Core housing
http://unhabitat.org/incremental-housing-the-new-site-services-reinhard-
goethert-massachusetts-institute-of-technology/
HIGH-DENSITY INCREMENTAL EXPANSION
UN-HABITAT WORLD URBAN FORUM TRAINING SESSION 2012
Example from India
House A: 2 story house structured as a 3 story house, allowing
the owner to extend the house vertically without structural risks
in the future.
House B: 2 story house on pilots, allowing for the owner to
either leave the space open for parking or to increment it as a
shop or an extra bedroom.
House C: 3 story house with a void in the middle. This void can be
used like a veranda, living or working space, and the family can
close it in order to create a new bedroom in the future.
Example of service core design for
Pakistan (source: UNCHS, 1991)
Tanzanian extendable
house designs
Tanzanian extendable
house designs
Belapur housing
Design concept
Belapur incremental housing project - a proposal for mass affordable
housing in New Bombay (Navi Mumbai), which demonstrated how
high densities could be achieved with low-rise courtyard homes,
built with simple materials at a human scale.
Based on clusters of between seven
and 12 pairs of houses arranged
around communal courtyards, the
buildings did not share party walls –
allowing each family to extend and
adapt their own house
independently.
550 families were planned for in a 6-
acre area limitation.
• The project is generated by a hierarchy of spaces. The first is
the private courtyard of single dwelling used as a space for
outdoor activities during most of the year.
• Subsequently, seven units are grouped to form a small
courtyard town of about 8m x 8m.
Living area
Services
Private courtyard
Access roads
Three of these groups form a module of twenty-one homes that
describes the collective space of the next scale (approximately
12m x 12m).
3X1X7
1X7
3X3X1X7
SITE
MAP
• Correa discussed housing and the
importance of people to be
involved in determining its design
and use.
• Additionally, he also emphasized
incremental housing as a
centerpiece to any solution that was
proposed for a place like Dharavi
• The footprint of each plan varies
little in size (from 45 sq. m to 70 sq.
m), maintaining equity (fairness) in
the community
• Scheme caters wide range from the
lowest budgets of Rs 20000, Middle
income groups Rs 30000-50000 and
Upper income Rs 180000.
TYPOLOGY A
THE SIMPLEST UNIT TYPOLOGY B
TYPOLOGY C
TYPE A TYPE B
The 7-house unit Service line indication
MATERIALS AND • TECHNOLOGY: external walls of
CONSTRUCTION brick; roof structure covered with
wooden shingles.
• MATERIALS: brick, plaster of white
color, colorful wooden fixtures,
outdoor paving stone blocks.
• Individual houses rely on simple floor
plans and building methods, enabling
local masons and craftspeople to
construct them.
• The village was produced with the idea
that the residents were going to alter it
in many ways, making it truly their
own, therefore homes are
freestanding, so residents can add on
to them as their families grow; and
differently priced plans appeal to a
wide variety of income levels.
The recently constructed RCC bungalows
The dilapidated structures which date back to the 1970s
One of the few original buildings
A Type-A house
Unmaintained central courtyard space
Multi-storey construction as opposed to the original architectural grammar
Freedom of Modification
Low cost housing, high-end transport!
IS INCREMENTAL HOUSING A METHOD OF SUSTAINABLE HABITAT
The integration and involvement of residents during the process was developed using participatory processes. This social integration
component in the planning, housing construction and neighborhood development allows to achieve the most appropriate solution to the
needs and reinforces the sensation of inclusion in the neighborhood contributing to sustainable development.
INCREMENTAL HOUSING STRATEGY 2008 ELEMENTAL ARANYA HOUSING
• Started in 1980 in the city of Indore,
with the aim of creating incremental
housing for critical areas of the city.
• It stands out for the • By Alejandro Aravena, the project is • The project started with a strong
community participation in based on performances over bounded analysis of the urban morphology
the preparation of the communities. and behaviors of the local population
Yerawada revitalization • The Elementar defends that (the streets organization, the houses,
strategy, where the communities themselves promote their the various types of aggregation)
purpose solution was the constructions and economy who have reflected on the participation of the
increase of the number of impact in the social improved stability residents.
housing units, according to and in the vision of a city equal for • The project shows that after 30 years
the needs of each family, everyone. houses continue to evolve and grow,
respecting the organization • It was concluded that give the residents physically and aesthetically reflecting
model of the existing the possibility to adapt their “homes” to the user’s needs and the capability to
neighborhood regarding their true needs and lifestyle, allows generate solutions to its inhabitants.
the pre-existing pathways, safeguard the housing and adapt their • The neighborhood became very
on the integration of new functioning to the actual needs and at busy, providing an attractive
constructions on the mesh the same time allow them to create a environment for its residents and
already built. strong sense of belonging and identity. visitors.
INCREMENTAL HOUSING: SLUM INSITU-REHABILITATION
PROJECT, YERAWADA, PUNE
Architect/Planner: Prasanna Desai The slum area was a 50 years old settlement area that belonged to the
Scheme: BSUP Insitu rehabilitation Health department and had all tin structures prior to redevelopment. Slum
Location: Yerawada, Pune dwellers evicted multiple times due to which they could not built pucca
NGO Involved: SPARC & MASHAL houses.
Extreme emphasis on community participation at the design and
SITE PLAN MODEL implementation stage. The incremental housing strategy was clear of the
idea of wholesale clearance and rebuilding of the settlement.
Tailor made designs within 270SQ.FT of space to meet the various needs
of the people
SPARC, CHF and MARSHAL played a significant role in deriving financial
strategy, mobilizing people and cost estimation, resolving conflicts.
DESIGN AND OVERALL APPROACH:
The effort has been to retain the overall fabric of the slum in terms of
existing street patterns and existing footprints of houses.
SITE PLAN- EXISTING STREET PATTERN & SPACES
To accommodate the 270SQ.FT, the Architect has proposed two types of
designs:
INDIVIDUAL HOUSE ( A TYPE ) – where the footprint of each individual
house is retained and a new house (G+1) is designed on the existing
footprint with 135 sq ft carpet area on each level.
CLUSTER HOUSE ( B TYPE ) – wherever the existing footprint is too less or
the houses in a cluster are in random development where individual
houses would not be possible to accommodate.
Entire area of 270 sqft per house is provided on a single level.
INCREMENTAL HOUSING: SLUM INSITU- INDIVIDUAL HOUSE
REHABILITATION PROJECT, YERAWADA, PUNE ( A TYPE )
ROW HOUSE TYPE INDIVIDUAL HOUSING
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
SECTION
SECOND FLOOR PLAN
THIRD FLOOR PLAN
INCREMENTAL HOUSING: SLUM INSITU-
REHABILITATION PROJECT, YERAWADA, PUNE
CLUSTER HOUSE ( B TYPE) The design of the structure was suggested to accommodate an
additional floor in future whenever the family felt the need to
expand the household at their convenience.
For units that were double kuchas or more, the four column
technique could be seen as a group of structures sharing
columns, walls & infrastructure.
This was expected to reduce the cost of construction
considerably.
The plan was to provide 25SQ.M for each household, this value
was same as the provision in the housing scheme from the
government of India under JNNURM program that was
GROUND FLOOR PLAN introduced in 2005.
The scheme was approved for 1200 Kacha houses that were mapped
collectively in the seven slums.
The government was to provide the basic services like clean water, sewage,
storm water and electricity before the construction work began.
They also conducted socio-economic and biometric survey of all the residents
to create a database.
These surveys collected information on resident’s skills and occupation.
The contractors could employ residents associated with construction industry.
This way providing them source of income and closely involving them in the
construction process
INCREMENTAL OPEN SPACES: DHARAVI, MUMBAI AREA: 220 HA
POPULATION: 10 LAKHS APPROX.
“the heart and liver of Mumbai” DENSITY: 315 PPL/SQ.M
Dharavi, originally a peripheral fishing village, is one of
the largest, liveliest and wealthiest slums in the world.
EXTERNAL FEATURES
Inhabitants informal way of living that benefits Dharavi
as well as whole city of Mumbai. 80% of population is
employed within the settlement 40 percent self-
employed.
DHARAVI- A KINETIC SETTLEMENT
one-floor row one room and
houses set 1.6 household size upto 6
meters apart
The space inside is
Incrementally added extremely flexible
upper floors DURING THE NIGHT:
overhanging from house is a living space,
INTERNAL FEATURES
the initial structure space is maximized
through lofts,
stackable mattresses,
and folding tables
roofs almost touch Multiple use of the
each other same space
Blocking light and air DURING THE DAY:
the house becomes a
workspace, or is rented to
alleys into long, various businesses as
dark passages storage space
THE APPROACH Generally Therefore,
Rooftops
to address the scarcity of open space consist of
are used
roofs hold
REDUCE DEMOLITION | HIGHLIGHT EXISTING STRENGTHS One of simple much
extensively
the kinetic asbestos potential for
incremental building “URBAN ACUPUNCTURE” elements sheets
by children
maximizing
for playing
to add a layer of development over the existing fabric is ROOFS supported by the
or
slim steel availability of
socializing
MAIN IDEA profiles. open space
ARIAL VIEW DEPICTING THE CONGESTION IN THE SLUM:
Increase the usability of the roofs
Construction by the Unite formal (municipal
municipality of a number of intervention) and
platforms over the existing informal (inhabitant
roofs, which can then be input and completion)
completed and replicated approaches to the
by the inhabitants according surrounding urban
to their own needs. infrastructure.
PHASES OF INCREMENTAL PROCESS
ROOFS MAY BE TURNED INTO NEW OPEN AND USABLE SPACE
THE INCREMENTAL PROCESS APPLIED TO A BLOCK IN DHARAVI
(1) public intervention (2) self-building completion (3) self-building
intervention (4) final public intervention.
Thank you….
