.
— Helmet with safety goggles for painters.
— Anti-dust masks for blasters and painters according to contamination level.
— Blasting hoses shall be used with a safety device (dead-man).
Where abrasive blasting is done in the open the work area and all its approaches shall be cordoned
off to prevent personnel without protective equipment from coming into range of flying abrasive
particles and clouds of dust.

Warning signs shall be posted when abrasive blasting is in progress.

If the work location is unavoidably near concentrations of other employees, then an "off-shift"
time should be chosen.

In order to avoid exposure of sand blasting to other areas, if necessary, blasting area shall be
covered with appropriate material. The staff working inside will use positive pressured breathing
apparatus. These apparatus will have appropriate moisture and dust filters. The equipment will be
compliant to appropriate International Standards and National Regulations.

Any area used for blasting and painting shall be subject to a pre-use and post-use inspection.
Environmental rehabilitation shall be conducted as required to return the area to it's original
condition.

51. CAMP MANAGEMENT PLAN

51.1. Accommodation camp
The requirements stated in recent Decision No. (26/2018), issuing the Control of Health and
Hygiene Regulation in the Special Economic Zone in Duqm shall be implemented for the project.

CONTRACTOR Labour Welfare Plan, DRP001-PUC-PRO-U-000-022, set the minimum labour

and welfare minimum requirements for workers in Duqm Refinery Project complying with
“International Finance Corporation (IFC) Performance Standards” and specifically “labour and
working conditions” (“IFC Performance Standard 2”)

Messing facilities shall be provided at Camp Areas and Site to satisfy the total requirements of the
workforce and to prevent the need for individuals to vacate the Site throughout the working day.

Sanitary conveniences in accommodation buildings shall be provided in the ratio of one toilet, one
shower, and one wash basin per 5-10 employees.

Both hot and cold water are to be provided to shower/washing/toilet areas (wash hand basins) care
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shall be taken to eliminate the possibility of mould and fungus growth by ensuring that all areas
may be easily cleaned. Adequate outside ventilation to be provided by windows and extraction
fans capable of six air changes per hour.

The facilities shall comply with all applicable Omani standards and to the current best practices in
the International Catering Industry. All Catering and Mess-Hall areas shall observe a no smoking
policy.

Locally produced Poultry to be used. Local vegetables and other food ingredients to be maximised
as applicable.

All eating and sanitary facilities will be maintained in a clean and sanitary condition at all times.
Subcontractors shall provide the necessary resources to accomplish this including adequate
washing facilities with soap and disposable towels or air towel and whatever labor is required to
clean and maintain a high level of sanitation.

51.2. Pest control

All worksites, temporary facilities and camps shall use good international industry best practice in
the design of Public Health barriers for pest control. Pests of public health significance include
flies, mosquitoes, cockroaches, rats, and ants.

The measures include (but is not limited to):

— Providing all food and food waste bins with lids to discourage rodents.
— Ensuring that open drains are designed to flow freely or are covered to avoid problems
from flies and mosquitos.
— Sealing any access routes for rodents, such as ducts and drain penetrations through
walls.
— General cleanliness and good housekeeping shall be maintained as the primary method
of pest control.
— Inspections shall be carried out to ensure good housekeeping and pest control.
— Spraying in and around the camp shall be carried out once a week. Only
Companyapproved pesticides shall be used.
51.3. Vaccination and health advice
Vaccination and travel health advice shall be provided to all personnel travellers.

52. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

52.1. FATIGUE MANAGEMENT
Fatigue is defined as an impaired physical and mental condition, which arises from an

individual’s exposure to physical and mental exertion and inadequate or disturbed sleep. Priority
must be given to reducing the exposure of employees to disturbed sleep or inappropriate
sleep/recovery periods. Where practicable, this is to be controlled or minimized through planning
controls.
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CONTRACTOR and its SUBCONTRACTORS who require personnel to work extended hours
(more than 12 hours) on various shifts must conduct a risk analysis.

SUBCONTRACTOR HSE Manager and CONTRACTOR's HSE Manager or his designate shall
ensure that fatigue is properly considered and adequate control measures are implemented where
work duration is a critical factor in the work activities.

52.2. Office safety

Despite the fact that major hazards and risks are those associated with construction,
precommissioning and commissioning activities, temporary facilities such as site offices shall also
be subject to HSE Plan scope. Therefore, ELECO shall ensure compliance with the following
rules:

— All personnel shall be familiar with the location and operation of fire extinguishers,
evacuation procedures, escape routes and emergency exits.
— No electrical office equipment shall be used in faulty or unsafe conditions. Repair shall
be made by qualified personnel.
— All flammable materials (e.g.: toner for photocopiers) shall be stored in minimum
quantities in the shade and away from any flame or heat source.
— Personnel shall not run in corridors, block entries and they shall enter or leave offices by
the designated doors.
— A first aid kit shall be available in each office.
52.3. Desert Snakes and Scorpions
Snakes and Scorpions may be common in deserts.

Snake control y outdoor areas:

The most effective method for controlling desert snakes in an outdoor work area is to remove as
many items as possible which could provide shelter for snakes. This can be done by implementing
the following measures:

— Promptly clear piles of construction debris, rocks, and pallets.

— Organize storage yards. Keep them well maintained and free of debris.
— Store materials on storage racks with the bottom rack at least 46 cm (18 in.) off the
ground. Avoid storing items on pallets which sit directly on the ground.
— Cut and/or eliminate heavy weed growth and do not allow unkempt gardening.
— Proper trash and garbage disposal to avoid food supply
— Trapping and/ or poison baiting campaigns in the case it is deem necessary.

Safeguarding Buildings from Snakes:

— Keep storage yards as far as practical from living quarters and office buildings.
— Keep the building’s exterior perimeter and any crawlspaces free of debris.
— Fix entrance doors so that they shut snugly
— Seal all holes and cracks in the building’s lower exterior perimeter, including around
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plumbing and conduits.

Although these recommendations will not completely eliminate desert snakes in work areas, they
will help to greatly reduce their numbers. There are no poisons or chemicals known that will
effectively and safely repel or kill snakes long term.

Support of local expertise shall be seek to implement preventative measures to reduce snakes in
the work area and remove snakes when detected

Snakebite prevention:

Normally, desert snakes try to avoid people and only bite when they feel threatened. To avoid
snakebites:

— Do not attempt to capture or handle a snake.

— Inspect materials carefully before attempting to lift them off the ground.
— Wear safety shoes/boots and long pants.
— Use a flashlight when walking at night.
Precautions against scorpion bites:
Scorpions are nocturnal, or active at night, and hide during the daytime under rocks, tents, debris,
rubbish, or in crevices. The average lifespan of a scorpion is probably about 3 to 5 years. Their
exoskeleton is flourescent and will glow in the dark when exposed to black (UV) light. Using a
portable blacklight at night is an effective way to assess the level of scorpion activity at camp site.

Precautions to protect against scorpion sting are:

— Do not put hands under items lying on the ground without first inspecting to ensure that
there are no hiding scorpions under them.
— In camps, shake out clothes and shoes that have been left outside on the ground before
putting them on.
— Do not walk barefoot outdoors at night
— Seek medical help when stung.
In case of a person injured by snake bite or scorpion sting it shall be activated the medical
emergency plan established in the Emergency Management Plan.

52.4. Manual handling

All personnel will receive manual handling instruction as part of the Project specific induction.

ELECO shall provide more intensive manual handling training to workers who are loading and
unloading materials manually as a routine part of their work. This training will be provided as
indicated by the HSE training matrix.

53. EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND EVACUATION PROCEDURE

Emergency evacuation could be necessary if unwanted and uncertain events happen during
construction. The most significant of these events are:

— Fire on site
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— Accidents or incidents on site either with personal or asset damage.

— Environmental emergency (i.e. spill, leakage among others).
— Others external to the site such as: emergency situation from any other plant in the
Industrial Site; major fire; extreme weather (i.e. storm, etc.); illness; major oil or
chemical spills; social and labour unrest; crime; bombs threat among others.
The Emergency Response Plan (ERP) shall focus on the preparedness of the organization to
manage any unwanted event effectively so as to minimize its effects. The contents of the ERP
shall include:

— Responsibilities and roles of key personnel

— Project Emergency Response Team (during Pre-Commissioning, Commissioning and
Start Up there shall be some changes in the team members).
— An organization chart showing lines of leadership in case of emergency and
communication flow.
— Communication procedure with COMPANY and Authorities.
— Evacuation signals, wind socks, routes, signs, assembly areas or muster points and head
counting.
— Posting signs with essential telephone numbers (i.e. public Fire Brigade, Ambulance,
Medical Services, CONTRACTOR/ COMPANY in charge in case of emergency).
— Fire and/ or gas detector to be used (i.e. where, when, responsibilities), if the case.
— Evacuation notification system that shall be recognizable by all personnel throughout
communication devices such as alarm system, speakers or others.
— Type, availability and responsibility for the use of fire fighting and emergency response
equipment.
— Procedures to be followed when an accident or injury occurs (including initial response
actions) including if necessary medical evacuation with the fastest possible means (i.e.
helicopter).
— Site Evacuation Plot Plan with evacuation routes, gates and muster points.
— Environmental response procedure including spill control, neutralization of
contamination, clean up and waste disposal.
— Drills.
— Coordination with EPC2 and EPC3
— Coordination with Royal Omani Police
— Coordination with medical service suppliers
— Coordination with medical evacuation transport service providers
— Coordination with regulators in Oman

Any emergency evacuation will start with a “Stop Work Alarm” and the actions to be taken will
be:

(1) All work will be stopped at once

(2) All equipment shall be shut down
(3) All men will evacuate to a predetermined assembly point
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(4) Roll call will be taken and all men will be accounted for
(5) Nobody will return to work until CONTRACTOR/ COMPANY gives notification that is
safe to do that.

Communication channels shall be established with other parties so as to be informed when, how
and where to evacuate in case of an emergency not controlled by CONTRACTOR.

In case of accidents requiring first aid shall be treated at First Aid Medical Centre. Their medical
personnel will evaluate the severity and decide if the patient requires be evacuated to the Hospital.

54. DISCIPLINARY ACTIONS & HSE FAILURES

NOTIFICATIONS
ELECO are required to comply with all HSE requirements described in this Construction HSE
Plan. It is imperative that employees at all levels comply with the provisions and directives of the
HSE requirements at all times while working. A Disciplinary procedure shall be issued for this
project.

54.1. HSE FAILURES NOTIFICATIONS TO SUBCONTRACTORS

HSE violations and deviations shall be identified and notified in writing to the ELECO involved
(TEMPLATE 04 – HSE Violation Notification). The severity of the hazards to which workers are
exposed and actions to be taken are the following:

— Minor Hazards
For hazards that will not result in personal injury or damage but affect employee health and safety,
ELECO shall be notified in writing.

— Minor Hazards
For hazards that may result in personal injury, serious damage to persons or property, ELECO
shall be notified verbally immediately and in writing of the recommended actions to be taken.

— Serious and Imminent Hazard

In case of immediate accident hazard that may result in fatality or damage to persons or property.
The activity shall be promptly stopped and SUBCONTRACTOR shall be notified verbally and in
writing.

Employees will immediately be dismissed/terminated from the project site should they commit of
the following serious safety violations:

— Exceeding the specified/posted speed limit on the project.

— Not complying with the 100% fall protection and 100% tie-off policy.
— Putting his live or the lives of others at risk (imminent danger).
— Altercation (both parties will be dismissed).
— Disregarding barriers (unauthorized access into an area marked as being unsafe or
unauthorized access into a restricted area).
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— Violating permit conditions or performing work without a permit where an

approved permit is needed.
— Energizing or de-energizing a power source without proper authorization.
— Smoking in vehicles, offices and any other unauthorized area.
— Operating or cause to operate equipment without a valid inspection.
— Entering equipment without confined space entry permit.
54.2. DISCIPLINARY ACTIONS TO EMPLOYEES
First single violation of Project Health, Safety and Environmental requirements will lead to
immediate verbal notification to the employee and its immediate superior (i.e. crew supervisor or
foreman).

Second violation of employees lead to repeat HSE course related to the subject of violation and
notification in writing.

Third violation or lack of co-operation with regard to any HSE requirements lead the employee to
be removed from the work and expelled from the site. In case the first violation is serious or
extremely dangerous, there shall be no second and third opportunities.